CN115210463A - 摩擦限制涡轮发电机陀螺仪的方法和装置 - Google Patents

摩擦限制涡轮发电机陀螺仪的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN115210463A
CN115210463A CN202180017599.8A CN202180017599A CN115210463A CN 115210463 A CN115210463 A CN 115210463A CN 202180017599 A CN202180017599 A CN 202180017599A CN 115210463 A CN115210463 A CN 115210463A
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gyroscope
energy
flywheel
blades
spokes
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J·A·马塞尔
J·S·奇门蒂
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Aviation Electrical Engineering Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0602—Rotors having rotating wind-guiding means, e.g. associated with the hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0602—Rotors having rotating wind-guiding means, e.g. associated with the hub
    • F03D1/0606—Shrouds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F03D1/0633—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades
    • F03D1/0641—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades of the section profile of the blades, i.e. aerofoil profile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F03D1/0633—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades
    • F03D1/0648—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades of changeable form, e.g. comprising inflatable elements
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    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
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    • F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
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    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
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    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1869—Linear generators; sectional generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7068—Application in combination with an electrical generator equipped with permanent magnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/31—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/33—Shrouds which are part of or which are rotating with the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/50—Bearings
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    • F05B2240/511—Bearings magnetic with permanent magnets
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    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2260/00—Function
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    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
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Abstract

摩擦限制涡轮陀螺仪是一种将移动流体的能量转换成电能的紧凑且有效的机构。当流体通过其辐条时，陀螺仪的飞轮旋转，而沿周边设置的磁体作用在附近的可移动场线圈上以生成电力。飞轮的辐条针对流体的流动和密度进行优化，具有使用形状记忆合金转变以及绕着它们的压力中心旋转的能力，从而允许飞轮在所有条件下从流过它们的表面的流体捕获更多的能量。由于陀螺仪产生的固有稳定效应，机械能损失减少。由于稳定性，磁轴承场有效地支撑陀螺仪，消除了旋转中的机械干扰。

