CN115228002A - Container type biological safety isolation equipment and negative pressure control and airflow organization method thereof - Google Patents

Container type biological safety isolation equipment and negative pressure control and airflow organization method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115228002A
CN115228002A CN202210636645.9A CN202210636645A CN115228002A CN 115228002 A CN115228002 A CN 115228002A CN 202210636645 A CN202210636645 A CN 202210636645A CN 115228002 A CN115228002 A CN 115228002A
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air
cabin
exhaust
negative pressure
equipment
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CN115228002B (en
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王建华
赵俊杰
杨杰
苗春辉
孙科
何晓
孟浩
孙曦冉
刘可凡
徐超
付宇
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China Shipbuilding Corp System Engineering Research Institute
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China Shipbuilding Corp System Engineering Research Institute
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B31/00—Containers or portable cabins for affording breathing protection with devices for reconditioning the breathing air or for ventilating, in particular those that are suitable for invalids or small children
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/28—Arrangement or mounting of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/003—Ventilation in combination with air cleaning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F24F7/08—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit with separate ducts for supplied and exhausted air with provisions for reversal of the input and output systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
    • F24F8/108—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering using dry filter elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/20—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by sterilisation
    • F24F8/22—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by sterilisation using UV light
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a modularized container type biological safety isolation device and a negative pressure control and airflow organization method thereof.A heating ventilation system, an air purification and sterilization system, an oxygen guarantee system in a cabin, an electricity guarantee system, medical equipment and an intelligent monitoring system are arranged in a cabin body of the container type biological safety isolation device, so that the cabin has abundant guarantee facilities of electricity, gas, oxygen, medical treatment, environment and the like, the negative pressure control is realized by adopting an airflow control mode of 'fixed delivery and variable discharge', and the requirement of 'up-delivery and down-discharge' subarea laminar flow type directional airflow organization in infectious disease prevention and treatment is met. By dividing the interior area of the isolation device into a clean zone, a semi-contaminated zone and a contaminated zone, the risk of cross-infection is reduced. The whole set of equipment adopts the container as a cabin body, integrates the functions of isolation, transportation and treatment, and has strong environmental adaptability.

Description

Container type biological safety isolation equipment and negative pressure control and airflow organization method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biological safety, and particularly relates to a container type biological safety isolation device for biological isolation and transportation and a negative pressure control and airflow organization method thereof.
Background
The existing biosafety isolating and transferring facilities mainly comprise a negative pressure stretcher, a negative pressure ambulance, a negative pressure isolating hospital and the like.
The negative pressure stretcher uses a medical stretcher as a basic structure, integrates a cabin body structure which is mainly made of transparent plastic materials and is of a single size, and simultaneously integrates an air draft fan and an air intake and exhaust filtering unit for ventilation, and a certain negative pressure is formed inside the negative pressure stretcher. The device is suitable for single-person isolated transportation, has small volume and light weight, is manually lifted and transported, is used for transporting patients between a patient discovery site and a negative pressure ambulance and between the negative pressure ambulance and an isolated ward of a hospital, and is matched with the negative pressure ambulance for use. However, the negative pressure stretcher has limited capacity and function, only supports one person to transport, and cannot provide a medical care working space.
The negative pressure ambulance is one kind of ambulance with inside negative pressure and is one transferring device with isolating cabin and vehicle. The inside space of isolation compartment can hold many medical care and disease, has relative seal, is provided with into airs exhaust and filter equipment to and special negative pressure device, the travelling comfort is better, is equipped with certain emergent medical equipment in the vehicle simultaneously, can realize keeping apart, transporting and emergent medical treatment. Compared with a negative pressure stretcher, the negative pressure ambulance is provided with a larger isolation space, can realize medical care and transportation of patients on the same vehicle, but the internal space of the ambulance can not be partitioned, and the medical care has larger cross infection risk.
Negative pressure isolation hospitals, especially negative pressure isolation shelter hospitals, are mainly fixed buildings, can realize isolation and treatment as a whole, but can not be used for mobile transfer scenes.
As shown in fig. 1, a container type biosafety System (CBCS) developed by MRI Global in the united states is an air-transportable medical transportation device with complete bioseparation protection capability, and can satisfy high-level control of virulent viruses such as ebola. The main structure of the product is a 40-foot container, the empty weight is about 10 tons, and the main functions comprise: the device is provided with a ventilation and disinfection system, the inside of the whole device is kept at negative pressure, air inlet and exhaust are filtered by HEPA (high efficiency particulate air), oxygen is supplied for 16 hours, and the device is provided with an image monitoring system and is provided with medical equipment and medicines. This equipment has totally enclosed structure, and inside includes between three negative pressure: a patient treatment area for holding 4 patients and 4 caregivers; a buffer zone for the medical care safety wear of personal protective equipment; and the rest area is used for two medical personnel to rest and monitor in the cabin. The fan air exhaust device and the oxygen tank body are positioned outside the CBCS cabin.
