CN115217454A - Exploitation method of shallow heavy oil reservoir near denudation surface - Google Patents
Exploitation method of shallow heavy oil reservoir near denudation surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN115217454A CN115217454A CN202210601641.7A CN202210601641A CN115217454A CN 115217454 A CN115217454 A CN 115217454A CN 202210601641 A CN202210601641 A CN 202210601641A CN 115217454 A CN115217454 A CN 115217454A
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- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010795 Steam Flooding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
Abstract
The invention provides a method for exploiting a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface, belonging to the technical field of oil exploitation. The invention relates to a method for exploiting a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface, which comprises the following steps: 1) Deploying a horizontal well in an oil layer between an oil-bearing boundary of the ablation surface and the vertical well pattern; the vertical well pattern is a well pattern arranged when a corresponding oil layer heavy oil reservoir is exploited in the early stage; 2) Performing sectional mining on the horizontal well from the deployed finger tip of the horizontal well; when each subsection is exploited, the subsections are perforated to form perforated sections, then viscosity reducer is injected to carry out huff and puff exploitation, then steam is injected into the vertical well to carry out steam flooding exploitation, and the perforated sections are blocked after the steam flooding exploitation is finished. The invention introduces the horizontal well, exerts the advantages of large contact length and large oil drainage area between the horizontal well and an oil layer, and adopts a sectional mining mode of sectional perforation and sectional production to effectively mine and use the shallow heavy oil reservoir near the denudation surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil exploitation, and particularly relates to an exploitation method of a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface.
Background
Heavy oil reservoirs are mostly distributed in shallow strata with the depth of less than 2000 meters, the formation process of the heavy oil reservoirs is usually accompanied with biodegradation and oxidation, and the heavy oil reservoirs are influenced by tectonic movement and weathering and degradation in the later period, natural gas and light hydrocarbon components can be dissipated along fault and degradation surfaces in the migration process, so that the viscosity of the heavy oil is further increased. A thickened oil zone with a certain oil-containing width is formed at the upward-inclined part of the thickened oil reservoir along the ablation surface, and a plurality of thickened oil zones are gathered at the ablation surface to form a considerable amount of thickened oil reserves.
In the case of the thick oil band accumulated on the ablation surface, the ablation surface may have a low pressure resistance as a cover layer. In the conventional steam injection development process of the heavy oil reservoir, high-temperature, high-pressure and high-dryness steam is easy to break through a heavy oil zone, and a mixture of crude oil and steam condensate water is brought into a shallow underground water system along an unconformity surface or a fault of an ablation surface and even is blown out of the ground to cause blowout, so that the problems of environmental pollution and personnel and property loss are caused. Therefore, for heavy oil reservoirs with the denudation surface cover layer, in the prior art, when a well pattern is deployed for development, the well pattern is generally deployed in the reservoir, and the horizontal distance between the boundary of the well pattern and the inner boundary of the denudation surface is controlled to be larger than a development well distance, so that the denudation surface boundary is avoided for a certain distance.
On the basis, an effective reserve utilization mode is not provided in the existing exploitation method, so that the reserve of the shallow heavy oil reservoir near the stripping surface is out of control and the exploitation can not be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for exploiting a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface, which can be used for effectively exploiting the shallow heavy oil reservoir near the ablation surface.
The invention relates to a method for exploiting a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface, which adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for exploiting a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface comprises the following steps:
1) Deploying a horizontal well in an oil layer between an oil-bearing boundary of the ablation surface and the vertical well pattern; the vertical well pattern is a well pattern which is arranged when the corresponding oil layer heavy oil reservoir is exploited in the early stage, and the horizontal distance between the boundary of the vertical well pattern and the inner boundary of the denudation surface is the length of the development well distance of 1.0 vertical well pattern; the horizontal distance between the horizontal well and the inner boundary of the ablation surface is the length of the well spacing of 0.5 vertical well patterns;
2) Performing sectional mining on the horizontal well from the deployed finger tip of the horizontal well; when each subsection is exploited, the subsections are perforated to form perforation sections, then viscosity reducer is injected to carry out huff and puff exploitation, then steam is injected into a vertical well to carry out steam flooding exploitation, and the perforation sections are blocked after the steam flooding exploitation is finished.
