CN115212837A - Ammonium bicarbonate high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification experimental device - Google Patents
Ammonium bicarbonate high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115212837A CN115212837A CN202210886942.9A CN202210886942A CN115212837A CN 115212837 A CN115212837 A CN 115212837A CN 202210886942 A CN202210886942 A CN 202210886942A CN 115212837 A CN115212837 A CN 115212837A
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/002—Component parts of these vessels not mentioned in B01J3/004, B01J3/006, B01J3/02 - B01J3/08; Measures taken in conjunction with the process to be carried out, e.g. safety measures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/04—Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
- B01J6/008—Pyrolysis reactions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate, which mainly comprises a reaction kettle, a temperature control system, a reheater, a pressure control device, a cooler, a flowmeter, a scavenging system, an exhaust and gas washing system, a data acquisition and display system and the like. The reaction kettle mainly has the function of fully performing pyrolysis reaction on the pyrolysis working medium; the temperature control system is mainly used for accurately adjusting the wall temperature of the reaction kettle; the reheater mainly functions to heat the pyrolysis product into superheated gas, so as to avoid liquefaction of the pyrolysis product and pipeline blockage; the pressure control device is mainly used for accurately adjusting the air pressure in the kettle; the main function of the cooler is to cool the pyrolysis product to protect the flowmeter; the flow meter is used for measuring the mass flow of the pyrolysis product. The invention solves the difficult problem of high-temperature high-pressure large-dose controllable pyrolysis of ammonium bicarbonate, realizes the reliable control and accurate measurement of the high-dose high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification process, and provides test equipment for the development of related technologies.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate, and belongs to the technical field of pyrolysis reaction.
Background
Under the flying state of the hypersonic aerocraft, due to the combined action of viscous friction, shock wave flow and pneumatic combustion, the main structure of the hypersonic aerocraft is usually in an extremely severe high-temperature environment,
creating a significant challenge to thermal protection techniques. Therefore, the method breaks the problem of thermal barrier, realizes the high-efficiency thermal protection of important parts of the hypersonic aircraft, and has important significance for maintaining the aerospace safety of China and enhancing the comprehensive national strength.
At present, the traditional passive thermal protection mode, namely the traditional thermal protection technologies such as laying ablation materials to absorb heat and laying heat insulating materials to insulate heat, is difficult to meet the future development requirements of hypersonic aircrafts due to the fact that the heat absorption capacity is low and considerable weight on a carrying platform is occupied. In order to realize the high-efficiency thermal protection of important parts of the hypersonic aircraft, an ammonium bicarbonate high-efficiency thermal protection technology is provided. In order to develop a controllable thermal desorption technology of ammonium bicarbonate and realize reliable control and accurate measurement of the high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification process of ammonium bicarbonate, an experimental device for the high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification of ammonium bicarbonate is developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate, which realizes reliable control and accurate measurement of the high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification process of ammonium bicarbonate and provides test equipment for related technical development.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate, which comprises a reaction kettle, a temperature control system, a reheater, a pressure control device, a cooler, a flowmeter, a scavenging system, an exhaust and gas washing system, a gas sampling valve, a data acquisition and display system and the like.
The invention is further characterized in that the reaction kettle enables the pyrolysis working medium to fully perform pyrolysis reaction. Comprises a kettle cover filter screen, a kettle inner cavity cover, a kettle body inner cavity and a quick-release flange.
The invention is further characterized in that the temperature control system comprises a resistance wire heating furnace, a heating furnace electric control lifting table and a thermocouple temperature sensor, and the system accurately adjusts the temperature of the outer wall of the kettle to realize the high-temperature pyrolysis gasification process.
The present invention is further characterized in that the reheater heats the pyrolysis product to superheated gas, thereby preventing liquefaction of the pyrolysis product and blockage of the pipeline.
The invention is further characterized in that the pressure control device accurately adjusts the air pressure in the kettle, and realizes the reliable control of the high-pressure pyrolysis gasification process.