As shown in figure 2, the system mainly forms natural gradient negative pressure by HEPA filters arranged at different positions between negative pressures under the air pumping action of a fan, cannot provide 'up-and-down-discharge' subarea laminar flow type directional airflow tissues meeting the infectious disease control, and has the risk of cross infection. In addition, this system does not establish independent bathroom, produces the excessive risk of pollutant easily, and fan and oxygen cylinder influence integral hoisting operation. The system only has the functions of intercommunication communication and image monitoring between the rest room and the patient area, and has no functions of equipment, environment monitoring, remote medical treatment and the like. Therefore, the device has poor application scenes and flexibility and cannot be applied to various application scenes.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the invention provides the modularized container type biosafety isolation equipment which supports medium and long distance transportation, has strong adaptability, can ensure long-time operation and integrates isolation, transportation and treatment.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme: a modularized container type biological safety isolation device comprises a container type cabin body, a function partition and a support system.
Wherein, the cabin body of the container type biological safety isolation equipment is a 40-foot or 20-foot container with international standard, and the shell of the cabin body is sprayed with a pure polyurea coating.
The functional partition is positioned in the cabin and comprises a clean area, a semi-polluted area and a polluted area.
The clean area, the semi-polluted area and the polluted area comprise different negative pressure rooms.
Further, the negative pressure room of the cleaning area comprises a rest room and an equipment room.
The rest room comprises office tables and chairs, folding chairs, air inlets, air outlets and monitoring terminals and is used for rest and internal monitoring;
the equipment in the equipment room comprises: heating and ventilation unit, variable-capacity direct-expansion air conditioner, power supply unit, distribution box, commercial power cable tray, oxygen cylinder and oxygen generator.
Furthermore, the negative pressure chamber of the semi-pollution area comprises a buffer chamber which is used as the buffer of the pollution area and the cleaning area, and an interlocking door, a storage cabinet, a pedal type garbage can, a sterilizing device, an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged.
Further, the negative pressure room in the pollution area comprises a patient room and a toilet.
Wherein, the sickroom is used for collecting, treating, isolating or transporting patients or suspected patients and comprises a bed, a seat, an air outlet, an air inlet, a medical belt, a medical equipment shelf, a medical article storage bag and a killing device.
The toilet is used by patients or suspected patients and comprises a water-free packing closestool, water-free hand sanitizer and an air outlet.
A supporting system of the modularized container type biological safety isolation equipment comprises a heating ventilation system, an air purification and sterilization system, an oxygen guarantee system in a cabin, an electricity utilization guarantee system, medical equipment and an intelligent monitoring system.
Wherein, the heating and ventilation system comprises a fresh air processing system, an exhaust system and a heating and ventilation automatic control system.
The fresh air processing system comprises an air inlet, a primary-medium-efficiency filtering section, a cold-hot coil pipe section, a variable-capacity direct-expansion air conditioner, an electric heating section, a humidity adjusting section, a fresh air fan, a flow equalizing section, a high-efficiency filtering section, an air volume valve and an air inlet.
The primary and secondary efficient filtering sections, the fresh air fan, the efficient filtering section, the cold and hot coil pipe sections, the air volume valve and the variable-volume direct expansion type air conditioner are arranged in the equipment room to form a main structure of the heating and ventilating unit.
The exhaust system comprises a plurality of exhaust killing modules, including an ultra-efficient filter, an air volume valve, a plasma killing device, an exhaust fan and an exhaust outlet.
The air exhaust fan is arranged at the air exhaust port.
The ultra-high efficiency filter and the plasma killing device are distributed at an air outlet of the exhaust system.
The heating and ventilation automatic control system comprises a negative pressure control system, a temperature control system and a humidity control system.
The fresh air processing system provides fresh air with adjustable air volume, and the air exhaust system is adjustable in air volume and matched with fresh air inlet to form negative pressure.
The heating ventilation system adopts a mode of 'centralized air supply and dispersed air exhaust', and the air flow is ensured not to be cross-polluted by the upward air supply, the downward air discharge.
The air purification killing system is used for purifying and killing air in the cabin and comprises an H13 high-efficiency filter for a fresh air processing system, an exhaust ultra-high-efficiency filter and a plasma killing device for a U15 grade of an exhaust system, a small space disinfection and sterilization device and a deep ultraviolet LED killing device for air purification and killing in the cabin.
Wherein, H13 high efficiency filter sets up in the high efficiency filter section of new trend processing system, filters the particle aerosol that the particle diameter is low to 0.3um, has the filter effect more than 99.97%.
The ultra-high efficiency filter with the grade of U15 and the plasma sterilizing device are distributed at an air outlet of the exhaust system to form an exhaust sterilizing module, and the ultra-high efficiency filter filters particle aerosol with the particle size of 0.3um, so that the filtering effect is more than 99.9995%. The plasma sterilizing device is used for sterilizing and disinfecting few particle aerosol penetrating through the ultra-efficient filter.
The small-space disinfection and sterilization device is arranged at the head of the patient bed, so that viruses discharged by respiration of the patient can be timely treated. The deep ultraviolet LED sterilizing device is respectively arranged on two door frames facing towards the ward room and on the door frame of the buffer room, the deep ultraviolet light obliquely irradiates air in the upper space, and the air aerosol is sterilized by utilizing the pulsation of the upper air.
