CN103247358A - High-energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test bed for nuclear power station - Google Patents
High-energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test bed for nuclear power station Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement in nuke industry, and in particular relates to a high-energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test bed for a nuclear power station. A structure of the high-energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test bed comprises a high-energy medium generation device, wherein the high-energy medium generation device is connected with a testing pipeline through a technological pipeline, the testing pipeline is connected with a leakage rate measurement pipeline, the testing pipeline comprises a testing straight pipeline and a crack simulation test piece, the technological pipeline comprises a main technological pipeline and a temperature and humidity steam testing pipeline as a branch pipeline, the testing straight pipeline is connected with the main technological pipeline, the temperature and humidity steam testing pipeline respectively extends to the crack simulation test piece and the leakage rate measurement pipeline respectively, a plurality of waveguide rods are arranged on the testing straight pipeline, acoustic emission sensors are arranged on the waveguide rods and are connected with signal acquisition cards through cables. The test bed provided by the invention can be used for finishing leakage simulation tests of high-energy pipelines, as well as research and development, demarcating and overhaul of acoustic emission leakage monitoring systems and temperature and humidity leakage monitoring systems.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the nuclear industry field of measuring technique, be specifically related to a kind of nuclear power station high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand, can be used for research and development, demarcation, the maintenance of local leakage monitoring system.
Background technology
After the Fukushima, Japan accident, nuclear plant safety and reliability have been proposed requirements at the higher level, particularly the relevant high energy line leakage of nuclear safety requires to adopt broken preceding leakage technology.Leakage technology is the designing technique that guarantees a kind of advanced person of reactor operation security and reliability before broken, when pipeline leaks, when leakage rate acquires a certain degree, can measure and inform the operations staff by ad hoc leakage monitor, expand to critical crack size and before the fracture suddenly at pipeline crack, can there be abundant time to realize safe shutdown, leakage pipe be repaired or processing such as replacing, to avoid the generation of pipeline double.
Building in the design of nuclear power station in the past, all be to adopt conventional meanses such as melt pit liquid level, water loading amount balance to monitor to high energy pipeline medium leakage monitoring, the overall corresponding time of monitoring of these monitoring meanss is very long, and can't be to can not identified leakage accurately locating, quantitatively.So some advanced local leakage monitoring methods will consider the relevant high energy pipe leakage of nuclear safety is carried out the location of quantitative measurment, leakage point, improve nuclear plant safety and reliability.
The local leakage monitoring method mainly adopts acoustic emission leakage monitoring and humiture leakage monitoring method.Investigation according to current domestic and international Related product, still do not have at present ripe product and can directly apply to the quantitative measurment of the specific high energy line leakage of nuclear power station, all need carry out adaptability revision or research and development of products, to suitable test-bed be need build to the location that specific high energy pipeline carries out quantitative measurment accurately and leakage point, transforming relationship and definite correction factor between leakage monitoring signal and the slip set up by bench test.
The principle of acoustic emission leakage monitoring is as follows: when the high energy pipeline leaks, have an effect in leaking medium and pipeline border, produce ultrasound wave, and ultrasonic signal is propagated along tube wall, by the monitoring of sound probe.When surpassing, acoustic signals allow definite value to represent to leak.Because the singularity of acoustic emission signal, can't directly be found out the relation of slip and acoustic emission signal by theoretical analysis, must obtain slip and acoustic emission signal related data by bench test, test figure is handled and analyzed, simulate the relational model between monitor signal and the slip.
The principle of humiture leakage monitoring is as follows: when the high energy pipeline leaks, be diffused in the heat-insulation layer behind the leaking medium flash-off of steam, cause temperature and absolute humidity in the heat-insulation layer to change, allow definite value to represent to leak when temperature-humidity signal surpasses.By the monitoring of temperature-humidity signal, determine the relational model of slip and absolute humidity.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to satisfy the needs of the specific high energy pipe leakage of nuclear power station quantitative measurment, a kind of high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand is provided, for the research and development of acoustic emission leakage monitoring and humiture leakage monitoring provide test platform.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand, comprise high energy medium generating means, and described high energy medium generating means is connected with the test pipeline by process pipeline, and the test pipeline connects slip and measures pipeline; Described test pipeline comprises test straight pipeline and crackle simulation test piece, and described crackle simulation test piece is arranged on the test straight pipeline; Described process pipeline comprises the technology main line and as the humiture steam test pipeline of branch road, described test straight pipeline is connected with the technology main line, and humiture steam test pipeline extends to the crackle simulation test piece respectively and slip is measured pipeline; Be provided with some waveguide rod at described test straight pipeline, waveguide rod is provided with calibrate AE sensor, and described calibrate AE sensor is by cable and signals collecting card connection.
