CN115218724A - 一种用于弹药殉爆防护的柔性内衬结构 - Google Patents
一种用于弹药殉爆防护的柔性内衬结构 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于弹药殉爆防护的柔性内衬结构,属于不敏感弹药技术领域。使用该发明能够在保证原弹药毁伤威力性能不降低的前提下,显著提高弹药殉爆防护性能,满足殉爆安全性考核要求。本发明提出的柔性内衬结构排列顺序为:战斗部壳体‑KevlarKM‑2抗破片纤维衬层‑GXTI‑1抗冲击涂层‑战斗部装药。本发明提出的柔性内衬结构在破片群和爆轰产物耦合作用时,可有效降低被发药入射冲量和反应烈度,提高弹药受意外刺激时的整体安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于弹药殉爆防护的柔性内衬结构,属于不敏感弹药技术领域。
背景技术
武器弹药在存储、运输或服役过程中会遭受各类意外刺激,从而诱发爆炸。爆炸产生的高压爆轰产物、高温火焰、高速破片等刺激元易引发邻近弹药殉爆,导致灾难性后果。现有弹药殉爆防护技术通过膨胀漆涂层、力热防护隔层、复合壳体等结构减小外部刺激元能量输入,降低装药反应烈度,提升弹药殉爆安全性。
实际殉爆过程中,被发弹药易受到主发弹药爆炸刺激元的耦合作用,从而诱发燃烧甚至剧烈爆轰。国外Daniels等通过数值和实验研究发现,在弹药中添加冲击缓冲衬层(Partical Impact Mitigation Sleeve,PIMS)可显著降低破片撞击过程中入射压力和装药反应烈度,研究表明相比无内衬结构,添加4mm的PIMS结构后,入射压力衰减50%,装药反应烈度由爆轰降低为爆燃,弹药破片防护性能显著提高。国内刘嘉韵等通过实验研究发现,添加复合结构衬层可显著降低主发药爆轰产物压力。结果表明添加钢-铝-聚氨酯泡沫衬层结构后,见证板破片穿孔数和结构形变显著降低,装药反应烈度由爆轰降低为爆燃。上述研究表明,被发弹药受殉爆刺激元作用时,添加内衬结构可有效降低装药反应烈度,提高弹药整体安全性。
目前,国外已经在XM-1083高爆弹,TWO-2B导弹,120mm杀爆榴弹等武器中成功应用复合结构的冲击缓冲内衬。而国内现有战斗部内衬结构仍采用石蜡,沥青,硅橡胶,铝等材料,存在防护性能单一,附加重量和空间占比大,耦合防护机制不清楚,工程化应用可行性不足等问题。
发明内容
本发明的技术解决问题是:克服现有技术的不足,提出一种用于弹药殉爆防护的柔性内衬结构,能够解决现有殉爆防护内衬结构防护性能单一,附加重量大,工程化应用可行性不足等问题,具体为一种考虑爆轰产物和破片群耦合响应的柔性防护内衬结构,可为不敏感弹药和殉爆防护技术研究提供参考。
本发明的技术解决方案是:
一种用于弹药殉爆防护的柔性内衬结构,该柔性内衬结构包括GXTI-1抗冲击涂层和Kevlar KM-2抗破片纤维衬层,即在战斗部装药与Kevlar衬层之间为GXTI-1涂层,GXTI-1涂层与金属壳体之间为Kevlar衬层;
所述的Kevlar KM-2抗破片纤维衬层的厚度为0.9-1.3mm,优选1mm;
所述的GXTI-1抗冲击涂层的厚度为1.8-2.2mm,优选2mm。
所述的壳体材料为30CrMnSiNi2A,密度为7.8g/cm3,厚度为2mm;
所述的装药为PBX9501(95%HMX,3%BDNPA/F,3%estane),密度为1.83g/cm3,装药直径40mm,长径比为2;
所述的Kevlar衬层采用美国杜邦公司KM-2系列高性能抗弹纤维,织物面密度0.018g/cm3,纱线支数13支/cm,单层厚度0.23mm。Kevlar衬层密度为1.45g/cm3,剪切模量为25GPa,屈服强度为2.88GPa,熔化温度为700K,比热为1.42J/(g·K);
所述的GXTI-1抗冲击隔热涂层微观表征为内含大量漂珠的多孔疏松结构,初始孔隙率N=0.205,基体密度为1g/cm3,拉伸强度为5.1MPa,撕裂强度为22MPa,比热为1.63J/(g·K),导热系数为0.08W/(m·K)。
所述的柔性内衬结构防护性能检测包括:破片防护性能检测、冲击波防护性能检测和殉爆防护性能检测,具体为:
破片防护性能检测:参考北约STANAG 4496破片撞击安全性实验,使用单破片对待测试的战斗部结构进行侵彻,检测获得内衬-装药界面冲量历史;实验中破片初始速度为2250m/s。
冲击波防护性能检测:使用爆炸冲击波对待测试的战斗部结构进行入射加载,检测获得内衬-装药界面冲量历史;入射爆炸冲击波压力峰值约7GPa,脉宽为7μs;
为综合表征柔性内衬结构在破片和冲击波加载下的防护性能,定义单变量冲量防护因子fIi和耦合防护性能因子fI,表示为:
式中,Pni代表无柔性内衬结构时内衬-装药界面压力,Pi代表添加柔性内衬结构后界面压力,下标i=1代表破片防护因子,i=2代表冲击波防护因子;
