CN115213549A - Multi-pass laser processing method, system, device and storage medium - Google Patents
Multi-pass laser processing method, system, device and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the specification provides a multi-pass laser processing method, a system, a device and a storage medium based on temperature field prediction waste heat compensation, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring thermophysical performance parameters of a processed material, and primarily setting laser processing parameters; carrying out temperature field simulation under laser processing parameters; establishing a geometric model of the alloy material, setting material physical property parameters, dividing grids, specifying calculation time length and time step length and a convective heat transfer boundary, applying a laser surface heat source, performing calculation solution based on the temperature field simulation, and obtaining a simulation result; further optimizing and designing a complete laser processing process; performing experimental verification on the laser processing process, comparing the experimental verification with the actual laser processing requirement, and correcting part of parameters in a temperature field control equation; and obtaining optimized parameters, thereby determining reasonable selection of the laser processing technology and realizing specific processing requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of computer technologies, and in particular, to a method, a system, an apparatus, and a storage medium for multi-pass laser processing based on temperature field prediction residual heat compensation.
Background
The advantages of laser machining mainly include: can process various metals and nonmetals, in particular can process materials with high hardness, high brittleness and high melting point; the laser beam is easy to guide and focus, realizes the conversion of all directions, is very easy to be matched with a numerical control system, processes complex workpieces, can work in a relatively open environment, and is a very flexible processing method without space limitation; the repeatability and continuity of the processing process are good, the quality is reliable, the mechanization is easy to realize, and the economic benefit is improved; the laser beam has small spot size, high energy density, fast forming and processing, high production efficiency, local processing, no or little influence on non-laser irradiation parts, small heat affected zone, small thermal deformation of workpieces and small subsequent processing amount. Therefore, the method is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, ships, manufacturing and the like.
Because the spot size of laser processing is small, under working scenes such as laser additive manufacturing, laser repair processing, laser surface forming processing and the like, the integral forming processing is often completed by multiple times of laser processing. In the multi-pass processing process, due to the characteristic of rapid processing of laser processing, the processing of a new pass is started when the waste heat of the previous pass is not diffused/convected/radiated, and particularly, the phenomenon can occur when materials with low thermal diffusion coefficients such as magnesium base and aluminum base or parts with complex structures are processed. In order to make the material performance uniform after the laser multi-pass processing, it is often required to obtain a uniform processing depth, processing width, overlapping area, and the like for each pass, and therefore, the influence of the processing residual heat on the substrate and the added/added material is considered in the laser processing. At present, the influence of waste heat is not considered in the laser processing process or is often influenced according to experience, and the actual effect still needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-pass laser processing method, a multi-pass laser processing system, a multi-pass laser processing device and a multi-pass laser processing storage medium based on temperature field prediction waste heat compensation, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
The invention provides a multi-pass laser processing method based on temperature field prediction waste heat compensation, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring thermophysical property parameters of a processed material, and preliminarily setting laser processing parameters according to the thermophysical property parameters of the processed material and processing requirements;
performing temperature field simulation on the laser processing parameters through a finite element analysis module based on a temperature field control equation;
according to an actual laser processing alloy material, a three-dimensional modeling module is adopted to establish a geometric model, the geometric model is led into a finite element analysis module, a heat transfer analysis module is loaded, material physical property parameters are set, grids are divided, calculation time length and time step length are appointed, a convective heat transfer boundary is appointed, a laser surface heat source is applied, calculation and solving are carried out on the basis of the temperature field simulation, and a simulation result is obtained;
based on the consideration of residual heat compensation according to the simulation result, further optimizing and designing the complete laser processing process; performing experimental verification on the laser processing process after the simulation optimization, comparing the experimental verification with the actual laser processing requirement, and further correcting part of parameters in a temperature field control equation;
after correction, the optimized parameters of the specific material in the temperature field control equation under the specific condition are obtained, so that the reasonable selection of the laser processing technology of the specific material in the multi-pass forming manufacturing of laser processing is determined, and the specific processing requirements are realized.