The invention carries out exploitation on the basis of the original vertical well pattern, reduces the time and money cost of newly drilling a steam injection well, introduces a horizontal well into a heavy oil reservoir well pattern to be used as an oil production well, exerts the advantages of large contact length between the horizontal well and an oil reservoir and large oil drainage area, adopts a sectional exploitation mode of sectional perforation and sectional production, leads high-temperature high-pressure steam and shallow heavy oil near an ablation surface to carry out sufficient heat and mass transfer, and thus effectively exploits the shallow heavy oil reservoir near the ablation surface.
The inner boundary of the denudation plane refers to one side boundary close to the deep heavy oil reservoir in the contact surface of the denudation plane and the heavy oil reservoir. According to the invention, by controlling the horizontal distance between the horizontal well and the inner boundary of the denudation surface, steam can be prevented from breaking through a heavy oil zone, and meanwhile, shallow heavy oil near the denudation surface can be used, so that the stability and controllability of the exploitation process are ensured, and the exploitation efficiency and the exploitation degree of the shallow heavy oil reservoir near the denudation surface are improved.
And the sectional mining of the invention is carried out by injecting the viscosity reducer for huff and puff mining, the viscosity of the thick oil near the perforation section of the horizontal well is reduced, the flowing capability is enhanced, after the thick oil is mined to a certain degree, the pressure around the perforation section of the horizontal well is reduced, and a certain pressure gradient is formed in the oil reservoir between the perforation sections of the vertical well and the horizontal well, so that when the steam flooding mining is carried out, the mixture of the steam and the crude oil is guided to move to the perforation section of the horizontal well and then is extracted from the horizontal well, thereby improving the mining efficiency, effectively guiding the flowing of the steam and the crude oil, and avoiding the problems of environmental pollution and property loss caused by the steam breaking through the thick oil zone or the stripping surface.
The method comprises the steps of starting from the deployed horizontal well finger end, conducting subsection mining on the horizontal well, namely dividing the deployed horizontal well into a plurality of subsections, and conducting mining on each subsection from the horizontal well finger end to the horizontal well root in sequence. Preferably, when the sectional mining is carried out, the corresponding horizontal section between every two adjacent 2 vertical wells is a section; and selecting one subsection corresponding to 2 adjacent straight wells for exploitation every time, or selecting two subsections corresponding to 3 adjacent straight wells for exploitation together, so that the exploitation efficiency of the shallow heavy oil reservoir near the stripping surface can be further improved, and the exploitation economy of the heavy oil reservoir is ensured.
Preferably, in order to further improve the exploitation degree of the shallow heavy oil reservoir near the denudation surface, after the subsection is perforated, a perforation section is obtained for each subsection corresponding to 2 vertical wells.
Preferably, in order to ensure the economy of heavy oil reservoir exploitation of a shallow layer near the ablation surface and improve the proportion of oil recovery to well drilling input, the length of the horizontal well is equal to the length of a 4-6 vertical well pattern development well spacing.
Preferably, the horizontal well is located at the middle lower part of the oil layer in the longitudinal direction. The horizontal well is arranged at the middle lower part, so that the heavy oil reservoir can be extracted by utilizing gravity during the extraction, and the exploitation degree of the heavy oil reservoir is improved.
Preferably, in the sectional mining, the times of the huff and puff mining of the viscosity reducer are 3-4 times. By injecting the viscosity reducer for huff-and-puff exploitation, the flow capacity and the extraction degree of thick oil near the horizontal section can be improved, the oil reservoir driving condition between the original vertical well and the horizontal well can be improved, and the subsequent steam flooding exploitation from the vertical well to the horizontal well is facilitated.
Preferably, the length of the perforation section is 1/4-1/3 of the length of the vertical well pattern development well distance.
