CN115207395B - Evaluation method for intercooler of fuel cell system - Google Patents
Evaluation method for intercooler of fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115207395B CN115207395B CN202210863555.3A CN202210863555A CN115207395B CN 115207395 B CN115207395 B CN 115207395B CN 202210863555 A CN202210863555 A CN 202210863555A CN 115207395 B CN115207395 B CN 115207395B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010206 sensitivity analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 101150096839 Fcmr gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013499 data model Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04305—Modeling, demonstration models of fuel cells, e.g. for training purposes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses an evaluation method of an intercooler of a fuel cell system, which comprises the following steps of S1, building a mathematical model of an intercooler heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler based on the technical parameters of the intercooler and the physical parameters of an internal medium; s2, calculating the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler according to the mathematical model, and further evaluating the performance of the intercooler; s3, selecting the intercooler, selecting the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler as a ration, and carrying out sensitivity analysis on each intercooler operation parameter variable. The method is based on the heat exchange model for the first time, an intercooler heat exchange coefficient mathematical model is built for the intercooler, performance evaluation is further carried out on the intercooler, a theoretical basis is provided for fuel cell design, simulation data are compared with actual data, errors are small, and the data model can be applied to fuel cell system design; and the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler is selected as a quantification, sensitivity data analysis is carried out on each parameter variable of the intercooler, and the sensitivity parameters of the intercooler can be considered when a fuel cell system is designed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to an evaluation method of an intercooler of a fuel cell system.
Background
The intercooler of the fuel cell system is used as an important part of an air path, and the air at the outlet of the air compressor is cooled. The research on the intercooler in the prior art mainly focuses on application level, such as integrating the intercooler with a humidifier. Although the intercooler has a simple structure and mainly cools air at the outlet of the air compressor, the requirements for parts are higher and higher along with the development of the fuel cell, and the parts are evaluated according to the principle to guide the type selection and design development of the fuel cell system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an evaluation method of an intercooler of a fuel cell system, which is based on the characteristics of the intercooler, builds a mathematical model of the intercooler, performs experimental verification, extracts key physical property parameters, performs performance evaluation on different intercoolers through intercooler heat exchange coefficient parameters to provide guidance for type selection of the fuel cell system, selects the intercooler based on the intercooler heat exchange coefficient mathematical model, selects the intercooler heat exchange coefficient as a fixed quantity, performs sensitive data analysis on each parameter variable of the intercooler, and considers sensitive parameters when designing the fuel cell system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for evaluating an intercooler of a fuel cell system comprises the following steps:
s1, building a mathematical model of an intercooler heat exchange coefficient on the intercooler based on the technical parameters of the intercooler and the physical parameters of an internal medium;
s2, calculating the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler according to the mathematical model, and further evaluating the performance of the intercooler;
s3, selecting an intercooler, selecting the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler as a ration, and carrying out sensitivity analysis on each intercooler operation parameter variable.
Preferably, in step S1, the technical parameter of the intercooler includes the inlet temperature t of the cooling water in Outlet temperature t of cooling water out Mass flow m of cooling water c Air side inlet temperature T in Air side outlet temperature T out Air mass flow m h (ii) a The physical property parameter of the internal medium includes heat capacity C of cooling water p，c Specific heat capacity of air C p，h 。
Preferably, the specific process in step S2 is:
calculating the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler according to the following formula (1):
wherein the following formula (2) is obtained according to the cold-heat balance principle:
Q h ＝Q c ＝Q ic ＝Q (2)
in the formula, Q h Is the heat of the hot air, Q c For cooling the heat of the water, Q ic The temperature of the heat transfer heat of an intercooler material is delta tm, the logarithmic mean temperature of four temperatures of a hot air inlet and a hot air outlet and a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet is obtained, K is the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler, and A is the sectional area.
Preferably, the logarithmic mean temperature is in the infinitesimal plane:
dΔt m ＝dT h -dt c
dQ＝KdAΔt m
order to
So that:
both sides of the equation integrate simultaneously:
Δt x ＝Δt′exp(-ξKA x )
it can be seen that the temperature difference varies exponentially with the heat exchange surface, then the average temperature difference along the entire plane:
wherein,
in the formula, T h The air temperature of the air-side heat flow, and tc is the cooling water temperature of the coolant side.
As a preferred option of the above scheme, in step S3, an intercooler is selected, an intercooler heat exchange coefficient is taken as a fixed value, and intercooler operation parameter values under different currents are collected, including: the air inlet temperature, the air inlet flow, the cooling water inlet temperature and the cooling water inlet flow are analyzed through a cross plot method, and influence relations among all parameters are analyzed.