The invention provides a multi-pass laser processing system based on temperature field prediction waste heat compensation, which comprises:
the acquisition setting module is used for acquiring the thermophysical performance parameters of the processed material and primarily setting the laser processing parameters according to the thermophysical performance parameters of the processed material and the processing requirement;
the temperature field simulation module is used for carrying out temperature field simulation on the laser processing parameters through the finite element analysis module based on a temperature field control equation;
the method comprises the steps of establishing a calculation module, establishing a geometric model by adopting a three-dimensional modeling module according to an actual laser-processed alloy material, introducing the geometric model into a finite element analysis module, loading a heat transfer analysis module, setting material physical property parameters, dividing grids, specifying calculation time length and time step length and a convective heat transfer boundary, applying a laser surface heat source, performing calculation and solving based on the temperature field simulation, and obtaining a simulation result;
the optimization module is used for further optimizing and designing a complete laser processing process based on the consideration of waste heat compensation according to the simulation result; performing experimental verification on the laser processing process after the simulation optimization, comparing the experimental verification with the actual laser processing requirement, and further correcting part of parameters in a temperature field control equation;
and the determining module is used for obtaining optimized parameters of the specific material in the temperature field control equation under the specific condition after correction, so that the reasonable selection of the laser processing technology of the specific material during the laser processing multi-pass forming manufacturing is determined, and the specific processing requirement is realized.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a multi-pass laser processing device based on temperature field prediction waste heat compensation, which comprises: the system comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the computer program is used for realizing the steps of the multi-pass laser processing method based on temperature field prediction residual heat compensation when being executed by the processor.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein an implementation program for information transmission is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the implementation program is executed by a processor, the steps of the multi-pass laser processing method based on temperature field prediction residual heat compensation are implemented.
By adopting the embodiment of the invention, based on the temperature field control equation, the change of the temperature field along with time under the set laser processing process condition is simulated through the finite element, and the optimization of the multi-pass laser processing process considering the waste heat compensation is guided, so that the multi-pass laser processing material with uniform performance is obtained.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate one or more embodiments or prior art solutions of the present specification, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present specification, and that other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of multipass laser processing based on temperature field predictive residual heat compensation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional multi-pass laser machining process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the influence of residual heat of a previous pass laser on the penetration of a subsequent pass through the multi-pass remelting according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the temperature field distribution at different times for pass 1 of the forming of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the temperature field distribution as shaped to the middle of each pass for an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic of the maximum temperature and minimum temperature at different times for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the temperature field distribution as shaped to the middle of each pass for a varying laser power case according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the temperature field distribution of the present invention as shaped to the middle of each pass at constant laser power in real time;
FIG. 9 illustrates maximum and minimum temperatures for different laser power control strategies according to embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a temperature field-based prediction waste heat compensation multi-pass laser cladding magnesium alloy 6-pass forming morphology according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a multi-pass laser processing system based on temperature field predictive residual heat compensation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a multi-pass laser processing apparatus with predicted residual heat compensation based on temperature field according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by a person skilled in the art from one or more of the embodiments described herein without making any inventive step shall fall within the scope of protection of this document.
Method embodiment
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a multi-pass laser processing method based on temperature field prediction residual heat compensation is provided, fig. 1 is a flowchart of the multi-pass laser processing method based on temperature field prediction residual heat compensation according to the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the multi-pass laser processing method based on temperature field prediction residual heat compensation according to the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
101, acquiring thermophysical performance parameters of a processed material, and preliminarily setting laser processing parameters according to the thermophysical performance parameters of the processed material and processing requirements; the thermophysical performance parameters include at least one of: density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity in all directions, and laser absorption rate of the material. The laser processing parameters specifically include at least one of the following: laser mode, laser spot diameter, laser power, pulse frequency, laser scanning speed, processing route, lap-joint rate between the pass, wherein, the laser module specifically includes: continuous lasers and pulsed lasers.
102, performing temperature field analog simulation under the laser processing parameters through a finite element analysis module based on a temperature field control equation; the temperature field control program specifically comprises:
wherein, formula 1 is a heat conduction equation for describing the energy diffusion process; formula 2 is a laser surface heat source model for applying laser energy to the machining forming area, and rho is density; c is the specific heat capacity; t is the temperature; t is time; x, y and z are three main direction coordinates of an orthogonal coordinate system respectively; k is a radical of x ,k y ,k z Thermal conductivity in three directions respectively; q is the laser surface heat source density; eta is the laser absorption rate; p is laser power; r is the laser spot radius; x is the number of 0 ,y 0 Respectively the horizontal coordinates of the center of the light spot when the laser starts to act; v is the laser scanning rate; t is t 0 Is the starting moment of the laser action.
