CN115222208B - Sewage treatment mechanism evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of water affairs, and provides a sewage treatment mechanism evaluation method. The evaluation method comprises the following steps: defining a data acquisition boundary of a sewage treatment mechanism and defining a carbon emission range; constructing a water-energy-carbon coupling model through normalization treatment, wherein the model comprises comprehensive coupling indexes for evaluating comprehensive operation efficiency of a sewage treatment mechanism and consistency indexes for evaluating development coordination degree of water, energy and carbon; and collecting or measuring water, energy and carbon data of the sewage treatment mechanism according to the water-energy-carbon coupling model, and evaluating the sewage treatment mechanism. The invention also includes a "water-energy-carbon" coupling model and its application. The 'water-energy-carbon' coupling model can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the operation condition of a sewage treatment mechanism, is more in line with objective actual conditions, and is beneficial to obtaining the optimal solution of water quality improvement, energy conservation and carbon reduction in the development process of a sewage treatment plant within the controllable range of the existing water, energy and carbon related factors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water affairs, and relates to application of a water-energy-carbon coupling model, in particular to application in operation evaluation of a sewage treatment plant.
Background
The water service industry is one of urban basic service industry, and the green, low-carbon and safe operation of the water service industry is an important guarantee for achieving the aims of carbon peak and carbon neutralization. And scientifically and accurately calculating the carbon emission of each link is an important premise for setting a carbon neutralization route map of a specific sewage treatment plant. Although some studies on carbon accounting in sewage treatment industry exist, there are large differences in accounting range division between domestic and foreign accounting methods. Guo Chengjie et al consider that the proportion of the indirect carbon emissions of the drug consumption class to the total carbon emissions is small and therefore neglected; while Song Baomu et al believe that the sewage treatment process consumes large amounts of medicament, thus accounting for such emissions. Xu et al only consider greenhouse gas emissions during the water treatment stage, while Zhang Yue et al include direct and indirect carbon-like emissions for sludge treatment and disposal. Furthermore, only biogenic CO is considered in the IPCC emissions list 2 Neglecting fossil source CO 2 However, hao Xiaode et al consider that the source of the organic matter in sewage should be divided and fossil carbon should be included in the total carbon emission range. Therefore, comparison of peer data among sewage treatment plants is limited, and the actual low-carbon operation effect of the sewage treatment plants is difficult to be scientifically reflected by the carbon accounting result.
The traditional sewage treatment plant is an accommodating station for urban wastewater, from environmental impact evaluation to environmental supervision, standard discharge of water quality is a main standard for various work checks, and according to the specification of GB18918, the concentration of effluent pollutants of the sewage treatment plant is limited by using a first-level A standard, a first-level B standard and the like. When the housing and urban and rural construction department compiles the operation quality evaluation standard of urban sewage treatment plants, the energy consumption level of the sewage treatment plants is checked through indexes such as unit sewage power consumption, unit oxygen consumption, pollutant power consumption and the like. For greenhouse gas emission, besides the conventional index of total carbon emission, the average carbon emission and the carbon emission of ton water are adopted by Zhang et al, compared with the carbon emission levels of different years of the sewage treatment departments in Chongqing, and the indexes of ton water energy consumption carbon emission, ton water material consumption carbon emission and the like are used by Song Baomu et al, so that the evaluation dimension of carbon emission is enriched again. With the improvement of the national requirements on water quality, energy consumption and carbon emission, the synergistic consideration of the three is a necessary trend, but the comprehensive index of 'water-energy-carbon' is not evaluated at present.
The water resource, the energy source and the greenhouse gas are closely related, so that only the system considers the water-energy-carbon, the optimal solution of water quality improvement, energy conservation and carbon reduction can be obtained. Coupling thinking is commonly accepted at present, wang et al explored the 'water-energy-carbon' coupling relation among Chinese industries, and found that the light industry, the heavy industry and the service industry are watertight concentrated, energy-intensive and carbon emission-intensive respectively; valdez et al quantified the "water-energy-carbon" relationship of the mexico stormwater collection system by a life assessment simulation model, demonstrating that collecting stormwater can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by three-fourths of the mexico urban water resource system and help to mitigate flood risk; zhang Qi et al studied the "water-energy-carbon" relationship in the steel industry and found that the addition of scrap steel to the converter, while reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, was at the expense of an increased water footprint. However, the research on the "water-energy-carbon" coupling of the complex system for sewage treatment is still insufficient at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water-energy-carbon coupling model capable of comprehensively evaluating the operation process of a sewage treatment mechanism.
Another technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for evaluating the operation condition of a sewage treatment mechanism by using the water-energy-carbon coupling model.
In one aspect, the invention provides a method for evaluating a sewage treatment mechanism, comprising the following steps:
step one, defining a data acquisition boundary of a sewage treatment mechanism and defining a carbon emission range;
step two, constructing a water-energy-carbon coupling model through normalization treatment, wherein the water-energy-carbon coupling model comprises one or more of comprehensive coupling indexes for evaluating comprehensive operation efficiency of a sewage treatment mechanism, consistency indexes for evaluating water, energy and carbon development coordination degree, a triangular graph of water-energy-carbon data or a bubble graph of water-energy-carbon data;
the comprehensive coupling index is constructed by respectively carrying out normalization treatment on factors influencing water, energy and carbon conditions in the sewage treatment mechanism and constructing the comprehensive coupling index by the sum of products of the weights of the factors and the normalized numerical values;
the consistency index is constructed by carrying out normalization treatment on water, energy and carbon data of a sewage treatment mechanism and analyzing fluctuation conditions of the water, energy and carbon data;
and thirdly, collecting or measuring water, energy and carbon data of the sewage treatment mechanism according to the water-energy-carbon coupling model, and evaluating the sewage treatment mechanism.
In the present invention, a sewage treatment facility includes a unit or organization related to sewage treatment, such as a sewage treatment plant, a sewage treatment organization, a sewage treatment institute, and the like.
