CN115212837A - Ammonium bicarbonate high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification experimental device - Google Patents

Ammonium bicarbonate high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification experimental device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115212837A
CN115212837A CN202210886942.9A CN202210886942A CN115212837A CN 115212837 A CN115212837 A CN 115212837A CN 202210886942 A CN202210886942 A CN 202210886942A CN 115212837 A CN115212837 A CN 115212837A
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pressure
pyrolysis
temperature
ammonium bicarbonate
reheater
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白博峰
宋年铎
赵帅琪
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006Controlling or regulating processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/0013Controlling the temperature of the process
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0053Details of the reactor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J3/002Component parts of these vessels not mentioned in B01J3/004, B01J3/006, B01J3/02 - B01J3/08; Measures taken in conjunction with the process to be carried out, e.g. safety measures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J3/04Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J6/00Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
    • B01J6/008Pyrolysis reactions
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02Column chromatography

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate, which mainly comprises a reaction kettle, a temperature control system, a reheater, a pressure control device, a cooler, a flowmeter, a scavenging system, an exhaust and gas washing system, a data acquisition and display system and the like. The reaction kettle mainly has the function of fully performing pyrolysis reaction on the pyrolysis working medium; the temperature control system is mainly used for accurately adjusting the wall temperature of the reaction kettle; the reheater mainly functions to heat the pyrolysis product into superheated gas, so as to avoid liquefaction of the pyrolysis product and pipeline blockage; the pressure control device is mainly used for accurately adjusting the air pressure in the kettle; the main function of the cooler is to cool the pyrolysis product to protect the flowmeter; the flow meter is used for measuring the mass flow of the pyrolysis product. The invention solves the difficult problem of high-temperature high-pressure large-dose controllable pyrolysis of ammonium bicarbonate, realizes the reliable control and accurate measurement of the high-dose high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification process, and provides test equipment for the development of related technologies.