Due to the structure, the invention has the advantages that:
the method is based on the heat exchange model for the first time, an intercooler heat exchange coefficient mathematical model is built for the intercooler, and the intercooler heat exchange coefficient which is the most important performance parameter of the intercooler is evaluated based on the existing data. The method provides a theoretical basis for the design of the fuel cell, and simultaneously compares the simulation data with the actual data, so that the error is small, and the data model can be applied to the design of a fuel cell system;
the method is based on an intercooler heat exchange coefficient mathematical model, an intercooler is selected, the intercooler heat exchange coefficient is selected as a quantification, sensitive data analysis is carried out on each parameter variable of the intercooler heat exchange coefficient mathematical model, the water inlet temperature is found to be a main factor influencing the air outlet temperature, and meanwhile, the water flow influence is small, so that the fuel cell system can be considered during design.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the intercooler operation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the heat exchange coefficient of an intercooler of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of simulated data versus actual data for the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of water and gas temperature as a function of intercooler heat transfer coefficient in accordance with the present invention;
FIGS. 6 to 9 are graphs of sensitivity analysis of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is clearly and completely described in the following with the accompanying drawings of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for evaluating an intercooler of a fuel cell system, including the following steps:
s1, building a mathematical model of an intercooler heat exchange coefficient on the intercooler based on the technical parameters of the intercooler and the physical parameters of an internal medium;
s2, calculating the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler according to the mathematical model, and further evaluating the performance of the intercooler;
s3, selecting the intercooler, selecting the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler as a ration, and carrying out sensitivity analysis on each intercooler operation parameter variable.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the technical parameter of the intercooler in step S1 includes the inlet temperature t of the cooling water in Outlet temperature t of cooling water out Cooling water mass flow m c Air side inlet temperature T in Air side outlet temperature T out Air mass flow m h (ii) a The physical property parameter of the internal medium includes the heat capacity C of the cooling water p,c Specific heat capacity of air C p,h 。
In this embodiment, the specific process in step S2 is:
calculating the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler according to the following formula (1):
wherein the following formula (2) is obtained according to the cold-heat balance principle:
Q h ＝Q c ＝Q ic ＝Q (2)
in the formula, Q h Is the heat of hot air, Q c For cooling the heat of water, Q ic The delta tm is the logarithmic mean temperature of four temperatures of a hot air inlet and a hot air outlet and a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet, K is the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler, and A is the sectional area.
The derivation process is as follows: assuming that the intercooler has no heat dissipation loss, the specific heat capacity of air and water does not change along with the temperature, and the heat conduction quantity of the heat exchange surface along the flow direction is ignored, the logarithmic mean temperature is in the infinitesimal heat exchange surface:
dΔt m ＝dT h -dt c
dQ＝KdAΔt m
order to
So that:
the equation integrates on both sides simultaneously:
Δt x ＝Δt′exp(-ξKA x )
it can be seen that the temperature difference varies exponentially with the heat exchange surface, then the average temperature difference along the entire plane:
wherein,
in the formula, T h The air temperature of the air-side heat flow, and tc is the cooling water temperature of the coolant side.
The actual data are used for illustration, and the intercooling parameters are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 Intercooler inlet and outlet parameter table
| Water entry temperature (. Degree.C.) | 38 |
| Water inflow (kg/s) | 0.151833 |
| Air-entering temperature (. Degree. C.) | 151.87 |
| Air inflow (kg/s) | 0.05 |
| Water outlet temperature (. Degree. C.) | 48.25 |
| Temperature at void (. Degree.C.) | 39.02 |
| Heat exchange quantity (kW) | 5.74 |
Substituting the above formula (1) to obtain the intercooling temperature difference:
thus, the heat exchange coefficient is obtained:
an intercooler with a heat exchange coefficient of 258.6W/DEG C is selected, multiple experiments are carried out based on a mathematical model, the air outlet temperature and the water outlet temperature are simulated, the air outlet temperature and the water outlet temperature are compared with time data, and the accuracy of an intercooler model is verified.
The parameters required for the experiment are shown in table 2 below, simulation data versus time data for example in figure 4.
TABLE 2 Intercooler simulation parameters and error table
As can be seen from the comparison of the simulated data and the actual data, the error is small, indicating that this data model can be applied to the design of the fuel cell system.
In this embodiment, in step S3, an intercooler is selected, an intercooler heat transfer coefficient is taken as a fixed value, and intercooler operation parameter values under different currents are collected, including: the air inlet temperature, the air inlet flow, the cooling water inlet temperature and the cooling water inlet flow are analyzed through a cross plot method, and influence relations among all parameters are analyzed.