Preferably, in the sectional mining, after the instantaneous oil-gas ratio of the steam flooding mining to the perforation section is smaller than the limit economic oil-gas ratio, the steam flooding mining is ended.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional well pattern of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a single reservoir well pattern of example 1;
in the figure, 1-ablation surface, 2-oil layer, 3-horizontal well, 4-vertical well, 5-vertical well perforation section and 6-horizontal well perforation section.
Detailed Description
The following provides a supplementary explanation of the technical effects of the present invention with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The invention provides an example of the exploitation of the following heavy oil reservoir by the exploitation method of the invention.
The heavy oil reservoir has a buried depth of 140m, is constructed as a monoclinic with a stratum dip angle of 10-15 degrees, has an average oil layer thickness of 3.4 m, a porosity of 0.32, a permeability of 1100mD and an original oil saturation of 0.65. The viscosity of the degassed crude oil is 22700mPa.s at the oil layer temperature (21.40 ℃), the original formation pressure is 1.3-1.6 MPa, and the oil reservoir is an extra heavy oil reservoir with an ablation surface.
Because the oil deposit is buried shallowly, steam channeling is easy to occur to pollute shallow underground water or ground eruption when the development well is deployed near the denudation surface, a vertical well pattern is deployed in a main body area on one side of the oil deposit, which is far away from the denudation surface, according to the development well spacing of 70m, steam huff and puff development lasts 30 years, the average huff and puff frequency is 20, the formation pressure is reduced to 0.3-0.5MPa, the daily oil production of a single well is 0.4t/d, the oil-steam ratio is 0.17, the extraction degree is 27%, and the oil deposit enters a low-yield and low-efficiency stage; and the oil layer close to one side of the ablation surface is not provided with a development well, and the geological reserves are not exploited for use all the time.
In the method for exploiting a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface according to this embodiment, the well pattern distribution refers to the schematic cross-sectional well pattern diagram in fig. 1, and the method for exploiting a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface 1 includes two oil layers 2, where the method for exploiting a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface in a single oil layer is described as an example, and the well pattern distribution of the oil layer refers to the schematic plan well pattern diagram in fig. 2, and includes the following steps:
(1) Newly drilling a horizontal well 3 in an oil layer between an oil-bearing interface of the denudation surface and the original vertical well pattern, and setting a casing pipe for well cementation after the horizontal well 3 is drilled; the original vertical well pattern is a well pattern which is arranged when a corresponding oil layer heavy oil reservoir is exploited in the early stage, the boundary of the original vertical well pattern consists of 7 vertical wells 4 which are sequentially marked as vertical wells A-G, and the horizontal distance between every two adjacent vertical wells 4 and the horizontal distance between the boundary of the vertical well pattern and the inner boundary of the ablation surface are both 70 meters (the length of the development well distance of 1.0 vertical well pattern); the newly drilled horizontal well is located at the middle lower part of the oil layer in the longitudinal direction, the length of the horizontal well is 400 meters, and the horizontal distance between the horizontal well and the inner boundary of the denudation surface is 35 meters.
(2) And (2) from the finger end of the deployed horizontal well, selecting a first section and a second section corresponding to the straight well A and the straight well B and the straight well C, perforating the sections, obtaining a horizontal well perforation section 6 from the corresponding horizontal section between every 2 straight wells, wherein the length of the horizontal well perforation section 6 is 20-30 meters, and the horizontal well perforation section is respectively a first perforation section and a second perforation section. And performing huff-and-puff exploitation of the viscosity reducer through the first perforation section and the second perforation section for 4 times. And then injecting steam into the vertical well A, the vertical well B and the vertical well C through the vertical well perforation section 5, and producing through the first perforation section and the second perforation section by adopting the horizontal well 3 to carry out steam flooding exploitation. And when the instantaneous oil-gas ratio from the steam flooding exploitation to the perforation section is less than 0.2, ending the steam flooding exploitation and plugging the first perforation section and the second perforation section.