Description

Ammonium bicarbonate high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification experimental device
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate, and belongs to the technical field of pyrolysis reaction.
Background
Under the flying state of the hypersonic aerocraft, due to the combined action of viscous friction, shock wave flow and pneumatic combustion, the main structure of the hypersonic aerocraft is usually in an extremely severe high-temperature environment,
creating a significant challenge to thermal protection techniques. Therefore, the method breaks the problem of thermal barrier, realizes the high-efficiency thermal protection of important parts of the hypersonic aircraft, and has important significance for maintaining the aerospace safety of China and enhancing the comprehensive national strength.
At present, the traditional passive thermal protection mode, namely the traditional thermal protection technologies such as laying ablation materials to absorb heat and laying heat insulating materials to insulate heat, is difficult to meet the future development requirements of hypersonic aircrafts due to the fact that the heat absorption capacity is low and considerable weight on a carrying platform is occupied. In order to realize the high-efficiency thermal protection of important parts of the hypersonic aircraft, an ammonium bicarbonate high-efficiency thermal protection technology is provided. In order to develop a controllable thermal desorption technology of ammonium bicarbonate and realize reliable control and accurate measurement of the high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification process of ammonium bicarbonate, an experimental device for the high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification of ammonium bicarbonate is developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate, which realizes reliable control and accurate measurement of the high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification process of ammonium bicarbonate and provides test equipment for related technical development.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate, which comprises a reaction kettle, a temperature control system, a reheater, a pressure control device, a cooler, a flowmeter, a scavenging system, an exhaust and gas washing system, a gas sampling valve, a data acquisition and display system and the like.
The invention is further characterized in that the reaction kettle enables the pyrolysis working medium to fully perform pyrolysis reaction. Comprises a kettle cover filter screen, a kettle inner cavity cover, a kettle body inner cavity and a quick-release flange.
The invention is further characterized in that the temperature control system comprises a resistance wire heating furnace, a heating furnace electric control lifting table and a thermocouple temperature sensor, and the system accurately adjusts the temperature of the outer wall of the kettle to realize the high-temperature pyrolysis gasification process.
The present invention is further characterized in that the reheater heats the pyrolysis product to superheated gas, thereby preventing liquefaction of the pyrolysis product and blockage of the pipeline.
The invention is further characterized in that the pressure control device accurately adjusts the air pressure in the kettle, and realizes the reliable control of the high-pressure pyrolysis gasification process.
The invention is further characterized in that the cooler cools the pyrolysis product to protect the flow meter.
The invention is further characterized in that the flow meter accurately measures the mass flow of the pyrolysis product.
The invention is further characterized in that the scavenging system and the exhaust gas scrubbing system are used for detecting the air tightness of the experimental device and the safe and pollution-free discharge.
The invention is further characterized in that the gas sampling valve is connected to a gas chromatograph to detect the components and the content of the pyrolysis product.
The invention is further characterized in that the data acquisition and display system is used for acquiring and storing data of various instruments such as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a resistance wire heating furnace, a reheater, a flowmeter and the like.
The experimental device can carry out the pyrolysis reaction of the mixture of the ammonium bicarbonate or the ammonium bicarbonate and the inhibitor.
The ammonium bicarbonate is granular or porous medium.
The kettle inner cavity cover is provided with three pipeline interfaces with the outside, one pipeline is connected with a pressure transmitter, a safety valve and a scavenging valve, the other pipeline is connected with a kettle body outlet pipeline reheater, a pressure control device, a cooler and a flowmeter, and the last pipeline is connected with a sampling pressure balance valve.
The pyrolysis product enters a reheater to heat the pyrolysis product into superheated gas, so that liquefaction of the pyrolysis product and pipeline blockage are avoided.
The temperature control system and the resistance wire heating furnace are respectively connected with the reaction kettle and the heating furnace. Six thermocouple temperature sensors are arranged for temperature detection, the gas temperature of the middle shaft of the kettle, the temperature of the inner wall of the upper side of the kettle, the temperature of the inner wall of the lower side of the kettle, the reaction temperature of the solid pyrolysis working medium close to the wall, the temperature of the outer wall of the kettle and the temperature of the hearth are respectively measured, and the pyrolysis gasification process can be accurately measured.
The pressure control device consists of a pressure control pump and a pressure balance piston, and is used for accurately adjusting the air pressure in the kettle and realizing the reliable control of the high-pressure pyrolysis gasification process.
The components are connected by a pipeline.