Step 102 specifically includes:
and carrying out temperature field simulation on the laser processing parameters through a finite element analysis module based on a temperature field control equation to obtain the change conditions of the fusion width and the fusion depth of the molten pool along with time under different set processing conditions, thereby predicting the fusion width and the fusion depth of the welding seam of each pass after solidification.
103, according to an alloy material processed by actual laser, establishing a geometric model by using a three-dimensional modeling module, introducing the geometric model into a finite element analysis module, loading a heat transfer analysis module, setting material physical property parameters, dividing grids, specifying calculation time length and time step length and a convective heat transfer boundary, applying a laser surface heat source, performing calculation and solving based on the temperature field simulation, and obtaining a simulation result;
step 104, further optimizing and designing a complete laser processing process according to the simulation result based on the consideration of waste heat compensation; performing experimental verification on the laser processing process after the simulation optimization, comparing the experimental verification with the actual laser processing requirement, and further correcting part of parameters in a temperature field control equation; the laser processing process specifically comprises at least one of the following: and (4) processing each pass of technological parameters and laser processing paths by laser.
And 105, obtaining optimized parameters of the specific material in a temperature field control equation under specific conditions after correction, thereby determining reasonable selection of the laser processing technology of the specific material during laser processing multi-pass forming manufacturing and realizing specific processing requirements.
The above technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The spot size of laser processing is small, so that under working scenes such as laser additive manufacturing, laser repair processing and laser surface forming processing, the integral forming processing is often completed by multiple times of laser processing. In the multi-pass processing process, due to the characteristic of rapid processing of laser processing, the processing of a new pass is started when the waste heat of the previous pass is not diffused/convected/radiated, and particularly, the phenomenon can occur when materials with low thermal diffusion coefficients such as magnesium base and aluminum base or parts with complex structures are processed. In order to make the material performance uniform after the laser multi-pass processing, it is often required to obtain a uniform processing depth, processing width, overlapping area, and the like for each pass, and therefore, the influence of the processing residual heat on the substrate and the added/added material is considered in the laser processing. At present, the influence of waste heat is not considered in the laser processing process or is often influenced according to experience, and the actual effect still needs to be further improved.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional multi-pass laser processing process, where (a) is surface laser remelting, (b) is surface laser cladding, (c) is laser repairing of a hole, and (d) is laser repairing of a non-hole, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the processes include, but are not limited to, surface laser remelting, surface laser cladding, laser repairing of a hole, and laser repairing of a non-hole. The laser processing processes all need to be processed by multiple times, and as shown in fig. 3, all relate to the influence of waste heat generated by the previous laser processing on the laser processing of the next laser processing; fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of temperature field distribution at different time points when forming the 1 st pass of the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of temperature field distribution when forming to the middle position of each pass of the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of maximum temperature and minimum temperature at different time points of the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of temperature field distribution when forming to the middle position of each pass under the condition of varying laser power of the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of temperature field distribution when forming to the middle position of each pass under the condition of real-time constant laser power of the present invention, fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of maximum temperature and minimum temperature under different laser power control strategies of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4-9, in order to make the processing performance of each pass of the laser processing process as uniform as much as possible, it is necessary to predict the temperature distribution of the previous pass based on the temperature field simulation temperature distribution, and correct the processing process of the next pass based on this consideration. The method has practical guiding significance for correcting the laser process parameters, the pass offset, the laser processing path planning and the like of the next laser processing based on waste heat compensation.
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the following processing:
(1) Acquiring thermophysical performance parameters of the processed material, and if the material is a new material, obtaining the thermophysical performance parameters through experimental tests or adopting approximate thermophysical performance parameters of known materials as a reference, wherein the parameters comprise but are not limited to density, specific heat capacity, heat conductivity coefficients in all directions, absorption rate of the material to laser and the like.
(2) Laser processing parameters including, but not limited to, laser mode (continuous laser, pulse laser), laser spot diameter, laser power, pulse frequency, laser scanning speed, processing path, inter-pass lap ratio, etc. are preliminarily set according to the hot material characteristics and the processing requirements (fusion width, fusion depth, residual height, processing time efficiency, etc.) of the processed material.
