CN115224704B - Time-sharing multiplexing peak regulation and frequency modulation power station constructed based on hybrid energy storage and control method - Google Patents
Time-sharing multiplexing peak regulation and frequency modulation power station constructed based on hybrid energy storage and control method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1C=CC(C(O)=O)=C[C@H]1O HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N permethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(Cl)Cl)C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/30—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to a time-sharing multiplexing peak regulation and frequency modulation power station constructed based on hybrid energy storage and a control method thereof, comprising a plurality of capacity type energy storage modules and a plurality of power type energy storage modules which are connected in parallel on a low-voltage direct current bus of the same DC/AC converter, wherein each capacity type energy storage module and each power type energy storage module under the same DC/AC converter are respectively connected on the low-voltage direct current bus of the same DC/AC converter through the DC/DC modules; the alternating current ends of at least two DC/AC converters are commonly connected to the low-voltage side of the same split transformer, the high-voltage side of the split transformer is connected to an alternating current bus in the station, and the alternating current bus in the station is connected to a power grid after being boosted by a step-up transformer. The energy storage power station constructed by the invention can exert the maximum efficacy, realize primary frequency modulation in real time, efficiently consume self-discharge energy of the capacity energy storage module, and realize the black start power supply function without additionally configuring UPS.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a time-sharing multiplexing peak regulation and frequency modulation power station constructed based on hybrid energy storage and a control method.
Background
The peak regulation and frequency modulation power station constructed based on the energy storage technology can play a role in peak clipping and valley filling of the power grid, and becomes one of the hot fields of research in recent years. The existing peak regulation and frequency modulation power station constructed based on the energy storage technology can be divided into a power station constructed by a single type of energy storage technology and a power station constructed based on a hybrid energy storage technology.
For a single type of energy storage power station, a capacity type energy storage device, such as an all-vanadium redox flow battery, is mainly used. The flow battery energy storage power station is used as a grid-connected power supply, a primary frequency modulation function is needed, and the primary frequency modulation function is needed to be automatically input. However, the current flow battery energy storage power station operates according to a planned curve control mode, and the total station is in a cold standby state in a non-operating state, namely, the battery and mechanical devices in the power station are stopped, and the variable-current and boosting equipment in the power station is in a silent standby state, so that the self-power consumption is reduced to the maximum extent. The cold standby state is changed into the running state, and at least more than 90 seconds of starting time is needed for the large energy storage power station, so that the single type energy storage power station is difficult to realize the primary frequency modulation function in real time, and in the cold standby state, the current transforming and boosting device is in an idle state, and the power station does not exert the maximum efficacy to cause certain resource waste.
In addition, the current market mature standard product of the flow battery has lower direct-current side voltage platform, and the alternating-current voltage inverted by the converter is also lower, so that the system current of the high-capacity energy storage power station is large and the loss is high; when the flow battery system operates, electrolyte solution is uniformly distributed into single cells of each electric pile through a circulating pump, a pipeline and other conveying systems, so that battery charging and discharging are realized, but when the battery stops operating, the electrolyte solution in the single cells of the electric pile is used as an ion conductor, and a conductive path can be formed in a common flow passage among the electric pile modules, so that leakage current is generated, a self-discharging field is generated, a self-discharging phenomenon occurs, and the service life of the battery can be influenced if the self-discharging energy is not consumed. The self-discharge power generated by the whole flow battery energy storage power station is more than 4% of the rated power of the system, and the energy of the self-discharge power station is not effectively utilized and is lost.
Moreover, the flow battery energy storage power station is large in capacity generally, is suitable for being used as a black start power supply when a power grid fails, and is used for transmitting power to a power generation unit without self-starting capability, so that the whole-grid orderly power supply is gradually restored. However, in the current state of cold standby of the flow battery, the black start function needs to be realized by additionally configuring a UPS (uninterrupted Power supply) to realize the self-start of the flow battery, and the black start working condition is a special working condition, so that the initial investment construction and daily operation and maintenance cost of the power station can be additionally increased by installing the UPS.