Description

摩擦限制涡轮发电机陀螺仪的方法和装置
优先权申明
本申请要求2020年2月28日提交的申请号为62/983,547的美国临时专利申请的优先权，其内容通过引用整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于推进竖直起降(VTOL)或超短距起降(VSTOL)飞行器的电力推进系统的领域。更具体地，本发明包括一种摩擦限制涡轮陀螺仪，其是将运动流体的能量转换为电能以用于为VTOL/VSTOL飞行器提供动力的紧凑且有效的机构。
背景技术
涡轮发电机通过从场线圈释放电子而将流动气体或液体的动能转换成电能。典型地，在风力涡轮机的示例中，作用在螺旋桨叶片上的风会转动使马达旋转的齿轮箱。虽然有效，但是目前使用的配置往往会通过齿轮箱和轴承组件损失能量。此外，涡轮机中的任何不稳定性都可能导致其部件的过度磨损，并且在极端条件下，涡轮机必须在适当的位置被阻尼或冻结以保护其免受损坏。为了捕获能量，发电机往往是大且复杂的。
因此，需要一种紧凑、自稳定和有效的涡轮陀螺仪设计，其将来自推进流体流的更高百分比的能量转换成电能，而不是目前设计所能提供的。这是通过限制机械损失和使用更有效的辐条/叶片飞轮/转子来实现的。因为本发明是一种新颖的陀螺仪设计，所以由陀螺仪产生的固有稳定效应减小了施加在本发明及其支撑件/轴承上的应力，从而允许磁性类型的滚柱轴承的可行性。通过允许辐条/叶片的横截面变形以膨胀或收缩的方法实现了更有效和最佳的辐条/叶片设计。辐条/叶片还具有绕其压力中心旋转的能力，从而允许飞轮在所有条件下从流经其表面的流体捕获更多的能量。本发明比目前设计更紧凑，并且可以更容易地放置在城市位置中或靠近城市的位置。作为一个示例，本发明可以放置在高层建筑物的顶部。
发明内容
一种摩擦限制涡轮陀螺仪，由水平定向的陀螺仪飞轮组装而成，该飞轮集成了空气动力学形状的辐条，当气体/流体流过辐条时，辐条使陀螺仪旋转。辐条包含内翼梁，该内翼梁可以通过使用包含形状记忆合金的柔性复合材料而膨胀或收缩，该形状记忆合金在电流被引入时改变其形状。在可替代的实施例中，可以通过引入压缩气体或通过机电伺服机构使内翼梁膨胀。叶片具有柔性蒙皮，该柔性蒙皮能够随着翼梁高度的变化而膨胀或收缩，并且集成形状记忆合金以产生所需的表面形状。叶片的形状将针对进入的推进流体的速度和密度的变化进行调节。此外，辐条/叶片可通过伺服机构的致动而绕其压力中心旋转。中央计算机监测流体变化，以进行必要的变化以捕获尽可能多的能量。
为了将飞轮的旋转转换成电能，永磁体沿其周边与位于附近的场线圈集成以将飞轮的转动转换成电能。永磁体的质量还用于放大飞轮的角动量，从而产生更强的陀螺惯性。为了涡轮发电机陀螺仪的最佳调谐，可以改变场线圈与飞轮的永磁体之间的距离，以优化不同环境条件下的能量生成，例如，在低风速下更远或在高风速下更近。由于陀螺稳定效应，本发明可以容易地由磁性轴承场支撑，消除了由于摩擦引起的机械应力和能量损失。在极低能量情况下(例如，缓慢移动的风)，可用相位电力激励一部分场线圈，以将一部分发电机变成马达。通过激励少量的场线圈，惯性可以被保存并且产生净正能量输出。
附图说明
下面参考附图详细描述本发明的优选和可替代示例。
图1示出本发明实施例的摩擦限制涡轮发电机陀螺仪的正视图。
图2示出本发明实施例的摩擦限制涡轮发电机陀螺仪的侧横截面视图。
图3示出了本发明实施例的具有收缩翼梁的小横截面的飞轮叶片的横截面。
图4示出了本发明实施例的具有膨胀翼梁的大横截面的飞轮叶片的横截面。
图5示出了本发明实施例的一个可替代实施例的两部分飞轮的透视图。
具体实施方式
本文所用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例，而不是要限制本发明。如本文所使用的，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关联的所列项目的任何和所有组合。如本文所用，单数形式一个(a/an)和这些(the)旨在包括复数形式以及单数形式，除非上下文另有明确指示。将进一步理解的是，术语包括(“comprises”和/或“comprising”)在本说明书中使用时，指定所陈述的特征、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在，但不排除添加一个或多个其它特征、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其组合。
除非另有定义，否则本文所用的所有术语，包括技术术语和科学术语，具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同的含义。将进一步理解的是，术语，诸如在常用词典中定义的这些术语，应当被解释为具有与它们在相关领域和本公开的一个上下文中的含义一致的含义，并且不会被解释为理想化或过于正式的含义，除非在本文中明确如此定义。
在描述本发明时，应当理解，公开了几种技术和步骤。这些中的每一种都具有各自的优点，并且每种都可以与一种或多种(或在某些情况下全部)其它公开的技术结合使用。因此，为了清楚起见，本描述将避免以不必要的方式重复各个步骤的每个可能的组合。然而，应当理解，说明书和权利要求书应被理解为这种组合完全在本发明和权利要求书的范围内。
本文讨论了新的摩擦限制涡轮发电机陀螺仪的方法和装置。在以下描述中，为了解释的目的，阐述了许多具体细节以便提供对本发明的透彻理解。然而，对于本领域技术人员来说，显然可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实施本发明。
本公开应被认为是本发明的示例，而不是要将本发明限制于由附图或以下描述所示的具体实施例中。
现在将通过参考表示优选和可替代实施例的附图来描述本发明。图1描绘了根据本发明的各种实施例的可以包括新的摩擦限制涡轮发电机陀螺仪的设备(“设备”)的元件的正视图。如参考图1和2所示，在优选实施例中，总的组件的前横截面和侧横截面包含配置有至少一个中央陀螺仪飞轮的设备的每个元件，该中央陀螺仪飞轮由具有中央轮毂12的周边环14组成并且由轴和多个可旋转辐条16A支撑，辐条16A可以由轻质复合材料、铝或其它合适的材料制成。周边环14被配置成沿飞轮的外周边接收多个永磁体20。磁体可以用或不用附加机构粘在适当位置，以便在飞轮旋转时将磁体保持在适当位置，图中未描绘。
在某些实施例中，多个竖直突起将多个磁体分开，以均等地分割陀螺仪的周边的表面区域。磁体将飞轮转动到涡轮发电机陀螺仪的电枢中。磁体由外部定子作用以产生电力，该外部定子包含由多个场线圈24缠绕的多个定子指状物22。场线圈分别连接到多个电压调节器，以允许它们彼此独立地操作。在低能量情况下，例如低风速，可以将相位能量发送到选择数量的场线圈，以保持惯性，从而产生净正能量生成。指状物和场线圈优选地通过控制臂28以这样的方式连接到伺服机构26，使得它们与飞轮环上的磁体的距离可以基于通过辐条的能量的量而增大或减小。如果流动强，定子指状物移动得更近；如果流动较弱，则定子指状物进一步向外移动以减轻陀螺仪的飞轮磁体上的阻力。
中央轮毂12被配置成接收具有端点10A、10B的中央轴10，端点10A、10B限制本发明的不希望的水平运动，因为端点接触周围的支撑结构(未示出)。轴由位于轴上的多个永磁体18A产生的磁场支撑，其中多个相对永磁体位于本发明的支撑结构18B中。轴的磁体上的磁场与支撑结构磁体中的磁场相反，从而使本发明在磁场中浮动。轴的端部用于限制由陀螺仪引起的水平运动和进动，从而允许本发明以非常小的摩擦旋转。飞轮产生陀螺惯性，其限制施加在磁性轴承上的应变，以增加其保持本发明居中和平衡的有效性。
如参考图1-3所示，辐条/叶片16由包含形状记忆合金的复合材料制成，当电流作用于该形状记忆合金时，该形状记忆合金可以改变其形状。如参考图3-4所示，中央翼梁34A和34B也由包含形状记忆合金的复合材料制成，该形状记忆合金允许翼梁从薄横截面34A到厚横截面34B改变其形状，以利用经过辐条/叶片的流体的可变速度和密度。蒙皮的形状记忆合金与翼梁一起工作以保持所需的翼型。计算机监测设备持续监测进入的流体并调节辐条/叶片以从移动的流体中提取尽可能多的能量。如参考图2所述，叶片在其两端围绕支撑轴可枢转地承载，轴承14B接收外支撑轴，位于轮毂中的附加轴承(未示出)支撑内轴。
有时，当流经飞轮辐条/叶片的流体仅有轻微运动时，可将定相电流发送到多个定子指状物和场线圈，其可用于推进飞轮以帮助保持惯性。仅使用保持飞轮旋转所需的最少数量的线圈。如果在推进气体中没有运动来旋转飞轮，则不会激励场线圈。
如参考图5所述，在可替代实施例中，作为一个示例但不限于海洋潮汐，如果用在沿两个方向运动的流体中，则外飞轮部分42和内飞轮部分44以不同的速度或相反的旋转彼此独立地运动。两个飞轮部分由具有缠绕在场线圈48、50中的指状物的定子部分40分开。中央轮毂包含磁性轴承系统以支撑该设备。
在一个可替代的实施例中，用在该设备中的磁性轴承系统被更常规的钢或陶瓷滚柱轴承代替(未示出)。
在一个可替代的实施例中，陀螺仪没有轮毂，并且由围绕其周边的轴承系统支撑(未示出)。
在一个可替代的实施例中，飞轮辐条/叶片具有固定的横截面，并且由碳纤维、铝或任何合适的材料构成。
在一个可替代的实施例中，陀螺仪外环可以由分段的磁性材料组成。
在一个可替代的实施例中，叶片在其一端围绕支撑轴可枢转地承载。飞轮的辐条/叶片由永磁体构成或充满永磁体。如果需要，可以移除外环。
虽然已经说明和描述了本发明的优选实施例，但如上所述，在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以进行许多改变。因此，本发明的范围不受优选实施例的公开内容的限制。