The experimental device can meet high-temperature and high-pressure experimental conditions, and provides test equipment for related technology development.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an ammonium bicarbonate high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification experimental device which mainly comprises a reaction kettle, a temperature control system, a reheater, a pressure control device, a cooler, a flow meter, a scavenging system, an exhaust gas washing system, a gas sampling valve, a data acquisition display system and the like. The reaction kettle mainly has the function of fully performing pyrolysis reaction on the pyrolysis working medium; the temperature control system is mainly used for accurately adjusting the temperature of the outer wall of the kettle; the reheater mainly functions to heat the pyrolysis product into superheated gas, so as to avoid liquefaction of the pyrolysis product and pipeline blockage; the pressure control device is mainly used for accurately adjusting the air pressure in the kettle; the main function of the cooler is to cool the pyrolysis product protection flowmeter; the flowmeter is used for measuring the mass flow of the pyrolysis product; the scavenging system and the exhaust gas washing system are used for detecting the air tightness and safe and pollution-free discharge of the experimental device; and the gas sampling valve is used for taking out the pyrolysis product and accessing the pyrolysis product to a gas chromatograph to detect the components and the content of the pyrolysis product. The data acquisition and display system is used for acquiring and storing data of various instruments such as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor 17, a temperature control system, a reheater and a flowmeter. The invention solves the difficult problem of high-temperature high-pressure large-dose controllable pyrolysis of ammonium bicarbonate, realizes the reliable control and accurate measurement of the high-dose high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification process, and provides test equipment for the development of related technologies.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate;
reference numbers in the figures: 1. a reaction kettle; 2. a kettle inner cavity cover; 3. a quick-release flange; 4. an inner cavity of the kettle body; 5. a resistance wire heating furnace; 6. an electric control lifting platform of the heating furnace; 7. a reheater; 8. an automatic pressure control device; 9. controlling the pump; 10. a pressure balancing piston; 11. a cooler; 12. a flow meter; 13. filtering the acid water tank; 14. a data acquisition system; 15. sampling, scavenging and air pressure balancing valves; 16. a safety valve; 17. a pressure sensor; 18. a scavenging air tightness check valve; 19. the temperature of the inner wall of the upper side of the kettle; 20. the reaction temperature of the near-wall pyrolysis working medium; 21. the temperature of the inner wall of the lower side of the kettle; 22. the temperature of the gas in the middle shaft of the kettle; 23. the temperature of the outer wall of the kettle; 24. furnace temperature
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the attached drawings, which are illustrative, but not limiting, of the present invention.
The invention provides an ammonium bicarbonate high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification experimental device which mainly comprises a reaction kettle 1, a temperature control system, a reheater 7, a pressure control device 8, a cooler 11, a flowmeter 12, a scavenging system, an exhaust and gas washing system 18, a gas sampling valve 15, a data acquisition and display system 14 and the like. The reaction kettle 1 is mainly used for fully performing pyrolysis reaction on a pyrolysis working medium; the temperature control system is mainly used for accurately adjusting the temperature of the outer wall of the kettle; the reheater 7 mainly functions to heat the pyrolysis product into superheated gas, thereby avoiding liquefaction of the pyrolysis product and pipeline blockage; the pressure control device 8 is mainly used for accurately adjusting the pressure in the kettle; the main function of the cooler 11 is to cool the pyrolysis product protection flowmeter; the flow meter 12 is used for measuring the mass flow of the pyrolysis products; the scavenging system and the exhaust gas scrubbing system 18 are used for detecting the air tightness and safe and pollution-free discharge of the experimental device; the gas sampling valve 15 is used for taking out the pyrolysis product and accessing a gas chromatograph to detect the components and the content of the pyrolysis product. The data acquisition and display system 14 is used for acquiring and storing data of various instruments such as the temperature sensors 19-24, the pressure sensor 17, the temperature control system, the reheater 7 and the flowmeter 12.
The experimental device can meet the reliable control and accurate measurement of the large-dosage high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification process of ammonium bicarbonate. The specific operation steps are as follows:
step 1: and (3) filling ammonium bicarbonate particles into an inner cavity 2 of the reaction kettle body, covering an inner cavity cover 4 of the reaction kettle, and sealing the kettle body by using a quick-release flange 3 and a fastening bolt.
Step 2: setting the heating temperature, starting the resistance wire heating furnace 5, starting the electric control lifting platform 6 of the heating furnace when the temperature reaches the set value and is stable for 30 minutes, completely sleeving the reaction kettle 1 after the temperature rises, and starting heating the reaction kettle 1 in the hearth.
And step 3: when the temperature of the pyrolysis product reaches the target temperature, the pressure in the kettle is set by adjusting the pressure control device 8.
And 4, step 4: ammonium bicarbonate is fully pyrolyzed and gasified at high temperature and high pressure to generate pyrolysis products which are discharged out of the kettle body 1, enter a flowmeter 12 through a reheater 7, an automatic pressure control device 8 and a cooler 11, and finally enter a tail gas collecting device and an acid water tank 13.
And 5: the experiment data are dynamically monitored by using the temperature sensors 19-24, the pressure sensor 17 and the flowmeter 12, the data are transmitted to a computer, and the experiment of the high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis reaction of the ammonium bicarbonate is completed by analyzing the principle and the rule of the high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification process of the ammonium bicarbonate.
In conclusion, the method is mainly used for experimental research on pyrolysis reaction of ammonium bicarbonate under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.

