CN115207629A - Amplitude-phase calibration method of 5G large-scale array antenna - Google Patents
Amplitude-phase calibration method of 5G large-scale array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
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Abstract
The invention discloses an amplitude and phase calibration method of a 5G large-scale array antenna, which comprises the following steps: introducing a parallel microstrip coupling line on the aperture surface of the 5G large-scale array antenna, and selecting a reference radiation unit and a radiation unit to be tested; the method comprises the steps that a reference radiation unit is excited independently, other transmitting channels are set to be not excited or in the maximum attenuation state, and the power amplitude and the phase sum of signals received by two ports of a microstrip coupling line are measured and recorded; exciting the radiation units to be tested one by one, setting other transmitting channels to be not excited or in a maximum attenuation state, and measuring and recording the power amplitude and the phase sum of signals received by two ports of the microstrip coupling line; repeating the process until all the preset reference radiation units and the radiation units to be tested are traversed; and adjusting the amplitude and phase of all the radiating units to be consistent, and finishing the amplitude and phase calibration of the 5G large-scale array antenna. The invention simplifies the test operation, improves the test efficiency, and has simple calibration system composition and easy engineering realization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of amplitude-phase calibration, in particular to an amplitude-phase calibration method of a 5G large-scale array antenna.
Background
This section is intended to provide a background or context to the embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
In 5G communication, one of the key technologies of massive MIMO is beamforming technology of massive array antennas. The beam forming technology changes the shape of an array directional diagram by controlling the feeding amplitude and phase (hereinafter referred to as amplitude and phase) of each array element (channel) in the 5G large-scale array antenna, and can realize the scanning of the beam pointing angle by continuously adjusting the amplitude and phase of the array elements (channels). In general, the shape of the radiation beam can be changed by adjusting the signal amplitude of the array elements (channels), and the direction of the radiation beam can be changed by adjusting the phase of the array elements (channels), so that beam scanning is realized. To achieve accurate beam steering and scanning, the relative amplitude and phase differences between the channels of the array need to be known.
In the actual processing and manufacturing process of the large-scale array antenna, due to the influence of factors such as asymmetric structure caused by processing precision, inconsistency of wiring among channels of a device and a PCB, fluctuation of antenna array elements (channels) and mutual coupling among the antenna array elements (channels), the amplitude and phase value of each channel of the large-scale array antenna can have larger difference with a set value, so that the performance of the array deviates from an expected optimal working state, and further the communication quality is seriously influenced. Therefore, the amplitude-phase calibration between the channels of the array antenna to eliminate the relative amplitude-phase error between the channels is particularly critical for 5G large-scale array antennas.
At present, the methods for calibrating the amplitude and phase of an array antenna in the industry mainly include the following steps:
1. near field measurement: and adopting a plane near-field scanning mode, and sampling the amplitude-phase characteristics of the radiation aperture surface field of each array element one by one through a near-field probe close to the array surface. The method has high measurement precision, is suitable for array antenna calibration of various systems, and is widely applied. However, there are coupling problems between the array antenna radiating elements and the near field measurement probe. Meanwhile, with the continuous increase of the working frequency of the array antenna, the requirements on the synchronism of a measuring instrument and the movement precision of a measuring scanning frame are extremely high, the scanning time is long, the data volume is large, and the measuring efficiency is low;
2. the method can calculate the relative amplitude and phase value of each radiation unit to be measured without using a vector measuring instrument as long as a sine curve of the vector-added composite signal power of the radiation unit to be measured and the reference radiation unit, which changes along with the phase of the radiation unit to be measured, is measured one by one. The method solves the problem of high-precision amplitude-phase calibration of large-scale array antennas to a certain extent, and has the defects of large test data volume, complex data processing process and low test efficiency. In practical application, if the array scale is large, the required amplitude and phase calibration time is extremely long;
3. the mutual calibration method is based on the basic principle that the coupling coefficients of adjacent array elements in an array of a 5G large-scale array antenna are the same, the transmitting and receiving test is carried out on the adjacent array elements in the array, the amplitude-phase information of each active channel is calculated according to the measured coupling coefficients, and then the amplitude-phase calibration is carried out according to ideal amplitude-phase distribution. The mutual calibration method does not need an external field measuring device, the test process is simple, but the mutual calibration method is only suitable for the phased array antenna of the transmitting-receiving common-interface surface, and the isolation between the radiation array elements cannot be too large. In addition, the method has the disadvantages of long measuring time, complex testing and data processing processes and low testing efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a 5G large-scale array antenna amplitude and phase calibration method, which comprises the following steps:
introducing a parallel microstrip coupling line on the aperture surface of the 5G large-scale array antenna, and selecting a reference radiation unit and a radiation unit to be detected in the 5G large-scale array antenna;
the method comprises the steps that a reference radiation unit is excited independently, other transmitting channels are set to be not excited or in the maximum attenuation state, and the power amplitude and the phase sum of signals received by two ports of a microstrip coupling line are measured and recorded; the power amplitude sum is used as an amplitude characterization index of a corresponding transmitting channel, and the phase sum is used as a phase characterization index of the corresponding transmitting channel;
exciting the radiation units to be tested one by one, setting other transmitting channels to be not excited or in a maximum attenuation state, and measuring and recording the power amplitude and the phase sum of signals received by two ports of the microstrip coupling line;
repeating the excitation of the reference radiation unit and the radiation unit to be tested until all the preset reference radiation units and the radiation unit to be tested are traversed;
and adjusting the amplitude and phase of all the radiating units to be consistent, and finishing the amplitude and phase calibration of the 5G large-scale array antenna.
