CN115229437B - Processing method for rotary extrusion forming steel sleeve end cover and corresponding die and cutter - Google Patents

Processing method for rotary extrusion forming steel sleeve end cover and corresponding die and cutter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115229437B
CN115229437B CN202210776474.XA CN202210776474A CN115229437B CN 115229437 B CN115229437 B CN 115229437B CN 202210776474 A CN202210776474 A CN 202210776474A CN 115229437 B CN115229437 B CN 115229437B
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end cover
processing
cylinder
rotary
tire
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CN115229437A (en
Inventor
王春武
汪凯
王奎
何季麟
石银柱
袁志坚
周凯
刘宁
瞿康发
李军义
邵伟
范雨昳
饶晓方
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Northwest Rare Metal Materials Research Institute Ningxia Co ltd
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Northwest Rare Metal Materials Research Institute Ningxia Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/10Die sets; Pillar guides
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a processing method for forming a steel sleeve end cover by internal and external rotary extrusion, and a corresponding processing die and a cutter thereof, belonging to the technical field of hot isostatic pressing material forming. The processing method comprises the steps of blanking, rotating, extruding and rolling the flanging of the steel sleeve end cover, rotating, extruding and rolling the inner flanging, and finishing the outer circle of the steel sleeve end cover. The processing die of the steel ladle end cover comprises: the upper tyre and the lower tyre are matched with each other, and the inner tyre and the outer tyre are matched with each other. The rotary processing tool is used for rolling and processing the steel sleeve end cover formed by internal and external rotary extrusion, and comprises a semicircular arc, wherein the roughness of the semicircular arc is not more than 0.8um. The die and the cutter have low manufacturing cost and short processing period; the processing method of the sheath end cover is simple and feasible and is convenient to operate. The sheath end cover is welded with the sheath to ensure the air tightness, and the sheath end cover takes a role of a die to realize near-net shape, and after being used by hot isostatic pressing, the performance meets the use requirement.

Description

Processing method for rotary extrusion forming steel sleeve end cover and corresponding die and cutter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hot isostatic pressing material forming.
Background
In the hot isostatic pressing process, the density, size and shape of the product need to be protected by a sheath to ensure that the product meets the use requirements, and the sheath plays a role of a pressure medium in the forming process of the hot isostatic pressing process product. The mechanical property of the hot isostatic pressing steel ladle pressed product can reach the performance limit that can be reached by industrial beryllium powder; at higher temperatures, the strength of the pressed article is somewhat reduced, but the ductility is improved. Since pressure is applied to the steel sheath and the pressed article coated therewith from all directions, it is necessary to transmit the pressure through the steel sheath and to protect the shape of the pressed article to obtain a hot isostatic pressed compact having isotropy of microstructure and mechanical properties.
In the prior art, the conventional machining method of the steel sleeve end cover is that an ST14 or A3 plate is used for blanking by gas cutting, the machining period is long, the cost is relatively high, in the machining process, when the groove of the end cover is machined, the integral wall thickness of the end cover blank is generally 1.5-3 mm, the chatter marks are easy to be machined, in the hot isostatic pressing high-temperature and high-pressure equal pressure pressing process, the product is easy to tear, the rejection rate is generally about 10%, and the yield of the product is greatly reduced.
If the end cover is processed by adopting the stretching die, a whole set of dies such as a female die, a male die and a blank holder are required to be manufactured, the cost for processing the female die and the male die is more than 2.5 ten thousand yuan, and the processing is required to be completed on a press machine, so that the processing is inconvenient, the labor input is large, and the processing time is long.
Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the defects in the prior art, a first aspect of the invention provides a processing method for forming a steel sleeve end cover by internal and external rotary extrusion, which comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking:
the blanking size of the steel sheath end cover is not smaller than the height of the steel sheath added with the intermediate diameter of the steel sheath end cover, the reserved trimming amount is added, and the radius value of the R angle circular arc of the rotary feeding cutter is subtracted.
S2, rotating extrusion rolling the flanging of the steel sleeve end cover:
fixing the lower tire on processing equipment, fixing the end cover blank between the upper tire and the lower tire, aligning and fastening;
the rolling and rotating processing cutter is driven to move, and the radial force and the axial force are simultaneously applied to extrude friction to generate heat so as to promote the flanging of the end cover to be formed.
