CN115224704A - Time-sharing multiplexing peak-regulating frequency-modulating power station constructed based on hybrid energy storage and control method - Google Patents
Time-sharing multiplexing peak-regulating frequency-modulating power station constructed based on hybrid energy storage and control method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/30—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention relates to a time-sharing multiplexing peak-shaving frequency-modulation power station constructed based on hybrid energy storage and a control method, wherein the time-sharing multiplexing peak-shaving frequency-modulation power station comprises a plurality of capacity type energy storage modules and a plurality of power type energy storage modules which are connected in parallel on a low-voltage direct-current bus of the same DC/AC converter, and each capacity type energy storage module and each power type energy storage module under the same DC/AC converter are respectively connected to the low-voltage direct-current bus of the same DC/AC converter through a DC/DC module; the alternating current ends of at least two DC/AC converters are connected to the low-voltage side of the same split transformer together, the high-voltage side of the split transformer is connected to an in-station alternating current bus, and the in-station alternating current bus is connected to a power grid after being boosted by a boosting transformer. The energy storage power station constructed by the invention can exert the maximum effect, realize primary frequency modulation in real time, efficiently absorb the self-discharge energy of the capacity type energy storage module, and realize the function of black start power supply without additionally configuring a UPS (uninterrupted power supply).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a time-sharing multiplexing peak-load and frequency-modulation power station and a control method based on hybrid energy storage construction.
Background
The peak-load and frequency-load regulation power station constructed based on the energy storage technology can play a role in peak clipping and valley filling of a power grid, and becomes one of hot fields of research in recent years. The existing peak-load and frequency-modulation power stations constructed based on the energy storage technology can be divided into power stations constructed by a single type of energy storage technology and power stations constructed based on a hybrid energy storage technology.
For a single type of energy storage power station, a capacity type energy storage device, such as an all-vanadium flow battery, is mainly used. The flow battery energy storage power station is used as a grid-connected power supply and needs to have a primary frequency modulation function, and the primary frequency modulation function is automatically put into use. However, the current flow battery energy storage power station operates according to a planned curve control mode, and when the power station is in a non-operation state, the power station is in a cold standby state, namely, a battery and a mechanical device in the power station are stopped, and a current transforming device and a voltage boosting device in the power station are in a silent standby state, so that the self power consumption rate is reduced to the maximum extent. The large energy storage power station needs at least over 90 seconds of starting time when being converted from a cold standby state to an operating state, so that the single type energy storage power station is difficult to realize a primary frequency modulation function in real time, and in the cold standby state, the current transforming and boosting device is in an idle state, and the power station does not exert the maximum effect, thereby causing certain resource waste.
In addition, the current standard product of the flow battery in the mature market has a lower direct-current side voltage platform and lower alternating-current voltage inverted by the converter, so that the system of the high-capacity energy storage power station has large current and high loss; when the flow battery system operates, electrolyte solution enters the single cells of each electric pile through a circulating pump, a pipeline and other conveying systems in a uniformly distributed mode to realize battery charging and discharging, but when the battery stops operating, the electrolyte solution in the single cells of the electric piles is used as an ion conductor and can form a conductive path in a common flow channel between electric pile modules, so that leakage current is generated, a self-discharging field is generated, a self-discharging phenomenon occurs, and the service life of the battery can be influenced if self-discharging energy is not absorbed. The self-discharge power generated by the whole flow battery energy storage power station is about more than 4% of the rated power of the system, and the energy is not effectively utilized and is lost.
Moreover, the flow battery energy storage power station is large in capacity generally, and is suitable for serving as a black-start power supply when a power grid fails, so that power transmission of a power generation unit without self-starting capability is realized, and ordered power supply of the whole power grid is gradually recovered. However, in the current flow battery in a cold standby state, the black start function needs to be additionally configured with the UPS to realize the self-start of the flow battery, and the black start working condition is a special working condition, so that the installation of the UPS can additionally increase the initial investment construction and daily operation and maintenance cost of the power station.