In the present invention, the measured water, energy, carbon data is selected from, but not limited to, one or more of the following: water inflow, pollutant concentration in water inflow and water outflow, energy consumption and carbon emission. Factors affecting water, energy, carbon conditions in sewage treatment facilities include, but are not limited to: water inflow, water temperature, load factor, emission standard, pollutant water inflow and outflow concentration, pH, process, medicament addition amount, service area of sewage treatment mechanism, region, topography or management factors.
In the present invention, the carbon emissions can be divided into three ranges: range one, range two, and range three. Wherein the carbon data for range one is selected from one or more of the following: and (3) in the operation process of the sewage treatment mechanism, the emission of methane and nitrous oxide in structures of pretreatment, biological treatment, secondary sedimentation tank, advanced treatment, sludge concentration or sludge dehydration and drying, or the contribution value of carbon sink in the boundary range to carbon emission. The carbon data for range two is selected from one or more of the following: and energy consumption carbon emission generated by outsourcing heat and electricity in the construction, operation and dismantling processes of the sewage treatment mechanism. Carbon data in range three is selected from one or more of the following: waste generated in the construction, operation and dismantling processes of the sewage treatment mechanism, building materials in the construction process, medicaments of the sewage treatment mechanism and carbon emission generated in the transportation processes of the waste, the building materials and the medicaments.
In the invention, constructing a water-energy-carbon coupling model comprises, but is not limited to, constructing a comprehensive coupling index for evaluating comprehensive operation efficiency of a sewage treatment mechanism, a consistency index for evaluating water, energy and carbon development coordination degree, and can also comprise a triangle diagram or a bubble diagram based on water-energy-carbon data; in addition to the formulas used in the "water-energy-carbon" coupling model, the determination of the weight coefficients in the formulas for the specific situation of the wastewater treatment facility may also be included.
The method for evaluating the sewage treatment mechanism further comprises the step of grading the sewage treatment mechanism.
When the development coordination degree of water, energy and carbon is evaluated, 4 matching modes are adopted for the evaluation indexes, namely a ton water ash water footprint, a ton water energy footprint and a ton water carbon footprint; water quantity, ton water consumption and ton water carbon emission; pollutant removal amount, unit pollutant removal energy consumption and unit pollutant removal carbon emission; water quantity, total energy consumption and total carbon emissions.
In the present invention, the bubble chart may be used to evaluate the "water-energy-carbon" coupling relationship of a single or a plurality of sewage treatment mechanisms, and the water may be used as the abscissa and the ordinate, and the carbon may be represented by the color depth of the dot (the darker the color, the greater the carbon emission). And selecting a numerical value corresponding to a third quartile of water and energy to make a straight line parallel to a coordinate axis, dividing the bubble diagram into four areas I, II, III and IV, and defining the areas I and III as development coordination areas and the areas II and IV as development disorder areas.
In the invention, a triangular diagram can be used for evaluating the coupling relation of water, energy and carbon of a single or a plurality of sewage treatment mechanisms, the triangular diagram is divided into 7 areas, the area I is a water energy and carbon development coordination area, the area II is a low water amount area, the area III is a low energy consumption area, the area IV is a low carbon area, the area V is a high carbon area, the area VI is a high water amount area, and the area VII is a high energy consumption area.
On the other hand, the invention provides a water-energy-carbon coupling model, which makes clear that the water-energy-carbon coupling of the sewage treatment mechanism is evaluated from two aspects of comprehensive coupling index and development coordination degree of water, energy and carbon.
The method for constructing the water-energy-carbon coupling model comprises the following steps: collecting data such as water quality, water quantity and energy consumption of a sewage treatment mechanism, dividing and calculating a carbon emission range; establishing an index comprehensive coupling index CNI for evaluating comprehensive operation efficiency of the sewage treatment mechanism and an index consistency coefficient CI for evaluating development coordination degree of the three; the CNI, CI and its associated trigonometry, bubble diagram, etc. are used to evaluate the operating level of the wastewater treatment facility and to analyze the effect of various factors on the wastewater treatment facility's "water-energy-carbon" coupling.
The specific steps for constructing the water-energy-carbon coupling model are as follows:
step 1, defining a data acquisition boundary: collecting data such as water quality, water quantity, energy consumption and the like according to basic operation parameters of a sewage treatment mechanism, defining a carbon emission range frame according to a greenhouse gas accounting guideline, and calculating;
step 2, establishing an index comprehensive coupling index CNI for evaluating comprehensive operation efficiency of the sewage treatment mechanism: respectively adopting a fitting formula to normalize three indexes of water, energy and carbon, constructing CNI by the sum of the products of the weights of the three indexes and the normalized numerical values, and defining the grading rule of the CNI;
step 3, establishing index consistency coefficients CI for evaluating development coordination degrees of the three components: and carrying out normalization processing on the data, analyzing the fluctuation condition of the data to construct CI, and dividing the consistency grade.
After the construction of the water-energy-carbon coupling model is finished, the step 4: evaluation of sewage treatment agency operating level: the operation level of the sewage treatment mechanism is comprehensively evaluated through CNI indexes, CI indexes, a triangular diagram and a bubble diagram, and the influence of each factor on the water-energy-carbon coupling of the sewage treatment mechanism is explored.
The 'water-energy-carbon' coupling model of the invention sets an index comprehensive coupling index CNI (Comprehensive Nexus Index) for evaluating the comprehensive operation efficiency of the sewage treatment mechanism,
wherein ,γi Weights for the ith variable; i i Normalized index for the ith variable.
In the process of calculating the CNI index, when the normalization treatment is carried out on the water quantity, the energy consumption and the carbon emission, the water quantity is normalized by using a logarithmic relation, and the energy consumption and the carbon emission are normalized by using a quadratic function relation.
The comprehensive coupling index of water, energy and carbon of the sewage treatment mechanism is evaluated as CNI WEC Specifying that CNI is 80-80 WEC Is not more than 100 and not more than 70 CNI WEC Good with < 80 and CNI of 60-60% WEC Preferably less than 70, CNI is 40-less WEC < 60 is generally 0 < CNI WEC A < 40 is poor.