The invention is further characterized in that the cooler cools the pyrolysis product to protect the flow meter.
The invention is further characterized in that the flow meter accurately measures the mass flow of the pyrolysis product.
The invention is further characterized in that the scavenging system and the exhaust gas scrubbing system are used for detecting the air tightness of the experimental device and the safe and pollution-free discharge.
The invention is further characterized in that the gas sampling valve is connected to a gas chromatograph to detect the components and the content of the pyrolysis product.
The invention is further characterized in that the data acquisition and display system is used for acquiring and storing data of various instruments such as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a resistance wire heating furnace, a reheater, a flowmeter and the like.
The experimental device can carry out the pyrolysis reaction of the mixture of the ammonium bicarbonate or the ammonium bicarbonate and the inhibitor.
The ammonium bicarbonate is granular or porous medium.
The kettle inner cavity cover is provided with three pipeline interfaces with the outside, one pipeline is connected with a pressure transmitter, a safety valve and a scavenging valve, the other pipeline is connected with a kettle body outlet pipeline reheater, a pressure control device, a cooler and a flowmeter, and the last pipeline is connected with a sampling pressure balance valve.
The pyrolysis product enters a reheater to heat the pyrolysis product into superheated gas, so that liquefaction of the pyrolysis product and pipeline blockage are avoided.
The temperature control system and the resistance wire heating furnace are respectively connected with the reaction kettle and the heating furnace. Six thermocouple temperature sensors are arranged for temperature detection, the gas temperature of the middle shaft of the kettle, the temperature of the inner wall of the upper side of the kettle, the temperature of the inner wall of the lower side of the kettle, the reaction temperature of the solid pyrolysis working medium close to the wall, the temperature of the outer wall of the kettle and the temperature of the hearth are respectively measured, and the pyrolysis gasification process can be accurately measured.
The pressure control device consists of a pressure control pump and a pressure balance piston, and is used for accurately adjusting the air pressure in the kettle and realizing the reliable control of the high-pressure pyrolysis gasification process.
The components are connected by a pipeline.
The experimental device can meet high-temperature and high-pressure experimental conditions, and provides test equipment for related technology development.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an ammonium bicarbonate high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification experimental device which mainly comprises a reaction kettle, a temperature control system, a reheater, a pressure control device, a cooler, a flow meter, a scavenging system, an exhaust gas washing system, a gas sampling valve, a data acquisition display system and the like. The reaction kettle mainly has the function of fully performing pyrolysis reaction on the pyrolysis working medium; the temperature control system is mainly used for accurately adjusting the temperature of the outer wall of the kettle; the reheater mainly functions to heat the pyrolysis product into superheated gas, so as to avoid liquefaction of the pyrolysis product and pipeline blockage; the pressure control device is mainly used for accurately adjusting the air pressure in the kettle; the main function of the cooler is to cool the pyrolysis product protection flowmeter; the flowmeter is used for measuring the mass flow of the pyrolysis product; the scavenging system and the exhaust gas washing system are used for detecting the air tightness and safe and pollution-free discharge of the experimental device; and the gas sampling valve is used for taking out the pyrolysis product and accessing the pyrolysis product to a gas chromatograph to detect the components and the content of the pyrolysis product. The data acquisition and display system is used for acquiring and storing data of various instruments such as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor 17, a temperature control system, a reheater and a flowmeter. The invention solves the difficult problem of high-temperature high-pressure large-dose controllable pyrolysis of ammonium bicarbonate, realizes the reliable control and accurate measurement of the high-dose high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification process, and provides test equipment for the development of related technologies.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate;
reference numbers in the figures: 1. a reaction kettle; 2. a kettle inner cavity cover; 3. a quick-release flange; 4. an inner cavity of the kettle body; 5. a resistance wire heating furnace; 6. an electric control lifting platform of the heating furnace; 7. a reheater; 8. an automatic pressure control device; 9. controlling the pump; 10. a pressure balancing piston; 11. a cooler; 12. a flow meter; 13. filtering the acid water tank; 14. a data acquisition system; 15. sampling, scavenging and air pressure balancing valves; 16. a safety valve; 17. a pressure sensor; 18. a scavenging air tightness check valve; 19. the temperature of the inner wall of the upper side of the kettle; 20. the reaction temperature of the near-wall pyrolysis working medium; 21. the temperature of the inner wall of the lower side of the kettle; 22. the temperature of the gas in the middle shaft of the kettle; 23. the temperature of the outer wall of the kettle; 24. furnace temperature
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the attached drawings, which are illustrative, but not limiting, of the present invention.