(3) And selecting a third section and a fourth section corresponding to the straight well C and the straight well D and the straight well E, perforating the sections, obtaining a horizontal well perforation section 6 from the corresponding horizontal section between every 2 straight wells, wherein the length of the horizontal well perforation section 6 is 20-30 meters, and the horizontal well perforation section is respectively the third perforation section and the fourth perforation section. And performing huff-and-puff exploitation of the viscosity reducer through the third perforation segment and the fourth perforation segment for 4 times. And then injecting steam into the vertical well C, the vertical well D and the vertical well E through the vertical well perforation section 5, and producing through the third perforation section and the fourth perforation section by adopting the horizontal well 3 to carry out steam flooding exploitation. And when the instantaneous oil-gas ratio from the steam flooding exploitation to the perforation section is less than 0.2, ending the steam flooding exploitation and plugging the third perforation section and the fourth perforation section.
(4) And selecting a fifth section and a sixth section corresponding to the vertical well E and the vertical well F and the vertical well G, obtaining a horizontal well perforation section 6 corresponding to the horizontal section between every 2 vertical wells, wherein the length of the horizontal well perforation section 6 is 20-30 meters, and the horizontal well perforation section is respectively the fifth perforation section and the sixth perforation section. And performing huff and puff exploitation of the viscosity reducer through the fifth perforation segment and the sixth perforation segment for 4 times. And then injecting steam into the vertical well E, the vertical well F and the vertical well G through the vertical well perforation section 5, and producing through the fifth perforation section and the sixth perforation section by adopting the horizontal well 3 to carry out steam flooding exploitation. And when the instantaneous oil-gas ratio of the steam flooding exploitation to the perforation section is less than 0.2, ending the steam flooding exploitation, and plugging the fifth perforation section and the sixth perforation section.
(5) The production method is applied for 6 years, so that the out-of-control reserve of the thick oil near the denudation surface is used, the extraction degree is 25.8 percent, and the extraction degree is close to that of a main body area.
Claims (8)
1. A method for exploiting a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Deploying a horizontal well in an oil layer between an oil-bearing boundary of the ablation surface and the vertical well pattern; the vertical well pattern is a well pattern which is arranged when the corresponding oil layer heavy oil reservoir is exploited in the early stage, and the horizontal distance between the boundary of the vertical well pattern and the inner boundary of the denudation surface is the length of the development well distance of 1.0 vertical well pattern; the horizontal distance between the horizontal well and the inner boundary of the ablation surface is the length of the well spacing of 0.5 vertical well patterns;
2) Performing sectional mining on the horizontal well from the deployed finger tip of the horizontal well; when each subsection is exploited, the subsections are perforated to form perforation sections, then viscosity reducer is injected to carry out huff and puff exploitation, then steam is injected into a vertical well to carry out steam flooding exploitation, and the perforation sections are blocked after the steam flooding exploitation is finished.
2. The method of producing a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface of claim 1, wherein: when the sectional mining is carried out, the corresponding horizontal section between every two adjacent 2 vertical wells is a section; and selecting one subsection corresponding to the adjacent 2 vertical wells for production each time, or selecting two subsections corresponding to the adjacent 3 vertical wells to be combined together for production.
3. A method of producing a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface as defined in claim 1, wherein: and after perforating the subsections, obtaining a perforation section by a corresponding subsection section between every 2 vertical wells.
4. The method of producing a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface of claim 1, wherein: the length of the horizontal well is equal to the length of the well pattern development well spacing of 4-6 vertical wells.
5. A method of producing a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein: and the horizontal well is longitudinally positioned at the middle lower part of the oil layer.
6. The method of producing a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface of claim 1, wherein: in the subsection exploitation, the number of times of huff and puff exploitation of the viscosity reducer is 3-4.
7. A method of producing a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein: the length of the perforation section is 1/4-1/3 of the length of the well pattern development well distance of the vertical well.
8. A method of producing a shallow heavy oil reservoir near an ablation surface as defined in claim 1, wherein: in the subsection exploitation, after the instantaneous oil-gas ratio of the steam flooding exploitation to the perforation section is smaller than the limit economic oil-gas ratio, the steam flooding exploitation is finished.
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2022
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