CN114139846A - Metro carbon accounting and carbon neutralization evaluation system and evaluation method - Google Patents
Metro carbon accounting and carbon neutralization evaluation system and evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a subway carbon accounting and carbon neutralization evaluation system and an evaluation method, comprising a subway station building carbon metering evaluation method and a subway station building carbon neutralization evaluation method; the subway station building carbon metering evaluation method comprises the following steps: s1: determining an accounting target and a target boundary range, wherein the boundary range is determined according to the building full life cycle of the determined accounting target, and the building full life cycle is divided by taking an operation stage as a standard: a building construction stage; the method can fill the defects and blanks of a series of standard method systems related to carbon metering and carbon neutralization evaluation of the subway stations in China, and can be used for evaluating the carbon emission of the subway stations in a specific space-time range by constructing a clear, easy-to-use and consistent method system, so that the method can be helpful for gradually realizing the refined management of carbon emission reduction and assisting to achieve the carbon neutralization target; the method reasonably quantifies and scientifically evaluates the carbon emission of the subway station, and is beneficial to constructing a carbon evaluation and carbon reduction, energy conservation and consumption reduction system of the subway station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of urban rail transit sustainable development, and aims to establish a Carbon metering Model (SSCECM-Carbon Emission calibration Model for Subway station) and a Carbon neutralization Evaluation System (SSCNES-Carbon Neutral Evaluation System for Subway station) in the whole life cycle of a Subway station from the establishment of a theoretical method System and the development dimension of a software platform.
Background
In subway operation, energy consumption is rising year by year, and the main energy consumption is power consumption load. According to the analysis of the energy consumption statistical data of the current operation line, the electricity consumption of the vehicle accounts for 50-60% of the total electricity consumption, the electricity consumption of the station and the base accounts for 40-50% of the total electricity consumption, the power, lighting and ventilation air-conditioning system in the station accounts for more than 90% of the electricity consumption of the station, and the high energy consumption is not related to the electricity consumption for vehicle traction and the centralized use of the electromechanical and number passing equipment of the subway. However, besides the rigid requirements, loads with both functionality and comfort such as lighting power utilization in a station need to be considered, the potential of energy conservation and emission reduction is large in the operation process of subway station buildings, and targeted energy-saving measures can be taken on the loads, so that low-carbon development of subways is promoted.
Therefore, the work of reasonably quantifying and scientifically evaluating the carbon emission of the subway station is an important basis for exploring carbon peak and carbon neutralization in the industry in the field of rail transit at present, and the construction of a carbon evaluation, carbon reduction, energy conservation and consumption reduction system of the subway station is not slow enough.
Under the double-carbon target, an implementation path of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization is an urgent need to be explored and expanded field in the urban rail transportation industry. Aiming at the defects and blanks of a series of standard method systems related to carbon measurement and carbon neutralization evaluation of subway stations in China at present, a clear, easy-to-use and consistent method system is constructed to evaluate the carbon emission of the subway stations in a specific space-time range, and the method is particularly important for gradually realizing carbon emission reduction refined management and assisting in achieving the carbon neutralization target.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a system and a standard subway station building carbon metering and carbon neutralization evaluation system and system, and combine with engineering practical research and development application software and a webpage platform to establish a standard pole for standardizing and quantifying carbon accounting and carbon evaluation of an urban public transport hub building-subway station, and solve the problems of regional and regional subway station building carbon emission accounting and strength evaluation application, carbon neutralization implementation scheme and path shortage.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for carbon metering and carbon neutralization evaluation of a subway station building, wherein the content of building carbon emission indexes refers to greenhouse gas emission generated by a building in a Life Cycle stage, and is expressed by carbon dioxide equivalent, the method relies on an international standard method of Life Cycle evaluation (LCA-Life Cycle Assessment), and can scientifically and systematically quantitatively research environmental impact, and the method for carbon metering and carbon neutralization evaluation of a subway station building comprises a method for carbon metering and evaluation of a subway station building and a method for carbon neutralization evaluation of a subway station building;
the subway station building carbon metering evaluation method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining an accounting target and a target boundary range, wherein the boundary range is determined according to the building full life cycle of the determined accounting target, and the building full life cycle is divided by taking an operation stage as a standard: the boundary range also comprises total carbon emission generated by resources and energy consumption related to the whole life cycle of the building, and the total carbon emission comprises direct carbon emission and indirect carbon emission;
s2: performing list analysis, wherein the list analysis is based on construction engineering and management data and data, performing input and output basic data acquisition, data compilation and quantification work according to the accounting target and the target boundary range determined in S1, forming a resource and energy consumption data list related to the whole life cycle of the subway station building, and identifying and compiling a subway station building carbon source list;
s3: influence evaluation, namely on the basis of list analysis, converting the input and output list data of subway station building resource energy into carbon emission intensity data for a complete carbon emission factor database associated with carbon source matching in each stage process of the building, and quantifying and evaluating the carbon emission level and characteristics of the subway station building;
s4: the result interpretation is carried out based on the list analysis and the influence evaluation, key links and main control factors for carding the carbon emission of the building are identified by taking the energy consumption and the carbon emission of the subway station building as targets, the carbon emission level and the characteristics of the whole life cycle of the building are interpreted and analyzed, and the carbon emission reduction, the carbon neutralization path and the suggestion of the subway station building are provided;
the subway station building carbon neutralization evaluation method comprises carbon reduction and carbon collection, wherein the carbon reduction carries out the carbon emission reduction work of the subway station building through the maximized use of green energy and green building materials and the high-efficiency energy-saving improvement of the technology; the carbon sequestration aims to realize the aim of 'zero carbon' or 'negative carbon' of the building by reducing the use of resource and energy as much as possible and improving the carbon adsorption capacity of a building carbon sequestration system.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step S1, the building construction phase includes a building material production process, a building material transportation process, and a construction installation process, the building operation phase includes a building operation process and a building maintenance process, and the building scrapping phase includes a building demolition process, a waste building material transportation process, and a waste building material treatment process.