The small space disinfection and sterilization device is provided with a primary filter layer, an ion field synergistic catalytic purification layer and a post-treatment layer, so that the circulating air in the cabin is clean and free from peculiar smell.
The oxygen guarantee system in the cabin adopts the modularized oxygen generator prying group to realize oxygen enrichment control in the cabin, and meets the requirement of supplying oxygen continuously for a long time according to needs. A plurality of oxygen supply terminals are arranged between the patients and in the rest room, and are communicated with the intelligent monitoring system, so that the requirements of the patients are met.
The power utilization guarantee system comprises a power supply device and a UPS (uninterrupted power supply), and is used for providing power support for the whole set of equipment.
The medical equipment in the cabin is used for providing basic life support conditions for transporting patients, and is specifically matched according to users and specific tasks.
The intelligent monitoring system in the cabin is used for positioning the cabin, remotely communicating, monitoring the environment and the dynamic state in the cabin, monitoring the vibration and the attitude of the cabin and controlling the medical door in the cabin, and simultaneously carries out real-time monitoring and alarming on the states of an electricity utilization guarantee system, a heating and ventilation system, an oxygen guarantee system and an air purification and sterilization system in the cabin. The intelligent monitoring system reserves an access interface of the medical equipment and has the functions of equipment state information uploading, video transmission and remote consultation.
The above-mentioned intelligent monitoring system includes: the system comprises an intelligent sensing terminal for information acquisition and control, a rest room local monitoring station for comprehensive monitoring in an cabin, a user side remote monitoring center for remote monitoring of equipment to which a user belongs, and a factory side remote monitoring system for remote monitoring of all factory equipment.
Preferably, the air leakage amount of the outer shell of the container type biological safety isolation equipment is not higher than 6.0m when the overpressure in the cabin is 300Pa 3 /min。
Preferably, in the heating and ventilation system, an automatic pressure sensor is arranged between negative pressures to monitor the pressure inside and outside the cabin and adjust the flow of the air volume valve.
Preferably, the heating and ventilation system in the cabin comprises 1 set of fresh air processing system, 6 sets of independent exhaust systems and 1 set of heating and ventilation automatic control system.
Preferably, a plurality of small emergency oxygen tanks are arranged in the cabin and used for emergency oxygen supply in the space under the condition of emergency power failure.
Preferably, a water jacket heating facility is mounted on the power supply device to meet the use requirements in cold regions.
Preferably, a maintenance-free plateau special starting storage battery is adopted as the power supply device to meet the use requirement of the plateau.
Preferably, the power supply device in the power utilization guarantee system comprises one or more of a diesel generator set, a lithium battery and a fuel cell; and the RS485 communication interface of the power supply device is connected with the intelligent control system and used for remotely uploading the operating parameters of the power supply device to the monitoring platform for monitoring.
Preferably, the medical equipment selected in the cabin body comprises one or more of a breathing machine, a defibrillator, an electrocardiograph monitor, portable ultrasound and an infusion pump.
The invention also provides a method for controlling the negative pressure of the inner subareas of the modularized container type biological safety isolation equipment and directing the airflow organization, which is realized by adopting an airflow control mode of 'centralized air supply and dispersed air exhaust', and the method comprises the following specific steps:
designing cabin space according to a sensing and controlling process to ensure the pressure gradient and the air tightness of each area, respectively supplying air to each area through air inlets arranged in a clean area, a semi-polluted area and a polluted area, and ensuring the cleanliness of the inlet air after the inlet air of the air inlets is filtered by primary effect, intermediate effect and high efficiency; the air outlets arranged in the cleaning area, the semi-pollution area and the pollution area respectively exhaust air to the outside, the frequency of an air exhaust fan in the air outlet and the angle of an air volume valve are controlled, and negative pressure is formed by utilizing the air volume difference between air inflow and air displacement.
The negative pressure among all negative pressures in the cabin is controlled as follows: minimum static pressure difference between the patient and the outside is-20 Pa; minimum static pressure difference between the toilet and the outside is-25 Pa; the minimum static pressure difference between the buffer room and the outdoor space is-10 Pa; the minimum static pressure difference between the rest room and the outdoor is-5 Pa; the minimum number of air changes per area was 12/hr.