Further, aforesaid high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand wherein, is provided with the heat-insulation layer device in described test straight pipeline outside, is provided with the electrical heating wire device in test straight pipeline inside.
Further, aforesaid high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand, wherein, the length of described test straight pipeline is greater than the twice of measurement instrument to the maximum layout of crackle simulation test piece distance.
Further, aforesaid high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand wherein, is provided with steam valve and electronic isolation valve at described technology main line.
Further, aforesaid high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand, wherein, described slip is measured pipeline and is comprised the flowmeter that is arranged on test straight pipeline porch, and the collecting hood that is used for collecting leaking medium that is arranged on crackle simulation test piece cracks, described collecting hood is connected with heat exchanger by pipeline, is provided with flowmeter at the entrance and exit place of described heat exchanger.
Further, aforesaid high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand, wherein, in test straight pipeline porch the small-bore bypass that is communicated with the technology main line is set, the described flowmeter that is arranged on test straight pipeline porch is positioned in the described small-bore bypass.
Further, aforesaid high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand wherein, is provided with humiture instrument and/or dew point instrument at described heat-insulation layer device.
Further, aforesaid high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand, wherein, thermometer and the tensimeter of the temperature and pressure of medium in the test straight pipeline is provided with for real-time measuring channel.
Further, aforesaid high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand wherein, also comprises the ICS blind controller system that is connected with instrument on each pipeline.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows: the present invention is from nuclear power station high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring system test demand, considered the characteristic of acoustic emission/humiture observation system, build the test-bed that is applicable to any high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test, can finish research and development, demarcation, the maintenance of high energy pipe leakage simulation test, acoustic emission leakage monitoring system and humiture leakage monitoring system by this test-bed.The invention solves the monitor signal of nuclear power station high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring method (as acoustic emission leakage monitoring and humiture leakage monitoring) and the test match of leakage rate, and the stand Construction Problems of the test match of the location of leakage point.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of test-bed of the present invention.
Figure 1-1. Boiler drum 2-1 Test 2-2 straight pipe. Cracks simulation test pieces 3-1. Process in charge of road 3-2. Steam valve 3-3. Steam pipe electric isolation valve 3-4 the steam pipe and test pipe connection flange 3-5. temperature and humidity test tube steam isolation valve A 3-6. steam temperature and humidity test tube 3-7. temperature and humidity test tube steam isolation valve B 3-8. steam bypass pipeline isolation valve 4-1. leak media collection hood 4-2. leak media collection piping isolation valves 4-3. temperature and humidity emissions / condensed three-way valve 4-4. temperature and humidity pressure regulating valve 4-5. condenser line isolation valves 4-6. exchanger 4-7. condensed water collecting device 5-1. insulation cotton 5-2 5-3 outer insulation of electric heating wire device 6-1. acoustic emission sensors 6-2 waveguide lever 6-3. temperature and humidity meter 6-4. thermometers 6-5. gauge 6-6. flow statement A (leakage steam) 6-7. flow meter B (condensed water) 6-8. flow statement C (steam)
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in detail.
High energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand provided by the present invention mainly is made up of six parts: high energy medium generating means, test pipeline, process pipeline (comprising pipeline and valve etc.), slip are measured pipeline, attemperator, test instrument and supervisory system.High energy medium generating means is connected with the test pipeline by process pipeline, and the test pipeline connects slip and measures pipeline.