Preferably, when the comprehensive coupling index is constructed according to water, energy and carbon data only, the comprehensive coupling index is CNI WEC ；
or
CNI WEC The formula of (2) is as follows:
CNI WEC ＝100(γ 1 I 1 +γ 2 I 2 +γ 3 I 3 ) Formula (II)
I 1 ＝α 1 +α 2 lnW (III)
I 2 ＝α 3 E 2 +α 4 E+α 5 (IV)
I 3 ＝α 6 C 2 +α 7 C+α 8 (V)
wherein ,γ1 、γ 2 、γ 3 Weight factors of water, energy and carbon are respectively 0 < gamma i ＜1，
The value of γ may be 0 to 1, for example, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, etc., and a fraction may be used.
I 1 、I 2 、I 3 Respectively normalizing the water quantity, the water consumption per ton and the carbon emission per ton;
w is water amount, unit is 10 6 Ton of water;
e is ton water energy consumption, and the unit is kWh/t;
c is carbon emission of ton water, and the unit is kgCO 2 eq/t；
α 1 、α 2 、α 3 、α 4 、α 5 、α 6 、α 7 、α 8 To fit coefficients, alpha 3 、α 5 、α 6 、α 8 ＞0、α 4 、α 7 ＜0；
In general, the larger the water quantity, the smaller the water consumption per ton, and the smaller the carbon emission per ton, the larger the normalized value. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, α1 to α8 obtained after normalization processing according to the following information are shown in table 4: the largest Asia sewage treatment plant is Shanghai white airport sewage treatment plant, and the current treatment capacity reaches 280 ten thousand m 3 /d；<Energy consumption statistics and benchmark analysis of Chinese town sewage treatment plant>FIG. a. In the scale of a sewage plant, the median of the water is (2-5) ×10 4 m 3 /d；<Energy consumption statistics and benchmark analysis of Chinese town sewage treatment plant>Statistical analysis is carried out on 1291 sewage treatment plants in China to obtain the average value of ton water energy consumption of 0.317+/-0.229 kWh/t, and the unit energy consumption is 0.030-1.418kWh/t in a 95% confidence interval;<greenhouse gas emission accounting and space-time characteristic distribution of China town sewage treatment industry>The average emission intensity of plant grade greenhouse gases of urban sewage treatment plants in 2016 China is 0.612kg/m 3 ；<Energy consumption evaluation and carbon emission analysis of sewage plant in Haohe area>The carbon emission of the A sewage plant is 1.94kg CO 2 eq/t。
The class of the composite coupling index CNI includes, but is not limited to: excellent, good, better, general, worse. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the comprehensive coupling index CNI of the sewage treatment mechanism is evaluated to be excellent, wherein CNI is 80-100, CNI is 70-80, CNI is 60-70, CNI is 40-60, and CNI is 0-40.
In order to obtain specific data of carbon emission, the invention refers to the definition of GHG protocol on the emission range of commodity and service greenhouse gases, and divides the greenhouse gas emission of a sewage treatment mechanism into three ranges, namely a range one, a range two and a range three. The first range is the contribution value of carbon sink to carbon emission in the range of factory in the structures such as pretreatment, biological treatment, secondary sedimentation tank, advanced treatment, sludge concentration, sludge dewatering and drying and the like in the operation process of the sewage treatment mechanism; the second range is energy consumption carbon-like emission generated by outsourcing heat, electricity and the like in the construction, operation and dismantling processes of the sewage treatment mechanism; the third range is the waste produced in the construction, operation and dismantling processes of the sewage treatment mechanism, building materials in the construction process, and carbon emission produced in the transportation processes of the waste, the building materials and the agents in the sewage treatment plant.
Further, according to the formula corresponding to the range one, two and three carbon emission list in IPCC2019 and the provincial greenhouse gas list programming guide, the carbon emission of the sewage treatment system is calculated according to the following specific calculation formula:
wherein: CF-total carbon emissions from wastewater treatment system (kg/C02 eq);
methane carbon dioxide emission equivalent (kg/CO) of sewage treatment system 2 eq)；/>
-sewage treatment system oxynitEquivalent amount of nitrogen and carbon dioxide emissions (kg/CO) 2 eq)；E Energy Sewage treatment system energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission equivalent (kg/CO) 2 eq)；E C -the sewage treatment system agent consumes carbon dioxide emission equivalent (kg/CO) 2 eq)；/>
Methane carbon dioxide emission equivalent (kg/CO) discharged into the receiving water body 2 eq)；/>
Nitrous oxide carbon dioxide emission equivalent (kg/CO) into the receiving water body 2 eq)；
Range one:
wherein: v-water inflow (t/d) of the sewage treatment system; BOD (BOD) in -the BOD concentration (mg/L) of the incoming water of the sewage treatment system; BOD (BOD) out -BOD concentration (mg/L) of effluent from the wastewater treatment system; b (B) 0 Maximum methane production capacity, 0.6kg CH was taken according to the provincial greenhouse gas inventory guidelines (trial) 4 /kgBOD; MCF-methane correction factor, according to the provincial greenhouse gas list, compiling guide (trial) and taking 0.165;
-the global warming potential value of methane, according to the provincial greenhouse gas inventory guidelines (trial), IPCC, second evaluation report, 21;
wherein: v-water inflow (t/d) of the sewage treatment system; TN (TN) in -the concentration of TN (mg/L) of the wastewater treatment system influent; TN (TN) out -the concentration (mg/L) of the effluent TN of the sewage treatment system;
nitrous oxide emission factor; 44/28-conversion factor; />
The global warming potential value of nitrous oxide is obtained according to the provincial greenhouse gas list guideline (trial) and IPCC (report for second assessment), 310.
And a second range:
wherein: e, power consumption (kW.h) of the sewage treatment system in the operation stage; EF (electric F) Energy -an electrical power consumption emission factor;
the global warming potential value of carbon dioxide is 1 according to the provincial greenhouse gas inventory guidelines (trial) and IPCC second evaluation report.
And (3) a range III:
in the formula ：
-carbon dioxide emission factor (kgCO) of class i agent 2 /kg)；C i -consumption (kg) of class i agent; />
The global warming potential value of carbon dioxide is 1 according to the provincial greenhouse gas inventory guidelines (trial) and IPCC second evaluation report.