(3) Finite element analysis software (including but not limited to ANSYS software) is carried out on the basis of a temperature field control equation to carry out temperature field simulation on the condition of set parameters in the primary laser processing process, so that the changes of the fusion width and the fusion depth of a molten pool with time under different set processing conditions are obtained, and the fusion width and the fusion depth of a weld joint in each pass after solidification are predicted. The main temperature field control procedure is as follows:
wherein, formula [1]Is a heat conduction equation, which is used to describe the energy diffusion process; formula [2 ]]Is a laser surface heat source model for applying laser energy to the process shaping area. Wherein rho is density, kg/m3; c is specific heat capacity, J/(kg. K); t is temperature, DEG C; t is time, s; x, y and z are three main direction coordinates m of an orthogonal coordinate system respectively; k is a radical of formula x ,k y ,k z The thermal conductivity in three directions, W/(m.k) respectively; q is the laser surface heat source density, W/m2; eta is the laser absorptivity; p is laser power, W; r is the laser spot radius, m; x is the number of 0 ,y 0 Respectively the horizontal coordinate m of the center of the light spot when the laser starts to act; v is the laser scanning speed, m/s; t is t 0 The starting moment of the laser action, s.
(4) Establishing a geometric model by adopting three-dimensional modeling software according to an actual laser processing alloy material;
(5) Introducing a geometric model into software, and loading a heat transfer analysis module;
(6) Setting material physical property parameters, dividing grids, specifying calculation time length and time step length and setting a convection heat exchange boundary;
(7) Applying a laser surface heat source;
(8) Calculating and solving;
(9) The temperature field control process reflects the change rule of the laser energy distribution and the energy diffusion process along with the time, so that the change of the temperature (waste heat) along with the time in the laser multi-pass processing process can be reflected more truly. The complete laser processing process including the technological parameters of each pass of laser processing, the laser processing path and the like can be further optimized and designed based on the consideration of waste heat compensation according to the simulation result.
(10) And (4) carrying out experimental verification on the process after the simulation optimization, comparing the process with the actual laser processing requirement, and further correcting part of parameters in the temperature field control process, such as the laser absorption rate of the material.
(11) And after re-optimization, obtaining optimized parameters of the specific material in a temperature field control equation under specific conditions, thereby guiding the reasonable selection of the laser processing technology of the specific material during laser processing multi-pass forming manufacturing and realizing specific processing requirements.
The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included therein.
Example 1: remelting and refining crystal grains on magnesium alloy laser surface
In the embodiment, the metal material is selected from cast magnesium alloy, and aims to obtain surface refined grains by utilizing rapid cooling in the laser remelting process and improve the surface performance of the magnesium alloy. The magnesium alloy has poor heat-conducting property, the influence of waste heat in laser processing engineering is large, and fig. 3 shows that the difference of the penetration depth and the fusion width of each pass of the obtained multi-pass remelting welding line is large by adopting the same laser processing technology and not considering the energy of the waste heat compensation of the previous pass and the energy of the next pass.
The method for processing the multi-pass laser remelting surface based on temperature field prediction waste heat comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: according to the magnesium alloy material subjected to actual laser remelting processing, a geometric model is established by adopting three-dimensional modeling software;
the second step is that: introducing a geometric model into ANSYS Workbench software, and loading a Transient Thermal analysis module;
the third step: according to the magnesium alloy hot material parameters and the processing parameters which are consulted or measured by tests, according to the test result of the single-pass laser remelting magnesium alloy, primarily selecting the laser power and the laser scanning speed, setting material physical property parameters, dividing grids, specifying the calculation time length and time step length and setting a convection heat exchange boundary;
the fourth step: applying a laser surface heat source by means of an APDL command;
the fifth step: calculating and solving;
and a sixth step: according to the result of the solved temperature field, obtaining the influence of waste heat on the fusion width and fusion depth of a molten pool under different time accumulation, guiding and optimizing the multi-pass laser remelting multi-pass processing technology, and carrying out actual test verification on the optimized laser multi-pass processing technology;
the seventh step: and further feeding back and correcting thermal material parameters in the temperature field model according to the result of the actual optimization test, thereby guiding the magnesium alloy laser remelting multi-pass processing technology.