For a power station constructed by the hybrid energy storage technology, the power type energy storage device and the capacity type energy storage device are coupled to an alternating current side, and electric secondary equipment such as current transformation, voltage boosting, switching and protection of each type of energy storage device are respectively and independently arranged, the whole hybrid energy storage architecture is connected with the two types of energy storage devices only to simply stack, a unified voltage output platform is not formed, self-discharge energy during the shutdown of the capacity type energy storage device (such as a flow battery) cannot be recovered, the configuration relation between the power type energy storage device and the capacity type energy storage device is also related to whether primary frequency modulation can be realized in real time, and the problems set forth above cannot be well solved in the power station constructed by the hybrid energy storage disclosed in the prior art, so that a large optimization space exists in the conventional hybrid energy storage power station.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention firstly discloses a time-sharing multiplexing peak regulation and frequency modulation power station which is applicable to a power grid side and is constructed based on hybrid energy storage, wherein an all-vanadium redox flow battery module and a power type energy storage module are coupled to the same direct current side, and a direct current output voltage platform is unified, so that the power station can exert maximum effectiveness, realize primary frequency modulation in real time, efficiently consume self-discharge energy of the all-vanadium redox flow battery, and realize a black start power supply function without additionally configuring a UPS.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The time-sharing multiplexing peak regulation and frequency modulation power station based on the hybrid energy storage construction comprises a plurality of all-vanadium redox flow battery modules and a plurality of power type energy storage modules which are connected in parallel on the low-voltage direct current bus of the same DC/AC converter, wherein each all-vanadium redox flow battery module and each power type energy storage module under the same DC/AC converter are respectively connected to the low-voltage direct current bus of the same DC/AC converter through respective DC/DC modules; the alternating current ends of at least two DC/AC converters are commonly connected to the low voltage side of the same split transformer, the high voltage sides of a plurality of groups of split transformers are connected in parallel to an alternating current bus in the station, and the alternating current bus in the station is connected to a power grid after being boosted by a booster transformer;
The capacity configuration of the DC/AC converter, the DC/DC module, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module, the power type energy storage module and the split transformer connected under the same split transformer is determined according to the following formula (1):
In the formula, E DCDC、EVRB、Ex、Exmin、EPCS、Etr respectively represents the capacity of the DC/DC module, the capacity of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module, the capacity of the power type energy storage module which can be selected to be the smallest, the capacity of the DC/AC converter and the capacity of the split transformer;
u DChigh is the output voltage of the high-voltage side of the DC/DC module;
u DClow is the input voltage at the low side of the DC/DC module;
U VRB is the output voltage of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module;
n 1、n2 are the number of all vanadium redox flow battery modules and the number of power type energy storage modules respectively.
Further, the output voltage of the low-voltage direct current bus of the DC/AC converter is 1500V, and the output voltage of the alternating current bus in the station is 35kV.
The invention also discloses a control method of the time-sharing multiplexing peak regulation and frequency modulation power station based on the hybrid energy storage construction, which comprises the following steps:
the control modes of the peak regulation and frequency modulation power station comprise a planned curve control mode, a primary frequency modulation control mode and a black start control mode;
The method comprises the steps that the system control instruction of peak clipping and valley filling of a power grid is responded by the vanadium redox flow battery module when the system control instruction is operated in a planned curve control mode; the method comprises the steps that the power type energy storage module is operated in a primary frequency modulation control mode, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is in a cold standby state, and the power type energy storage module responds to a power grid frequency modulation regulation command; after the power grid or the power station fails accidentally, the power grid or the power station operates in a black start control mode, and the full vanadium redox flow battery module and the power type energy storage module cooperate in the black start control mode to finish the self-starting of the power station and the power supply recovery of the power grid together;
judging whether to enter a black start control mode after the control system is started, if so, controlling the power station according to the black start control mode, and exiting after the mode operation is completed; if not, judging whether to enter a planning curve control mode; if the power station enters the planned curve control mode, the power station is controlled according to the planned curve control mode, the power station exits after the operation of the mode is completed, and if the power station exits, whether the primary frequency modulation control mode is entered is judged; if the primary frequency modulation control mode is entered, the power station is controlled according to the primary frequency modulation control mode, the power station exits after the mode operation is completed, and if the mode operation is not completed, the power station exits the system and then is judged again.
Further, the planning curve control mode is divided into a peak clipping mode and a valley filling mode, after the planning curve control mode is determined to be entered, whether the peak clipping mode or the valley filling mode is selected is judged, and after the determining, a control strategy is executed according to the corresponding mode;
After the peak clipping mode is selected, the zero voltage of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is started, the DC/DC module connected with the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is conducted, the DC/AC converter works in the PQ mode, and the planned output power of the power station is shared by all the all-vanadium redox flow battery modules in the power station according to the formula (2):
p v Put and put ＝Pv Total put /N1 (formula 2)
In the above formula, P v Put and put is the discharge power of a single all-vanadium redox flow battery module, and the unit is kW;
P v Total put is the planned output discharge power of the power station, and the unit is kW;
N 1 is the total number of all-vanadium redox flow battery modules in the power station;
After the valley filling mode is selected, the zero voltage of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is started, the DC/DC module connected with the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is conducted, the DC/AC converter works in the rectifying mode, and the planned output power of the power station is shared by all the all-vanadium redox flow battery modules in the power station according to the formula (3):
p v Filling material ＝Pv Total filling /N1 (equation 3)
In the above formula, P v Filling material is the charging power of a single all-vanadium redox flow battery module, and the unit is kW;
P v Total filling is the planned output charging power of the power station, and the unit is kW.
Further, under the planned curve control mode, the DC/AC converter and each DC/DC module are cooperatively controlled based on the state of charge balance of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module, wherein the d-axis of the DC/AC converter adopts a double-loop control mode of a direct-current bus voltage outer loop and a current inner loop, and the q-axis of the DC/AC converter adopts current single-loop control; all DC/DC modules are controlled by a single current loop.
Further, the output value of a local equalization module of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is used as a feedforward quantity for control, so that the state of charge of all-vanadium redox flow battery modules corresponding to each of a plurality of DC/DC modules connected under the same DC/AC converter is consistent; the charge states of all vanadium redox flow battery modules in the power station are controlled to be consistent through the whole station equalizing module; and the DC/DC module is controlled by the amplitude limiting module to always operate within rated power when the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is balanced.