Wherein: v-water inflow (t/d) of the sewage treatment system; BOD (BOD) out -BOD concentration (mg/L) of effluent from the wastewater treatment system; b (B) 0 Maximum methane production capacity, 0.6kg CH was taken according to the provincial greenhouse gas inventory guidelines (trial) 4 /kgBOD; MCF-methane correction factor, according to the provincial greenhouse gas list, compiling guide (trial) and taking 0.1;
-the global warming potential value of methane, according to the provincial greenhouse gas inventory guidelines (trial), IPCC, second evaluation report, 21;
wherein: v-water inflow (t/d) of the sewage treatment system; TN (TN) out -the concentration (mg/L) of the effluent TN of the sewage treatment system;
-nitrous oxide emission factor; 44/28 c-conversion factor; />
The global warming potential value of nitrous oxide is obtained according to the provincial greenhouse gas list guideline (trial) and IPCC (report for second assessment), 310.
CF is the total carbon emissions, the ratio of CF to water is either ton of water carbon emissions or ton of water carbon footprint, and the ratio of CF to contaminant removal is the unit of contaminant removal carbon emissions.
In the invention, when the development coordination degree of water, energy and carbon is evaluated, the evaluation index is selected from any one of the following four matching modes:
(1) a ton water ash water footprint, a ton water energy footprint, and a ton water carbon footprint;
(2) water quantity, ton water consumption and ton water carbon emission;
(3) pollutant removal amount, unit pollutant removal energy consumption and unit pollutant removal carbon emission;
(4) water quantity, total energy consumption and total carbon emissions.
The "water-energy-carbon" coupling relationship of a single or multiple wastewater treatment facilities can be evaluated using a bubble map or a triangular map.
In the present invention, the consistency index may be a consistency coefficient CI.
The formula of the consistency coefficient CI is as follows:
wherein ,
w is water index;
e is an energy consumption index;
c is a carbon emission index;
w' is the normalized water index;
e' is the normalized energy consumption index;
c' is the normalized carbon index;
W MAX 、E MAX 、C MAX respectively water and energyMaximum in consumption and carbon emissions;
W MIN 、E MIN 、C MIN respectively minimum values in water, energy consumption and carbon emission;
a is the average value of the three components after normalization.
In the present invention, the level of the consistency coefficient CI may include, but is not limited to: superior, good, general, inferior. If CI is more than 80 and less than or equal to 100, the coordination of water, energy and carbon is better; if CI is more than 60 and less than or equal to 80, the coordination of the three is good; if CI is more than 30 and less than or equal to 60, the coordination of the three is common; if CI is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 30, the coordination of the three is poor.
The bubble diagram is used for evaluating the 'water-energy-carbon' coupling relation of single or multiple sewage treatment mechanisms, and the water-energy-carbon coupling relation can be classified into coordination, disorder and the like. The bubble diagram is divided into four areas I, II, III and IV by taking the numerical value corresponding to the third quartile of water and energy as a straight line parallel to the coordinate axis, the areas I and III are defined as development coordination areas, and the areas II and IV are defined as development disorder areas. The use of a triangle graph to evaluate the "water-energy-carbon" coupling relationship of a single or multiple wastewater treatment facilities can be classified into coordination, imbalance, etc. For example, the triangular diagram is divided into 7 areas, wherein the area I is a water energy and carbon development coordination area, the area II is a low water amount area, the area III is a low energy consumption area, the area IV is a low carbon area, the area V is a high carbon area, the area VI is a high water amount area, and the area VII is a high energy consumption area.
In still another aspect, the invention also provides application of the water-energy-carbon coupling model, wherein the water-energy-carbon coupling model is used for evaluating the operation of a sewage treatment mechanism, or the operation level of the sewage treatment mechanism is improved by exploring the influence of each factor on the water-energy-carbon coupling of the sewage treatment mechanism. For example, according to the constructed "water-energy-carbon" coupling model, selecting desired water, energy, carbon input data, evaluating the operating level of the wastewater treatment facility using CNI, CI, trigonometry, and/or bubble map or improving the operating level of the wastewater treatment facility; such factors include, but are not limited to: water inflow, water temperature, load factor, emission standard, pollutant water inflow and outflow concentration, pH, process, medicament addition amount, service area of sewage treatment mechanism, region, topography or management factors.
The invention provides a new thought for taking water, energy and carbon into consideration, and evaluates the operation level of the sewage treatment mechanism from two aspects of comprehensive operation efficiency and development coordination degree, thereby being objective and more in line with actual conditions. The water-energy-carbon coupling model provided by the invention can explore the influence of various factors such as water inflow, water temperature, load rate, emission standard, pollutant water inlet and outlet concentration, pH, process, medicament addition amount, service area of a sewage treatment mechanism, region (city/rural area), topography, management and the like on the water-energy-carbon coupling of the sewage treatment mechanism. The operation condition of the sewage treatment mechanism is evaluated by using the water-energy-carbon coupling model, so that the optimal solution of water quality improvement, energy conservation and carbon reduction in the development process of the sewage treatment mechanism can be obtained within the controllable range of the existing water, energy and carbon related factors.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that, for some embodiments of the present application, each drawing in the following description may be further obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of triangular partitioning of a "water-energy-carbon" coupling in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a triangular diagram of the "water-energy-carbon" coupling of sewage treatment plants in different seasons in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a triangular diagram of the "water-energy-carbon" coupling of a different sewage treatment plant in example 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a triangular diagram of the "water-energy-carbon" coupling of the sewage treatment plant of example 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of "water-energy-carbon" coupled bubbles of a wastewater treatment plant of different years in example 6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects existing in the existing evaluation method, the invention provides a water-energy-carbon coupling model and application thereof in operation evaluation of sewage treatment institutions.
The invention uses the comprehensive coupling index CNI (Comprehensive Nexus Index) to evaluate the comprehensive operation efficiency of the sewage treatment mechanism, and when the comprehensive coupling index is constructed according to water, energy and carbon data only, the comprehensive coupling index is CNI WEC The specific formula is as follows:
CNI WEC ＝100(γ 1 I 1 +γ 2 I 2 +γ 3 I 3 ) Formula (II)
I 1 ＝α 1 +α 2 lnW (III)
I 2 ＝α 3 E 2 +α 4 E+α 5 (IV)
I 3 ＝α 6 C 2 +α 7 C+α 8 (V)
in the formula ,γ1 、γ 2 、γ 3 Weight factors of water, energy and carbon are respectively 0 < gamma i ＜1，
In general, sewage treatment plants can be set to +.>
If the water quality is to be considered more important in a sewage treatment plant, the weighting factor of the water can be appropriately increased, for example, the weight factor of +.>
If the sewage treatment plant which pays more attention to energy consumption and carbon emission is subjected to the same weight setting conditions.