High energy medium generating means can be realized stable duty parameter (temperature, pressure) for generation of the medium of nuclear power station high energy pipeline actual condition parameter request, and it is adjustable continuously that the while can be carried out duty parameter.Developmental tube route test straight pipeline, crackle simulation test piece are formed, and are used for carrying out the simulated leakage test, and be consistent in order to guarantee that simulated leakage test effect and actual high energy pipeline truly leak.Process pipeline mainly comprises from high energy medium generating means to technology main line, (the branch's bypass of technology main line of humiture steam test pipeline the test pipeline entrance, extend to heat-insulation layer and pipeline slit place), also comprise process equipments such as the isolation valve that arranges on the process pipe, variable valve, reduction valve, T-valve, heat exchanger.Being designed for to downstream user of process pipeline provides the high energy that satisfies testing requirements medium, avoids high energy medium parameter characteristic in the process pipeline transmission course to change, and can realize the adjustable continuously of high energy medium actual condition (temperature, pressure).Slip is measured the actual leakage rate that pipeline is used for measuring leakage point.Attemperator is that high energy medium temperature, the pressure in the warranty test pipeline is consistent with the actual pipeline operating mode of nuclear power station, prevents that temperature from reducing, and the heat-insulation layer device is set and the electrical heating wire device is set in pipeline at test pipeline outer wall.Test mainly comprises the acoustic emission instrument with instrument, humiture instrument, temperature, manometer, flow instrument.The acoustic emission instrument is used for the acoustic emission signal that the monitoring cracks is sent, and is made up of calibrate AE sensor, private cable, signal amplifier, the special-purpose fastener of gathering; Relative humidity, absolute humidity, variation of temperature in the humiture instrument measurement heat-insulation layer; Temperature, manometer are used for measuring in real time the temperature and pressure of medium in the test pipeline; Flow instrument is used for the measuring media leakage rate.The ICS blind controller system can be realized functions such as bench test data acquisition, analysis, monitoring.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, building mainly of test-bed is made up of six parts: high energy medium flip flop equipment, test pipeline, process pipeline (comprising pipeline and valve etc.), slip are measured pipeline, attemperator, test instrument and supervisory system.
High energy medium generating means
The design proposal of high energy medium generating means does not have concrete requirement for restriction, can be according to the own resource situation, take boiler plant or quote outer mode for the high energy medium, can produce the medium consistent with nuclear power station high energy pipeline actual condition parameter request, realize stable duty parameter (temperature, pressure), it is adjustable continuously that the while can be carried out duty parameter.High energy medium generating means is boiler-steam dome 1-1 in the present embodiment.
Developmental tube route test straight pipeline 2-1, crackle simulation test piece 2-2 form, and for eliminating various influence factors to detection signal, consider simultaneously to reduce cost, dwindle arrangement space, and its selection principle is as follows:
Test straight pipeline 2-1 selects identical trade mark material with nuclear power station high energy pipeline or approximate material for use, to eliminate unlike material to the influence of voice signal; For the leakage monitoring of fully simulating actual high energy pipeline is layouted, length of pipe section is chosen and the choosing of pipe leakage point position, need the instrument of the leakage monitoring of the actual high energy pipeline of consideration nuclear power station to arrange distance to the maximum of crackle, the length of test straight pipeline should be arranged the twice of distance greater than instrument to the crackle maximum.
There are certain influence in external diameter, wall thickness, the material of test straight pipeline 2-1 to acoustic emission signal, and for eliminating this influence, the test straight pipeline preferentially selects for use 1:1 in used in nuclear power station life size pipeline, and wall thickness is consistent with actual pipeline with material; In that actual line size is big, wall thickness is thicker, the buying of the pipeline of same material is than under the situation of difficult, many restrictions of while as be put to the test condition and arrangement space etc., adopt with actual pipeline same outer diameter as, wall thickness, when material test straight pipeline can't be implemented, satisfying on the basis of testing requirements, can consider to adopt and dwindle caliber, dwindle wall thickness, change to the method for approximate material, should consider the correction of these influence factors this moment.
The crackle processing of crackle simulation test piece 2-2, requirement can be simulated the former pipeline crack leakage of nuclear power station acoustic emission characteristic fully, and crack size is complementary with the actual amount of leakage of monitoring that requires.