Further, in the primary frequency modulation control mode, the power station operates in a valley filling mode, the power type energy storage module is started at zero voltage, the DC/DC module connected with the power type energy storage module is conducted, and the DC/AC converter operates in a PQ mode;
the scheduling AGC main station issues an AGC real-time instruction to an EMS system of the power station, and the power station EMS system performs charge and discharge control on the power type energy storage module according to the AGC issuing instruction; the EMS system realizes primary frequency modulation in a cluster control mode, and the EMS system transmits charge and discharge power and power quota information of the power type energy storage module to the master station.
Further, the charging and discharging power of the power station and the charging and discharging power of the single power type energy storage module are determined according to a formula (4):
In the above formula, P EMS is the charging and discharging power of the power station EMS response scheduling master station, and when the charging and discharging power is smaller than 0, the power station is in a charging state; when the period is more than 0, the power station is in a discharge state, and the unit is kW;
P AGC is the instruction power of the scheduling AGC main station, and the unit is kW;
f min is the minimum frequency of the system, in Hz;
f max is the maximum frequency of the system, and the unit is Hz;
f is the real-time frequency of the system, and the unit is Hz;
m is the slope of the sagging curve;
P xref is the charge and discharge reference power of the single power energy storage module, and when the reference power is smaller than 0, the power energy storage module is in a charging state; when the power type energy storage module is larger than 0, the power type energy storage module is in a discharging state, and the unit is kW;
SOCx is the real-time state of charge of a single power energy storage module;
The SOCx Total (S) is the real-time state of charge of all power energy storage modules in the entire plant.
Further, the respective device start-up sequences in the black start control mode are as follows:
S1: the power type energy storage module in the power station is firstly started up automatically, and then the power type energy storage module supplies power for the all-vanadium redox flow battery module BMS and related equipment in the power station;
S2: after the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is started from zero voltage, supporting the bus voltage in the station of the power station, so that the DC/DC module operates under the control of stable DC bus voltage;
S3: the all-vanadium redox flow battery module supports the voltage of a bus in a plant connected with a power plant, so that the DC/AC converter operates under the control of VSG;
S4: starting a unit in a power plant adjacent to the power station;
S5: and after the synchronous closing is finished, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is out of operation or is converted into PQ control and then is operated in a grid-connected mode according to a planned curve control mode.
Further, in the black start control mode, the DC/DC module is combined with the charge state of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module connected with the DC/DC module, a local equalization control strategy is adopted to support the low-voltage direct-current side bus voltage of the DC/AC converter, the DC/AC converter is controlled by a virtual synchronous motor, and a frequency-active droop control mode is adopted in the virtual synchronous motor control strategy.
The novel hybrid energy storage power station constructed by the invention has the peak regulation frequency modulation time-sharing multiplexing function, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module and the power energy storage module are coupled to the same direct current side, and the direct current output voltage platform is unified, so that the defect that the command requirement of a dispatching department cannot be responded in time in the cold standby state of the redox flow battery is overcome, the real-time primary frequency modulation function is realized, and the coupled all-vanadium redox flow battery module and the power energy storage module can be cooperatively matched to effectively respond to the dispatching command of peak regulation and frequency modulation of a power grid.
In the power station constructed by the invention, based on the embedded design of integrating the flow battery standard module and the DC/DC module, the medium-voltage output of DC1500V on the direct current side and the cooperative polymerization of a plurality of DC/DC and MW-level high-Power Converters (PCS) are realized, the capacity of a single flow battery energy storage module is improved, the number of primary and secondary electric equipment such as current transformation, voltage boosting, air exhaust and protection can be greatly reduced, the overall layout of the power station is optimized, the building structure of the power station is improved, and the civil engineering quantity and the initial investment cost are greatly reduced.
In the power station constructed by the invention, a primary frequency modulation control mode is added on the basis of a traditional 'planning curve control mode' of the flow battery energy storage power station, so that the frequency modulation function of the original 'cold standby' idle state of the flow battery energy storage power station is replaced, the two modes can be realized by sharing one set of equipment such as current transformation, current collection and protection, the utilization hours of the flow battery energy storage power station are increased, the maximum efficacy of equipment in the power station can be exerted, and the resource waste is avoided.
In the power station constructed by the invention, when the power type energy storage module effectively absorbs the self-discharge energy remained in the electric pile of the flow battery energy storage module in a non-planning curve control mode, the power type energy storage module is used for carrying out real-time primary frequency modulation on the electric power network, the utilization of residual electricity is realized, and the income is increased.
In the power station constructed by the invention, the output voltage platform of the flow battery is improved to a mature 1500V voltage platform, the short plates with low output voltage, large output current and large heating value of the original flow battery are improved, an additional ventilation and temperature reduction device is not required to be additionally arranged, a DC/DC module in topology can be embedded into a prefabricated cabin of a galvanic pile, the flow battery outputs 1500V direct current outwards, and the flow battery is convenient to be practically applied in more scenes.