I 1 、I 2 、I 3 Respectively normalizing the water quantity, the water consumption per ton and the carbon emission per ton; w is water quantity (10) 6 t); e is ton water energy consumption (kWh/t); c is carbon emission (kgCO) of ton water 2 eq/t)；α 1 、α 2 、α 3 、α 4 、α 5 、α 6 、α 7 、α 8 To fit coefficients, alpha 3 、α 5 、α 6 、α 8 ＞0、α 4 、α 7 ＜0；
Specifying that CNI is 80-80 WEC Is not more than 100 and not more than 70 CNI WEC Good with < 80 and CNI of 60-60% WEC Preferably less than 70, CNI is 40-less WEC < 60 is generally 0 < CNI WEC A < 40 is poor.
Further, the consistency coefficient is used for representing the development coordination degree of water, energy and carbon, and the specific formula is as follows:
wherein W is water index; e is an energy consumption index; c is a carbon emission index; w' is the normalized water index; e' is the normalized energy consumption index; c' is the normalized carbon index; w (W) MAX 、E MAX 、C MAX Respectively the maximum value of water, energy consumption and carbon emission; w (W) MIN 、E MIN 、C MIN Respectively minimum values in water, energy consumption and carbon emission; a is the average value of the three after normalization; CI is the consistency coefficient of the three.
If CI is more than 80 and less than or equal to 100, the coordination of the three is better; if CI is more than 60 and less than or equal to 80, the coordination of the three is good; if CI is more than 30 and less than or equal to 60, the coordination of the three is common; if CI is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30, the coordination of the three is poor.
It is worth noting that when describing the development coordination degree of water, energy and carbon, there are 4 index matching modes, namely a ton water ash water footprint, a ton water energy footprint and a ton water carbon footprint; water quantity, ton water consumption and ton water carbon emission; pollutant removal amount, unit pollutant removal energy consumption and unit pollutant removal carbon emission; water quantity, total energy consumption and total carbon emission intensity.
Further, the coupling relation of water-energy-carbon of a single sewage treatment mechanism or a plurality of sewage treatment mechanisms is evaluated, and the coupling relation can be represented by a bubble chart, so that the normalization treatment of water, energy and carbon data is regulated before use. Water can be used as an abscissa and carbon can be represented by the color shade of the dot (the darker the color, the greater the carbon emissions). The numerical value corresponding to the third quartile of water and energy is selected to be a straight line parallel to the coordinate axis, the bubble diagram is divided into four areas I, II, III and IV, the area III containing the origin is an area III, the area IV, the area I and the area II are sequentially arranged clockwise, the area I and the area III are defined as development coordination areas, and the area II and the area IV are defined as development disorder areas.
Further, the coupling relation of water, energy and carbon of a single sewage treatment mechanism or a plurality of sewage treatment mechanisms is evaluated, and can be expressed by a triangular chart, and the normalization treatment of water, energy and carbon data is regulated before use. The triangular diagram is divided into 7 areas, wherein an area I is a water energy carbon development coordination area, an area II is a low water quantity area, an area III is a low energy consumption area, an area IV is a low carbon area, an area V is a high carbon area, an area VI is a high water quantity area, and an area VII is a high energy consumption area. Fig. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a triangular partition of a "water-energy-carbon" coupling.
It is worth noting that the influence of factors such as water inflow, water temperature, load factor, emission standard, pollutant water inlet and outlet concentration, pH, service area of a sewage treatment mechanism, process, medicament addition amount, region (city/rural area), topography and the like on the water-energy-carbon coupling of the sewage treatment mechanism can be further explored through a triangular diagram and a bubble diagram.
The technical solutions will be clearly and completely described below by means of embodiments of the present application, it being apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the preferred embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the inventors, are within the scope of the present application based on the embodiments herein.
A certain sewage treatment plant F is selected as a case factory, the design treatment scale of the sewage treatment plant is 15 ten thousand tons/day, an improved AAO denitrification and dephosphorization+advanced treatment process is adopted, and effluent is implemented in the discharge limit of main water pollutants of urban sewage treatment plants in Taihu area and key industrial industry (DB 32/1072-2018).
Example 1
The F greenhouse gas emission of the sewage treatment plant is divided into three ranges, and the specific list is as follows,
TABLE 1 list of first, second and third carbon emissions for a sewage treatment plant
And calculating the carbon emission of the sewage treatment system according to the corresponding ranges of the first, second and third carbon emission list in IPCC2019 and the provincial greenhouse gas list establishment guideline.
Taking 2017 as an example, the equivalent carbon dioxide emission results of the range one, the range two and the range three of 1 month to 12 months are calculated as shown in table 2.
Table 2 results of carbon dioxide emissions equivalent for month ranges one, two and three
Example 2
Selecting CNI WEC As an index for evaluating the comprehensive operation efficiency of the sewage treatment plant, setting a weight factor
α 1 、α 2 、α 3 、α 4 、α 5 、α 6 、α 7 、α 8 The values identified in table 4 may be selected. The larger the default water quantity, the smaller the ton water energy consumption and the smaller the ton water carbon emission, the larger the normalized numerical value.