Compared with the antenna amplitude-phase calibration method of the existing array, the method has the advantages of less required measurement data, simple data processing process, simple calibration system composition, easy engineering realization and lower cost. The amplitude and phase calibration efficiency can be greatly improved on the basis of ensuring the test consistency and accuracy.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor implements the amplitude and phase calibration method for the 5G large-scale array antenna when executing the computer program.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the amplitude and phase calibration method of the 5G large-scale array antenna.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer program product, where the computer program product includes a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the amplitude and phase calibration method for a 5G large-scale array antenna is implemented.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of an amplitude and phase calibration method for a 5G large-scale array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a testing apparatus (5G large-scale array antenna and microstrip coupling line) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of another embodiment of the testing apparatus (5G large-scale array antenna and microstrip coupling line) according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the power amplitude and curve of signals received by two ports of a microstrip coupling line measured when different array elements (channels) of the large-scale array antenna are excited respectively in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of phases and curves of signals received by two ports of a microstrip coupling line measured when a large-scale array antenna is excited by different array elements (channels) respectively in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
In the description of the present specification, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are used in an open-ended fashion, i.e., to mean including, but not limited to. Reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "a particular embodiment," "some embodiments," "for example," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. The sequence of steps involved in the embodiments is for illustrative purposes to illustrate the implementation of the present application, and the sequence of steps is not limited and can be adjusted as needed.
Based on the defects of the existing large-scale array antenna amplitude-phase calibration method, the invention provides an amplitude-phase calibration method of a 5G large-scale array antenna, which comprises the following steps of:
s1: introducing a parallel microstrip coupling line on the aperture surface of the 5G large-scale array antenna, and selecting a reference radiation unit and a radiation unit to be detected in the 5G large-scale array antenna;
s2: the method comprises the steps that a reference radiation unit is excited independently, other transmitting channels are set to be not excited or in the maximum attenuation state, and the power amplitude and the phase sum of signals received by two ports of a microstrip coupling line are measured and recorded; the power amplitude sum is used as an amplitude characterization index of a corresponding transmitting channel, and the phase sum is used as a phase characterization index of the corresponding transmitting channel;
s3: exciting the radiation units to be tested one by one, setting other transmitting channels to be not excited or in a maximum attenuation state, and measuring and recording the power amplitude and the phase sum of signals received by two ports of the microstrip coupling line;
s4: repeating the excitation of the reference radiation unit and the radiation unit to be tested until all the preset reference radiation units and all the radiation units to be tested are traversed;
s5: and adjusting the amplitude and phase of all the radiating units to be consistent, and finishing the amplitude and phase calibration of the 5G large-scale array antenna.
Specifically, a parallel microstrip coupling line is introduced to the aperture surface of the 5G large-scale array antenna to replace a traditional near-field sampling probe or a measurement antenna, and the microstrip coupling line is used for extracting the aperture surface amplitude-phase characteristics of the radiation unit to be detected and the reference radiation unit.
Specifically, a 5G large-scale array antenna (i.e., a digital phased array) has tens of transmit channels (one for each antenna element in the array). For the current test channel, the channel transmits at maximum power, while all channels except this channel are either not excited or in a state of maximum attenuation.