And the end cover blank is extruded by rotating and axially feeding a rotary processing cutter, heat is generated by friction between the rotary processing cutter and the end cover blank, and the flanging of the end cover blank is rolled into a state vertical to the radial direction of the end cover under the action of the heat and the axial feeding and transverse extrusion of the rotary processing cutter.
Step S3, rotating, extruding and rolling the inner flanging:
the processing equipment is fixedly connected with the inner tube, the inner tube clamps the end cover blank with the processed flanging, the inner tube is fixedly connected with the outer tube, then the inner flanging of the end cover blank is extruded by utilizing the rotary processing cutter, the rotary processing cutter rubs with the blank to generate heat, and the inner flanging of the end cover blank is processed under the actions of heat and extrusion.
The roughness of the R angle of the rotary feed tool is less than 0.8 μm.
Step S4, finish machining:
and loading the blank subjected to hot isostatic pressing into the steel sleeve, carrying out degassing treatment in the steel sleeve, connecting the steel sleeve end cover with a sleeve, finely turning the outer circle of the steel sleeve end cover, processing and removing the reserved trimming amount of blanking, and ensuring that the gaps of the connecting joints are flush and the end faces are flush.
And in the processing process, the included angle between the axis of the rotary tool bit and the axis of the machine tool spindle is 45 degrees.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a processing mold for a steel sleeve end cover, which is used for processing a rotary extrusion forming steel sleeve end cover, and specifically comprises:
an upper tire and a lower tire for processing the flanging of the steel ladle end cover;
an inner tube and an outer tube for processing the inner flanging of the steel sleeve end cover;
the lower tire comprises a first cylinder and a second cylinder with different diameters, and the two cylinders are of an integrated structure; the diameter of the first cylinder is smaller than that of the second cylinder; the longitudinal section of the lower tire is in a boss shape;
the first cylinder is used for being matched with processing equipment and driven by the processing equipment to rotate.
And an end cover blank is clamped between the outer end face of the second cylinder of the lower tire and the upper tire, and the outer end face of the second cylinder comprises a round angle.
The upper tire comprises a third cylinder and a fourth cylinder, and the end cover blank is clamped between the third cylinder and the second cylinder of the lower tire; the diameter of the third cylinder is larger than that of the fourth cylinder, and the third cylinder and the fourth cylinder are of an integrated structure; the center point of the fourth cylinder is matched with the top point of the processing machine tool, so that the upper tire and the lower tire clamp the end cover blank, and the rotary processing is facilitated.
The end face edge of the upper tire, which is in contact with the end cover blank, comprises a chamfer.
The inner and outer end surfaces of the inner tube are of a stepped circular ring structure, and a semi-finished blank of the end cover is clamped between the stepped circular ring of the inner end surface and the outer tube; the stepped annular step interface of the inner side end surface comprises an axial groove which is used for being embedded into the outer edge of the end cover semi-finished blank, and the depth of the groove is not smaller than the height of the outer edge of the end cover semi-finished blank.
The inner diameter of the stepped circular ring of the inner tube is the same as the diameter of the inward flanging of the end cover blank.
The stepped circular ring of the inner tube comprises a round angle.
The outer side end face of the outer tire is in a plane ring shape, and the inner side end face of the outer tire is in a stepped ring shape.
The step height of the step-shaped circular ring on the inner side of the outer tire is equal to the difference value between the height of the step-shaped circular ring on the inner side of the inner tire and the thickness of the end cover blank.
The third aspect of the invention provides a rotary processing tool for rolling and processing an inner and outer rotary extrusion forming steel sleeve end cover, the rotary processing tool comprises a main shaft, and the tail end of the main shaft is connected with a rotary tool bit through a bearing.
The contact part of the rotary processing cutter and the workpiece is provided with a smooth arc surface, and the conical surface of the rotary processing cutter rolls to manufacture the cutter.
The radius of the round angle of the steel sleeve end cover, the round angle of the inner tube and the round angle of the outer tube are as follows: r=kr+t;
wherein: k is a coefficient, where k=1.1 when bent to vertical;
r is the minimum bending radius of the blank corresponding to each component;
t is the thickness of the blank corresponding to each component;
the rotary cutter head comprises a circular ring part, and the tail end of the circular ring part is connected with a cylinder with a radial outline of a semicircle; the annular part is embedded outside the bearing; the roughness of the semicircle is not more than 0.8 μm.