In the power station constructed by the invention, the power type energy storage module additionally arranged in the power station can be used for supporting the direct current bus voltage when necessary, so that the flow battery is started, the power station does not need to be additionally provided with a UPS, the power station is beneficial to saving the site of the power station, and unnecessary investment, operation and maintenance and labor cost are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a topology architecture of a megawatt time-sharing multiplexing peak-shaving frequency modulation power station constructed based on hybrid energy storage in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a topology under a set of split transformers of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a plant control method constructed in the examples;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the energy flow of an embodiment of a power plant operating in a peak clipping mode;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the energy flow of the power plant operating in the valley fill mode according to the embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a control process of the DC/AC converter and the DC/DC module when the power station is operated in the planned curve control mode in the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the power flow of the power plant operating in a primary frequency modulation control mode according to an embodiment;
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a control process of the DC/AC converter and the DC/DC module when the power station is operated in the primary frequency modulation control mode in the embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the power flow of the power plant operating in the black start control mode according to the embodiment;
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a control process of the DC/AC converter and the DC/DC module when the power station is operated in the black start control mode in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
The embodiment firstly discloses a time division multiplexing peak regulation and frequency modulation power station constructed based on hybrid energy storage, which is not only suitable for a hundred megawatt energy storage power station at a power grid side, but also suitable for a railway traction power supply system and a large-scale photovoltaic power station, and takes the hundred megawatt energy storage power station serving the power grid side as an example, wherein fig. 1 and 2 show a topological structure by taking 1MW level as an example.
Considering that the peak regulation and frequency modulation power station in the embodiment can serve the power grid side, in order to reduce the loss in the station as much as possible, the in-station alternating current bus of the peak regulation and frequency modulation power station in the embodiment has the output voltage of 35kV, and the in-station alternating current bus of 35kV is connected with a step-up transformer and is connected to the 220kV alternating current bus of the power grid side after step-up. The in-station AC bus of 35kV is connected with a plurality of groups of split transformers in parallel, the high-voltage side of each group of split transformers is connected to the in-station AC bus, the low-voltage side of each group of split transformers is at least connected with two DC/AC converters (hereinafter referred to as PCS), the low-voltage DC bus of each PCS is connected with a plurality of all-vanadium redox flow battery modules (hereinafter referred to as VRB) and a plurality of power type energy storage modules in parallel, each VRB and each power type energy storage module under the same PCS are respectively connected to the low-voltage DC bus of the same PCS through respective DC/DC modules, and the output voltage of the low-voltage DC bus of the PCS in the embodiment is unified to be 1500V.
In this embodiment, the split transformer is a double split transformer, where "VRB" in the drawing refers to an all-vanadium redox flow battery module, and the power energy storage module is one of a lithium battery, a flywheel, and a super capacitor (where "X" in the drawing refers to a power energy storage module), or is formed by combining at least two different types of the above-mentioned components, and besides the above-mentioned three power energy storage batteries, other components with power energy storage may also be used.
In the power station, the VRB is mainly used for realizing release and storage of electric energy in a planned curve control mode; the power type energy storage module is mainly used for realizing release and storage of electric energy when the power station operates in a primary frequency modulation control mode; the DC/DC module is connected with the corresponding energy storage module to realize the charge and discharge of the energy storage module; the PCS is used for realizing the conversion of alternating current and direct current; the double split transformer is used for realizing PCS confluence boosting.
In order to realize that when the VRB is in a cold standby state, the power station can still realize the primary peak shaving function, the capacity configuration of related equipment hung under the same group of split transformers needs to meet certain requirements, otherwise, the replacement of the real-time primary peak shaving function cannot be realized. In determining the corresponding device capacity, consideration is given in accordance with the principles given below:
the capacity of PCS is to adapt to the capacity of VRB, and the capacity of transformer is to adapt to the capacity of all PCS;
b. The primary frequency modulation power change of the energy storage power station is considered, the limiting limit is not less than 20% of rated active power when necessary, the economical efficiency is optimal, and the ratio of the VRB to the power type energy storage module is determined;
And c, the high-voltage side output of the DC/DC module is 1500V, and the VRB output needs to be matched with the low-voltage side input of the DC/DC module.
Based on the principle, the capacity configurations of the PCS, the DC/DC module, the VRB, the power type energy storage module and the split transformer connected under the same split transformer are determined according to the following formula (1):
In the above formula, E DCDC、EVRB、Ex、Exmin、EPCS、Etr represents the capacity of the DC/DC module, the capacity of the VRB, the capacity of the power type energy storage module with the smallest selectable value, the capacity of the PCS and the capacity of the split transformer respectively;
u DChigh is the output voltage of the high-voltage side of the DC/DC module;
u DClow is the input voltage at the low side of the DC/DC module;
U VRB is the output voltage of VRB;
n 1、n2 is the number of VRBs and the number of power storage modules, respectively.
The embodiment also discloses a specific control method of the peak-shaving and frequency-modulating power station, and as shown in fig. 3 to 10, the control modes of the peak-shaving and frequency-modulating power station are divided into a planned curve control mode, a primary frequency-modulating control mode and a black start control mode. For the system regulation and control instruction of the VRB responding to the peak clipping and valley filling of the power grid when the VRB operates in the planning curve control mode; when the power grid frequency modulation control system is operated in a primary frequency modulation control mode, the VRB is in a cold standby state, and the power type energy storage module responds to a power grid frequency modulation control instruction; when the power grid or the power station encounters unexpected power failure or an emergency state, the power station operates in a black start control mode, and the VRB and the power type energy storage module in the black start control mode need to cooperate to jointly complete the self-starting of the power station and the power supply recovery of the power grid.