The invention provides an ammonium bicarbonate high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification experimental device which mainly comprises a reaction kettle 1, a temperature control system, a reheater 7, a pressure control device 8, a cooler 11, a flowmeter 12, a scavenging system, an exhaust and gas washing system 18, a gas sampling valve 15, a data acquisition and display system 14 and the like. The reaction kettle 1 is mainly used for fully performing pyrolysis reaction on a pyrolysis working medium; the temperature control system is mainly used for accurately adjusting the temperature of the outer wall of the kettle; the reheater 7 mainly functions to heat the pyrolysis product into superheated gas, thereby avoiding liquefaction of the pyrolysis product and pipeline blockage; the pressure control device 8 is mainly used for accurately adjusting the pressure in the kettle; the main function of the cooler 11 is to cool the pyrolysis product protection flowmeter; the flow meter 12 is used for measuring the mass flow of the pyrolysis products; the scavenging system and the exhaust gas scrubbing system 18 are used for detecting the air tightness and safe and pollution-free discharge of the experimental device; the gas sampling valve 15 is used for taking out the pyrolysis product and accessing a gas chromatograph to detect the components and the content of the pyrolysis product. The data acquisition and display system 14 is used for acquiring and storing data of various instruments such as the temperature sensors 19-24, the pressure sensor 17, the temperature control system, the reheater 7 and the flowmeter 12.
The experimental device can meet the reliable control and accurate measurement of the large-dosage high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification process of ammonium bicarbonate. The specific operation steps are as follows:
step 1: and (3) filling ammonium bicarbonate particles into an inner cavity 2 of the reaction kettle body, covering an inner cavity cover 4 of the reaction kettle, and sealing the kettle body by using a quick-release flange 3 and a fastening bolt.
Step 2: setting the heating temperature, starting the resistance wire heating furnace 5, starting the electric control lifting platform 6 of the heating furnace when the temperature reaches the set value and is stable for 30 minutes, completely sleeving the reaction kettle 1 after the temperature rises, and starting heating the reaction kettle 1 in the hearth.
And step 3: when the temperature of the pyrolysis product reaches the target temperature, the pressure in the kettle is set by adjusting the pressure control device 8.
And 4, step 4: ammonium bicarbonate is fully pyrolyzed and gasified at high temperature and high pressure to generate pyrolysis products which are discharged out of the kettle body 1, enter a flowmeter 12 through a reheater 7, an automatic pressure control device 8 and a cooler 11, and finally enter a tail gas collecting device and an acid water tank 13.
And 5: the experiment data are dynamically monitored by using the temperature sensors 19-24, the pressure sensor 17 and the flowmeter 12, the data are transmitted to a computer, and the experiment of the high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis reaction of the ammonium bicarbonate is completed by analyzing the principle and the rule of the high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification process of the ammonium bicarbonate.
In conclusion, the method is mainly used for experimental research on pyrolysis reaction of ammonium bicarbonate under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.