When internal negative pressure control is carried out, a pressure difference fine regulation and control technology based on dynamic environment change is adopted, a pressure sensor, a variable frequency fan, a variable air volume valve and a check valve are selected as an induction and execution mechanism, air supply and exhaust volume is adjusted in real time according to pressure data of different functional areas through a heating and ventilation control system, gradient negative pressure formed in a cabin is controlled, and the design of a negative pressure control system with high stability and high reliability is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the modularized container type biological safety isolation equipment provided by the invention adopts a container type cabin body, is convenient for integral hoisting and can be suitable for long-distance transportation, and different functional partitions are arranged in the cabin body, so that the requirements of doctors and patients are met. The air purification and disinfection in the cabin are started from multiple links of air intake, air exhaust, air circulation purification in the cabin and the like, multiple air purification technologies such as filtration, adsorption, catalysis, plasma, ultraviolet rays, disinfectors and the like are organically combined, and the multi-stage coupling efficient purification of multiple pollutants is realized through the multi-stage coupling efficient air purification regeneration and self-cleaning technologies, the filtering efficiency of the aerosol with particles with the particle size of 0.3um is more than 99.97%, and the comprehensive disinfection and killing rate of bacteria and viruses reaches 99.99% or more. In addition, the heating and ventilation system, the air purification and sterilization system, the oxygen guarantee system in the cabin, the electricity utilization guarantee system, the medical equipment and the intelligent monitoring system are arranged in the cabin, so that the cabin has abundant electric, gas, oxygen, medical treatment, environment and other guarantee facilities, and long-time isolation, transportation and treatment operation can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a container type biosafety system according to the background art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the negative pressure and airflow organization of a container-type biosafety system according to the background of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the container body of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the inner functional partition of the container type biosafety isolation device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the air sterilizer in the cabin according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an interface of the intelligent monitoring system of the container type biosafety isolation equipment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the internal layout of the container type bio-isolation apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the internal layout of a patient room according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the directional airflow structure in the cabin of the container type biosafety isolation equipment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The technical scheme of the invention provides a modularized container type biological safety isolation device which comprises a container type cabin body, a functional partition and a support system, wherein the functional partition is positioned in the cabin body.
As shown in FIG. 3, the container body of the container type biological safety isolation equipment is an international standard 40-foot or 20-foot container, and a pure polyurea coating is sprayed on the outer shell of the container body.
As shown in fig. 4, the functional zones located inside the cabin include a clean zone, a semi-contaminated zone, and a contaminated zone.
The clean area, the semi-polluted area and the polluted area comprise different negative pressure rooms.
The negative pressure room in the cleaning area comprises a rest room and an equipment room.
Wherein, the rest room includes office table chair, folding chair, air intake, air exit, monitor terminal for rest and inside control.
The equipment in the equipment room comprises: heating and ventilation unit, variable-capacity direct-expansion air conditioner, power supply unit, distribution box, commercial power cable tray, oxygen cylinder and oxygen generator.
The negative pressure room of the semi-pollution area is a buffer room which is used as the buffer of the pollution area and the clean area and comprises an interlocking door, a storage cabinet, a pedal garbage can, a sterilization device, an air inlet and an air outlet.
The negative pressure room in the polluted area comprises a patient room and a toilet.
The sickroom is used for collecting, treating, isolating or transporting patients or suspected patients and comprises a bed, a seat, an air outlet, an air inlet, a medical belt, a medical equipment shelf, a medical article storage bag and a killing device.
The toilet is used by patients or suspected patients and comprises a water-free packing closestool, water-free hand sanitizer and an air outlet.
A supporting system of the modularized container type biological safety isolation equipment comprises a heating ventilation system, an air purification and sterilization system, an oxygen guarantee system in a cabin, an electricity utilization guarantee system, medical equipment and an intelligent monitoring system.
Wherein, the heating and ventilation system comprises a fresh air processing system, an exhaust system and a heating and ventilation automatic control system.
The fresh air processing system comprises an air inlet, a primary-medium-efficiency filtering section, a cold-hot coil pipe section, a variable-capacity direct-expansion air conditioner, an electric heating section, a humidity adjusting section, a fresh air fan, a flow equalizing section, a high-efficiency filtering section, an air volume valve and an air inlet.
The primary and middle effect filtering section, the fresh air fan, the efficient filtering section, the cold and hot coil pipe section, the air volume valve and the variable volume direct expansion type air conditioner are arranged in the equipment room to form a main structure of the heating and ventilating unit.
The exhaust system comprises a plurality of exhaust killing modules, including an ultra-efficient filter, an air volume valve, a plasma killing device, an exhaust fan and an exhaust outlet.
The air exhaust fan is arranged at the air exhaust port.
The ultra-efficient filter and the plasma killing device are distributed at an air outlet of the exhaust system.
The heating and ventilation automatic control system comprises a negative pressure control system, a temperature control system and a humidity control system.
The fresh air processing system provides fresh air with adjustable air volume, and the air exhaust system is adjustable in air volume and matched with fresh air inlet to form negative pressure.
The heating ventilation system adopts a mode of 'centralized air supply and dispersed air exhaust', and the air flow is ensured not to be cross-polluted by the upward air supply, the downward air discharge.
The air purification and sterilization system is used for purifying and sterilizing air in the cabin and comprises an H13 high-efficiency filter for a fresh air processing system, an exhaust ultra-high-efficiency filter and a plasma sterilization device for an exhaust system in a U15 grade, and a small space sterilization device and a deep ultraviolet LED sterilization device for purifying and sterilizing the air in the cabin.
Wherein, H13 high efficiency filter sets up in the high efficiency filter section of new trend processing system, filters the particle aerosol that the particle diameter is low to 0.3um, has the filter effect more than 99.97%.