The control method of the power station is shown in figure 3, after the control system is started, whether the black start control mode is entered is judged, if yes, the power station is controlled according to the black start control mode, and the mode is exited after the operation is completed; if not, judging whether to enter a planning curve control mode. The planning curve control mode can be divided into a peak clipping mode and a valley filling mode, which mode needs to be entered is determined according to the operation period of the power grid, the corresponding mode is entered and then is controlled according to the corresponding control strategy, and the operation is completed. If the primary frequency modulation control mode is entered, the power station is controlled according to the primary frequency modulation control mode, the mode is exited after the operation is completed, and if the primary frequency modulation control mode is not entered, the system is exited and then the judgment is carried out again. Specific control modes of the above three control modes will be described below, respectively.
Description of "planned curve control mode": the plan curve control mode (also called peak-valley clipping mode) is a peak-valley tracking plan curve formulated according to regional peak-valley electricity price or power grid peak regulation requirements by considering the characteristics of VRB, and sets the charge and discharge power in peak time periods, valley time periods and corresponding time periods. When the power consumption peak period is in, the power station discharge realizes peak clipping; when the power station is in the electricity consumption valley period, the power station is charged to realize valley filling.
Description of the start-up sequence of a plant in peak clipping mode (see fig. 4):
(1) Zero voltage starting of the VRB;
(2) The DC/DC module connected with the VRB is conducted, and the PCS works in a PQ mode;
(3) The planned output power of the power station is shared by all VRBs in the power station according to the formula (2):
p v Put and put ＝Pv Total put /N1 (formula 2)
In the above formula, P v Put and put is the discharge power of a single VRB, and the unit is kW;
P v Total put is the planned output discharge power of the power station, and the unit is kW;
N 1 is the total number of VRBs in the plant.
(4) The system is run until the next mode of operation.
Description of the start-up sequence of the plant in the valley fill mode (see fig. 5):
(1) Zero voltage starting of the VRB;
(2) The DC/DC module connected with the VRB is conducted, and the PCS works in a rectification mode;
(3) The planned output power of the power station is shared by all VRBs in the power station according to a formula (3):
p v Filling material ＝Pv Total filling /N1 (equation 3)
In the above formula, P v Filling material is the charging power of a single all-vanadium redox flow battery module, and the unit is kW;
P v Total filling is the planned output charging power of the power station, and the unit is kW.
(4) The system is run until the next mode of operation.
In order to ensure that each device in the power station can accurately respond to the output requirement in the planned curve control mode, the PCS needs to be matched with a plurality of DC/DC modules hung below the PCS, and because the coordination control methods of the PCS and the DC/DC modules in each energy storage module are basically consistent, the control of the ith PCS and m DC/DC modules hung below the PCS in the ith energy storage module is shown as an example in FIG. 6, and a cooperative control method based on VRB charge state equalization is provided. As can be seen from fig. 6, the d-axis of the PCS adopts a dual-loop control mode of the outer loop and the inner loop of the dc bus voltage, so as to ensure the real-time stability of the dc bus voltage. And the q-axis of the PCS realizes the regulation and control of the reactive power of the PCS through current single loop control. The M DC/DC modules all adopt current single loop control to realize the charge or discharge of the battery. The output value of the VRB local equalization module is used as a feedforward quantity for control, so that the charge states of VRB corresponding to m DC/DC modules connected under the same PCS are consistent; the charge states of all VRBs in the power station are controlled to be consistent through the whole station equalizing module; the limiting module is used for controlling the DC/DC module to always operate within rated power when VRB equalization is performed.
The meaning of the individual parameters in fig. 6 is illustrated as follows:
u dcrefii is the reference voltage, V, of the ith PCS direct current bus in the ith energy storage module;
U dcii is the actual voltage of the PCS DC side bus of the ith station in the ith energy storage module, V;
U gaii、Ugbii、Ugcii is the three-phase voltage of the net side and V respectively;
u abcii、Iabcii is the output voltage and current of the ith PCS in the i energy storage modules, V and A respectively;
e gdii is the d-axis equivalent voltage, V of the i-th PCS network side in the i-th energy storage module;
Q refii is the i-th PCS reference reactive power in the i energy storage modules, var;
omega g is the grid angular frequency, rad/s;
theta gii is the electric angle of the phase lock of the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module, and rad;
l gii is the internal inductance of the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module, H;
P ref is the reference power, kW;
I drefii、Idii,Iqreii、Iqii is the d and q current reference values and the actual value A of the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module respectively;
U gdii、Ugqii is the d and q voltages, V, of the electrical port of the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module;
s 1ii～S6ii is a pulse control signal of an ith PCS in the ith energy storage module;
n is the total PCS number of the energy storage power station;
m is the total number of the DC/DC of the energy storage power station;
U dcii1、Udciim is the direct current voltage, V, of the 1 st to the m th energy storage modules of the ith energy storage module under the ith PCS respectively;
I VRBii1、IVRBiim is the 1 st to m th VRB current, A, under the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module;
SOC ii1、SOCiim is the 1 st to m th VRB states of charge, respectively;
SOC avgii is the average charge state of the 1 st to the m-th VRB under the i-th PCS in the i-th energy storage module;
D ii11、Dii12 is a pulse control signal of DC/DC corresponding to the 1 st VRB under the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module;
D iim1、Diim2 is a pulse control signal of the corresponding DC/DC of the mth VRB under the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module.