Claims (8)
1. The experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate is characterized by comprising a reaction kettle, a temperature control system, a reheater, a pressure control device, a cooler, a flowmeter, a scavenging system, an exhaust and gas scrubbing system, a gas sampling valve and a data acquisition and display system, wherein the inner cavity cover of the kettle is provided with three pipeline interfaces with the outside, and one pipeline is connected with a pressure transmitter, a safety valve and the exhaust and gas scrubbing system of the scavenging system; one path is connected with a reheater, a pressure control device, a cooler, a flowmeter and a data acquisition and display system in sequence through pipelines; and the last path is connected with a sampling air pressure balance valve through a pipeline.
2. The experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the temperature control system comprises a resistance wire heating furnace, an electric control lifting table of the heating furnace and a thermocouple temperature sensor, and the temperature of the outer wall of the kettle is accurately adjusted to realize the high-temperature pyrolysis and gasification process.
3. The experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reheater 7 heats the pyrolysis product to be superheated gas in a resistance wire heating manner, thereby avoiding liquefaction of the pyrolysis product and pipeline blockage.
4. The experimental apparatus for high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of ammonium bicarbonate according to claim 1, wherein the gas sampling valve 15 is connected to a gas chromatograph for detecting the components and content of pyrolysis products.
And the data acquisition and display system is used for acquiring and storing data of the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the resistance wire heating furnace, the reheater and the flowmeter.
5. The experimental facility for high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis reaction of ammonium bicarbonate according to claim 1, wherein the experimental facility can perform pyrolysis reaction of ammonium bicarbonate or mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and inhibitor.
6. The experimental facility for high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis reaction of ammonium bicarbonate of claim 1, wherein the ammonium bicarbonate is granular or porous medium.
7. The experimental facility for high temperature and high pressure pyrolysis reaction of ammonium bicarbonate of claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis product enters the reheater to heat the pyrolysis product to be superheated gas, thereby avoiding liquefaction of the pyrolysis product and pipeline blockage.
8. The experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure pyrolysis reaction of ammonium bicarbonate according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure control device is composed of a pressure control pump and a pressure balance piston, one end of the pressure balance piston is connected with the pressure control pump through a pipeline, and the other end of the pressure balance piston is connected with a reheater, so that the pressure in the autoclave can be accurately adjusted, and the reliable control of the high-pressure pyrolysis gasification process can be realized.
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CN202210886942.9A CN115212837A (en) | 2022-07-26 | 2022-07-26 | Ammonium bicarbonate high-temperature high-pressure pyrolysis gasification experimental device |
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CN107557045A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-09 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | One kind orientation strengthens flow field pyrolysis installation and feedstock hydrocarbon method for pyrolysis |
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CN209210295U (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-08-06 | 威海市正威机械设备有限公司 | A kind of reaction kettle automatic rising-sinking platform |
CN110787727A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-14 | Mwt公司 | Pressure container with flushing and sweeping device |
CN111075999A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-04-28 | 唐山科源环保技术装备有限公司 | Device and process for preventing tar condensation from blocking hot gas pipeline of producer |
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2022
- 2022-07-26 CN CN202210886942.9A patent/CN115212837A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
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CN103968150A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-08-06 | 河南龙成煤高效技术应用有限公司 | Heating device of blind end device of gas pipeline |
CN204981787U (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2016-01-20 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Living beings pyrolysis gas step condensation separation recovery unit |
CN107557045A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-09 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | One kind orientation strengthens flow field pyrolysis installation and feedstock hydrocarbon method for pyrolysis |
CN107664704A (en) * | 2017-11-25 | 2018-02-06 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of online sample introduction sampling complete mixing flow analogue experiment installation of HTHP Diagenesis And Mineralization |
CN207816756U (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-09-04 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of experimental provision of high temperature and high pressure steam pyrolytic reaction |
CN110787727A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-14 | Mwt公司 | Pressure container with flushing and sweeping device |
CN209210295U (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-08-06 | 威海市正威机械设备有限公司 | A kind of reaction kettle automatic rising-sinking platform |
CN111075999A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-04-28 | 唐山科源环保技术装备有限公司 | Device and process for preventing tar condensation from blocking hot gas pipeline of producer |
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