The data in the following table are derived from the following information: the largest Asia sewage treatment plant is Shanghai white airport sewage treatment plant, and the current treatment capacity reaches 280 ten thousand m 3 /d；<Energy consumption statistics and benchmark analysis of Chinese town sewage treatment plant>FIG. a. In the scale of a sewage plant, the median of the water is (2-5) ×10 4 m 3 /d；<Energy consumption statistics and benchmark analysis of Chinese town sewage treatment plant>Statistical analysis is carried out on 1291 sewage treatment plants in China to obtain the average value of ton water energy consumption of 0.317+/-0.229 kWh/t, and the unit energy consumption is 0.030-1.418kWh/t in a 95% confidence interval;<greenhouse gas emission accounting and space-time characteristic distribution of China town sewage treatment industry>The average emission intensity of plant grade greenhouse gases of urban sewage treatment plants in 2016 China is 0.612kg/m 3 ；<Energy consumption evaluation and carbon emission analysis of sewage plant in Haohe area>The carbon emission of the A sewage plant is 1.94kg CO 2 eq/t. And (3) injection: the minimum value of ton water consumption and ton water carbon emission is 0, and the minimum value is set to be 0.001 because the water quantity is normalized by the logarithmic relationship subsequently.
Table 3 sets the water, energy and carbon normalization results
The result is obtained:
TABLE 4 alpha 1 -α 8 Is calculated according to the calculation result of (2)
Then CNI WEC The calculation formula is as follows:
I 1 ＝0.88+0.12lnW
I 2 ＝0.7E 2 -1.7E+1
I 3 ＝0.24C 2 -C+1
in the formula ,I1 、I 2 、I 3 Respectively normalizing the water quantity, the water consumption per ton and the carbon emission per ton; w is water quantity (10) 6 t); e is ton water energy consumption (kWh/t); c is carbon emission (kgCO) of ton water 2 eq/t)。
Taking the annual average of sewage treatment plant F as an example, data are obtained: the water quantity is 138485t, the energy consumption per ton of water is 0.28kWh/t, and the carbon emission per ton of water is 0.48kg CO 2 eq/t. Substituting the formula to obtain:
TABLE 5 CNI WEC Is calculated according to the calculation result of (2)
Specifying that CNI is 80-80 WEC Is not more than 100 and not more than 70 CNI WEC Good with < 80 and CNI of 60-60% WEC Preferably less than 70, CNI is 40-less WEC < 60 is generally 0 < CNI WEC A < 40 is poor. So the comprehensive operation efficiency of the sewage treatment plant F is better.
Example 3
The influence of water temperature on F 'water-energy-carbon' coupling of a sewage treatment plant is explored by selecting a triangular diagram, 1, 2 and 3 months are selected as water low-temperature time periods, 7, 8 and 9 months are selected as water high-temperature time periods, coordinates are water quantity, water ton energy consumption and water ton carbon emission, the water quantity, water ton energy consumption and water ton carbon emission in the water high-temperature time periods and the low-temperature time periods are averaged, and a used numerical table is shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 average of water yield, water consumption per ton and carbon emission per ton at different temperatures
The data is normalized, and the triangle diagram obtained by drawing is shown in fig. 2.
It can be seen from the triangular diagram that the temperature has an influence on the water-energy-carbon coupling of the sewage treatment plant, and the energy consumption is higher at low temperature compared with the high temperature condition.
Example 4
The triangular diagram is selected to explore the coupling condition of 'water-energy-carbon' of different sewage treatment plants, coordinates are selected to be water quantity, water energy consumption per ton and carbon emission per ton, and the used numerical table is shown in table 7.
TABLE 7 results of water consumption and carbon emission for ton water from different sewage treatment plants
The data is normalized, and the triangle diagram obtained by drawing is shown in fig. 3.
The triangle diagram shows that the 'water-energy-carbon' coupling states of different sewage treatment plants are different.
Example 5
The triangular diagram is selected to explore the coupling condition of 'water-energy-carbon' of the sewage treatment plant F in different years, and 2007, 2009, 2017 and 2021 are taken as an example, coordinates of water quantity, water ton energy consumption and carbon ton water emission are selected, and a used numerical table is shown in table 8.
TABLE 8 coupling conditions of "Water-energy-carbon" for different years of sewage treatment plant F
The data is normalized, and the triangle diagram obtained by drawing is shown in fig. 4.
The triangle diagram shows that the 'water-energy-carbon' coupling states of the same sewage treatment plant are different in different years, and a certain change trend exists. In 2007 to 2021, the image moves to the right, the treated water amount of the sewage treatment plant is increased, the water consumption per ton is increased, and under the change trend, the carbon emission control per ton is better. The data points are more located in the development coordination area according to the regional conditions of 2007 and 2009.
Example 6
The bubble diagram is selected to explore the coupling condition of 'water-energy-carbon' of the sewage treatment plant F in different years, taking the daily average value of 2007, 2009, 2017 and 2021 as an example, coordinates of a ton water ash water footprint, a ton water energy footprint and a ton water carbon footprint are selected, the ton water ash water footprint (EnF) is taken as an abscissa, the ton water energy footprint (GWP) is taken as an ordinate, and the ton water Carbon Footprint (CF) is represented by the color of a dot (the darker the color is, the larger the value of the ton water carbon footprint is represented). The data are normalized, the numerical value EnF=0.395 corresponding to the third quartile of water and energy is selected, GWF=0.254 is taken as a straight line parallel to the coordinate axis, the bubble diagram is divided into four areas I, II, III and IV, the area III containing the origin is an area III, the area IV, the area I and the area II are clockwise in sequence, the area I and the area III are defined as development coordination areas, and the area II and the area IV are defined as development disorder areas. The bubble diagram obtained by drawing is shown in fig. 5.
The bubble diagram shows that the 'water-energy-carbon' coupling states of the same sewage treatment plant are different in different years, a certain change trend exists, and the dispersion degree of the points is also different. The 2009 data points are mostly located in the development coordination area, and the 2021 data points are mostly located in the development disorder area.
Example 7
According to example 5, the water, energy and carbon of sewage treatment plant F were found to have a better degree of coordination in 2007 and 2009. According to example 6, the water, energy and carbon in 2009 of sewage treatment plant F were found to have better development coordination and worse 2021.
The uniformity coefficient CI for four years 2007, 2009, 2017, 2021 was calculated according to the following formula,
wherein W is a water index; e is an energy consumption index; c is a carbon emission index; w' is the normalized water index; e' is the normalized energy consumption index; c' is the normalized carbon index; w (W) MAX 、E MAX 、C MAX Respectively the maximum value of water, energy consumption and carbon emission; w (W) MIN 、E MIN 、C MIN Respectively minimum values in water, energy consumption and carbon emission; a is the average value of the three after normalization; CI is the consistency coefficient of the three.