In order to achieve the above object, a second aspect of the present invention provides a carbon metering and carbon neutralizing evaluation system for a subway station building, including a metering and evaluation model for a subway station building, where the metering and evaluation module includes a carbon metering module for the subway station building, a carbon emission reduction module for the subway station building, a carbon sink module for the subway station building, and a carbon neutralizing evaluation module for the subway station building, where the carbon metering module for the subway station building includes:
the carbon measurement of the subway station building construction stage comprises the following calculation formula:
Cjs＝Cjs，sc+Cjs，ys+Cjs，sg
wherein, CjsTotal carbon emission (kgCO2eq), C for subway station building construction stagejs，scCarbon emission (kgCO2eq) for building material production stagejs，ysFor the transport stage carbon emissions (kgCO2eq), Cjs，sgCarbon emissions for the construction installation phase (kgCO2 eq);
the carbon measurement of the subway station building operation stage comprises the following calculation formula:
Cyw＝Cyx+Cwh
wherein, CywRepresents the total carbon emission (kgCO2eq), C of the subway station building operation stageyxRepresents the total carbon emission (kgCO2eq), C, generated by the operation of the subway station buildingwhRepresents the total carbon emission (kgCO2eq) generated by the maintenance of the subway station building;
the carbon measurement of the subway station building scrapping stage comprises the following calculation formula:
Cbf＝Ccc+Cys+Ccz
wherein, CbfRepresents the carbon emission (kgCO2eq), C of the subway station building demolition stageccRepresents the carbon emission (kgCO2eq), C generated during the process of dismantling the subway station buildingysDirect and indirect carbon emission, C, representing vehicle energy consumption of the demolished waste building materials transported away from the siteczRepresents the carbon emission of the waste building material treatment;
the carbon measurement of the whole life cycle of the subway station building has the calculation formula as follows:
Cpf＝Cjs+Cyw+Cbf；
the calculation formula of the subway station building carbon emission reduction module is as follows:
Cjp＝Cjp，1+Cjp，2
wherein, CjpMeans carbon emission reduction of subway station, Cjp，1Carbon emission reduction, C, for green materials/energy usejp，2Carbon emission reduction due to energy/material savings;
the calculation formula of the subway station building carbon sink module is as follows:
Cxf＝Cxf，zr+Cxf，rg
wherein, CxfRepresents the total carbon sink (kgCO2eq), C of the subway station buildingxf，zrRepresents the natural carbon sink (kgCO2eq), C of the subway station buildingxf，rgThe construction artificial carbon sink capacity (kgCO2eq) of the subway station is shown;
the calculation formula of the carbon neutralization evaluation module of the subway station building is as follows:
CCN＝Cpf-Cjp-Cxf
carbon neutralization level basis C of subway stationCNValue rating, if CCNIf the carbon emission is positive, the carbon emission is generated by the subway station building, and the carbon emission is not offset by the carbon reduction measure and the total carbon reduction amount of the carbon sink system; if CCNZero indicates that the subway station building can realize self carbon neutralization and can promote the carbon neutralization process of rail transit; if CCNThe negative value indicates that the subway station building achieves the aim of 'negative carbon' through carbon reduction and carbon adsorption paths, and not only can the subway station building achieve zero carbon emission development, but also can adsorb extra carbon emission.