For a power station constructed by a hybrid energy storage technology, a power type energy storage device and a capacity type energy storage device are coupled to an alternating current side, current transformation, voltage boosting, switching, protection and other electrical primary and secondary equipment of each type of energy storage device are independently arranged, the whole hybrid energy storage framework is connected by simply superposing the two types of energy storage devices, a uniform voltage output platform is not formed, self-discharge energy when the capacity type energy storage device (such as a flow battery) stops running cannot be recovered, the configuration relation of the power type energy storage device and the capacity type energy storage device is related to whether primary frequency modulation can be realized in real time or not, and the problems cannot be well solved in the power station constructed by the conventional disclosed hybrid energy storage technology, so that the conventional hybrid energy storage power station has a larger optimization space and the scheme is developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention firstly discloses a time-sharing multiplexing peak-shaving frequency modulation power station which is suitable for a power grid side and is constructed based on hybrid energy storage, wherein an all-vanadium redox flow battery module and a power type energy storage module are coupled to the same direct current side, and a direct current output voltage platform is unified, so that the power station can exert the maximum effect, primary frequency modulation is realized in real time, the self-discharge energy of the all-vanadium redox flow battery can be efficiently consumed, and the power station can realize the function of a black start power supply without additionally configuring a UPS.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a time-sharing multiplexing peak-shaving frequency-modulation power station constructed based on hybrid energy storage comprises a plurality of all-vanadium redox flow battery modules and a plurality of power type energy storage modules which are connected in parallel to a low-voltage direct-current bus of the same DC/AC converter, wherein each all-vanadium redox flow battery module and each power type energy storage module under the same DC/AC converter are respectively connected to the low-voltage direct-current bus of the same DC/AC converter through respective DC/DC modules; the alternating current ends of at least two DC/AC converters are connected to the low-voltage side of the same split transformer together, the high-voltage sides of a plurality of groups of split transformers are connected to an in-station alternating current bus in parallel, and the in-station alternating current bus is connected to a power grid after being boosted by a boosting transformer;
the capacity configurations of a DC/AC converter, a DC/DC module, an all-vanadium redox flow battery module, a power type energy storage module and a split transformer which are connected under the same component split transformer are determined according to the following formula (1):
in the above formula, E DCDC 、E VRB 、E x 、E xmin 、E PCS 、E tr Respectively representing the capacity of a DC/DC module, the capacity of an all-vanadium redox flow battery module, the capacity of a power type energy storage module, the capacity of the selectable minimum power type energy storage module, the capacity of a DC/AC converter and the capacity of a split transformer;
U DChigh the output voltage of the high-voltage side of the DC/DC module;
U DClow the input voltage is the input voltage of the low-voltage side of the DC/DC module;
U VRB the output voltage of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is obtained;
n 1 、n 2 the number of all-vanadium redox flow battery modules and the number of power type energy storage modules are respectively.
Further, the output voltage of a low-voltage direct-current bus of the DC/AC converter is 1500V, and the output voltage of an in-station alternating-current bus is 35kV.
The invention also discloses a control method of the time-sharing multiplexing peak-regulating frequency-modulating power station constructed based on the hybrid energy storage, which comprises the following steps:
the control modes of the peak-shaving frequency-modulation power station comprise a planned curve control mode, a primary frequency modulation control mode and a black start control mode;
the method comprises the following steps that when the system operates in a planned curve control mode, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module responds to a system regulation and control instruction of power grid peak clipping and valley filling; the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is in a cold standby state when operating in a primary frequency modulation control mode, and the power type energy storage module responds to a power grid frequency modulation regulation and control instruction; the method comprises the following steps that after power failure occurs in an electric network or a power station, the power station runs in a black-start control mode, and in the black-start control mode, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module and the power type energy storage module are cooperatively matched to jointly complete self-starting of the power station and power restoration of the electric network;
after the control system is started, judging whether to enter a black start control mode, if so, controlling the power station according to the black start control mode, and exiting after the operation of the mode is finished; if not, judging whether to enter a planning curve control mode; if the power station enters a planned curve control mode, controlling the power station according to the planned curve control mode, exiting after the mode is operated, and if not, judging whether to enter a primary frequency modulation control mode; and if the power station enters the primary frequency modulation control mode, controlling the power station according to the primary frequency modulation control mode, exiting after the mode is operated, and if the power station does not enter the primary frequency modulation control mode, exiting the system and judging again.
Further, the plan curve control mode is divided into a peak clipping mode and a valley filling mode, after the plan curve control mode is determined to be entered, the selection of the peak clipping mode or the selection of the valley filling mode is firstly judged, and after the determination, a control strategy is executed according to the corresponding mode;
after the peak clipping mode is selected, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is started at zero voltage, the DC/DC module connected with the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is conducted, the DC/AC converter works in a PQ mode, and the planned output power of the power station is shared by all the all-vanadium redox flow battery modules in the power station according to a formula (2):
P v. placing ＝P v totalPut /N 1 (formula 2)
In the above formula, P v. placing The discharge power of a single all-vanadium redox flow battery module is kW;
P v total power Planning output discharge power for the power station, wherein the unit is kW;
N 1 the total number of all-vanadium redox flow battery modules in the power station;
after a valley filling mode is selected, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is started at zero voltage, the DC/DC module connected with the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is conducted, the DC/AC converter works in a rectification mode, and the planned output power of the power station is shared by all the all-vanadium redox flow battery modules in the power station according to a formula (3):
P v-shaped charger ＝P v total charge /N 1 (formula 3)
In the above formula, P V-shaped charger The charging power of a single all-vanadium redox flow battery module is kW;
P v total charge And planning output charging power for the power station, wherein the unit is kW.
Further, under the planned curve control mode, the DC/AC converter and each DC/DC module are cooperatively controlled based on the charge state balance of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module, wherein a d axis of the DC/AC converter adopts a double-loop control mode of a direct-current bus voltage outer loop and a current inner loop, and a q axis of the DC/AC converter adopts a current single loop control; all DC/DC modules adopt current single-loop control.
Further, the output value of a local equalization module of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is used as a controlled feed-forward quantity, so that the charge states of all-vanadium redox flow battery modules corresponding to a plurality of DC/DC modules connected under the same DC/AC converter are consistent; the charge states of all vanadium redox flow battery modules in the power station are controlled to be consistent through the whole station balancing module; and the DC/DC module is controlled by the amplitude limiting module to always operate within the rated power when the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is balanced.