The calculation results are shown in Table 9.
Table 9 results of CI value calculations for different years
It can be seen that the water, energy and carbon development coordination degree of the sewage treatment plant F in 2007 is best, and the water, energy and carbon development coordination degree of the sewage treatment plant F in 2009 is worse in 2021, and the water, energy and carbon development coordination degree is consistent with the results of a triangular diagram and a bubble diagram.
Example 8
Selecting CNI WEC As an evaluation of the integrated operation of a sewage treatment plantIndex of efficiency, set weight factor
α 1 、α 2 、α 3 、α 4 、α 5 、α 6 、α 7 、α 8 The values in table 11 may be selected. The larger the default water quantity, the smaller the ton water energy consumption and the smaller the ton water carbon emission, the larger the normalized numerical value.
The data in the following table are derived from the following information: the current treatment capacity of Asia maximum sewage treatment plant is 280 ten thousand m for Shanghai white airport sewage treatment plant 3 /d；<Energy consumption statistics and benchmark analysis of Chinese town sewage treatment plant>FIG. a. In the scale of a sewage plant, the median of the water is (2-5) ×10 4 m 3 /d；<Energy consumption statistics and benchmark analysis of Chinese town sewage treatment plant>Statistical analysis is carried out on 1291 sewage treatment plants in China to obtain the average value of ton water energy consumption of 0.317+/-0.229, and the unit energy consumption is 0.030-1.418 in a 95% confidence interval;<greenhouse gas emission accounting and space-time characteristic distribution of China town sewage treatment industry>The average emission intensity of plant grade greenhouse gases of urban sewage treatment plants in 2016 China is 0.612kg/m 3 ；<Energy consumption evaluation and carbon emission analysis of sewage plant in Haohe area>The carbon emission of the A sewage plant is 1.94kg CO 2 eq/t. And (3) injection: the water consumption per ton and the carbon emission per ton are 0 at the minimum, and the minimum is set to be 0.001 because the water quantity is normalized by the logarithmic relationship.
Table 10 sets the water, energy, and carbon normalization results
The result is obtained:
TABLE 11 alpha 1 -α 8 Is calculated according to the calculation result of (2)
Then CNI WEC The calculation formula is as follows:
I 1 ＝0.88+0.12lnW
I 2 ＝0.7E 2 -1.7E+1
I 3 ＝0.24C 2 -C+1
in the formula ,I1 、I 2 、I 3 Respectively normalizing the water quantity, the water consumption per ton and the carbon emission per ton; w is water quantity (10) 6 t); e is ton water energy consumption (kWh/t); c is carbon emission (kgCO) of ton water 2 eq/t)。
Setting the daily treatment water quantity of a sewage treatment plant to 500000t, the energy consumption of ton water to 0.2kWh/t and the carbon emission of ton water to 0.7kg CO 2 eq/t. Substituting the formula to obtain:
TABLE 12 CNI WEC Is calculated according to the calculation result of (2)
Specifying that CNI is 80-80 WEC Is not more than 100 and not more than 70 CNI WEC Good with < 80 and CNI of 60-60% WEC Preferably less than 70, CNI is 40-less WEC < 60 is generally 0 < CNI WEC A < 40 is poor. So the comprehensive operation efficiency of the sewage treatment plant is better.
If only the weighting factor is changed, i.e. gamma 1 、γ 2 、γ 3 Setting gamma 1 ＝γ 2 ＝1/6、γ 3 =2/3, the other parameters are unchanged,
then CNI WEC The calculation formula is as follows:
I 1 ＝0.88+0.12lnW
I 2 ＝0.7E 2 -1.7E+1
I 3 ＝0.24C 2 -C+1
in the formula ,I1 、I 2 、I 3 Respectively normalizing the water quantity, the water consumption per ton and the carbon emission per ton; w is water quantity (10) 6 t); e is ton water energy consumption (kWh/t); c is carbon emission (kgCO) of ton water 2 eq/t)。
Setting the daily treatment water quantity of a sewage treatment plant to 500000t, the energy consumption of ton water to 0.2kWh/t and the carbon emission of ton water to 0.7kg CO 2 eq/t, substituting the formula to obtain:
TABLE 13 CNI WEC Is calculated according to the calculation result of (2)
Specifying that CNI is 80-80 WEC Is not more than 100 and not more than 70 CNI WEC Good with < 80 and CNI of 60-60% WEC Preferably less than 70, CNI is 40-less WEC < 60 is generally 0 < CNI WEC A < 40 is poor. So the comprehensive operation efficiency of the sewage treatment plant is general.
The conclusion can be revealed by the formula of the invention.
Example 9
Setting the daily treatment water quantity of 200000t of a sewage treatment plant, the energy consumption of ton water is 0.7kWh/t, and the carbon emission of ton water is 0.7kg CO 2 eq/t, and the effluent meets the standard of DB 32/1072-2018. If the water quality of the effluent of the sewage treatment plant is evaluated according to the evaluation index of the water quality of the effluent of the sewage treatment plant, the water quality of the effluent of the sewage treatment plant is good, and the evaluation requirement is met.
Referring to all the parameter settings and formulas in example 2, it is possible to obtain:
TABLE 14CNI WEC Is calculated according to the calculation result of (2)
Specifying that CNI is 80-80 WEC Is not more than 100 and not more than 70 CNI WEC Good with < 80 and CNI of 60-60% WEC Preferably less than 70, CNI is 40-less WEC < 60 is generally 0 < CNI WEC A < 40 is poor. So the comprehensive operation efficiency of the sewage treatment plant is poor. The sewage treatment plant is typically described as "condition of water quality with energy consumption". The assessment index of the invention is more comprehensive and comprehensive.
The above-described embodiments are merely specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be suggested by one skilled in the art without creative efforts are intended to be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims in the present application.