As a further scheme of the invention: carbon emission C in the building material production stagejs，scThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein m isiRepresents the engineering quantity (kg) of the i-th building material, uiRepresents the loss rate, Fsc(i) Represents the carbon emission factor (kgCO2eq/kg) of the i-th building material in the construction stage;
carbon emission C of the transport stagejs，ysThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein m isijRepresents the weight (kg) of the ith cargo in the jth transportation mode, DijRepresenting the distance (km), F of the ith cargo in the jth mode of transportationys，jRepresents the carbon emission factor (kgCO2 eq/(kg-km)) of the j transportation mode under the unit weight and the unit transportation distance;
carbon emission C of the construction and installation stagejs，sgThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein m isjDenotes the jth fuel consumption (kg), Fsg，jRepresents the carbon emission factor (kgCO2eq/kg) of the j-th fuel in the construction stage, E represents the site power consumption (kWh), Fe represents the power carbon emission factor (kgCO2eq/kWh), and m representsz，jDenotes the weight (kg) of the j-th transfer material, Fz，jRepresents the carbon emission factor (kgCO2eq/kg) of the jth turnover material, YjRepresenting the turnover times of the jth turnover material, T representing total number of working days, FTIndicating the industrial day carbon emission factor.
As a further scheme of the invention: total carbon emission C generated by subway station building operationyxThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Cyx＝Ei，yx*Exi
wherein, CyxRepresents the total carbon release (kgCO2eq), E, of the subway station building at the operating stagei，yxRepresenting the i-th energy consumption, EF, during building operationiRepresenting the carbon emission factor of the i-th energy source.
As a further scheme of the invention: carbon emission C generated in the subway station building dismantling processccThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows: ccc＝Ei，cc*EFiAnd the energy consumption of the vehicle for transporting the demolished waste building materials away from the site is direct and indirect carbon emission CysThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows: cys＝Ei，ys*EFiCarbon emission C of disposal of said waste building materialsczThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows: ccz＝Ei，cz*EFiWherein E isi，ccFor demolition procedure type i energy consumption, Ei，ysClass i energy consumption for transport of waste building materials, Ei，czEnergy consumption for waste building material disposal process, EFiRepresenting the carbon emission factor of the i-th energy source.
As a further scheme of the invention: carbon emission reduction C produced by the use of green materials/energyjp，1The calculation formula of (2) is as follows: cjp，1＝mi×(Fni-Fi) Said energy/material savingResulting carbon emission reduction Cjp，2The calculation formula of (2) is as follows: cjp，2＝(mi，0-mi，1)×FiWherein m isiRepresents the amount (kg or kWh) of the member material of the i-th type/energy source used, and mi，0And mi，1Respectively the material/energy consumption of the ith component and the material/energy consumption of the resource after the resource and energy are optimized; fniRepresents the i-th new material or new energy carbon emission factor (kgCO2 eq/unit), FiRepresents the i-th raw material or traditional energy carbon emission factor (kgCO2 eq/unit).
As a further aspect of the present invention: natural carbon sink quantity C of subway station buildingxf，zrThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the i-th natural carbon fixation amount (including greenbelt, water and soil,
)； S(i)indicates the i-th natural carbon sequestration area (m)2) D represents the number of carbon fixation days (days);
the subway station building artificial carbon sink amount Cxf，rgThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Cxf，rg＝φc×Cp×Mc
in the formula, phicDenotes the extent of the carbonation reaction of the (cement) building material, when 100% is completely reacted, phic＝1；CpMass (kg), M, expressed as carbon-fixing capacity, per unit of (cement) material absorbing CO2cRepresenting the mass (kg) of (cement) material participating in the reaction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method can fill the defects and blanks of a series of standard method systems related to carbon metering and carbon neutralization evaluation of the subway stations in China, and can be used for evaluating the carbon emission of the subway stations in a specific space-time range by constructing a clear, easy-to-use and consistent method system, so that the method can be helpful for gradually realizing the refined management of carbon emission reduction and assisting to achieve the carbon neutralization target; the method reasonably quantifies and scientifically evaluates the carbon emission of the subway station, and is beneficial to constructing a carbon evaluation and carbon reduction, energy conservation and consumption reduction system of the subway station.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first practical operation interface of application software of a carbon metering and carbon neutralization evaluation system of a subway station building;
fig. 2 is a second practical operation interface of application software of the carbon metering and carbon neutralization evaluation system for the subway station building.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
subway systems are an important component of modern urban public transport systems. The subway station belongs to an urban rail transit junction building, is usually an important building for connecting ground traffic and underground traffic, is a space place for passengers to take and transfer, has good functions of ventilation, illumination, sanitation, fire prevention and the like, and can provide safe, convenient, comfortable and clean taking service.