Process pipeline mainly is made up of process pipe and process equipment.
Process pipe mainly comprise from boiler-steam dome 1-1 extend to heat-insulation layer and pipeline slit and locate to the technology main line 3-1 the test straight pipeline 2-1 entrance, branch's bypass of humiture steam test pipeline 3-6(technology main line).
Process equipment mainly comprises steam valve 3-2, the electronic isolation valve 3-3 of jet chimney, humiture steam test line isolation valve A3-5, humiture steam test line isolation valve B3-7, jet chimney bypass isolation valves 3-8, leaking medium collect pipeline isolation valve 4-2, humiture discharging/condensation T-valve 4-3, humiture decompression valve 4-4, condensate line isolation valve 4-5, heat exchanger 4-6 etc.
Being designed for to downstream user of process pipeline provides the high energy that satisfies testing requirements medium.Avoid high energy medium parameter characteristic in the process pipeline transmission course to change, and can realize the adjustable continuously of high energy medium actual condition (temperature, pressure).
Slip is measured pipeline can take following dual mode:
A kind of for setting up flow instrument (flowmeter C6-8) at test pipeline entrance, when the test pipeline leakage takes place, measure by flow instrument, technology main line bore is too big generally speaking, cause the leakage flow scope to exceed with bore flow instrument measurement range, can set up small-bore bypass this moment, and in bypass flow instrument is set, set up flow instrument as the technology main line and can satisfy leakage rate measurement requirement, can not set up small-bore bypass.
A kind of in cracks leaking medium collecting hood 4-1 to be set, leaking medium is collected, and carry out condensation by heat exchanger 4-6, in heat exchanger 4-6 entrance, outlet flow instrument (flowmeter A6-6 is set, flowmeter B6-7) measures in real time, also condensed fluid can be collected among the condensed water collecting device 4-7, change by the unit interval inner condensat liquid, calculate the average leaked rate.
Attemperator comprises the heat-insulation layer device that is arranged on test straight pipeline outside, and the electrical heating wire device that is arranged on test straight pipeline inside.
The heat-insulation layer device is made up of heat-preservation cotton 5-1 and heat-insulation layer outer wall 5-2, heat-insulation layer designing requirement and the used heat-insulation layer material of the actual pipeline of nuclear power station, thickness are consistent with structure, because material, thickness and the structure of heat-insulation layer are bigger to the leakage monitoring effect of signals, for eliminating this influence, the design of test pipe heat-insulation layer should keep designing with actual pipe insulating layer, structure is consistent, to satisfy the leakage monitoring test condition.The heat-insulation layer device is provided with humiture instrument and/or dew point instrument.
Medium temperature is constant in the temperature that requires in the electrical heating wire device 5-3 principal security test pipeline, and its mounting means can not exert an influence to the transmission of acoustic emission signal.
Test mainly comprises with instrument:
Acoustic emission instrument: be used for the acoustic emission signal that the monitoring cracks is sent, formed by calibrate AE sensor 6-1, private cable, signal amplifier, the special-purpose fastener of gathering.About 5～6 of instrument number, concrete number and type selecting are determined according to concrete testing requirements.
Waveguide rod 6-2: because the pipeline outer wall temperature is higher, calibrate AE sensor can't be directly installed on pipeline outer wall, by waveguide rod is set, with acoustic emission signal outside tube wall is guided to heat-insulation layer.It is consistent with the design of nuclear power station high energy pipe waves guide rod that the structural design of test pipe waveguide rod should keep.Waveguide rod can consider to adopt connected modes such as welding, screw thread, Gao Ci with the test pipeline, and considers test installation, easy and simple to handle, and requires the transmission influence of acoustic emission signal minimum.
Humiture instrument 6-3: relative humidity, absolute humidity, variation of temperature in the humiture instrument measurement heat-insulation layer, can consider to punch at heat-insulation layer, leaked steam is drawn measurement, can't resistant to elevated temperatures problem to solve present most of humiture instrument.The humiture instrument will be considered installation, easy and simple to handle.About 3～4 of instrument number, concrete number and type selecting are determined according to concrete testing requirements.