Further, in the primary frequency modulation control mode, the power station operates in a valley filling mode, the power type energy storage module is started at zero voltage, the DC/DC module connected with the power type energy storage module is conducted, and the DC/AC converter works in a PQ mode;
dispatching an AGC master station to issue an AGC real-time instruction to an EMS system of the power station, and carrying out charging and discharging control on a power type energy storage module by the EMS system of the power station according to the AGC real-time instruction; the EMS system realizes primary frequency modulation in a cluster control mode, and transmits charging and discharging power and power limit information of the power type energy storage module to the master station.
Further, the charging and discharging power of the power station and the charging and discharging power of the single power type energy storage module are determined according to the formula (4):
in the above formula, P EMS Responding the charging and discharging power of the dispatching master station for the power station EMS, and when the charging and discharging power is less than 0, indicating that the power station is in a charging state; when the period is more than 0, the power station is in a discharge state, and the unit is kW;
P AGC in order to schedule the instruction power of the AGC master station, the unit is kW;
f min is the minimum frequency of the system, and has the unit of Hz;
f max the maximum frequency of the system is in Hz;
f is the real-time frequency of the system, and the unit is Hz;
m is the slope of the droop curve;
P xref the charging and discharging reference power of a single power type energy storage module is set, and when the charging and discharging reference power is smaller than 0, the power type energy storage module is in a charging state; when the power is more than 0, the power type energy storage module is in a discharge state, and the unit is kW;
SOCx is the real-time state of charge of a single power type energy storage module;
SOCx general assembly The real-time state of charge of all power type energy storage modules in the whole power station.
Further, the starting sequence of each device in the black start control mode is as follows:
s1: the method comprises the following steps that a power type energy storage module in the power station is started automatically, and then the power type energy storage module supplies power to an all-vanadium redox flow battery module BMS and related equipment in the power station;
s2: after the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is started from zero voltage, the voltage of an in-station bus of a power station is supported, and the DC/DC module is operated under the control of stable direct current bus voltage;
s3: the all-vanadium redox flow battery module supports and is connected with the voltage of a bus in a power plant, so that the DC/AC converter operates under the control of VSG;
s4: starting a unit in a power plant close to the power station;
s5: and after synchronous closing is completed, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is quitted from operation or is converted into PQ control and then is subjected to grid-connected operation according to a planned curve control mode.
Further, in the black start control mode, the DC/DC module is combined with the charge state of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module connected with the DC/DC module, a local balance control strategy is adopted to support the voltage of a low-voltage direct-current side bus of the DC/AC converter, the DC/AC converter is controlled by a virtual synchronous motor, and a frequency-active droop control mode is adopted in the virtual synchronous motor control strategy.
The novel hybrid energy storage power station constructed by the invention has a peak-load frequency-modulation time-sharing multiplexing function, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module and the power type energy storage module are coupled to the same direct current side, and the direct current output voltage platform is unified, so that the defect that the demand of a dispatching department instruction cannot be responded in time in a cold standby state of the redox flow battery is overcome, the real-time primary frequency modulation function is realized, and the coupled all-vanadium redox flow battery module and the power type energy storage module can cooperate with each other to effectively respond to the dispatching instruction of the peak load modulation and the frequency modulation of a power grid.
In the power station constructed by the invention, based on the embedded design of integration of the standard module and the DC/DC module of the flow battery, the medium-voltage output of DC1500V at the direct current side and the cooperative polymerization of a plurality of DC/DC and MW-level high-Power Converters (PCS) are realized, the capacity of a single flow battery energy storage module is improved, the number of primary and secondary electrical equipment such as current transformation, voltage boosting, air exhausting and protection can be greatly reduced, the overall layout of the power station is optimized, the building structure of the power station is improved, and the civil engineering quantity and the initial investment cost are greatly reduced.
In the power station constructed by the invention, on the basis of the 'planned curve control mode' of the traditional flow battery energy storage power station, a 'primary frequency modulation control mode' is added, the frequency modulation function substitution of the original 'cold standby' idle state of the flow battery energy storage power station is realized, the two modes can be realized by sharing one set of equipment such as current transformation, confluence, protection and the like, the utilization hours of the flow battery energy storage power station are increased, the maximum effect of the equipment in the power station can be exerted, and the resource waste is avoided.
In the power station constructed by the invention, when a non-planned curve control mode is effectively absorbed by using the power type energy storage module, the residual self-discharge energy in the galvanic pile of the flow battery energy storage module is applied to the real-time primary frequency modulation of the power grid through the power type energy storage module, so that the residual electricity utilization is realized, and the benefit is increased.
In the power station constructed by the invention, the output voltage platform of the redox flow battery is improved to the existing mature 1500V voltage platform, the short plates with low output voltage, large output current and large heat productivity of the original redox flow battery are improved, no ventilation and temperature reduction device is additionally arranged, a DC/DC module in the topology can be embedded into a prefabricated cabin of the stack, the redox flow battery outputs 1500V direct current outwards, and the practical application of the redox flow battery in more scenes is facilitated.