Description of "primary frequency modulation control mode": the primary frequency modulation control mode is characterized in that the characteristic of the power type energy storage module is considered, the dispatching center AGC (Automatic Generation Control) master station system periodically transmits an AGC real-time instruction to the energy storage power station EMS system through a dispatching data network, the EMS performs standing, charging and discharging control and the like on the power type energy storage module according to the AGC real-time instruction transmitted by dispatching, in the control process, the EMS senses the power grid frequency change in real time through a coordination control technology and centrally controls PCS clusters, all PCS charging and discharging control instructions are uniformly transmitted through a cluster control technology, the PCS always works in a P-Q mode, and interactive signals such as actual charging and discharging power and power quota and the like of the power type energy storage module are transmitted to the dispatching center in real time. The operation of the "primary frequency modulation control mode" corresponds to the "valley fill mode" given above.
The starting sequence of the power station in the "primary frequency modulation control mode" is as follows (refer to fig. 7):
(1) Zero-voltage starting of the power type energy storage module;
(2) The DC/DC module connected with the power energy storage module is conducted, and the PCS works in a PQ mode;
(3) The scheduling AGC main station transmits an AGC real-time instruction to an energy storage power station EMS system;
(4) The power station EMS performs charge and discharge control on the power type energy storage module according to the AGC issuing instruction, the EMS realizes primary frequency modulation through a cluster control technology, and the charge and discharge power of the power station and the charge and discharge power of a single power type energy storage module are determined according to a formula (4):
In the above formula, P EMS is the charging and discharging power of the power station EMS response scheduling master station, and when the charging and discharging power is smaller than 0, the power station is in a charging state; when the period is more than 0, the power station is in a discharge state, and the unit is kW;
P AGC is the instruction power of the scheduling AGC main station, and the unit is kW;
f min is the minimum frequency of the system, in Hz;
f max is the maximum frequency of the system, and the unit is Hz;
f is the real-time frequency of the system, and the unit is Hz;
m is the slope of the sagging curve;
P xref is the charge and discharge reference power of the single power energy storage module, and when the reference power is smaller than 0, the power energy storage module is in a charging state; when the power type energy storage module is larger than 0, the power type energy storage module is in a discharging state, and the unit is kW;
SOCx is the real-time state of charge of a single power energy storage module;
The SOCx Total (S) is the real-time state of charge of all power energy storage modules in the entire plant.
(5) And the EMS sends the charging and discharging power, the power quota and other information of the power type energy storage module to the master station in real time.
The control modes of the "primary frequency modulation control mode" and the "planning curve control mode" are similar to those of the key equipment, and the description of the specific control modes is not repeated herein, and reference may be made to the description of the "planning curve control mode" above, fig. 8 shows the control process of each equipment in the "primary frequency modulation control mode", and in fig. 8, the meaning of each parameter is described as follows:
h is the number of power type energy storage modules;
i Xii1、IXii1_ref,IXiim、IXiim_ref is the actual value and the reference value of the current of the 1 st to the m power type energy storage modules under the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module, A;
SOC Xii1、SOCXiim is the charge state of the 1 st to the m power type energy storage modules under the PCS of the i-th energy storage module;
SOC Xavgii is the average charge state of the 1 st to the m power type energy storage modules under the PCS of the i-th energy storage module;
D Xii11、DXii12 is a pulse control signal of the 1 st DC/DC of the power type energy storage module under the i PCS in the i energy storage module;
DC/DC pulse control signals of the power type energy storage module m of the power type energy storage module PCS of the ith energy storage module of D Xiim1、DXiim2.
In the "black start control mode", the VRB and the power energy storage module need to cooperate to complete the self-start of the power station in the off-grid state, and assist in starting the power supply adjacent to the power supply without self-start capability, and the starting sequence of the power station in this mode is as follows (refer to fig. 9):
S1: the power type energy storage module in the power station is firstly started up automatically, and then the power type energy storage module supplies power for the BMS of the VRB and related equipment in the power station;
s2: after the VRB starts zero voltage starting, supporting the bus voltage in the station of the power station, and enabling the DC/DC module to operate under the control of stable direct current bus voltage;
s3: the VRB supports the voltage of a bus in a plant connected with the power plant, so that the PCS operates under the control of a VSG (virtual synchronous generator);
S4: starting a unit in a power plant adjacent to the power station;
S5: after the synchronous closing is completed, the VRB exits operation or turns to PQ control and then performs grid-connected operation according to a planned curve control mode.