The subway station building is generally built below the ground and mainly comprises a station main body and an auxiliary building. The station main body comprises a public space for providing service for passengers and a functional room space related to station operation management. The station subsidiary building mainly comprises an access and a ground wind pavilion. The materialization stage of the building relates to the consumption of a large amount of resources and energy, and the use of building materials, the construction process, the building demolition, the post-treatment of building materials and other processes are accompanied by corresponding apparent and recessive carbon emission. The station often holds main technical equipment and an operation management system, and the daily passenger capacity after the station is put into use is large, the energy consumption is large, and corresponding carbon emission is generated.
The invention provides a method for carbon metering and carbon neutralization evaluation of subway station buildings, wherein the content of building carbon emission indexes refers to the greenhouse gas emission generated by buildings in the Life Cycle stage, and is expressed by carbon dioxide equivalent, the method depends on an international standard method of Life Cycle evaluation (LCA-Life Cycle Assessment), and can scientifically and systematically quantitatively research the environmental impact, and the method for carbon metering and carbon neutralization evaluation of subway station buildings comprises a method for carbon metering and evaluation of subway station buildings and a method for carbon neutralization evaluation of subway station buildings;
the subway station building carbon metering evaluation method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining an accounting target and a target boundary range, wherein the boundary range is determined according to the building full life cycle of the determined accounting target, and the building full life cycle is divided by taking an operation stage as a standard: the boundary range also comprises total carbon emission generated by resources and energy consumption related to the whole life cycle of the building, and the total carbon emission comprises direct carbon emission and indirect carbon emission;
s2: performing list analysis, wherein the list analysis is based on construction engineering and management data and data, performing input and output basic data acquisition, data compilation and quantification work according to the accounting target and the target boundary range determined in S1, forming a resource and energy consumption data list related to the whole life cycle of the subway station building, and identifying and compiling a subway station building carbon source list;
s3: influence evaluation, namely on the basis of list analysis, converting the input and output list data of subway station building resource energy into carbon emission intensity data for a complete carbon emission factor database associated with carbon source matching in each stage process of the building, and quantifying and evaluating the carbon emission level and characteristics of the subway station building;
s4: the result interpretation is carried out based on the list analysis and the influence evaluation, key links and main control factors for carding the carbon emission of the building are identified by taking the energy consumption and the carbon emission of the subway station building as targets, the carbon emission level and the characteristics of the whole life cycle of the building are interpreted and analyzed, and the carbon emission reduction, the carbon neutralization path and the suggestion of the subway station building are provided;
the subway station building carbon neutralization evaluation method comprises carbon reduction and carbon collection, wherein the carbon reduction carries out the carbon emission reduction work of the subway station building through the maximized use of green energy and green building materials and the high-efficiency energy-saving improvement of the technology; the carbon sequestration aims to realize the aim of 'zero carbon' or 'negative carbon' of the building by reducing the use of resource and energy as much as possible and improving the carbon adsorption capacity of a building carbon sequestration system.
In the step S1, the building construction phase includes a building material production process, a building material transportation process, and a construction installation process, the building operation phase includes a building operation process and a building maintenance process, and the building scrapping phase includes a building demolition process, a waste building material transportation process, and a waste building material treatment process.
In order to achieve the above object, a second aspect of the present invention provides a station building carbon metering and carbon neutralization evaluation system, including:
a standardized carbon metering and carbon neutralizing method system is established based on the subway station building, the metering and evaluating model is constructed uniformly, standardly, concisely and easily, and the method is applicable to the common subway station building. And further establishing a module, starting from the overall idea and implementation path for realizing building carbon neutralization, wherein the established module comprises a building full-life-cycle carbon emission metering module, a building carbon emission reduction module, a building carbon sink module and a building carbon neutralization module. Each module is a standard unified quantification module and comprises basic data (external data entry and embedded database), a calculation program and a final carbon strength data list. And the filling module is used for filling contents based on the actual subway station project data and practically carrying out carbon metering and evaluation work.
Further:
one, iron station building carbon metering module
1 subway station building construction stage carbon metering
And respectively constructing models for the civil engineering building material production stage, the transportation stage and the construction installation stage of the subway station to measure the carbon emission, and summarizing to obtain the carbon emission in the construction stage.
Cjs＝Cjs，sc+Cjs，ys+Cjs，sg
Wherein, Cjs，scCarbon emission (kgCO2eq) for building material production stagejs，ysFor transport stage carbon emissions (kgCO2eq), Cjs，sgCarbon emissions at the construction installation stage (kgCO2 eq).