In the power station constructed by the invention, the power type energy storage module additionally arranged in the power station can be used for supporting the direct current bus voltage when necessary, so that the starting of the flow battery is realized, a UPS (uninterrupted Power supply) is not required to be additionally configured in the power station, the power station is favorable for saving the power station field, and unnecessary investment, operation and maintenance and labor cost are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a topological architecture of a megawatt-level time-division multiplexing peak and frequency modulation power station constructed based on hybrid energy storage in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a topology under a set of split transformers of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a plant control method constructed in the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an energy flow of an embodiment of a power station operating in a peak clipping mode;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the energy flow of the embodiment when the power plant is operating in a valley fill mode;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the control process of the DC/AC converter and the DC/DC module when the plant is operating in the planned curve control mode according to the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an energy flow of an embodiment in which a power station operates in a primary frequency modulation control mode;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a control process of the DC/AC converter and the DC/DC module when the plant is operating in the primary frequency modulation control mode according to the embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an energy flow of an embodiment in which a power station operates in a black start control mode;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a control process of the DC/AC converter and the DC/DC module when the plant operates in the black-start control mode according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
The embodiment firstly discloses a time-sharing multiplexing peak-shaving frequency-modulation power station constructed based on hybrid energy storage, which is not only suitable for a hundred megawatt-level energy storage power station on a power grid side, but also suitable for being used in a railway traction power supply system and a large-scale photovoltaic power station.
Considering that the peak-shaving frequency-modulation power station in the embodiment can serve on the power grid side, in order to reduce the loss in the station as much as possible, the in-station alternating current bus of the peak-shaving frequency-modulation power station in the embodiment, of which the in-station alternating current bus output voltage is 35kv and 35kv, is connected with the step-up transformer, and is connected to the 220kV alternating current bus on the power grid side after being stepped up. The 35kV station internal alternating current bus is connected with a plurality of groups of split transformers in parallel, the high-voltage side of each group of split transformers is connected to the station internal alternating current bus, the low-voltage side of each group of split transformers is connected with at least two DC/AC converters (hereinafter referred to as PCS) in parallel, the low-voltage direct current bus of each PCS is connected with a plurality of all-vanadium redox flow battery modules (hereinafter referred to as VRB) and a plurality of power type energy storage modules in parallel, each VRB and each power type energy storage module under the same PCS are connected to the low-voltage direct current bus of the same PCS through respective DC/DC modules, and the output voltage of the low-voltage direct current bus of the PCS in the embodiment is unified to 1500V.
In this embodiment, the split transformer is a double split transformer, the VRB in the drawing refers to an all-vanadium redox flow battery module, and the power type energy storage module is one of a lithium battery, a flywheel and a super capacitor (the X in the drawing refers to a power type energy storage module), or is formed by combining at least two different types, and besides the three power type energy storage batteries, other elements with power type energy storage can be used.
In the power station, the VRB is mainly used for realizing the release and the storage of electric energy under a planning curve control mode; the power type energy storage module is mainly used for realizing the release and storage of electric energy when the power station operates in a primary frequency modulation control mode; the DC/DC module is connected with the corresponding energy storage module to realize charging and discharging of the energy storage module; the PCS is used for realizing conversion of alternating current and direct current; the double-split transformer is used for realizing PCS confluence voltage boosting.
In order to realize that the power station can still realize the primary peak regulation function when the VRB is in a cold standby state, the capacity configuration of related equipment hung under the same component fission transformer needs to meet certain requirements, otherwise, the real-time primary peak regulation function cannot be replaced. In determining the respective capacity of the device, the following considerations are taken into account:
the PCS capacity needs to be matched with the VRB capacity, and the transformer capacity needs to be matched and connected with the capacity of all PCS;
b. considering the change of primary frequency modulation power of the energy storage power station, limiting the amplitude of the energy storage power station to be not less than 20% of rated active power when necessary, and determining the proportion of the VRB and the power type energy storage module with optimal economy;
the high-side output of the DC/DC module is 1500V, and the VRB output needs to be matched with the low-side input of the DC/DC module.
Based on the principle, the capacity configuration of the PCS, the DC/DC module, the VRB, the power type energy storage module and the split transformer which are connected under the same component split transformer is determined according to the following formula (1):
in the above formula, E DCDC 、E VRB 、E x 、E xmin 、E PCS 、E tr Respectively representing the capacity of the DC/DC module, the VRB capacity, the capacity of the power type energy storage module, the capacity of the selectable minimum power type energy storage module, the capacity of the PCS and the capacity of the split transformer;
U DChigh the output voltage of the high-voltage side of the DC/DC module;
U DClow the input voltage of the low-voltage side of the DC/DC module;
U VRB an output voltage of VRB;
n 1 、n 2 the number of VRBs and the number of power storage modules, respectively.
The present embodiment also discloses a specific control method of the peak-shaving fm station, as shown in fig. 3 to fig. 10, the control modes of the peak-shaving fm station are divided into a planning curve control mode, a primary fm control mode, and a black start control mode. For the system operating in the planned curve control mode, the VRB responds to a system regulation and control instruction of the peak clipping and valley filling of the power grid; when the power type energy storage module operates in a primary frequency modulation control mode, the VRB is in a cold standby state, and the power type energy storage module responds to a power grid frequency modulation regulation instruction; when the power grid or the power station has unexpected power failure or an emergency state occurs, the power station operates in a black-start control mode, and the VRB and the power type energy storage module are required to cooperate in the mode to jointly complete the self-start of the power station and the power supply recovery of the power grid.