The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that:
1. the mould and the rotary processing tool have low manufacturing cost and short processing period.
2. The processing method of the sheath end cover is simple and feasible and is convenient to operate.
3. The sheath end cover is welded with the sheath, the powder is subjected to hot isostatic pressing near-net forming, a special sheath is used, the coated powder material enters the powder through shielding gas so as to ensure the air tightness of the powder, the powder acts as a mold to realize near-net forming, the purpose of controlling the shape of a final part is achieved, and the performance meets the use requirement after the powder is subjected to hot isostatic pressing forming.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rotary processing tool according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a lower tire structure of the processing mold according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the upper tire structure of the processing mold according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the inner tube structure of the processing mold according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the outer tire of the processing mold according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a method for processing a flange of a steel sleeve end cover according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a method for processing an inner flange of a steel ladle end cap according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is an axial structural cross-section of the finished steel ladle end cap according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment 1. The processing method of the steel ladle end cover formed by internal and external rotary extrusion adopts 08Al, ST14 or A3 as the material of the steel ladle end cover, and the material has good cold deep drawing performance, and the requirement of the steel ladle for hot isostatic pressing is proved to be met; before the end cover is processed, a mould and a rotary processing cutter are designed and manufactured, and the processing operation of the steel sleeve end cover is performed by rotary extrusion;
the contact part of the rotary processing cutter and the workpiece is a smooth arc surface, so that the roughness of the rolling surface is ensured for smooth rotary friction contact, and the cutter conical surface is used for rolling the cutter.
Step 1, blanking:
the blanking size of the steel ladle end cover is as follows:
and adding the height of the steel sheath in the middle diameter of the steel sheath end cover, adding a reserved trimming amount, and subtracting the radius value of the R-angle circular arc of the rotary feeding cutter.
Step 2, rolling the flanging of the steel sleeve end cover by rotary extrusion:
as shown in fig. 6, the lower tire is fixed on a three-jaw chuck 5, an end cover blank is tightly propped between an upper tire 3 and the lower tire 1 by utilizing a lathe tailstock, and is aligned and fastened by a dial indicator;
the lathe chuck rotates the workpiece to be used as a main motion, drives the rolling rotary machining tool 4 to move from the main motion, and utilizes the simultaneous action of radial force and axial force to generate heat by extrusion friction so as to finish the rough machining of the end cover.
And extrusion processing is performed by using a rotary processing cutter, heat is generated by friction between the rotary processing cutter and the end cover blank 2, and the flanging of the blank is rolled into a state vertical to the end cover under the action of longitudinal feeding and transverse extrusion of the heat and the rotary processing cutter.
And 3, rotating, extruding and rolling the inner flanging:
as shown in fig. 7, four separate flaps of the inner tube 11 are welded by four claws 12 of a machine tool, an end cover blank is clamped by four claw chucks 12 in linkage, the four separate flaps of the inner tube 11 are clamped synchronously, the clamping force is adjustable, the blank is required not to deform in the clamping process, the inner tube and the outer tire 13 are fastened by bolts, the extrusion processing is carried out by using a rotary processing cutter 14, the cutter rubs with a semi-finished blank 15 to generate heat, and the internal flanging of the blank is completed under the actions of the heat and the extrusion.
The roughness of the R angle of the rotary feed tool is less than 0.8 mu m to ensure that the surface scratch of the workpiece is small.
And 4, finishing:
the hot isostatic pressed blank is filled into a sheath, degassing treatment is carried out in the sheath, an end cover of the sheath is welded with a sheath cylinder, and welding quality is ensured for ensuring a welding seam gap, so that the outer circle of the end cover of the sheath is finely turned, the reserved trimming amount of blanking is processed and removed, and the welding seam gap and the end face are ensured to be level.
And in the processing process, the included angle between the axis of the rotary tool bit and the axis of the machine tool spindle is 45 degrees.