Temperature, manometer: be used for measuring in real time the temperature and pressure of medium in the test pipeline, comprise the thermometer 6-4 and the tensimeter 6-5 that are arranged on test straight pipeline end.About 1 of instrument number, concrete number and type selecting can be determined in experimental stage.
Flow instrument: be used for the measuring media leakage rate.About 3 of instrument number is collected pipeline heat exchanger entrance, the setting of outlet condenser pipe at technology main line, dielectric leakage, and concrete number and type selecting are determined according to concrete testing requirements.Comprise flowmeter A6-6 in the present embodiment, flowmeter B6-7, flowmeter C6-8.
ICS blind controller system: can realize functions such as bench test data acquisition, analysis, monitoring.Maturation be can consider to use, data acquisition coupling, general and treatment technology structure native system handled with test signal, to satisfy the test demand.
The test operation idiographic flow of nuclear power station high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand provided by the present invention is as follows:
Acoustic emission leakage monitoring experiment process: produce the high energy medium by high energy medium flip flop equipment, medium is transported to the test pipeline by process pipeline, the high energy medium leaks along the leakage crackle/hole that is preset on the pipeline after being full of the test pipeline, produce acoustic emission signal in leakage process medium and pipe friction, the calibrate AE sensor that is disposed on the pipeline is surveyed, and is transferred to supervisory system and carries out data and handle.
Humiture leakage monitoring experiment process: the humiture leakage monitoring method is applicable to the high energy pipeline that is provided with heat-insulation layer, leaking medium is propagated along the slit between heat-insulation layer and the pipeline outer wall, the technology main line is provided with by-pass line, the high energy medium transport is located to slit between heat-insulation layer and tube wall, regulate leakage flow by needle-valve, temperature and absolute humidity change in heat-insulation layer, the Temperature Humidity Sensor (or dew point transducer) that is disposed on the pipeline is surveyed, and is transferred to supervisory system and carries out data and handle.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification to the present invention and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if of the present invention these are revised and modification belongs within the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technology thereof, then the present invention also is intended to comprise these changes and modification interior.
Claims (9)
1. high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand is characterized in that: comprise high energy medium generating means, described high energy medium generating means is connected with the test pipeline by process pipeline, and the test pipeline connects slip and measures pipeline; Described test pipeline comprises test straight pipeline and crackle simulation test piece, and described crackle simulation test piece is arranged on the test straight pipeline; Described process pipeline comprises the technology main line and as the humiture steam test pipeline of branch road, described test straight pipeline is connected with the technology main line, and humiture steam test pipeline extends to the crackle simulation test piece respectively and slip is measured pipeline; Be provided with some waveguide rod at described test straight pipeline, waveguide rod is provided with calibrate AE sensor, and described calibrate AE sensor is by cable and signals collecting card connection.
2. high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with the heat-insulation layer device in described test straight pipeline outside, be provided with the electrical heating wire device in test straight pipeline inside.
3. high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the length of described test straight pipeline greater than measurement instrument to the maximum twice of arranging distance of crackle simulation test piece.
4. high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with steam valve and electronic isolation valve at described technology main line.
5. high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described slip is measured pipeline and is comprised the flowmeter that is arranged on test straight pipeline porch, and the collecting hood that is used for collecting leaking medium that is arranged on crackle simulation test piece cracks, described collecting hood is connected with heat exchanger by pipeline, is provided with flowmeter at the entrance and exit place of described heat exchanger.
6. high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: in test straight pipeline porch the small-bore bypass that is communicated with the technology main line is set, the described flowmeter that is arranged on test straight pipeline porch is positioned in the described small-bore bypass.
7. high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: be provided with humiture instrument and/or dew point instrument at described heat-insulation layer device.
8. as any described high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand among the claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: thermometer and the tensimeter of the temperature and pressure of medium in the test straight pipeline is provided with for real-time measuring channel.
9. high energy pipeline local leakage monitoring test stand as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: also comprise the ICS blind controller system that is connected with instrument on each pipeline.
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| CN106546389A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-03-29 | 北京科技大学 | The method for detecting subcritical, supercritical or ultra supercritical water vapour environment pipeline micro-crack |
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