The control method of the power station is as shown in fig. 3, after the control system is started, whether the power station enters a black start control mode is judged, if yes, the power station is controlled according to the black start control mode, and the power station exits after the operation of the mode is finished; if not, whether the planning curve control mode is entered or not is judged. The planning curve control mode can be divided into a peak clipping mode and a valley filling mode, which mode needs to be entered is determined according to the operation time interval of the power grid, the control is carried out according to the corresponding control strategy after the corresponding mode is entered, and the operation is finished and the operation is quitted. If the power station does not enter the plan curve mode, judging whether to enter a primary frequency modulation control mode, if so, controlling the power station according to the primary frequency modulation control mode, exiting after the mode is operated, and if not, exiting the system and judging again. The specific control modes of the above three control modes will be described below.
For the description of "planning curve control mode": the plan curve control mode (also called peak clipping and valley filling mode) is a peak-valley tracking plan curve which is made according to the regional peak-valley electricity price or the peak-valley regulation requirement of the power grid by considering the characteristics of the VRB, and the charging and discharging power at the peak time period, the low time period and the corresponding time period is set. When the power station is in a power utilization peak period, the power station discharges to realize peak clipping; when the power station is in a low valley period, the power station is charged to realize valley filling.
Description of the start-up sequence of the plant in peak clipping mode (see fig. 4):
(1) Starting the VRB at zero voltage;
(2) The DC/DC module connected with the VRB is conducted, and the PCS works in a PQ mode;
(3) The planned output power of the power station is shared by all VRBs in the power station according to the formula (2):
P v. put ＝P v total power /N 1 (formula 2)
In the above formula, P v. placing Is the discharge power of a single VRB, and the unit is kW;
P v total discharge Planning output discharge power for the power station, wherein the unit is kW;
N 1 the total number of VRBs in the plant.
(4) The system runs until the next mode of operation.
For a description of the start-up sequence of the plant in valley fill mode (see fig. 5):
(1) Starting the VRB at zero voltage;
(2) The DC/DC module connected with the VRB is conducted, and the PCS works in a rectification mode;
(3) The planned output power of the power station is shared by all VRBs in the power station according to the formula (3):
P v charger ＝P v total charge /N 1 (formula 3)
In the above formula, P V charger The charging power of a single all-vanadium redox flow battery module is kW;
P v total charge And the planned output charging power of the power station is kW.
(4) The system runs until the next mode of operation.
In order to ensure that each device in the power station can accurately respond to the output requirement in the planned curve control mode, the PCS needs to cooperate with a plurality of DC/DC modules hung below the PCS, and since the coordination control methods of the PCS and the DC/DC modules in each energy storage module are basically consistent, the control of the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module and m DC/DC modules hung below the PCS is shown as an example in fig. 6, and a coordination control method based on the VRB state of charge balance is provided. As can be seen from fig. 6, the d-axis of the PCS adopts a double-loop control manner of a dc bus voltage outer loop and a current inner loop, so as to ensure real-time stability of the dc bus voltage. And the q axis of the PCS realizes the regulation and control of the PCS reactive power through current single-loop control. And the M DC/DC modules all adopt current single-loop control to realize the charging or discharging of the battery. The output value of the VRB local equalization module is used as the feedforward quantity of control, so that the charge states of the VRBs corresponding to m DC/DC modules connected under the same PCS are consistent; the charge states of all VRBs in the power station are controlled to be consistent through the whole station balancing module; and the DC/DC module is controlled by the amplitude limiting module to operate within the rated power all the time when performing VRB equalization.
The meaning of the various parameters in FIG. 6 is illustrated below:
U dcrefii the reference voltage V is the reference voltage of the ith PCS direct current bus in the ith energy storage module;
U dcii the actual voltage V of the i-th PCS direct current side bus in the i-th energy storage module is obtained;
U gaii 、U gbii 、U gcii the three-phase voltage on the network side is V;
U abcii 、I abcii respectively outputting voltage and current, V and A, for the ith PCS in the i energy storage modules;
E gdii for the ith mouldD-axis equivalent voltage, V, of the i-th PCS network side in the block;
Q refii the reactive power Var is referred to for the ith PCS in the i energy storage modules;
ω g is the angular frequency of the power grid, rad/s;
θ gii phase-locking an electrical angle, rad, for the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module;
L gii an inductor H in the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module;
P ref for reference power, kW;
I drefii 、I dii ，I qreii 、I qii reference values and actual values of d and q currents of an ith PCS in an ith energy storage module are respectively A;
U gdii 、U gqii d and q voltages, V, of an ith PCS electric port in the ith energy storage module;
S 1ii ～S 6ii the pulse control signal is a pulse control signal of an ith PCS in an ith energy storage module;
n is the total number of the energy storage power stations PCS;
m is the total number of the energy storage power stations DC/DC;
U dcii1 、U dciim direct current voltages V of the 1 st to the mth energy storage modules under the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module are respectively;
I VRBii1 、I VRBiim respectively are the 1 st to the mth VRB currents A under the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module;
SOC ii1 、SOC iim respectively at the 1 st to mth VRB state of charge;
SOC avgii the average state of charge of the 1 st to the mth VRB under the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module is obtained;
D ii11 、D ii12 a pulse control signal corresponding to the DC/DC of the 1 st VRB under the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module;
D iim1 、D iim2 and the pulse control signal corresponds to the DC/DC for the mth VRB under the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module.