The cold operating parameters in the 130kW engine system are shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 130kW Engine System Cold running parameters
As shown in FIG. 5, during system operation, the water flow and air flow are relatively small (kg/s). Meanwhile, when the KA is increased to a certain value, the temperature error of the water vapor basically tends to 0. Thus, an existing 130kW system can be analyzed with KA = 258.6W/deg.c.
Sensitivity data analysis was performed on each parameter variable in table 3 above by the cross-plot method, as shown in fig. 6 to 9, and the analysis revealed that: (1) the water inlet temperature is a key factor influencing the emptying and water outlet temperatures, and is particularly obvious under low electric density; (2) at the same rotating speed, the reduction of the air inlet flow rate can cause the increase of the air inlet temperature; (3) under medium and high electric density, the air metering ratio is a main factor influencing the emptying temperature and the water outlet temperature; (4) the intercooling temperature difference is exponentially changed along with the heat exchange area, and the influence of the flow and the pressure on the heat exchange coefficient needs to be further verified.
The water inlet temperature is a major factor affecting the leaving temperature, while the water flow rate has little effect, and therefore, the fuel cell system can be designed with this in mind.
This embodiment is based on the heat transfer model for the first time, has set up intercooler heat transfer coefficient mathematical model to the intercooler, evaluates the most important performance parameter intercooler heat transfer coefficient of intercooler based on current data. Providing a theoretical basis for the design of the fuel cell, and comparing simulation data with actual data at the same time, wherein the error is small, which indicates that the data model can be applied to the design of a fuel cell system;
this embodiment is based on intercooler heat transfer coefficient mathematical model, selects the intercooler, selects intercooler heat transfer coefficient for the ration, carries out the analysis of sensitive data to its each parameter variable, and it is the main factor that influences the vacate temperature to discover the temperature is gone into to water, and the influence of discharge is very little simultaneously, consequently, fuel cell system can consider it when the design.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. An evaluation method of an intercooler of a fuel cell system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, building a mathematical model of the intercooler based on technical parameters of the intercooler and physical parameters of an internal medium;
s2, calculating a heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler according to the mathematical model, and further evaluating the intercooler;
s3, sensitivity analysis is carried out on each intercooling operation parameter variable based on an intercooler mathematical model;
in step S1, the technical parameters of the intercooler include the inlet temperature t of the cooling water in Outlet temperature t of cooling water out Cooling water mass flow m c Air side inlet temperature T in Air side outlet temperature T out Air mass flow m h (ii) a The physical property parameter of the internal medium includes the heat capacity C of the cooling water p,c Specific heat capacity of air C p , h ；
The specific process in step S2 is:
calculating the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler according to the following formula (1):
wherein the following formula (2) is obtained according to the cold-heat balance principle:
Q h ＝Q c ＝Q ic ＝Q (2)
in the formula, Q h Is the heat of hot air, Q c For cooling the heat of water, Q ic The heat transfer quantity of the material of the intercooler is delta tm, the logarithmic mean temperature of four temperatures of a hot air inlet and a hot air outlet and a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet is obtained, K is the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler, and A is the sectional area;
log mean temperature in infinitesimal planes:
dΔt m ＝dT h -dt c
dQ＝KdAΔt m
order to
So that:
both sides of the equation integrate simultaneously:
Δt x ＝Δt′exp(-ξKA x )
it can be seen that the temperature difference exponentially changes with the heat exchange surface, then the average temperature difference along the entire plane:
wherein,
in the formula, T h Air temperature of air side heat flow, tc is cooling water temperature of cooling liquid side;
in step S3, an intercooler is selected, the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler is taken as a fixed value, and the intercooling operation parameter values under different currents are collected, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the air inlet temperature, the air inlet flow, the cooling water inlet temperature and the cooling water inlet flow are analyzed through a cross plot method, and influence relations among all parameters are analyzed.
2. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step S2, it is assumed that the intercooler has no heat dissipation loss, the specific heat capacity of air and water does not change with temperature, and the heat transfer of the heat exchange surface along the flow direction is neglected.
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| CN109766589B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-08-14 | 西安交通大学 | Performance evaluation method for tube-fin heat exchanger under non-uniform head-on wind speed |
| CN114117967B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2024-06-28 | 北京航空航天大学 | Dynamic rapid prediction method for internal combustion oil temperature of aircraft oil tank under flight envelope |
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| CN109815514A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2019-05-28 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | The method and system of radiator heat exchange property emulation |
| CN108649294A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-10-12 | 西南交通大学 | The joint simulation method of radiator and liquid cooling battery pack |
| CN109000949A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-14 | 广州能迪能源科技股份有限公司 | Water cooler appraisal procedure and power-economizing method based on water cooler thermodynamical model |
| EP3944125A1 (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-01-26 | Tsinghua University | Method and system for manufacturing a heat exchanger for supercritical pressure fluid |
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