(1) Production stage of building materials
The carbon emission in the building material production stage comprises the carbon emission generated in the processes of acquiring, transporting and manufacturing the building raw materials or the recycled materials and the prefabricated parts. Because the variety of the building materials and the prefabricated components is various, in order to facilitate measurement, the building materials and the prefabricated components with the accumulated weight accounting for more than 80 percent of the total weight in the engineering quantity list or the building materials and the prefabricated components with the accumulated manufacturing cost accounting for more than 80 percent of the total manufacturing cost can be taken as main materials, the rest materials are ignored, and the engineering quantities and the loss rates of the building materials and the prefabricated components are taken from the engineering quantity list. The carbon emission estimation model in the production stage of the building materials and the prefabricated parts is as follows:
wherein m isiRepresents the engineering quantity (kg) of the i-th building material, uiRepresents the loss rate, Fsc(i) Represents the i-th building material carbon emission factor (kgCO2eq/kg) in the construction stage.
(2) Stage of transportation
Building materials, construction machinery equipment and turnover materials need to be transported to a construction site, and construction wastes and earthwork need to be transported to a storage yard from the outside of a construction site. Transportation vehicles consume fuel during transportation and produce carbon emissions. The transportation phase carbon emission estimation model is as follows:
wherein m isijRepresents the weight (kg) of the ith cargo in the jth transportation mode, DijRepresenting the distance (km), F of the ith cargo in the jth mode of transportationys，jRepresents the carbon emission factor (kgCO2 eq/(kg-km)) per unit weight and unit carrying distance of the jth transportation mode.
(3) Construction and installation stage
The carbon emission in the construction and installation stage comprises two parts, wherein one part is the carbon emission generated by energy consumption of construction machinery and power consumption of a building site office living area, and the carbon emission is reduced to the carbon emission generated by gasoline, diesel oil and electric power consumption. The second is the use of water, turnover materials and carbon emissions from labor.
Wherein m isjDenotes the jth fuel consumption (kg), Fsg，jRepresents the carbon emission factor (kgCO2eq/kg) of the j-th fuel in the construction stage, E represents the site power consumption (kWh), Fe represents the power carbon emission factor (kgCO2eq/kWh), and m representsz，jDenotes the weight (kg) of the j-th transfer material, Fz，jRepresents the carbon emission factor (kgCO2eq/kg) of the jth turnover material, YjRepresenting the turnover times of the jth turnover material, T representing total number of working days, FTIndicating the industrial day carbon emission factor.
2 subway station building operation stage carbon measurement
The calculation range of carbon emission in the construction and operation stage of the subway station is relatively comprehensive, and the calculation range comprises carbon emission caused by direct energy consumption of a station body, emission caused by related energy consumption of a user and carbon emission generated in the operation process of the station. Therefore, the station operation stage is further divided into a station operation process and a station maintenance process. The station operation carbon emission is mainly direct and indirect carbon emission generated by energy consumption in the operation process, the station maintenance process considers the direct and indirect carbon emission generated by material and energy consumption, and the estimation model is as follows:
Cyw＝Cyx+Cwh
wherein, CywRepresents the total carbon emission (kgCO2eq), C in the station operation stageyxRepresents the total carbon emission (kgCO2eq), C generated by station operationwhIndicating the total carbon emissions (kgCO2eq) generated by the station maintenance.
(1) Station operation phase
And a regional division system calculation method is adopted for estimating the carbon emission in the operation stage of the subway station building. The subway station is mainly divided into a station platform layer, a station hall layer, an equipment layer and an entrance and exit part, and further divided into main energy utilization systems including rail traction power utilization, illumination power utilization, ventilation air conditioning power utilization, special power utilization, commercial power utilization and the like. And meanwhile, acquiring main energy consumption equipment and corresponding energy consumption data of each system in each area of the station, and matching carbon emission factors of different types of energy consumption to calculate the total carbon emission amount of the subway station in the operation stage. The carbon calculation in the operation stage comprises the actual carbon emission generated by the consumption of the operation energy of the station and the actual carbon reduction and fixation of the renewable energy and carbon sink system in the determined time space boundary, the carbon emission calculation time boundary is the design life of the station building, and the space boundary is considered according to the range of the construction engineering planning license.
The carbon emission calculation model of the energy consumption at the operation stage of the subway station building is as follows:
Cyx＝Ei，yx*EFi
wherein, CyxTotal carbon release (kgCO2eq), E representing the operating phase of the station buildingi，yxRepresenting the i-th energy consumption, EF, during building operationiRepresenting the carbon emission factor of the i-th energy source.