The ultra-high efficiency filter with the grade of U15 and the plasma sterilizing device are distributed at an air outlet of the exhaust system to form an exhaust sterilizing module, and the ultra-high efficiency filter filters particle aerosol with the particle size of 0.3um, so that the filtering effect is more than 99.9995%. The plasma sterilizing device is used for sterilizing and disinfecting few particle aerosol penetrating through the ultra-efficient filter.
The small space disinfection and sterilization device is arranged at the head part of a patient bed, specifically at the points A, B, C and D in the figure 5, and can timely treat viruses discharged by the breath of the patient. The deep ultraviolet LED killing device is respectively arranged on two door frames facing towards the ward and on a door frame of the buffer room, specifically point positions E, F and G in the figure 5, the deep ultraviolet light irradiates air in an upper layer space in an inclined upward direction, and air aerosol is killed by utilizing pulsation of the upper layer air.
The small space disinfection and sterilization device is provided with a primary filter layer, an ion field synergistic catalytic purification layer and a post-treatment layer, so that the circulating air in the cabin is clean and free from peculiar smell.
The oxygen guarantee system in the cabin adopts the modularized oxygen generator prying group to realize oxygen enrichment control in the cabin, and meets the requirement of supplying oxygen continuously for a long time according to needs. A plurality of oxygen supply terminals are arranged between the patients and in the rest room, and are communicated with the intelligent monitoring system, so that the requirements of the patients are met.
The power utilization guarantee system comprises a power supply device and a UPS (uninterrupted power supply), and is used for providing power support for the whole set of equipment.
The medical equipment in the cabin is used for providing basic life support conditions for transporting patients, and is specifically matched according to users and specific tasks.
As shown in fig. 6, the intelligent monitoring system in the cabin is used for positioning the cabin, performing remote communication, monitoring the environment and the dynamic state in the cabin, monitoring the vibration and the attitude of the cabin, controlling the medical door in the cabin, and simultaneously monitoring and alarming the states of the power utilization guarantee system, the heating ventilation system, the oxygen guarantee system and the air purification and disinfection system in the cabin in real time. The intelligent monitoring system reserves an access interface of the medical equipment and has the functions of equipment state information uploading, video transmission and remote consultation.
The above-mentioned intelligent monitoring system includes: the intelligent monitoring system comprises an intelligent sensing terminal for information acquisition and control, a rest room local monitoring console for comprehensive monitoring in a cabin, a user side remote monitoring center for remote monitoring of equipment to which a user belongs and a factory side remote monitoring system for remote monitoring of all factory equipment.
In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 7-8, a 40 foot container is selected as the outer enclosure of the container, which is selected to have an air leakage of 5.0m at an overpressure of 300Pa in the container 3 /min。
The cabin is internally provided with a cleaning area, a semi-polluted area and a polluted area in sequence.
Wherein be provided with rest facility and monitor terminal in clean area rest room, the equipment room is provided with the heating and ventilation unit, power supply device, UPS power and oxygenerator, and wherein power supply device adopts the diesel generating set who has RS485 communication interface. The rest room in the clean area is used for medical care rest and monitoring the whole set of equipment, and the equipment in the equipment room is used for providing sufficient electricity, gas, oxygen, medical treatment and environmental protection for the whole set of system.
The semi-polluted area mainly provides a buffer area for doctors and patients to avoid cross infection.
The pollution area is provided with four patient beds, a killing device and necessary medical equipment, four patients can be isolated, transported and treated at the same time, and in addition, the waterless packing type closestool is used between the independent toilets arranged on one sides of the patients, so that the secondary aerosol pollution caused by water is avoided.
Be equipped with the negative pressure stretcher in the disease room and be used for the transportation of plugging into of single disease, be equipped with the medical equipment interface between the disease for medical equipment state information uploads, video transmission and remote consultation.
The heating and ventilation system of the whole set of equipment comprises 1 fresh air treatment system, 6 independent exhaust systems and 1 heating and ventilation automatic control system, wherein the fresh air treatment system comprises an air inlet, a primary-medium-efficiency filtering section, a cold-hot coil pipe section, a variable-capacity direct-expansion air conditioner, an electric heating section, a humidity adjusting section, a fresh air fan, a flow equalizing section, a high-efficiency filtering section, an air volume valve and an air inlet.
The primary and secondary efficient filtering sections, the fresh air fan, the efficient filtering section, the cold and hot coil pipe sections, the air volume valve and the variable-volume direct expansion type air conditioner are arranged in the equipment room to form a main structure of the heating and ventilating unit.
The exhaust system comprises a plurality of exhaust killing modules, including an ultra-high efficiency filter, an air volume valve, a plasma killing device, an exhaust fan and an exhaust outlet.
The air exhaust fan is arranged at the air exhaust port.
The ultra-efficient filter and the plasma killing device are distributed at an air outlet of the exhaust system.
The heating and ventilation automatic control system comprises a negative pressure control system, a temperature control system and a humidity control system.
The fresh air processing system provides fresh air with adjustable air volume, and the air exhaust system is adjustable in air volume and matched with fresh air inlet to form negative pressure.
The heating ventilation system adopts a mode of 'centralized air supply and dispersed air exhaust', and air flow is ensured not to be cross-polluted by upper air supply and lower air discharge. In these embodiments, the heating and ventilation system controls the temperature between the patients, the buffer room and the rest room to be 20-28 ℃ and the relative humidity between the patients to be 30-70%.