殉爆防护性能检测:将待测试的战斗部结构放置在主发弹药的设定距离范围内,检测被发装药在殉爆刺激下的入射冲量和反应烈度;对比无内衬结构战斗部,添加柔性内衬结构后,被发药入射冲量和反应度峰值显著降低,反应烈度由爆轰降低为爆燃,达到了STANAG 4396殉爆安全性考核标准。
有益效果
(1)本申请基于弹药近场威力特性和结构耦合响应机制,率先提出了一种满足弹药殉爆防护工程化应用需求的复合柔性内衬结构,克服了现有内衬结构防护性能单一,工程化应用可行性不足问题。
(2)本申请创新设计的柔性内衬结构总厚度3mm,重量仅为等体积铝质内衬的34%,克服了现有防护内衬结构额外重量多,空间占比大的问题。
(3)防护性能测试结果表明,本发明设计的新型柔性内衬结构可有效降低殉爆刺激下被发药入射冲量和反应烈度,能够满足弹药殉爆安全性考核要求,可显著提高弹药受意外刺激时的整体安全性。
附图说明
图1为典型杀爆战斗部简化模型;
图2为抗殉爆柔性内衬结构示意图
图3为内衬结构破片防护测试模型;
图4为内衬结构冲击波防护测试模型;
图5为内衬结构殉爆防护测试模型。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例
结构设计:
(1)根据实际弹药结构,建立杀爆战斗部简化模型,如图1所示。本例中战斗部装药为PBX9501(95%HMX,3%BDNPA/F,3%estane),装药直径40mm,长径比为2,壳体材料为30CrMnSiNi2A,厚度为2mm,起爆药为压装聚黑-14炸药,起爆方式为电雷管起爆。
(2)本发明设计的新型抗殉爆柔性内衬结构,如图2所示。本例中柔性内衬结构总厚度3mm,具体结构为:1mm Kevlar抗破片纤维衬层+2mm GXTI-1抗冲击涂层
(3)新型柔性内衬结构选用材料为:Kevlar内衬采用美国杜邦公司KM-2系列高性能抗弹纤维,织物面密度0.018g/cm3,纱线支数13支/cm,单层厚度0.23mm,Kevlar内衬密度为1.45g/cm3,剪切模量为25GPa,屈服强度为2.88GPa,熔化温度为700K,比热为1.42J/(g·K);GXTI-1抗冲击隔热涂层微观表征为内含漂珠的多孔疏松结构,初始孔隙率N=0.205,基体密度为1g/cm3,拉伸强度5.1MPa,撕裂强度22MPa,比热为1.63J/(g·K),导热系数为0.08W/(m·K);
防护性能检测:
(4)参考北约STANAG 4496破片撞击安全性实验,建立内衬结构破片防护测试模型,如图3所示。本例中破片尺寸为Φ14.30×15.56(mm),初始速度为2250m/s,柔性内衬结构参考图2。进一步开展数值模拟测试,获取内衬-装药界面冲量历史。
(5)建立内衬结构冲击波防护测试模型,如图4所示。本例中入射爆炸冲击波压力峰值7GPa,脉宽为7μs,柔性内衬结构参考图2。进一步开展数值模拟测试,获取内衬-装药界面冲量历史。
(6)为综合表征柔性内衬结构在破片和爆炸冲击波加载下的防护性能,定义单变量冲量防护因子fIi和耦合防护性能因子fI,表示为:
式中,Pni代表无内衬结构时内衬-装药界面压力,Pi代表添加内衬后界面压力。下标i=1代表破片防护因子,i=2代表冲击波防护因子。
根据(5),(6)中数值测试结果,分析得到柔性内衬结构破片防护因子fI1=34.2%,冲击波防护因子fI2=6%,耦合防护性能因子fI=20%。
(7)为进一步检测本例中柔性内衬结构殉爆防护性能,建立内衬结构殉爆防护测试模型,如图5所示。本例中殉爆间距为两倍弹径,见证板材料为45#钢,其余结构参数和图2一致。数值测试结果表明,相比无内衬结构,添加柔性防护内衬结构后,冲量衰减可达32%,被发药反应度峰值减小为0.55,反应烈度由爆轰降低为爆燃,达到了STANAG 4396殉爆安全性考核标准。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于弹药殉爆防护的柔性内衬结构,其特征在于:
该柔性内衬结构包括GXTI-1抗冲击涂层(4)和Kevlar KM-2抗破片纤维衬层(5),内衬结构排列顺序为:战斗部壳体(6)、Kevlar KM-2抗破片纤维衬层、GXTI-1抗冲击涂层、战斗部装药(3);
所述的Kevlar KM-2抗破片纤维衬层的厚度为0.9-1.3mm;
所述的GXTI-1抗冲击涂层的厚度为1.8-2.2mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于弹药殉爆防护的柔性内衬结构,其特征在于:
所述的Kevlar KM-2纤维衬层的厚度为1mm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种用于弹药殉爆防护的柔性内衬结构,其特征在于:
所述的GXTI-1抗冲击涂层的厚度为2mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于弹药殉爆防护的柔性内衬结构,其特征在于:
所述的壳体材料为30CrMnSiNi2A,密度为7.8g/cm3,厚度为2mm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种用于弹药殉爆防护的柔性内衬结构,其特征在于:
所述战斗部装药为PBX9501(95%HMX,3%BDNPA/F,3%estane),密度为1.83g/cm3,装药直径40mm,长径比为2。起爆药(2)为压装聚黑-14炸药,起爆方式为电雷管(1)起爆。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于弹药殉爆防护的柔性内衬结构,其特征在于:
所述的Kevlar衬层采用美国杜邦公司KM-2系列高性能抗弹纤维,织物面密度0.018g/cm3,纱线支数13支/cm,单层厚度0.23mm。Kevlar衬层密度为1.45g/cm3,剪切模量25GPa,屈服强度为2.88GPa,熔化温度700K,比热为1.42J/(g·K)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于弹药殉爆防护的柔性内衬结构,其特征在于:
所述的GXTI-1抗冲击涂层微观表征为内含大量漂珠的多孔疏松结构,初始孔隙率N=0.205,基体密度为1g/cm3,拉伸强度5.1MPa,撕裂强度22MPa,比热为1.63J/(g·K),导热系数为0.08W/(m·K)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于弹药殉爆防护的柔性内衬结构,其特征在于:
所述的柔性内衬结构进行破片防护性能检测,结果表明相比无内衬结构,入射冲量衰减达到34.2%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于弹药殉爆防护的柔性内衬结构,其特征在于:
所述的柔性内衬结构进行冲击波防护性能检测,结果表明相比无内衬结构,入射冲量衰减为6%。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于弹药殉爆防护的柔性内衬结构,其特征在于:
所述的柔性内衬结构进行殉爆防护性能检测,结果表明相比无内衬结构,入射冲量衰减达到32%,装药反应度减小为0.55,反应烈度由爆轰降低为爆燃,达到了殉爆安全性考核要求。
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US20040118271A1 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-06-24 | Puckett David L. | Lightweight ceramic armor with improved blunt trauma protection |
CN110823007A (zh) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-02-21 | 南京理工大学 | 一种双重增益战斗部 |
CN111141185A (zh) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-05-12 | 宜晨虹 | 一种多功能弹药包装箱 |
CN111879187A (zh) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-03 | 北京理工大学 | 强约束不敏感侵彻爆破战斗部结构 |
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US20040118271A1 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-06-24 | Puckett David L. | Lightweight ceramic armor with improved blunt trauma protection |
CN110823007A (zh) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-02-21 | 南京理工大学 | 一种双重增益战斗部 |
CN111141185A (zh) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-05-12 | 宜晨虹 | 一种多功能弹药包装箱 |
CN111879187A (zh) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-03 | 北京理工大学 | 强约束不敏感侵彻爆破战斗部结构 |
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