Example 2 three-pass simulation of temperature field in magnesium alloy laser cladding process
In this case, the temperature field simulation of the laser cladding process was performed three times on the magnesium alloy, and compared with the experimental results. The main calculation parameters set according to the actual situation include: the geometric model size is 100mm multiplied by 30mm multiplied by 5mm; the material density is 1800kg/m3; the specific heat capacity is 1024J/(kg.K); the thermal conductivity is 156W/(m.k); the laser absorption rate is 0.15; the diameter of the light spot is 3mm; the laser scanning speed is 0.01m/s; the laser power was kept at 1800W at all times. The three-pass laser cladding path is as follows: the initial X-direction coordinate of each pass is 5mm; the length of each pass in the X direction is 90mm; the Y-direction distance between adjacent passes is 1.8mm; the current pass ends to the next pass start interval 9s.
Fig. 4-5 show the temperature field simulation results of three laser cladding processes. As can be seen from fig. 4, the temperature of the laser action region rises sharply during the forming process, the high temperature region changes with the movement of the laser spot, and the energy of the high temperature region gradually diffuses to the adjacent region. As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the laser energy is gradually concentrated in the material during the forming process, and the laser power used in each pass is consistent, so that the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of each pass are gradually increased, and the molten pool width of each pass is gradually increased. The widths of the molten pool in three passes measured according to the simulation result are respectively 2.70mm, 3.06mm and 3.49mm. The melt pool widths measured experimentally for the three passes were 2.73mm, 3.63mm and 3.77mm respectively. The simulation result is well matched with the experimental result, so that the accuracy of the temperature field calculation is verified.
Example 3 temperature simulation results and analysis of six-pass magnesium alloy laser cladding process
In order to verify the feasibility of controlling the laser power to keep constant fusion width, six-pass laser cladding process temperature simulation is carried out. The main calculation parameters include: the geometric model size is 100mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 15mm; the material density is 1800kg/m3; the specific heat capacity is 1024J/(kg.K); the thermal conductivity is 156W/(m.k); the laser absorptivity is 0.15; the diameter of the light spot is 3mm; the laser scanning speed was 0.01m/s. The six-pass laser cladding path is as follows: the initial X-direction coordinate of each pass is 5mm; the length of each pass in the X direction is 90mm; the Y-direction distance between adjacent passes is 1.8mm; the current pass ends to the next pass start interval of 9s. The calculation scheme comprises a variable laser power situation and a constant laser power situation, wherein the laser power of the 1 st and the 2 nd passes under the variable laser power situation is 2200W, the laser power of the 3 rd and the 4 th passes is 2100W, and the laser power of the 5 th and the 6 th passes is 1900W; the laser power of each pass under the condition of constant laser power is 2200W.
Fig. 7 to 9 show the simulation results of temperature fields under different laser power control strategies. The calculation result is easy to know, and when a constant laser power control strategy is adopted, the highest temperature of each pass is gradually increased because the laser energy is gradually gathered in the material, so that the fusion width of each pass is gradually increased; when the variable laser power control strategy is adopted, although the laser energy is still gradually gathered in the material, the maximum temperature of each pass is gradually reduced due to the gradual reduction of the laser power, and further, the constant melt width is hopefully maintained. The melt width of each pass under the constant laser power control strategy measured and calculated according to the simulation result is respectively 2.94mm, 3.07mm, 3.13mm, 3.22mm, 3.32mm and 3.40mm; the melting widths of each pass under the variable laser power control strategy are respectively 2.94mm, 3.07mm, 3.06mm, 3.13mm, 3.00mm and 2.98mm. The multi-pass laser cladding processing can be guided by adopting gradually reduced laser power so as to obtain stable and uniform molten pool width.
In summary, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of predicting a 6-pass forming morphology of a waste heat compensation multi-pass laser cladding magnesium alloy based on a temperature field in the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 10, the embodiment of the present invention simulates a change of the temperature field with time under a set laser processing process condition through a finite element based on a temperature field control equation, and guides optimization of a multi-pass laser processing process considering waste heat compensation, so as to obtain a multi-pass laser processing material with uniform performance.