The air purification and sterilization system is used for purifying and sterilizing air in the cabin and comprises an H13 high-efficiency filter used for a fresh air processing system, an exhaust super-high-efficiency filter and a plasma sterilization device which are used for an exhaust system and have a U15 grade, a small space sterilization device and a deep ultraviolet LED sterilization device which are used for purifying and sterilizing the air in the cabin.
Wherein, H13 high efficiency filter sets up in the high efficiency filter section of new trend processing system, filters the particle aerosol that the particle size is low to 0.3um, and filtration efficiency is greater than 99.97%.
The ultra-high efficiency exhaust filter with the U15 grade and the plasma sterilizing device are distributed at an exhaust outlet of the exhaust system to form an exhaust sterilizing module, the ultra-high efficiency filter filters particle aerosol with the particle size of 0.3um, the filtering efficiency is higher than 99.9995%, the plasma sterilizing device is used for disinfection and sterilization, the sterilizing rate is higher than or equal to 99.99%, and zero risk of external emission is ensured.
The small-space disinfection and sterilization device is arranged at the head of a patient bed, so that viruses discharged by the breath of the patient can be timely treated. The deep ultraviolet LED killing devices are respectively arranged on two door frames facing towards the ward room and on the door frame of the buffer room, the air in the upper space is irradiated by the deep ultraviolet light in the inclined upward direction, and the air aerosol is killed by utilizing the pulsation of the upper air.
The small space disinfection and sterilization device is provided with a primary filter layer, an ion field synergistic catalytic purification layer and a post-treatment layer, so that the circulating air in the cabin is clean and free from peculiar smell.
The air purification sterilizing system automatically sterilizes and regenerates the cabin after the equipment is used at each time, so that active sterilization of the whole space of the shelter and air exhaust is realized, and the rapid cyclic utilization of the isolation cabin is realized.
The oxygen guarantee system in the cabin adopts the modularized oxygen generator prying group to realize oxygen enrichment control in the cabin, and meets the requirement of supplying oxygen continuously for a long time according to needs. The patient room and the rest room are provided with a plurality of oxygen supply terminals and communicated with the monitoring center, so that the requirements of patients are met.
The power utilization guarantee system comprises a diesel generator set and a UPS (uninterrupted power supply) and is used for providing power support for the whole set of equipment. The diesel generator set is provided with an RS485 communication interface, and the diesel generator operation parameters are remotely uploaded to a monitoring platform for monitoring.
The medical equipment in the cabin is used for providing oxygen supply and vital sign monitoring for a transported patient and comprises a breathing machine, a defibrillator, an ECG monitor, portable ultrasound and an infusion pump.
The intelligent monitoring system in the cabin is used for positioning the cabin, remotely communicating, monitoring the environment and the dynamic state in the cabin, monitoring the vibration and the attitude of the cabin and controlling the medical door in the cabin, and simultaneously carries out real-time monitoring and alarming on the states of an electric power system, a heating and ventilation system, an oxygen generation system, a sterilization system and the like in the cabin. The intelligent monitoring system reserves an access interface of the medical equipment and has the functions of equipment state information uploading, video transmission and remote consultation.
The above-mentioned intelligent monitoring system includes: the system comprises an intelligent sensing terminal for information acquisition and control, a rest room local monitoring station for comprehensive monitoring in an cabin, a user side remote monitoring center for remote monitoring of equipment to which a user belongs, and a factory side remote monitoring system for remote monitoring of all factory equipment.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the heating and ventilation system, an automatic pressure sensor is arranged between negative pressures, so that the pressure inside and outside the cabin is monitored, and the air quantity of the air quantity valve is adjusted, thereby realizing accurate automatic control of the whole heating and ventilation system.
In some embodiments of the invention, a plurality of small emergency oxygen tanks are arranged in the cabin, and oxygen can be supplied to the space in emergency under the condition of emergency power failure.
In some embodiments of the invention, the water jacket heating equipment is mounted on the power supply device, so that the whole set of equipment can meet the use requirements of cold regions.
In some embodiments of the invention, a maintenance-free plateau special starting storage battery is adopted as a power supply device, so that the whole set of equipment can meet the use requirement of the plateau.
In addition to providing a modular container type biosafety isolation device, the technical scheme of the invention further provides a method for controlling the negative pressure of the internal partitions of the device and directing the airflow organization, as shown in fig. 9, the internal partitions of the modular container type biosafety isolation device are realized by adopting an airflow control mode of 'centralized air supply and dispersed air exhaust', and the method comprises the following specific steps:
designing cabin space according to a sensing and controlling process to ensure the pressure gradient and the air tightness of each area, respectively supplying air to each area through air inlets arranged in a clean area, a semi-polluted area and a polluted area, and ensuring the cleanliness of the inlet air after the inlet air of the air inlets is filtered by primary effect, intermediate effect and high efficiency; the air outlets arranged in the cleaning area, the semi-pollution area and the pollution area respectively exhaust air to the outside, the frequency of an air exhaust fan in the air outlet and the angle of an air volume valve are controlled, and negative pressure is formed by utilizing the air volume difference between air inflow and air displacement.