(2) Stage of building maintenance
The station building maintenance phase carbon accounting system considers the carbon emission generated by the conventional maintenance, building material production and transportation emission generated during the reconstruction and the energy consumption in the maintenance reconstruction process of the building entity part, and the calculation basis refers to the building construction phase correlation algorithm. And in the maintenance stage, the building materials and the corresponding energy consumption are counted and calculated according to the actual engineering situation.
3 subway station building scrapping stage carbon measurement
The carbon emission measurement range and content of the scrapped building stage of the station consider the mechanical energy consumption in the building demolition process, the transportation energy consumption of the waste building material transport vehicle and the energy consumption in the post-treatment process, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Cbf＝Ccc+Cys+Ccz
Ccc＝Ei，cc*EFi
Cys＝Ei，ys*EFi
Ccz＝Ei，cz*EFi
wherein, CbfIndicating the carbon emissions (kgCO2eq), C at the station demolition stageccRepresents the carbon emissions (kgCO2eq), C, resulting from the building demolition processysDirect and indirect carbon emission, C, representing vehicle energy consumption of the demolished waste building materials transported away from the siteczCarbon emission amount representing disposal of waste building materials, Ei，ccFor demolition procedure type i energy consumption, Ei，ysClass i energy consumption for transport of waste building materials, Ei，czThe energy consumption in the process of disposing the waste building materials is reduced.
4 subway station building full life cycle carbon measurement
Cpf＝Cjs+Cyw+Cbf
Second, subway station building carbon emission reduction module
The carbon emission reduction of the subway station can be realized by replacing green environment-friendly building materials with small carbon emission factors, adopting clean energy (the building function system introduces clean energy such as solar energy, wind power energy, geothermal energy and the like) or two emission reduction paths for improving the utilization efficiency of resource energy, and the carbon emission reduction estimation model of the subway station is as follows:
Cjp＝Cjp，1+Cjp，2
Cjp，1＝mi×(Fni-Fi)
Cjp，2＝(mi，0-mi，1)×Fi
wherein, CjpFinger floorCarbon emission reduction of railway station, Cjp，1And Cjp，2The discharge capacity is reduced correspondingly through green materials/energy use and energy conservation/material conservation respectively; m isiRepresents the amount (kg or kWh) of the member material of the i-th type/energy source used, and mi，0And mi, 1 pointThe material/energy consumption of the ith component is respectively the material/energy consumption after the optimized use of the resource and the energy; fni denotes the i-th new material or new energy carbon emission factor (kgCO2 eq/unit), FiRepresents the i-th raw material or traditional energy carbon emission factor (kgCO2 eq/unit).
Third, subway station building carbon sink module
The carbon sink of the subway station refers to the process of absorbing and fixing CO2 by a carbon sink system of the subway station, and can be divided into an artificial carbon sink and a natural carbon sink, and the carbon sink quantity estimation model is as follows:
Cxf＝Cxf，zr+Cxf，rg
wherein, CxfRepresents the total carbon sequestration (kgCO2eq), C of the subway stationxf，zrRepresents the natural carbon sink (kgCO2eq), C of the subway stationxf，rgRepresents the amount of artificial carbon sink (kgCO2eq) of the subway station.
The natural carbon sink amount estimation model of the subway station is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the amount of the i-th natural carbon (including green land, water and soil,
)； S(i)indicates the i-th natural carbon sequestration area (m)2) And D represents the number of carbon fixation days (days).
The construction artificial carbon sink is a construction material containing a cement component, which can adsorb and fix CO 2. In the building construction, operation and abandonment stages, the carbon adsorption process is continuously carried out on the building materials, and the solid carbon quantity is not neglected. The model for estimating the carbon adsorption amount of the artificial carbon sink is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
indicating the extent of the carbonation reaction of the (cement) building material, when 100% is completely reacted,
Cpmass (kg), M, expressed as carbon-fixing capacity, per unit of (cement) material absorbing CO2cRepresenting the mass (kg) of (cement) material participating in the reaction.