System embodiment
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a multipass laser processing system based on temperature field prediction residual heat compensation is provided, fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the multipass laser processing system based on temperature field prediction residual heat compensation according to the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 11, the multipass laser processing system based on temperature field prediction residual heat compensation according to the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
the acquisition setting module 110 is used for acquiring the thermophysical performance parameters of the processed material and primarily setting laser processing parameters according to the thermophysical performance parameters of the processed material and the processing requirements; the thermophysical performance parameter includes at least one of: density, specific heat capacity, heat conductivity in all directions, and laser absorption rate of the material;
the laser processing parameters specifically include at least one of the following: laser mode, laser spot diameter, laser power, pulse frequency, laser scanning speed, processing route, lap-joint rate between the pass, wherein, the laser module specifically includes: continuous laser and pulsed laser;
the temperature field simulation module 112 is used for performing temperature field simulation under the laser processing parameters through a finite element analysis module based on a temperature field control equation; the temperature field control process specifically comprises the following steps:
the temperature field simulation module 112 is specifically configured to: and carrying out temperature field simulation on the laser processing parameters through a finite element analysis module based on a temperature field control equation to obtain the change conditions of the fusion width and the fusion depth of the molten pool along with time under different set processing conditions, thereby predicting the fusion width and the fusion depth of the welding seam of each pass after solidification.
A building calculation module 114, which is used for building a geometric model by using a three-dimensional modeling module according to an actual laser-processed alloy material, guiding the geometric model into a finite element analysis module, loading a heat transfer analysis module, setting material physical property parameters, dividing grids, specifying calculation time and time step length and a convective heat transfer boundary, applying a laser surface heat source, and performing calculation and solution based on the temperature field simulation to obtain a simulation result;
the optimization module 116 is used for further optimizing and designing a complete laser processing process based on the consideration of waste heat compensation according to the simulation result; performing experimental verification on the laser processing process after the simulation optimization, comparing the experimental verification with the actual laser processing requirement, and further correcting part of parameters in a temperature field control equation; the laser processing process specifically comprises at least one of the following: and (4) processing each pass of technological parameters and laser processing paths by laser.
The determining module 118 is configured to obtain, after the correction, parameters optimized in the temperature field control equation of the specific material under the specific condition, so as to determine a reasonable selection of a laser processing process of the specific material during the laser processing multi-pass forming manufacturing, and implement specific processing requirements.
The embodiment of the present invention is a system embodiment corresponding to the above method embodiment, and the specific operations of each module may be understood with reference to the description of the method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
Apparatus embodiment one
The embodiment of the invention provides a multi-pass laser processing device based on temperature field prediction waste heat compensation, as shown in fig. 12, the device comprises: a memory 120, a processor 122 and a computer program stored on the memory 120 and executable on the processor 122, which computer program when executed by the processor 52 implements the steps as described in the method embodiments.
Device embodiment II
An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which an implementation program for information transmission is stored, and when the program is executed by the processor 122, the steps described in the method embodiment are implemented.
The computer-readable storage medium of this embodiment includes, but is not limited to: ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks, and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-pass laser processing method based on temperature field prediction waste heat compensation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring thermophysical property parameters of a processed material, and preliminarily setting laser processing parameters according to the thermophysical property parameters of the processed material and processing requirements;
performing temperature field simulation on the laser processing parameters through a finite element analysis module based on a temperature field control equation;
according to an alloy material processed by actual laser, a three-dimensional modeling module is adopted to establish a geometric model, the geometric model is led into a finite element analysis module, a heat transfer analysis module is loaded, material physical property parameters, grid division, specified calculation time length and time step length and a convection heat transfer boundary are set, a laser surface heat source is applied, calculation solution is carried out on the basis of temperature field simulation, and a simulation result is obtained;
based on the consideration of waste heat compensation according to the simulation result, the complete laser processing process is further optimized and designed; performing experimental verification on the laser processing process after the simulation optimization, comparing the experimental verification with the actual laser processing requirement, and further correcting part of parameters in a temperature field control equation;