Embodiment 2. A processing die for forming a steel sleeve end cover by internal and external rotary extrusion, comprising:
the upper tire 3 and the lower tire 1 are matched with each other and are used for processing the flanging of the steel ladle end cover;
the inner tube 11 and the outer tube 13 which are matched with each other are used for processing the inner flanging of the steel sleeve end cover;
the lower tire 1 comprises a first cylinder and a second cylinder with different diameters, and the two cylinders are of an integral structure; the diameter of the first cylinder is smaller than that of the second cylinder; the longitudinal section of the lower tire is in a boss shape, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 7; the first cylinder is used for being matched with a three-jaw chuck of a machine tool, and then the three-jaw chuck drives the lower tire to rotate.
An end cover blank is clamped between the outer end face of the second cylinder of the lower tire 1 and the upper tire, the outer end face of the second cylinder comprises a round angle, and in order to ensure that the end cover blank is normally rolled and bent and net shape is formed by hot isostatic pressing, the smaller the radius of the round angle is, the better, and the value of the round angle is generally R=2.2 mm-2.5 mm; the key point of the rotary processing cutter is that the blank at the contact part with the workpiece has a smooth arc surface, so that the smoothness of rotary friction contact is ensured, the roughness of the rolling surface of the end cover is ensured, and the conical surface of the rotary processing cutter rolls to form a cutter.
The radius of the round angle of the outer tire 13, the round angle of the inner tire 11, the round angle after the outer edge and the inner edge of the end cover are bent is as follows: r=kr+t;
wherein: k is a coefficient, and when bent in a vertical state, k=1.1;
r is the minimum bending radius of the blank corresponding to each component;
t is the thickness of the blank corresponding to each component;
in the embodiment, if the blank plate thickness t=2 mm, r=0.3 mm and k=1.1 of the sleeve end cover, the round angle of the sleeve end cover is r2.4mm; the key point of the rotary processing tool is that the blank at the contact part with the workpiece is provided with a smooth arc surface, so that the roughness of the rolling surface of the end cover is ensured for smooth rotary friction contact, and the conical surface of the cutter is used for rolling the cutter.
As shown in fig. 4 and 7, the upper tire 3 includes a third cylinder and a fourth cylinder, and the end cap blank 2 is clamped between the third cylinder and the second cylinder of the lower tire 1; the diameter of the third cylinder is larger than that of the fourth cylinder, and the third cylinder and the fourth cylinder are of an integrated structure; the center point of the fourth cylinder is matched with the top point of the processing machine tool, so that the upper tire and the lower tire clamp the end cover blank, and the rotary processing is facilitated.
The end face edge of the upper tyre 3 in contact with the end cap blank 2 comprises a chamfer of 3 x 45 °.
As shown in fig. 5 and 8, the inner side end surface and the outer side end surface of the inner tube 11 are both in a stepped circular ring structure, and the semi-finished blank 15 of the end cover is clamped between the stepped circular ring of the inner side end surface and the outer tube 13; the stepped annular step interface of the inside end face includes an axial groove for embedding the outer edge of the end cap blank 15, the depth of the groove being the same as the height of the outer edge of the end cap blank, in other embodiments, the depth of the groove is not less than the height of the outer edge of the end cap blank.
The inner diameter of the stepped circular ring of the inner tube 11 is the same as the diameter of the inward flanging of the end cover blank.
The stepped circular ring of the inner tube 11 comprises a circular bead, and the circular bead is R2.2-R2.3.
As shown in fig. 6 and 8, the outer end surface of the outer tire 13 is a planar ring, and the inner end surface of the outer tire 13 is a stepped ring.
The step height of the stepped circular ring on the inner side of the outer tire 13 is equal to the difference value between the height of the stepped circular ring on the inner side of the inner tire 11 and the thickness of the end cover blank.
Example 3. A rotary cutter for use in the rolling process of the inner and outer rotary extrusion steel sleeve end caps as referred to in example 1, as shown in fig. 1, comprises a main shaft having a rotary cutter head connected to the end thereof by a bearing.
The rotary cutter head comprises a circular ring part, and the tail end of the circular ring part is connected with a cylinder with a radial outline of a semicircular arc.
The tail end of the circular ring part is integrally connected with the cylinder.
The annular part is embedded outside the bearing.
The radius of the semicircular arc is R5-R7.
In this embodiment, the roughness of the semicircular arc of the cylinder is 0.8 μm.