Fourth, subway station building carbon neutralization evaluation module
CCN＝Cpf-Cjp-Cxf
Carbon neutralization level basis C of subway stationCNValue rating, if CCNIf the carbon emission is positive, the carbon emission is generated at the subway station, and the carbon emission is not offset by the carbon reduction measure and the total carbon reduction amount of the carbon sink system; if CCNZero indicates that the subway station can realize self carbon neutralization and can promote the carbon neutralization process of rail transit; if CCNThe negative value indicates that the subway station achieves the aim of 'carbon negative' through carbon reduction and carbon adsorption paths, and not only can the subway station reach the development of zero carbon emission, but also can adsorb extra carbon emission.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for measuring and evaluating carbon in a subway station building is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises a subway station building carbon metering evaluation method and a subway station building carbon neutralization evaluation method;
the subway station building carbon metering evaluation method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining an accounting target and a target boundary range, wherein the boundary range is determined according to the building full life cycle of the determined accounting target, and the building full life cycle is divided by taking an operation stage as a standard: the boundary range also comprises total carbon emission generated by resources and energy consumption related to the whole life cycle of the building, and the total carbon emission comprises direct carbon emission and indirect carbon emission;
s2: performing list analysis, wherein the list analysis is based on construction engineering and management data and data, performing input and output basic data acquisition, data compilation and quantification work according to the accounting target and the target boundary range determined in S1, forming a resource and energy consumption data list related to the whole life cycle of the subway station building, and identifying and compiling a subway station building carbon source list;
s3: influence evaluation, namely on the basis of list analysis, converting the input and output list data of subway station building resource energy into carbon emission intensity data for a complete carbon emission factor database associated with carbon source matching in each stage process of the building, and quantifying and evaluating the carbon emission level and characteristics of the subway station building;
s4: the result interpretation is carried out based on the list analysis and the influence evaluation, key links and main control factors for carding the carbon emission of the building are identified by taking the energy consumption and the carbon emission of the subway station building as targets, the carbon emission level and the characteristics of the whole life cycle of the building are interpreted and analyzed, and the carbon emission reduction, the carbon neutralization path and the suggestion of the subway station building are provided;
the subway station building carbon neutralization evaluation method comprises carbon reduction and carbon collection, wherein the carbon reduction carries out the carbon emission reduction work of the subway station building through the maximized use of green energy and green building materials and the high-efficiency energy-saving improvement of the technology; the carbon sequestration aims to realize the aim of 'zero carbon' or 'negative carbon' of the building by reducing the use of resource and energy as much as possible and improving the carbon adsorption capacity of a building carbon sequestration system.
2. The method for carbon metering and carbon neutralization evaluation of the subway station building according to claim 1, wherein: in the S1, the building construction stage comprises a building material production process, a building material transportation process and a construction installation process, the building operation stage comprises a building operation process and a building maintenance process, and the building scrapping stage comprises a building dismantling process, a waste building material transporting process and a waste building material processing process.
3. The utility model provides a subway station building carbon measurement and carbon neutralization evaluation system which characterized in that: including the measurement and the evaluation model that are used for subway station building, measurement and evaluation module include subway station building carbon metering module, subway station building carbon emission reduction module, subway station building carbon sink module and subway station building carbon and evaluate the module, wherein, subway station building carbon metering module includes:
the carbon measurement of the subway station building construction stage comprises the following calculation formula:
Cjs＝Cjs，sc+Cjs，ys+Cjs，sg
wherein, CjsTotal carbon emission (kgCO2eq), C for subway station building construction stagejs，scCarbon emission (kgCO2eq) for building material production stagejs，ysFor the transport stage carbon emissions (kgCO2eq), Cjs，sgCarbon emissions for the construction installation phase (kgCO2 eq);
the carbon measurement of the subway station building operation stage comprises the following calculation formula:
Cyw＝Cyx+Cwh
wherein, CywRepresents the total carbon emission (kgCO2eq), C of the subway station building operation stageyxRepresents the total carbon emission (kgCO2eq), C, generated by the operation of the subway station buildingwhRepresents the total carbon emission (kgCO2eq) generated by the maintenance of the subway station building;
the carbon measurement of the subway station building scrapping stage comprises the following calculation formula:
Cbf＝Ccc+Cys+Ccz
wherein, CbfRepresents the carbon emission (kgCO2eq), C of the subway station building demolition stageccRepresents the carbon emission (kgCO2eq), C generated during the process of dismantling the subway station buildingysDirect and indirect carbon emission, C, representing vehicle energy consumption of the demolished waste building materials transported away from the siteczRepresents the carbon emission of the waste building material treatment;
the carbon measurement of the whole life cycle of the subway station building has the calculation formula as follows:
Cpf＝Cjs+Cyw+Cbf；
the calculation formula of the subway station building carbon emission reduction module is as follows:
Cjp＝Cjp，1+Cjp，2
wherein, CjpMeans carbon emission reduction of subway station, Cjp，1Carbon emission reduction, C, for green materials/energy usejp，2Carbon emission reduction due to energy/material savings;
the calculation formula of the subway station building carbon sink module is as follows:
Cxf＝Cxf，zr+Cxf，rg
wherein, CxfRepresents the total carbon sink (kgCO2eq), C of the subway station buildingxf，zrRepresents the natural carbon sink (kgCO2eq), C of the subway station buildingxf，rgThe construction artificial carbon sink capacity (kgCO2eq) of the subway station is shown;
the calculation formula of the carbon neutralization evaluation module of the subway station building is as follows:
CCN＝Cpf-Cjp-Cxf
carbon neutralization level basis C of subway stationCNValue rating, if CCNIf the carbon emission is positive, the carbon emission is generated by the subway station building, and the carbon emission is not offset by the carbon reduction measure and the total carbon reduction amount of the carbon sink system; if CCNZero indicates that the subway station building can realize self carbon neutralization and can promote the carbon neutralization process of rail transit; if it isCCNThe negative value indicates that the subway station building achieves the aim of 'negative carbon' through carbon reduction and carbon adsorption paths, and not only can the subway station building achieve zero carbon emission development, but also can adsorb extra carbon emission.