after correction, the optimized parameters of the specific material in the temperature field control equation under the specific condition are obtained, so that the reasonable selection of the laser processing technology of the specific material in the multi-pass forming manufacturing of laser processing is determined, and the specific processing requirements are realized.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the thermophysical property parameter comprises at least one of: density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity in all directions, and laser absorption rate of the material.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser machining parameters specifically comprise at least one of: laser mode, laser spot diameter, laser power, pulse frequency, laser scanning speed, processing route, inter-pass overlap ratio, wherein, the laser module specifically includes: continuous lasers and pulsed lasers.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature field control procedure specifically comprises:
wherein, formula 1 is a heat conduction equation for describing the energy diffusion process; formula 2 is a laser surface heat source model for applying laser energy to the machining forming area, wherein rho is density; c is the specific heat capacity; t is the temperature; t is time; x, y and z are three main direction coordinates of an orthogonal coordinate system respectively; k is a radical of x ,k y ,k z Thermal conductivity in three directions respectively; q is the laser surface heat source density; eta is the laser absorption rate; p is laser power; r is the laser spot radius; x is a radical of a fluorine atom 0 ,y 0 Respectively the horizontal coordinates of the center of the light spot when the laser starts to act; v is the laser scanning rate; t is t 0 Is the starting moment of the laser action.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser machining process comprises in particular at least one of: and processing parameters and laser processing paths of each pass by laser.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein performing temperature field simulation by a finite element analysis module under the laser processing parameters based on a temperature field control equation specifically comprises:
and carrying out temperature field simulation on the laser processing parameters through a finite element analysis module based on a temperature field control equation to obtain the change conditions of the fusion width and the fusion depth of the molten pool along with time under different set processing conditions, thereby predicting the fusion width and the fusion depth of the welding seam of each pass after solidification.
7. A multi-pass laser processing system based on temperature field prediction waste heat compensation is characterized by comprising:
the acquisition setting module is used for acquiring the thermophysical performance parameters of the processed material and primarily setting the laser processing parameters according to the thermophysical performance parameters of the processed material and the processing requirement;
the temperature field simulation module is used for carrying out temperature field simulation under the laser processing parameters through the finite element analysis module based on a temperature field control equation;
the method comprises the steps of establishing a calculation module, establishing a geometric model by adopting a three-dimensional modeling module according to an actual laser-processed alloy material, introducing the geometric model into a finite element analysis module, loading a heat transfer analysis module, setting material physical property parameters, dividing grids, specifying calculation time and time step length and a convective heat transfer boundary, applying a laser surface heat source, and performing calculation and solving based on the temperature field simulation to obtain a simulation result;
the optimization module is used for further optimizing and designing a complete laser processing process based on the consideration of waste heat compensation according to the simulation result; performing experimental verification on the laser processing process after the simulation optimization, comparing the experimental verification with the actual laser processing requirement, and further correcting part of parameters in a temperature field control equation;
and the determining module is used for obtaining optimized parameters of the specific material in the temperature field control equation under the specific condition after correction, so that the reasonable selection of the laser processing technology of the specific material during the laser processing multi-pass forming manufacturing is determined, and the specific processing requirement is realized.
8. The system of claim 7,
the thermophysical performance parameter includes at least one of: density, specific heat capacity, heat conductivity in all directions, and laser absorption rate of the material;
the laser processing parameters specifically include at least one of the following: laser mode, laser spot diameter, laser power, pulse frequency, laser scanning speed, processing route, inter-pass overlap ratio, wherein, the laser module specifically includes: continuous laser and pulsed laser;
the temperature field control program specifically comprises:
wherein, formula 1 is a heat conduction equation for describing the energy diffusion process; formula 2 is a laser surface heat source model for applying laser energy to the machining forming area, wherein rho is density; c is the specific heat capacity; t is the temperature; t is time; x, y and z are three main direction coordinates of an orthogonal coordinate system respectively; k is a radical of x ,k y ,k z Thermal conductivity in three directions respectively; q is the laser surface heat source density; eta is the laser absorptivity; p is laser power; r is the laser spot radius; x is a radical of a fluorine atom 0 ,y 0 Respectively the horizontal coordinates of the center of the light spot when the laser starts to act; v is the laser scanning rate; t is t 0 Is the starting moment of laser action;
the laser processing process specifically comprises at least one of the following: and (4) processing each pass of technological parameters and laser processing paths by laser.
9. A multi-pass laser processing device based on temperature field prediction waste heat compensation is characterized by comprising: memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the computer program, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method for multi-pass laser machining based on temperature field prediction residual heat compensation according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a program for implementing information transfer, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of the method for multi-pass laser processing based on temperature field prediction residual heat compensation according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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