The foregoing embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, but not for limiting the same, although the embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A tooling die for a steel sleeve end cap, the tooling die comprising: an upper tire and a lower tire which are matched with each other, and an inner tire and an outer tire which are matched with each other; it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
the upper tire and the lower tire are used for processing the flanging of the steel ladle end cover;
the inner tube and the outer tube are used for processing inner flanging of the steel sleeve end cover;
the lower tire comprises a first cylinder and a second cylinder with different diameters, and the two cylinders are of an integrated structure; the diameter of the first cylinder is smaller than that of the second cylinder; the longitudinal section of the lower tire is in a boss shape;
the first cylinder is used for being matched with processing equipment;
an end cover blank is clamped between the outer end face of the second cylinder of the lower tire and the upper tire, and the outer end face of the second cylinder comprises a round angle;
the upper tire comprises a third cylinder and a fourth cylinder, and the end cover blank is clamped between the third cylinder and the second cylinder of the lower tire; the diameter of the third cylinder is larger than that of the fourth cylinder, and the third cylinder and the fourth cylinder are of an integrated structure; the center point of the fourth cylinder is matched with the top point of the processing machine tool, and the upper tire and the lower tire clamp the end cover blank;
the inner end face and the outer end face of the inner tube are of a stepped circular ring structure, and a semi-finished product of the end cover blank is clamped between the stepped circular ring of the inner end face and the outer tube;
the stepped annular step interface of the inner side end surface comprises an axial groove, the groove is embedded into the outer edge of the end cover blank semi-finished product, and the depth of the groove is not smaller than the height of the outer edge of the end cover blank semi-finished product.
2. A method for processing an end cap of a steel sleeve formed by internal and external rotary extrusion of a processing die according to claim 1, comprising:
s1, determining the blanking size of the steel sleeve end cover according to the size of the steel sleeve end cover, and blanking:
the blanking size of the steel ladle end cover is not smaller than the sum of the radius values of the middle diameter of the steel ladle end cover, the height of the steel ladle, the reserved trimming amount and the R angle arc of the rotary feeding cutter;
s2, rotating, extruding and rolling the flanging of the steel ladle end cover:
fixing the lower tire on processing equipment, fixing the end cover blank between the upper tire and the lower tire, aligning and fastening;
driving a rotary processing cutter to perform rolling movement, and utilizing the simultaneous action of radial force and axial force, extruding friction to generate heat so as to promote the flanging forming of the steel sleeve end cover; rolling the flanging of the end cover blank into a state perpendicular to the radial direction of the steel sleeve end cover;
s3, rotating, extruding and rolling to manufacture inner flanging:
fixedly mounting the end cover blank with the processed flanging between an inner tube and an outer tube, fixedly connecting the inner tube and the outer tube, moving the rotary processing cutter to the inner edge of the end cover blank, and extruding and processing the inner flanging of the end cover blank by using the rotary processing cutter;
s4, finish machining:
and (3) carrying out finish machining on the outer circle of the steel ladle end cover, removing reserved trimming amount, loading the blank subjected to hot isostatic pressing into a sleeve of the steel ladle, and sealing and connecting the steel ladle end cover with the sleeve of the steel ladle after the inner and outer flanging is finished.
3. The method for processing the inner and outer rotary extrusion forming steel sleeve end cover according to claim 2, wherein an included angle between an axis of the rotary feeding cutter and an axis of a main shaft of a machine tool is 0-45 degrees.
4. The method for processing the end cap of the inner and outer rotary extrusion molding steel sheath according to claim 2, wherein in the step S4, the inside of the connected steel sheath is subjected to degassing treatment.
5. The method of processing an inside and outside spin extrusion steel sleeve end cap according to claim 2, wherein the roughness of the R angle of the rotary feed tool is less than 0.8 μm.
6. A rotary processing tool for the processing die of claim 1, wherein the rotary processing tool is used for rolling processing of an inner and outer rotary extrusion forming steel sleeve end cover, and comprises a main shaft, and the tail end of the main shaft is connected with a rotary cutter head through a bearing; the contact part of the rotary processing cutter and the workpiece is provided with a smooth arc surface; the rotary cutter head comprises a circular ring part, and the tail end of the circular ring part is connected with a cylinder with a radial outline of a semicircle; the annular part is embedded outside the bearing; the roughness of the semicircle is not more than 0.8 μm.
CN202210776474.XA 2022-07-04 2022-07-04 Processing method for rotary extrusion forming steel sleeve end cover and corresponding die and cutter Active CN115229437B (en)

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