Claims (6)
1. The evaluation method for the sewage treatment mechanism is characterized by ensuring the quality of effluent water and simultaneously saving energy and reducing carbon, and comprises the following steps of:
step one, defining a data acquisition boundary of a sewage treatment mechanism, defining a carbon emission range, and acquiring water, energy and carbon data of sewage treated by the sewage treatment mechanism;
step two, constructing a water-energy-carbon coupling model through normalization treatment, wherein the water-energy-carbon coupling model comprises comprehensive coupling indexes for evaluating comprehensive operation efficiency of a sewage treatment mechanism;
the comprehensive coupling index is constructed by respectively carrying out normalization treatment on factors influencing water, energy and carbon conditions in the sewage treatment mechanism and constructing the comprehensive coupling index by the sum of products of the weights of the factors and the normalized numerical values;
the comprehensive coupling index is CNI WEC ；
CNI WEC In the construction process, the water quantity, the energy consumption and the carbon are reducedDuring emission normalization treatment, the water quantity is normalized by using a logarithmic relation, and the energy consumption and the carbon emission are normalized by using a quadratic function relation;
CNI WEC the formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein ,
weight factors of water, energy and carbon respectively, < ->
I 1 、I 2 、I 3 Respectively normalizing the water quantity, the water consumption per ton and the carbon emission per ton;
w is water amount, unit is 10 6 Ton of water;
e is ton water energy consumption, and the unit is kWh/t;
c is carbon emission of ton water, and the unit is kgCO 2 eq/t；
Step three, collecting or measuring water, energy and carbon data of the sewage treatment mechanism according to a water-energy-carbon coupling model, and evaluating the sewage treatment mechanism;
the water, energy and carbon data comprise: water inflow, pollutant concentration in water inflow and water outflow, energy consumption and carbon emission;
the carbon emissions are divided into three ranges: range one, range two, and range three; wherein the carbon data for range one is selected from one or more of the following: the emission of methane and nitrous oxide in structures of pretreatment, biological treatment, secondary sedimentation tank, advanced treatment, sludge concentration or sludge dehydration and desiccation in the operation process of the sewage treatment mechanism, and the contribution value of carbon sink to carbon emission within the boundary range; the carbon data for range two is selected from one or more of the following: energy consumption carbon-like emission generated by outsourcing heat and electricity in the construction, operation and dismantling processes of the sewage treatment mechanism; carbon data in range three is selected from one or more of the following: waste generated in the construction, operation and dismantling processes of the sewage treatment mechanism, building materials in the construction process, medicaments of the sewage treatment mechanism and carbon emission generated in the transportation processes of the waste, the building materials and the medicaments.
2. The method for evaluating a sewage treatment facility according to claim 1, wherein the evaluating method comprises: and (3) using a triangular diagram or a bubble diagram of the water-energy-carbon data to know the fluctuation condition of the water quality and the energy-saving carbon reduction data of the sewage treatment mechanism or evaluating the development coordination degree of the water quality and the energy-saving carbon reduction data of the water.
3. The method for evaluating a sewage treatment facility according to claim 2, wherein the method further comprises the step of classifying the sewage treatment facility: alternatively, the class of the composite coupling index CNI includes, but is not limited to: excellent, good, better, general, worse; the rank of the consistency factor CI includes, but is not limited to: better, generally worse; the levels of the triangle or bubble diagram include, but are not limited to: coordination, maladjustment.
4. The method for evaluating a sewage treatment facility according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation index is selected from any one of the following four matching patterns when evaluating the degree of coordination of development of water, energy and carbon:
(1) a ton water ash water footprint, a ton water energy footprint, and a ton water carbon footprint;
(2) water quantity, ton water consumption and ton water carbon emission;
(3) pollutant removal amount, unit pollutant removal energy consumption and unit pollutant removal carbon emission; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
(4) water quantity, total energy consumption and total carbon emissions.
5. The method for evaluating a sewage treatment facility according to claim 1, further comprising a consistency index for evaluating a degree of coordination of water, energy and carbon development, wherein the consistency index is a consistency coefficient CI;
the formula of the consistency coefficient CI is as follows:
wherein 
；
W is water index;
e is an energy consumption index;
c is a carbon emission index;
w' is the normalized water index;
e' is the normalized energy consumption index;
c' is the normalized carbon index;
W MAX 、E MAX 、C MAX respectively the maximum value of water, energy consumption and carbon emission;
W MIN 、E MIN 、C MIN respectively minimum values in water, energy consumption and carbon emission;
a is the average value of the three components after normalization.
6. The method for evaluating a sewage treatment facility according to claim 5, wherein the comprehensive coupling index CNI of the sewage treatment facility is evaluated to be excellent in that CNI is 80.ltoreq.CNI.ltoreq.100, CNI is 70.ltoreq.80, CNI is 60.ltoreq.CNI is 70, CNI is 40.ltoreq.CNI is 60, and CNI is 0.ltoreq.CNI is 40; or for the consistency coefficient CI, if CI is more than 80 and less than or equal to 100, the coordination of water, energy and carbon is better; if CI is more than 60 and less than or equal to 80, the coordination of the three is good; if CI is more than 30 and less than or equal to 60, the coordination of the three is common; if CI is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 30, the coordination of the three is poor.
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| AU2021100706A4 (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-04-22 | Beijing Institute Of Technology | An Integrated Assessment Method of Climate Change Based on Multi-Source Carbon Data |
| CN113554296A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-10-26 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Multi-index evaluation method for planning of park comprehensive energy system |
| CN114139846A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-03-04 | 深圳卓越智联科技有限公司 | Metro carbon accounting and carbon neutralization evaluation system and evaluation method |
| CN114239230A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-25 | 中节能国祯环保科技股份有限公司 | Method for constructing carbon emission evaluation index system of sewage treatment plant |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| AU2021100706A4 (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-04-22 | Beijing Institute Of Technology | An Integrated Assessment Method of Climate Change Based on Multi-Source Carbon Data |
| CN113554296A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-10-26 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Multi-index evaluation method for planning of park comprehensive energy system |
| CN114139846A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-03-04 | 深圳卓越智联科技有限公司 | Metro carbon accounting and carbon neutralization evaluation system and evaluation method |
| CN114239230A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-25 | 中节能国祯环保科技股份有限公司 | Method for constructing carbon emission evaluation index system of sewage treatment plant |
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