Description of "primary modulation control mode": the primary frequency modulation Control mode is to consider the characteristics of the power type energy storage module, an AGC (Automatic Generation Control) master station system of a dispatching center periodically issues AGC real-time instructions to an energy storage power station EMS system through a dispatching data network, the EMS performs standing, charging, discharging Control and the like on the power type energy storage module according to the AGC real-time instructions issued by the dispatching, in the Control process, the EMS senses the frequency change of a power grid in real time through a coordination Control technology and centrally controls a PCS cluster, all PCS charging and discharging Control instructions are issued uniformly through the cluster Control technology, the PCS always works in a P-Q mode, and the EMS transmits interactive signals such as actual charging, discharging power, power limit and the like of the power type energy storage module to the dispatching center in real time. The "primary control mode" operation corresponds to the "valley fill mode" given above.
The start-up sequence of the plant in "primary control mode" is as follows (see fig. 7):
(1) Starting the power type energy storage module at zero voltage;
(2) The DC/DC module connected with the power type energy storage module is conducted, and the PCS works in a PQ mode;
(3) Dispatching an AGC master station to issue an AGC real-time instruction to an energy storage power station EMS system;
(4) The power station EMS issues instructions according to the AGC to control charging and discharging of the power type energy storage module, the EMS realizes primary frequency modulation through a cluster control technology, and the charging and discharging power of the power station and the charging and discharging power of a single power type energy storage module are determined according to a formula (4):
in the above formula, P EMS Responding and dispatching the charging and discharging power of the master station for the power station EMS, and when the charging and discharging power is less than 0, indicating that the power station is in a charging state; when the period is more than 0, the power station is in a discharge state, and the unit is kW;
P AGC in order to schedule the instruction power of the AGC master station, the unit is kW;
f min is the minimum frequency of the system, and has the unit of Hz;
f max the maximum frequency of the system is in Hz;
f is the real-time frequency of the system, and the unit is Hz;
m is the slope of the droop curve;
P xref the charging and discharging reference power of a single power type energy storage module is set, and when the charging and discharging reference power is smaller than 0, the power type energy storage module is in a charging state; when the power is more than 0, the power type energy storage module is in a discharge state, and the unit is kW;
SOCx is the real-time state of charge of a single power type energy storage module;
SOCx general assembly The real-time state of charge of all power type energy storage modules in the whole power station.
(5) The EMS transmits information such as charging and discharging power, power limit and the like of the power type energy storage module to the master station in real time.
The control modes of the "primary frequency modulation control mode" and the "planned curve control mode" for the key devices are similar, the description of the specific control modes is not repeated herein, and reference may be made to the description of the "planned curve control mode", fig. 8 shows the control process of each device in the "primary frequency modulation control mode", and in fig. 8, the meaning of each parameter is described as follows:
h is the number of the power type energy storage modules;
I Xii1 、I Xii1_ref ，I Xiim 、I Xiim_ref actual current values and reference values A of power type energy storage modules from 1 st to m th under an ith PCS in the ith energy storage module are respectively;
SOC Xii1 、SOC Xiim the charge states of the power type energy storage modules from 1 st to m th under the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module are respectively set;
SOC Xavgii the average charge state of the 1 st to the mth power type energy storage modules under the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module is calculated;
D Xii11 、D Xii12 a 1 st DC/DC pulse control signal of a power type energy storage module under the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module;
D Xiim1 、D Xiim2 ith energy storage dieAnd the pulse control signal of the DC/DC of the mth power type energy storage module of the power type energy storage module under the ith PCS in the block.
For the "black start control mode", the VRB and the power type energy storage module need to cooperate to complete the self-start of the power station and assist in starting the power supply without self-start capability in the off-grid state, and the starting sequence of the power station in this mode is as follows (refer to fig. 9):
s1: the power type energy storage module in the power station is started automatically, and then the power type energy storage module supplies power for a BMS (battery management system) and related equipment of a VRB (virtual router bus) in the power station;
s2: after the VRB starts zero-voltage starting, the voltage of an in-station bus of a power station is supported, and the DC/DC module is operated under the control of stable direct-current bus voltage;
s3: VRB supports the voltage of a bus in the plant connected with the power plant, so that PCS operates under the control of VSG (virtual synchronous generator);
s4: starting a unit in a power plant close to the power station;
s5: and after synchronous closing is finished, the VRB exits from running or is converted into PQ control and then is subjected to grid-connected running according to a planned curve control mode.
In the black start control mode, the power type energy storage module is self-started, and the VRB is started, fig. 10 shows that the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module and the DC/DC hung below the ith PCS are taken as an example, the DC/DC is combined with the charge state of the VRB connected with the DC/DC to adopt a local equalization control strategy to support the voltage of the PCS low-voltage direct current bus, the PCS adopts a virtual synchronous motor control to realize voltage and frequency support for the external load, in the virtual synchronous motor control strategy, a primary frequency modulation control can be realized through frequency-active droop control, and the stability of the frequency control is improved through a virtual inertia link.