The negative pressure among the negative pressures in the cabin is controlled as follows: minimum static pressure difference between the patient and the outside is-20 Pa; minimum static pressure difference between the toilet and the outside is-25 Pa; the minimum static pressure difference between the buffer room and the outdoor is-10 Pa; the minimum static pressure difference between the rest room and the outdoor is-5 Pa; the minimum number of air changes per area was 12/hr.
When internal negative pressure control is carried out, a pressure difference fine regulation and control technology based on dynamic environment change is adopted, a pressure sensor, a variable frequency fan, a variable air volume valve and a check valve are selected as an induction and execution mechanism, air supply and exhaust volume is adjusted in real time according to pressure data of different functional areas through a heating and ventilation control system, gradient negative pressure formed in a cabin is controlled, and the design of a negative pressure control system with high stability and high reliability is realized.
The above embodiments are provided only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, therefore, all equivalent technical solutions should also fall within the scope of the present invention, and should be defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a biological safety isolation of modularization container formula is equipped which characterized in that: the safety isolation equipment comprises a container type cabin body, a function partition and a support system;
the cabin structure of the container type biological safety isolation equipment is a standard 40-foot or 20-foot container;
the functional partition is positioned in the cabin body and comprises a clean area, a semi-polluted area and a polluted area;
the clean area, the semi-polluted area and the polluted area comprise different negative pressure rooms;
the cleaning area negative pressure room comprises a rest room and an equipment room:
the rest room comprises office tables and chairs, folding chairs, air inlets, air outlets and monitoring terminals and is used for rest and internal monitoring;
the equipment in the equipment room comprises: the system comprises a heating ventilation unit, a variable-capacity direct-expansion air conditioner, a power supply unit, a distribution box, a commercial power cable tray, an oxygen cylinder and an oxygen generator;
the negative pressure chamber of the semi-polluted area is a buffer chamber which is used as a buffer for the polluted area and the clean area and comprises an interlocking door, a storage cabinet, a pedal type garbage can, a killing device, an air inlet and an air outlet;
the negative pressure room of the polluted area comprises a patient room and a toilet:
wherein, the patient room is used for collecting, treating, isolating or transporting patients or suspected patients and comprises a bed, a seat, an air outlet, an air inlet, a medical belt, a medical equipment shelf, a medical article storage bag and a killing device, which can be fastened and fixed;
the toilet is used by patients or suspected patients and comprises a water-free packing closestool, water-free hand sanitizer and an air outlet;
the supporting system of the modularized container type biological safety isolation equipment comprises a heating ventilation system, an air purification and sterilization system, an oxygen guarantee system in a cabin, an electricity utilization guarantee system, medical equipment and an intelligent monitoring system;
the heating and ventilation system comprises a fresh air processing system, an exhaust system and a heating and ventilation automatic control system;
the fresh air processing system comprises an air inlet, a primary-medium-efficiency filtering section, a cold-hot coil pipe section, a variable-capacity direct-expansion air conditioner, an electric heating section, a humidity adjusting section, a fresh air fan, a flow equalizing section, a high-efficiency filtering section, an air volume valve and an air inlet;
the primary medium-efficiency filtering section, the fresh air fan, the high-efficiency filtering section, the cold and hot coil pipe section, the air volume valve and the variable-volume direct expansion type air conditioner are arranged in the equipment room to form a main structure of the heating and ventilating unit;
the exhaust system comprises a plurality of exhaust killing modules, including an ultra-high efficiency filter, an air volume valve, a plasma killing device, an exhaust fan and an exhaust outlet;
the air exhaust fan is arranged in the air exhaust port;
the ultra-efficient filter and the plasma killing device are distributed at an air outlet of the exhaust system;
the heating and ventilation automatic control system comprises a negative pressure control system, a temperature control system and a humidity control system;
the fresh air processing system provides fresh air with adjustable air volume, and the air volume of the exhaust system is adjustable and matched with the fresh air intake to form negative pressure;
the heating ventilation system adopts a mode of centralized air supply and dispersed air exhaust;
the air purification and sterilization system is used for purifying and sterilizing air in the cabin and comprises an H13 high-efficiency filter used for the fresh air processing system, an exhaust super-high-efficiency filter and a plasma sterilization device which are used for the exhaust system and have a U15 grade, and a small space disinfection and sterilization device and a deep ultraviolet LED sterilization device which are used for purifying and sterilizing the air in the cabin;
the H13 high-efficiency filter is arranged at the high-efficiency filtering section of the fresh air processing system and is used for filtering particle aerosol with the particle size of 0.3 um;
the U15-grade ultra-high efficiency exhaust filter and the plasma killing device are distributed at the air outlet of the exhaust system to form an exhaust killing module, the U15-grade ultra-high efficiency exhaust filter filters particle aerosol with the particle size of 0.3um, and the plasma killing device is used for disinfecting and sterilizing the particle aerosol penetrating through the ultra-high efficiency filter;
the small space disinfection and sterilization device is arranged at the head part of the patient bed;
the deep ultraviolet LED killing device is respectively arranged on the two door frames facing towards the patient room and the door frame of the buffer room, the deep ultraviolet light irradiates the air in the upper space in an inclined upward direction, and the air aerosol is killed by utilizing the pulsation of the upper air;