In the black start control mode, the power type energy storage module is self-started and the VRB is started, fig. 10 shows that the ith PCS and the DC/DC hung below the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module are taken as examples, the DC/DC is combined with the charge state of the VRB connected with the ith PCS to support the PCS low-voltage direct-current bus voltage by adopting a local equalization control strategy, the PCS is controlled by adopting a virtual synchronous motor to provide voltage and frequency support for external loads, and in the virtual synchronous motor control strategy, primary frequency modulation control can be realized by frequency-active droop control, and the stability of frequency control is improved by a virtual inertia link.
In fig. 10, the meaning of each parameter is described as follows:
P load is the load power in the black start of the system, kW;
Omega grefii and omega vgii represent rated and actual values of the electrical angular velocity on the ac side of the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module, rad/s;
E vdii、Evqii represents d and q axis virtual internal potentials, V, of the PCS alternating current side of the ith station in the ith energy storage module;
l vdii、Lvqii represents d and q axis virtual inductances of the PCS alternating current side of the ith station in the ith energy storage module, and H;
I gdii、Igdrefii,Igqii、Igqrefii, which respectively represent the actual value and the reference value of d and q axes current of the PCS alternating current side of the ith station in the ith energy storage module, A;
U cdii、Ucqii represents d and q axis voltages, V, of an i-th PCS alternating current side port in the i-th energy storage module;
U vdii、Uvdrefii,Uvqii、Uvqrefii respectively represents the actual value and the reference value of the d and q axis voltages of the low-voltage side of the i-th PCS transformer in the i-th energy storage module, and V;
C vdii、Cvqii represents the filter capacitance of d and q axes of the AC side port of the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module, F;
P gii represents the active power of the PCS alternating-current side of the ith station in the ith energy storage module, kW;
Q gii and Q refii represent the actual value and the reference value of reactive power on the AC side of the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module, and kVar;
T vmii and T veii represent the actual value and the reference value of reactive power on the AC side of the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module, and N.m;
J vsii represents virtual moment of inertia of the ith PCS alternating current side in the ith energy storage module, kg.m 2;
D vsii represents a damping coefficient of the PCS alternating current side of the ith station in the ith energy storage module;
Δω vgii represents the electrical angle disturbance quantity of the i-th PCS alternating current side in the i-th energy storage module, and rad/s;
m ii、kfii represents a reactive droop coefficient and a reactive integral parameter of the i-th PCS alternating current side in the i-th energy storage module;
m fii represents a virtual main flux linkage Wb of the PCS alternating current side of the ith station in the ith energy storage module;
H f represents the i-th PCS primary frequency modulation coefficient in the i-th energy storage module;
U gdii and U gqii represent equivalent voltages, V, of ports d and q of the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a time-sharing multiplexing peak shaving frequency modulation power station based on hybrid energy storage is constructed which characterized in that: the all-vanadium redox flow battery module and the power energy storage module under the same DC/AC converter are respectively connected to the low-voltage direct current bus of the same DC/AC converter through the respective DC/DC module; the alternating current ends of at least two DC/AC converters are commonly connected to the low voltage side of the same split transformer, the high voltage sides of a plurality of groups of split transformers are connected in parallel to an alternating current bus in the station, and the alternating current bus in the station is connected to a power grid after being boosted by a booster transformer;
The capacity configuration of the DC/AC converter, the DC/DC module, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module, the power type energy storage module and the split transformer connected under the same split transformer is determined according to the following formula (1):
In the formula, E DCDC、EVRB、Ex、Exmin、EPCS、Etr respectively represents the capacity of the DC/DC module, the capacity of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module, the capacity of the power type energy storage module which can be selected to be the smallest, the capacity of the DC/AC converter and the capacity of the split transformer;
u DChigh is the output voltage of the high-voltage side of the DC/DC module;
u DClow is the input voltage at the low side of the DC/DC module;
U VRB is the output voltage of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module;
n 1、n2 are the number of all vanadium redox flow battery modules and the number of power type energy storage modules respectively.
2. The time-division multiplexing peak shaving and frequency modulation power station constructed based on hybrid energy storage according to claim 1, wherein: the output voltage of the low-voltage direct current bus of the DC/AC converter is 1500V, and the output voltage of the alternating current bus in the station is 35kV.
3. The control method of the time division multiplexing peak regulation and frequency modulation power station constructed according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the control modes of the peak regulation and frequency modulation power station comprise a planned curve control mode, a primary frequency modulation control mode and a black start control mode;
The method comprises the steps that the system control instruction of peak clipping and valley filling of a power grid is responded by the vanadium redox flow battery module when the system control instruction is operated in a planned curve control mode; the method comprises the steps that the power type energy storage module is operated in a primary frequency modulation control mode, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is in a cold standby state, and the power type energy storage module responds to a power grid frequency modulation regulation command; after the power grid or the power station fails accidentally, the power grid or the power station operates in a black start control mode, and the full vanadium redox flow battery module and the power type energy storage module cooperate in the black start control mode to finish the self-starting of the power station and the power supply recovery of the power grid together;
judging whether to enter a black start control mode after the control system is started, if so, controlling the power station according to the black start control mode, and exiting after the mode operation is completed; if not, judging whether to enter a planning curve control mode; if the power station enters the planned curve control mode, the power station is controlled according to the planned curve control mode, the power station exits after the operation of the mode is completed, and if the power station exits, whether the primary frequency modulation control mode is entered is judged; if the primary frequency modulation control mode is entered, the power station is controlled according to the primary frequency modulation control mode, the power station exits after the mode operation is completed, and if the mode operation is not completed, the power station exits the system and then is judged again.