In fig. 10, the meaning of the respective parameters is explained as follows:
P load load power at the time of black start of the system, kW;
ω grefii and omega vgii The rated value and the actual value of the electrical angular speed at the alternating current side of the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module are represented as rad/s;
E vdii 、E vqii denotes the ithVirtual internal potentials V of d and q axes at the alternating current side of the ith PCS in each energy storage module;
L vdii 、L vqii the virtual inductance of d and q axes at the alternating current side of the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module is represented as H;
I gdii 、I gdrefii ，I gqii 、I gqrefii respectively representing d and q axis current actual values and reference values A of the ith PCS alternating current side in the ith energy storage module;
U cdii 、U cqii the voltage of d and q axes of an ith PCS alternating current side port in the ith energy storage module is represented as V;
U vdii 、U vdrefii ，U vqii 、U vqrefii respectively representing d and q axis voltage actual values and reference values V of the low-voltage side of the ith PCS transformer in the ith energy storage module;
C vdii 、C vqii showing a d-axis filter capacitor and a q-axis filter capacitor in an ith PCS alternating current side port in an ith energy storage module;
P gii the real power of the ith PCS alternating current side in the ith energy storage module is kW;
Q gii and Q refii The actual value and the reference value, kVar, of reactive power at the i-th PCS alternating current side in the i-th energy storage module are represented;
T vmii and T veii The actual value and the reference value of reactive power at the i-th PCS alternating current side in the i-th energy storage module are represented as N.m;
J vsii it shows the virtual moment of inertia, kg · m, of the AC side of the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module 2 ；
D vsii The damping coefficient of the ith PCS alternating current side in the ith energy storage module is represented;
Δω vgii representing the electrical angle disturbance quantity (rad/s) of the i-th PCS alternating current side in the i-th energy storage module;
m ii 、k fii the method comprises the following steps of (1) representing a reactive droop coefficient and a reactive integral parameter of an ith PCS alternating current side in an ith energy storage module;
M fii denotes the ithA virtual main flux linkage Wb at the AC side of the i-th PCS in the energy storage module;
H f the primary frequency modulation coefficient of the ith PCS in the ith energy storage module is represented;
U gdii and U gqii The equivalent voltage of d and q ports of an ith PCS in an ith energy storage module is shown as V.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. Time-sharing multiplexing peak-shaving frequency modulation power station based on hybrid energy storage construction, its characterized in that: the vanadium redox flow battery pack comprises a plurality of vanadium redox flow battery modules and a plurality of power type energy storage modules which are connected in parallel to a low-voltage direct-current bus of the same DC/AC converter, wherein each vanadium redox flow battery module and each power type energy storage module under the same DC/AC converter are respectively connected to the low-voltage direct-current bus of the same DC/AC converter through respective DC/DC modules; the alternating current ends of at least two DC/AC converters are connected to the low-voltage side of the same split transformer together, the high-voltage sides of a plurality of groups of split transformers are connected to an in-station alternating current bus in parallel, and the in-station alternating current bus is connected to a power grid after being boosted by a boosting transformer;
the capacity configurations of a DC/AC converter, a DC/DC module, an all-vanadium redox flow battery module, a power type energy storage module and a split transformer which are connected under the same component split transformer are determined according to the following formula (1):
in the above formula, E DCDC 、E VRB 、E x 、E xmin 、E PCS 、E tr Respectively representing the capacity of a DC/DC module, the capacity of an all-vanadium redox flow battery module, the capacity of a power type energy storage module and the minimum power type energy storage moduleCapacity, DC/AC converter capacity and split transformer capacity;
U DChigh the output voltage of the high-voltage side of the DC/DC module;
U DClow the input voltage of the low-voltage side of the DC/DC module;
U VRB the output voltage of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is obtained;
n 1 、n 2 the number of the all-vanadium redox flow battery modules and the number of the power type energy storage modules are respectively.
2. The time-sharing multiplexing peak-modulating and frequency-modulating power station constructed based on the hybrid energy storage of claim 1 is characterized in that: the output voltage of a low-voltage direct-current bus of the DC/AC converter is 1500V, and the output voltage of an alternating-current bus in the station is 35kV.
3. The control method of the time-division multiplexing peak-and-frequency modulation power station constructed according to the claim 1 or 2 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the control modes of the peak-shaving frequency-modulation power station comprise a planned curve control mode, a primary frequency modulation control mode and a black start control mode;
operating in a planned curve control mode, responding to a system regulation and control instruction of power grid peak clipping and valley filling by the all-vanadium redox flow battery module; the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is in a cold standby state when operating in a primary frequency modulation control mode, and the power type energy storage module responds to a power grid frequency modulation regulation instruction; the method comprises the following steps that after power failure occurs in an electric network or a power station, the power station runs in a black-start control mode, and in the black-start control mode, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module and the power type energy storage module are cooperatively matched to jointly complete self-starting of the power station and power restoration of the electric network;
judging whether to enter a black start control mode or not after the control system is started, if so, controlling the power station according to the black start control mode, and exiting after the operation of the mode is finished; if not, judging whether to enter a planning curve control mode; if the power station enters a planned curve control mode, controlling the power station according to the planned curve control mode, exiting after the mode is operated, and if not, judging whether to enter a primary frequency modulation control mode; and if the power station enters the primary frequency modulation control mode, controlling the power station according to the primary frequency modulation control mode, exiting after the mode is operated, and if the power station does not enter the primary frequency modulation control mode, exiting the system and judging again.