Claims (8)

1. The experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate is characterized by comprising a reaction kettle, a temperature control system, a reheater, a pressure control device, a cooler, a flowmeter, a scavenging system, an exhaust and gas scrubbing system, a gas sampling valve and a data acquisition and display system, wherein the inner cavity cover of the kettle is provided with three pipeline interfaces with the outside, and one pipeline is connected with a pressure transmitter, a safety valve and the exhaust and gas scrubbing system of the scavenging system; one path is connected with a reheater, a pressure control device, a cooler, a flowmeter and a data acquisition and display system in sequence through pipelines; and the last path is connected with a sampling air pressure balance valve through a pipeline.
2. The experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the temperature control system comprises a resistance wire heating furnace, an electric control lifting table of the heating furnace and a thermocouple temperature sensor, and the temperature of the outer wall of the kettle is accurately adjusted to realize the high-temperature pyrolysis and gasification process.
3. The experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reheater 7 heats the pyrolysis product to be superheated gas in a resistance wire heating manner, thereby avoiding liquefaction of the pyrolysis product and pipeline blockage.
4. The experimental apparatus for high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate according to claim 1, wherein the gas sampling valve 15 is connected to a gas chromatograph for detecting the components and content of pyrolysis products.
And the data acquisition and display system is used for acquiring and storing data of the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the resistance wire heating furnace, the reheater and the flowmeter.
5. The experimental facility for high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis reaction of ammonium bicarbonate according to claim 1, wherein the experimental facility can perform pyrolysis reaction of ammonium bicarbonate or mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and inhibitor.
6. The experimental facility for high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis reaction of ammonium bicarbonate of claim 1, wherein the ammonium bicarbonate is granular or porous medium.
7. The experimental facility for high temperature and high pressure pyrolysis reaction of ammonium bicarbonate of claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis product enters the reheater to heat the pyrolysis product to be superheated gas, thereby avoiding liquefaction of the pyrolysis product and pipeline blockage.
8. The experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis reaction of ammonium bicarbonate according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure control device is composed of a pressure control pump and a pressure balance piston, one end of the pressure balance piston is connected with the pressure control pump through a pipeline, and the other end of the pressure balance piston is connected with a reheater, so that the pressure in the autoclave can be accurately adjusted, and the reliable control of the high-pressure pyrolysis gasification process can be realized.
CN202210886942.9A 2022-07-26 2022-07-26 Ammonium bicarbonate high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification experimental device Pending CN115212837A (en)

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103968150A (en) * 2014-05-09 2014-08-06 河南龙成煤高效技术应用有限公司 Heating device of blind end device of gas pipeline
CN204981787U (en) * 2015-06-01 2016-01-20 农业部规划设计研究院 Living beings pyrolysis gas step condensation separation recovery unit
CN107557045A (en) * 2017-10-20 2018-01-09 农业部规划设计研究院 One kind orientation strengthens flow field pyrolysis installation and feedstock hydrocarbon method for pyrolysis
CN107664704A (en) * 2017-11-25 2018-02-06 昆明理工大学 A kind of online sample introduction sampling complete mixing flow analogue experiment installation of HTHP Diagenesis And Mineralization
CN207816756U (en) * 2018-03-06 2018-09-04 中国石油大学(华东) A kind of experimental provision of high temperature and high pressure steam pyrolytic reaction
CN209210295U (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-08-06 威海市正威机械设备有限公司 A kind of reaction kettle automatic rising-sinking platform
CN110787727A (en) * 2018-08-02 2020-02-14 Mwt公司 Pressure container with flushing and sweeping device
CN111075999A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-04-28 唐山科源环保技术装备有限公司 Device and process for preventing tar condensation from blocking hot gas pipeline of producer

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103968150A (en) * 2014-05-09 2014-08-06 河南龙成煤高效技术应用有限公司 Heating device of blind end device of gas pipeline
CN204981787U (en) * 2015-06-01 2016-01-20 农业部规划设计研究院 Living beings pyrolysis gas step condensation separation recovery unit
CN107557045A (en) * 2017-10-20 2018-01-09 农业部规划设计研究院 One kind orientation strengthens flow field pyrolysis installation and feedstock hydrocarbon method for pyrolysis
CN107664704A (en) * 2017-11-25 2018-02-06 昆明理工大学 A kind of online sample introduction sampling complete mixing flow analogue experiment installation of HTHP Diagenesis And Mineralization
CN207816756U (en) * 2018-03-06 2018-09-04 中国石油大学(华东) A kind of experimental provision of high temperature and high pressure steam pyrolytic reaction
CN110787727A (en) * 2018-08-02 2020-02-14 Mwt公司 Pressure container with flushing and sweeping device
CN209210295U (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-08-06 威海市正威机械设备有限公司 A kind of reaction kettle automatic rising-sinking platform
CN111075999A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-04-28 唐山科源环保技术装备有限公司 Device and process for preventing tar condensation from blocking hot gas pipeline of producer

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