4. A control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the planning curve control mode is divided into a peak clipping mode and a valley filling mode, after the planning curve control mode is determined to be entered, the peak clipping mode or the valley filling mode is judged to be selected firstly, and after the determining, a control strategy is executed according to the corresponding mode;
After the peak clipping mode is selected, the zero voltage of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is started, the DC/DC module connected with the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is conducted, the DC/AC converter works in the PQ mode, and the planned output power of the power station is shared by all the all-vanadium redox flow battery modules in the power station according to the formula (2):
P v Put and put ＝Pv Total put /N1 (formula 2)
In the above formula, P v Put and put is the discharge power of a single all-vanadium redox flow battery module, and the unit is kW;
P v Total put is the planned output discharge power of the power station, and the unit is kW;
N 1 is the total number of all-vanadium redox flow battery modules in the power station;
After the valley filling mode is selected, the zero voltage of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is started, the DC/DC module connected with the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is conducted, the DC/AC converter works in the rectifying mode, and the planned output power of the power station is shared by all the all-vanadium redox flow battery modules in the power station according to the formula (3):
p v Filling material ＝Pv Total filling /N1 (equation 3)
In the above formula, P v Filling material is the charging power of a single all-vanadium redox flow battery module, and the unit is kW;
P v Total filling is the planned output charging power of the power station, and the unit is kW.
5. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: under the planned curve control mode, the DC/AC converter and each DC/DC module are cooperatively controlled based on the charge state balance of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module, wherein the d-axis of the DC/AC converter adopts a double-loop control mode of a direct-current bus voltage outer loop and a current inner loop, and the q-axis of the DC/AC converter adopts current single-loop control; all DC/DC modules are controlled by a single current loop.
6. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the output value of a local equalization module of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is used as a feedforward quantity for control, so that the state of charge of all-vanadium redox flow battery modules corresponding to each of a plurality of DC/DC modules connected under the same DC/AC converter is consistent; the charge states of all vanadium redox flow battery modules in the power station are controlled to be consistent through the whole station equalizing module; and the DC/DC module is controlled by the amplitude limiting module to always operate within rated power when the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is balanced.
7. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the primary frequency modulation control mode, the power station operates in a valley filling mode, the power type energy storage module is started at zero voltage, the DC/DC module connected with the power type energy storage module is conducted, and the DC/AC converter operates in a PQ mode;
the scheduling AGC main station issues an AGC real-time instruction to an EMS system of the power station, and the power station EMS system performs charge and discharge control on the power type energy storage module according to the AGC issuing instruction; the EMS system realizes primary frequency modulation in a cluster control mode, and the EMS system transmits charge and discharge power and power quota information of the power type energy storage module to the master station.
8. The control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the charging and discharging power of the power station and the charging and discharging power of the single power type energy storage module are determined according to the formula (4):
In the above formula, P EMS is the charging and discharging power of the power station EMS response scheduling master station, and when the charging and discharging power is smaller than 0, the power station is in a charging state; when the period is more than 0, the power station is in a discharge state, and the unit is kW;
P AGC is the instruction power of the scheduling AGC main station, and the unit is kW;
f min is the minimum frequency of the system, in Hz;
f max is the maximum frequency of the system, and the unit is Hz;
f is the real-time frequency of the system, and the unit is Hz;
m is the slope of the sagging curve;
P xref is the charge and discharge reference power of the single power energy storage module, and when the reference power is smaller than 0, the power energy storage module is in a charging state; when the power type energy storage module is larger than 0, the power type energy storage module is in a discharging state, and the unit is kW;
SOCx is the real-time state of charge of a single power energy storage module;
The SOCx Total (S) is the real-time state of charge of all power energy storage modules in the entire plant.
9. A control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the starting sequence of each device in the black start control mode is as follows:
S1: the power type energy storage module in the power station is firstly started up automatically, and then the power type energy storage module supplies power for the all-vanadium redox flow battery module BMS and related equipment in the power station;
S2: after the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is started from zero voltage, supporting the bus voltage in the station of the power station, so that the DC/DC module operates under the control of stable DC bus voltage;
S3: the all-vanadium redox flow battery module supports the voltage of a bus in a plant connected with a power plant, so that the DC/AC converter operates under the control of VSG;
S4: starting a unit in a power plant adjacent to the power station;
S5: and after the synchronous closing is finished, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is out of operation or is converted into PQ control and then is operated in a grid-connected mode according to a planned curve control mode.
10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: in the black start control mode, the DC/DC module is combined with the charge state of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module connected with the DC/DC module, a local equalization control strategy is adopted to support the low-voltage direct-current side bus voltage of the DC/AC converter, the DC/AC converter is controlled by a virtual synchronous motor, and a frequency-active droop control mode is adopted in the virtual synchronous motor control strategy.
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| CN218102598U (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-12-20 | 北京能高自动化技术股份有限公司 | Time-sharing multiplexing peak-load-regulation frequency-modulation power station constructed based on hybrid energy storage |
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