4. The subway station building carbon metering and carbon neutralization evaluation system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: carbon emission C in the building material production stagejs，scThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein m isiRepresents the engineering quantity (kg) of the i-th building material, uiRepresents the loss rate, Fsc(i)Represents the carbon emission factor (kgCO2eq/kg) of the i-th building material in the construction stage;
carbon emission C of the transport stagejs，ysThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein m isijRepresents the weight (kg) of the ith cargo in the jth transportation mode, DijRepresenting the distance (km), F of the ith cargo in the jth mode of transportationys，jRepresents the carbon emission factor (kgCO2 eq/(kg-km)) of the j transportation mode under the unit weight and the unit transportation distance;
carbon emission C of the construction and installation stagejs，sgThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein m isjDenotes the jth fuel consumption (kg), Fsg，jThe carbon emission factor (kgCO2eq/kg) of the jth fuel in the construction stage is shown, E represents the site power consumption (kWh), FeRepresents the electrical carbon emission factor (kgCO2eq)/kWh)，mz，jDenotes the weight (kg) of the j-th transfer material, Fz，jRepresents the carbon emission factor (kgCO2eq/kg) of the jth turnover material, YiRepresenting the turnover times of the jth turnover material, T representing total number of working days, FTIndicating the industrial day carbon emission factor.
5. The subway station building carbon metering and carbon neutralization evaluation system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: total carbon emission C generated by subway station building operationyxThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Cyx＝Ei，yx*EFi
wherein, CyxRepresents the total carbon release (kgCO2eq), E, of the subway station building at the operating stagei，yxRepresenting the i-th energy consumption, EF, during building operationiRepresenting the carbon emission factor of the i-th energy source.
6. The subway station building carbon metering and carbon neutralization evaluation system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: carbon emission C generated in the subway station building dismantling processccThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows: ccc＝Ei，cc*EFiAnd the energy consumption of the vehicle for transporting the demolished waste building materials away from the site is direct and indirect carbon emission CysThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows: cys＝Ei，ys*EFiCarbon emission C of disposal of said waste building materialsczThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows: ccz＝Ei，cz*EFiWherein E isi，ccFor demolition procedure type i energy consumption, Ei，ysClass i energy consumption for transport of waste building materials, Ei，czEnergy consumption for waste building material disposal process, EFiRepresenting the carbon emission factor of the i-th energy source.
7. The subway station building carbon metering and carbon neutralization evaluation system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: carbon emission reduction C produced by the use of green materials/energyjp，1The calculation formula of (2) is as follows: cjp，1＝mi×(Fni-Fi) The carbon emission reduction amount C of the energy/material savingjp，2The calculation formula of (2) is as follows: cjp，2＝(mi，0-mi，1)×FiWherein m isiRepresents the amount (kg or kWh) of the member material of the i-th type/energy source used, and mi，0And mi，1Respectively the material/energy consumption of the ith component and the material/energy consumption of the resource after the resource and energy are optimized; fniRepresents the i-th new material or new energy carbon emission factor (kgCO2 eq/unit), FiRepresents the i-th raw material or traditional energy carbon emission factor (kgCO2 eq/unit).
8. The subway station building carbon metering and carbon neutralization evaluation system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: natural carbon sink quantity C of subway station buildingxf，zrThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the i-th natural carbon fixation amount (including greenbelt, water and soil,
)；S(i)indicates the i-th natural carbon sequestration area (m)2) D represents the number of carbon fixation days (days);
the subway station building artificial carbon sink amount Cxf，rgThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Cxf，rg＝φc×Cp×Mc
in the formula, phicDenotes the extent of the carbonation reaction of the (cement) building material, when 100% is completely reacted, phic＝1；CpMass (kg), M, expressed as carbon-fixing capacity, per unit of (cement) material absorbing CO2cIndicating participation in the reactionMass (kg) of (cement) material(s).
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