4. The control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the plan curve control mode is divided into a peak clipping mode and a valley filling mode, after the plan curve control mode is determined to enter, the selection of the peak clipping mode or the selection of the valley filling mode is firstly judged, and after the determination, a control strategy is executed according to the corresponding mode;
after the peak clipping mode is selected, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is started at zero voltage, the DC/DC module connected with the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is conducted, the DC/AC converter works in a PQ mode, and the planned output power of the power station is shared by all the all-vanadium redox flow battery modules in the power station according to a formula (2):
P v. placing ＝P v total discharge /N 1 (formula 2)
In the above formula, P v. put The discharge power of a single all-vanadium redox flow battery module is kW;
P v total power Planning output discharge power for the power station, wherein the unit is kW;
N 1 the total number of all-vanadium redox flow battery modules in the power station is calculated;
after a valley filling mode is selected, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is started at zero voltage, the DC/DC module connected with the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is conducted, the DC/AC converter works in a rectification mode, and the planned output power of the power station is shared by all the all-vanadium redox flow battery modules in the power station according to a formula (3):
P v-shaped charger ＝P v total charge /N 1 (formula 3)
In the above formula, P V-shaped charger The charging power of a single all-vanadium redox flow battery module is kW;
P v total charge And the planned output charging power of the power station is kW.
5. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: under the plan curve control mode, the DC/AC converter and each DC/DC module are cooperatively controlled based on the state of charge balance of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module, wherein a d axis of the DC/AC converter adopts a double-loop control mode of a direct current bus voltage outer loop and a current inner loop, and a q axis of the DC/AC converter adopts current single-loop control; all DC/DC modules adopt current single-loop control.
6. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the method comprises the steps that the output value of a local balancing module of an all-vanadium redox flow battery module is used as a controlled feedforward quantity, so that the charge states of all-vanadium redox flow battery modules corresponding to a plurality of DC/DC modules connected under the same DC/AC converter are consistent; the charge states of all vanadium redox flow battery modules in the power station are controlled to be consistent through the whole station balancing module; and the DC/DC module is controlled by the amplitude limiting module to always operate within the rated power when the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is balanced.
7. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: under the primary frequency modulation control mode, the power station operates in a valley filling mode, the power type energy storage module is started at zero voltage, the DC/DC module connected with the power type energy storage module is conducted, and the DC/AC converter works in a PQ mode;
dispatching an AGC master station to issue an AGC real-time instruction to an EMS system of the power station, and carrying out charging and discharging control on a power type energy storage module by the EMS system of the power station according to the AGC real-time instruction; the EMS system realizes primary frequency modulation in a cluster control mode, and transmits charging and discharging power and power limit information of the power type energy storage module to the master station.
8. The control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the charging and discharging power of the power station and the charging and discharging power of the single power type energy storage module are determined according to the formula (4):
in the above formula, P EMS Responding and dispatching the charging and discharging power of the master station for the power station EMS, and when the charging and discharging power is less than 0, indicating that the power station is in a charging state; when the period is more than 0, the power station is in a discharge state, and the unit is kW;
P AGC in order to schedule the instruction power of the AGC master station, the unit is kW;
f min is the minimum frequency of the system, and has the unit of Hz;
f max the maximum frequency of the system is in Hz;
f is the real-time frequency of the system, and the unit is Hz;
m is the slope of the droop curve;
P xref the charging and discharging reference power of a single power type energy storage module is set, and when the charging and discharging reference power is smaller than 0, the power type energy storage module is in a charging state; when the power is more than 0, the power type energy storage module is in a discharge state, and the unit is kW;
SOCx is the real-time state of charge of a single power type energy storage module;
SOCx general assembly The real-time state of charge of all power type energy storage modules in the whole power station.
9. The control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the starting sequence of each device in the black start control mode is as follows:
s1: the method comprises the following steps that a power type energy storage module in a power station is started automatically, and then the power type energy storage module supplies power to an all-vanadium redox flow battery module BMS and related equipment in the power station;
s2: after the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is started from zero voltage, the voltage of an in-station bus of a power station is supported, and the DC/DC module is operated under the control of stable direct current bus voltage;
s3: the all-vanadium redox flow battery module supports and is connected with the voltage of a bus in a power plant, so that the DC/AC converter operates under the control of VSG;
s4: starting a unit in a power plant close to the power station;
s5: and after synchronous closing is completed, the all-vanadium redox flow battery module is out of operation or is converted into PQ control and then is subjected to grid-connected operation according to a planned curve control mode.
10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: in the black start control mode, the DC/DC module is combined with the charge state of the all-vanadium redox flow battery module connected with the DC/DC module, a local balance control strategy is adopted to support the voltage of a low-voltage direct-current side bus of the DC/AC converter, the DC/AC converter is controlled by a virtual synchronous motor, and a frequency-active droop control mode is adopted in the virtual synchronous motor control strategy.
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| CN114465291A (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-05-10 | 浙江正泰仪器仪表有限责任公司 | Large-scale distributed flexible wind-solar storage charging-discharging alternating current-direct current hybrid system based on energy cloud interconnection and control system |
| CN218102598U (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-12-20 | 北京能高自动化技术股份有限公司 | Time-sharing multiplexing peak-load-regulation frequency-modulation power station constructed based on hybrid energy storage |
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| CN116191479A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-05-30 | 北京星辰新能科技有限公司 | System and method for simultaneously carrying out online peak regulation and frequency modulation on flow battery |
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