the small space disinfection and sterilization device is provided with a three-layer filtering structure of a primary filter layer, an ion field synergistic catalysis purification layer and a post-treatment layer;
the oxygen guarantee system in the cabin adopts a modularized oxygen generator prying group to realize oxygen enrichment control in the cabin, and a plurality of oxygen supply terminals are arranged between the patients and the rest room and are communicated with the intelligent monitoring system to meet the requirements of the patients;
the power utilization guarantee system comprises a power supply device and a UPS (uninterrupted power supply) and is used for providing power support for the whole set of equipment;
the medical equipment in the cabin is used for providing basic life support conditions for transporting patients and carrying out matching according to users and specific tasks;
the intelligent monitoring system in the cabin is used for positioning the cabin, remotely communicating, monitoring the environment and the dynamic state in the cabin, monitoring the vibration and the attitude of the cabin and controlling the medical door in the cabin, and simultaneously monitoring and alarming the states of an electricity utilization guarantee system, a heating and ventilation system, an oxygen guarantee system and an air purification and disinfection system in the cabin in real time;
the intelligent monitoring system reserves an access interface of the medical equipment and has the functions of equipment state information uploading, video transmission and remote consultation;
the intelligent monitoring system comprises: the intelligent monitoring system comprises an intelligent sensing terminal for information acquisition and control, a rest room local monitoring console for comprehensive monitoring in a cabin, a user side remote monitoring center for remote monitoring of equipment to which a user belongs and a factory side remote monitoring system for remote monitoring of all factory equipment.
2. A modular container-based bio-safety isolation kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the overpressure of the cabin body of the container type biological safety isolation equipment is 300Pa, the air leakage amount is not higher than 6.0m 3 /min。
3. A modular container-style biosafety isolation kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the heating and ventilation system, automatic pressure sensors are arranged among the negative pressures to monitor the internal and external pressures of the cabin body and adjust the flow of the air volume valve.
4. A modular container-style biosafety isolation kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heating and ventilation system in the cabin comprises 1 set of fresh air processing system, 6 sets of independent exhaust system and 1 set of heating and ventilation automatic control system.
5. A modular container-style biosafety isolation kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the power supply device in the power utilization guarantee system comprises one or more of a diesel generator set, a lithium battery and a fuel cell;
the power supply device is provided with an RS485 communication interface and is used for being connected with the intelligent monitoring system and remotely uploading the operating parameters of the power supply device to the intelligent monitoring system for monitoring.
6. A modular container-style biosafety isolation kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a water jacket heating device is mounted on the power supply device.
7. A modular container-style biosafety isolation kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a maintenance-free plateau special starting storage battery is adopted as the power supply device.
8. A modular container-style biosafety isolation kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a plurality of small emergency oxygen tanks are arranged in the cabin body.
9. A modular container-based bio-safety isolation kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the medical equipment in the cabin comprises one or more of a breathing machine, a defibrillator, an ECG monitor, portable ultrasound and an infusion pump.
10. A negative pressure control and directional airflow organization method in a cabin body of a modularized container type biological safety isolation device is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is used for negative pressure control and directional air flow organization inside the biosafety isolation device as claimed in claims 1-9, and particularly comprises the following steps: the air flow control mode of 'centralized air supply and dispersed air exhaust' is adopted to realize the subarea negative pressure control and the directional air flow organization of the biosafety isolation equipment, air is respectively supplied to each area through air inlets arranged in the clean area, the semi-pollution area and the pollution area, and the air inlet of the air inlets is filtered by primary effect, intermediate effect and high efficiency, so that the air inlet cleanliness is ensured; exhausting air respectively through air outlets arranged in the cleaning area, the semi-pollution area and the pollution area, controlling the frequency of the air exhaust fan and the angle of an air volume valve, and utilizing the air volume difference gradient negative pressure of air inflow and air discharge;
negative pressure among all negative pressures in the cabin should be controlled at: minimum static pressure difference between the patient and the outside is-20 Pa; minimum static pressure difference between the toilet and the outside is-25 Pa; the minimum static pressure difference between the buffer room and the outdoor space is-10 Pa; the minimum static pressure difference between the rest room and the outdoor is-5 Pa; the minimum ventilation times of each area are 12 times/hour;
when internal negative pressure control is carried out, a pressure difference fine regulation and control technology based on dynamic environment change is adopted, a pressure sensor, a variable frequency fan, an air quantity variable valve and a check valve are selected to serve as induction and execution mechanisms, air supply and exhaust amount is adjusted in real time according to pressure data of different functional areas through the heating and ventilation control system, and gradient negative pressure formed in the cabin is controlled.
CN202210636645.9A 2022-06-07 2022-06-07 Container type biosafety isolation device and negative pressure control and airflow organization method thereof Active CN115228002B (en)

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