Specifically, fig. 4 shows the power amplitude and the curve of the received signal at two ports of the microstrip coupling line, which are measured when different array elements (channels) are excited respectively by the large-scale array antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a phase and a curve of signals received by two ports of the microstrip coupled line, which are measured when different array elements (channels) of the large-scale array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention are excited respectively.
Specifically, the microstrip coupling line includes a straight microstrip coupling line (as shown in fig. 2), a meanderline microstrip coupling line (as shown in fig. 3) or a microstrip coupling line with T-shaped branches.
Specifically, the microstrip coupling line and the aperture surface of the 5G large-scale array antenna are integrated on the same layer of PCB circuit board.
Specifically, the microstrip coupling line is mounted on the outer surface of the 5G large-scale array antenna housing during calibration and is parallel to the aperture surface of the 5G large-scale array antenna.
Specifically, when the microstrip coupling line is installed on the outer surface of a 5G large-scale array antenna housing, for a phase test result, least square fitting is used to eliminate phase errors caused by non-alignment (parallel).
Specifically, the reference radiation unit is all radiation units (antenna array elements) except the radiation unit to be detected in the 5G large-scale array antenna, and the radiation unit in the center of the 5G large-scale array antenna is used as the reference radiation unit.
The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can be run on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the amplitude-phase calibration method of the 5G large-scale array antenna.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the amplitude and phase calibration method of the 5G large-scale array antenna.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer program product, where the computer program product includes a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for calibrating the amplitude and the phase of the 5G large-scale array antenna is implemented.
Compared with the existing array antenna amplitude-phase calibration method, the method has the advantages of less required measurement data, simple data processing process, simple calibration system composition, easy engineering realization and lower cost. On the basis of guaranteeing test consistency and accuracy, amplitude and phase calibration efficiency can be greatly improved.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for calibrating amplitude and phase of a 5G large-scale array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
introducing a parallel microstrip coupling line on the aperture surface of the 5G large-scale array antenna, and selecting a reference radiation unit and a radiation unit to be detected in the 5G large-scale array antenna;
the method comprises the steps that a reference radiation unit is excited independently, other transmitting channels are set to be not excited or in the maximum attenuation state, and the power amplitude and the phase sum of signals received by two ports of a microstrip coupling line are measured and recorded; the power amplitude sum is used as an amplitude characterization index of a corresponding transmitting channel, and the phase sum is used as a phase characterization index of the corresponding transmitting channel;
exciting the radiation units to be tested one by one, setting other transmitting channels to be not excited or in a maximum attenuation state, and measuring and recording the power amplitude and the phase sum of signals received by two ports of the microstrip coupling line;
repeating the excitation of the reference radiation unit and the radiation unit to be tested until all the preset reference radiation units and the radiation unit to be tested are traversed;
and adjusting the amplitude and phase of all the radiating units to be consistent, and completing the amplitude and phase calibration of the 5G large-scale array antenna.
2. The amplitude and phase calibration method for the 5G large-scale array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microstrip coupling line comprises a straight microstrip coupling line, a meanderline microstrip coupling line or a microstrip coupling line with T-shaped branches.
3. The amplitude and phase calibration method of the 5G large-scale array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microstrip coupling line and the aperture surface of the 5G large-scale array antenna are integrated on the same layer of PCB circuit board.
4. The amplitude and phase calibration method of the 5G large-scale array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the microstrip coupling line is mounted on the outer surface of the 5G large-scale array antenna housing during calibration and is parallel to the aperture surface of the 5G large-scale array antenna.
5. The amplitude-phase calibration method for the 5G large-scale array antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein when the microstrip coupled line is installed on the outer surface of the 5G large-scale array antenna cover, for the phase test result, least square fitting is used to eliminate the phase error introduced by the misalignment.
6. The amplitude and phase calibration method for the 5G large-scale array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the reference radiation units are all radiation units except the radiation unit to be tested in the 5G large-scale array antenna, and the radiation unit in the center of the 5G large-scale array antenna is used as the reference radiation unit.
7. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the computer program implements the amplitude and phase calibration method of a 5G large scale array antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the amplitude and phase calibration method for a 5G large-scale array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. A computer program product, characterized in that the computer program product comprises a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, implements a method for amplitude-phase calibration of a 5G large-scale array antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| US20180115064A1 (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2018-04-26 | C-Com Satellite Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for phased antenna array calibration |
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| WO2022095510A1 (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-05-12 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Calibration method and device for array antenna, and storage medium |
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| US20180115064A1 (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2018-04-26 | C-Com Satellite Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for phased antenna array calibration |
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