Claims (4)

1.一种产生电能的涡轮陀螺仪，包括：
多个叶片，所述多个叶片安装在中央可旋转轮毂上，其中每个叶片的形状能够配置成在移动流体穿过所述叶片时从所述移动流体提取能量；
周边环，所述周边环围绕所述多个叶片的尖端并且被配置成与所述轮毂和所述叶片一起旋转；
多个永磁体，所述多个永磁体集成到所述周边环；
外壳，所述外壳围绕周边环和集成磁体，所述外壳包括在不可旋转的轮毂上的多个场线圈；以及
计算机设备，所述计算机设备被配置成监测和调节所述多个叶片的形状以使所提取的能量最大化。
2.如权利要求1所述的陀螺仪，其中每个叶片具有前缘和后缘，用于限定接收风的表面。
3.如权利要求1所述的陀螺仪，还包括覆盖所述轮毂的鼻锥，所述鼻锥被配置成将接近所述陀螺仪的气团传递到围绕所述轮毂引导并且进入所述多个叶片中。
4.如权利要求1所述的陀螺仪，其中集成在磁环中的磁体稳定所述陀螺仪。
CN202180017599.8A 2020-02-28 2021-02-28 摩擦限制涡轮发电机陀螺仪的方法和装置 Pending CN115210463A (zh)

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