CN115207395A - Evaluation method for intercooler of fuel cell system - Google Patents
Evaluation method for intercooler of fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115207395A CN115207395A CN202210863555.3A CN202210863555A CN115207395A CN 115207395 A CN115207395 A CN 115207395A CN 202210863555 A CN202210863555 A CN 202210863555A CN 115207395 A CN115207395 A CN 115207395A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04305—Modeling, demonstration models of fuel cells, e.g. for training purposes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses an evaluation method of an intercooler of a fuel cell system, which comprises the following steps of S1, building a mathematical model of an intercooler heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler based on the technical parameters of the intercooler and the physical parameters of an internal medium; s2, calculating the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler according to the mathematical model, and further evaluating the performance of the intercooler; s3, selecting the intercooler, selecting the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler as a ration, and carrying out sensitivity analysis on each intercooler operation parameter variable. The method is based on the heat exchange model for the first time, an intercooler heat exchange coefficient mathematical model is built for the intercooler, performance evaluation is further carried out on the intercooler, a theoretical basis is provided for fuel cell design, simulation data are compared with actual data, errors are small, and the data model can be applied to fuel cell system design; and the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler is selected as a quantification, sensitivity data analysis is carried out on each parameter variable of the intercooler, and the sensitivity parameters of the intercooler can be considered when a fuel cell system is designed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to an evaluation method of an intercooler of a fuel cell system.
Background
The intercooler of the fuel cell system is used as an important part of an air path, and the air at the outlet of the air compressor is cooled. The research on the intercooler in the prior art mainly focuses on application, such as integrating the intercooler with the humidifier. Although the intercooler has a simple structure and mainly cools air at the outlet of the air compressor, the requirements for parts are higher and higher along with the development of the fuel cell, and the parts are evaluated according to the principle to guide the type selection and design development of the fuel cell system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an evaluation method of an intercooler of a fuel cell system, which is based on the characteristics of the intercooler, builds a mathematical model of the intercooler, performs experimental verification, extracts key physical property parameters, performs performance evaluation on different intercoolers through intercooler heat exchange coefficient parameters to provide guidance for type selection of the fuel cell system, selects the intercooler based on the intercooler heat exchange coefficient mathematical model, selects the intercooler heat exchange coefficient as a fixed quantity, performs sensitive data analysis on each parameter variable of the intercooler, and considers sensitive parameters when designing the fuel cell system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for evaluating an intercooler of a fuel cell system comprises the following steps:
s1, building a mathematical model of an intercooler heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler based on technical parameters of the intercooler and physical parameters of an internal medium;
s2, calculating the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler according to the mathematical model, and further evaluating the performance of the intercooler;
s3, selecting the intercooler, selecting the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler as a ration, and carrying out sensitivity analysis on each intercooler operation parameter variable.
Preferably, in step S1, the technical parameters of the intercooler includeInlet temperature t of cooling water in Outlet temperature t of cooling water out Cooling water mass flow m c Air side inlet temperature T in Air side outlet temperature T out Air mass flow m h (ii) a The physical property parameter of the internal medium includes heat capacity C of cooling water p，c Specific heat capacity of air C p，h 。
Preferably, the specific process in step S2 is:
calculating the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler according to the following formula (1):
wherein the following formula (2) is obtained according to the cold-heat balance principle:
Q h ＝Q c ＝Q ic ＝Q (2)
in the formula, Q h Is the heat of the hot air, Q c For cooling the heat of water, Q ic The temperature of the heat transfer heat of an intercooler material is delta tm, the logarithmic mean temperature of four temperatures of a hot air inlet and a hot air outlet and a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet is obtained, K is the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler, and A is the sectional area.
Preferably, the logarithmic mean temperature is in the infinitesimal plane:
dΔt m ＝dT h -dt c
dQ＝KdAΔt m
order to
Therefore:
both sides of the equation integrate simultaneously:
Δt x ＝Δt′exp(-ξKA x )
it can be seen that the temperature difference varies exponentially with the heat exchange surface, then the average temperature difference along the entire plane:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the formula, T h The air temperature of the air-side heat flow, and tc is the cooling water temperature of the coolant side.
Preferably, in step S3, an intercooler is selected, an intercooler heat transfer coefficient is taken as a fixed value, and intercooler operation parameter values under different currents are collected, including: the air inlet temperature, the air inlet flow rate, the cooling water inlet temperature and the cooling water inlet flow rate are measured, and influence relations among all parameters are analyzed through a cross plot method.
Due to the structure, the invention has the advantages that:
the method is based on the heat exchange model for the first time, an intercooler heat exchange coefficient mathematical model is built for the intercooler, and the intercooler heat exchange coefficient which is the most important performance parameter of the intercooler is evaluated based on the existing data. Providing a theoretical basis for the design of the fuel cell, and comparing simulation data with actual data at the same time, wherein the error is small, which indicates that the data model can be applied to the design of a fuel cell system;
the method is based on an intercooler heat exchange coefficient mathematical model, an intercooler is selected, the intercooler heat exchange coefficient is selected as a quantification, sensitive data analysis is carried out on each parameter variable of the intercooler heat exchange coefficient mathematical model, the water inlet temperature is found to be a main factor influencing the air outlet temperature, and meanwhile, the water flow influence is small, so that the fuel cell system can be considered during design.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the intercooler operation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the heat exchange coefficient of an intercooler of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of simulated data versus actual data for the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of water and gas temperature as a function of intercooler heat transfer coefficient in accordance with the present invention;
FIGS. 6 to 9 are graphs of sensitivity analysis of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for evaluating an intercooler of a fuel cell system, including the following steps:
s1, building a mathematical model of an intercooler heat exchange coefficient on the intercooler based on the technical parameters of the intercooler and the physical parameters of an internal medium;
s2, calculating the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler according to the mathematical model, and further evaluating the performance of the intercooler;
s3, selecting the intercooler, selecting the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler as a ration, and carrying out sensitivity analysis on each intercooler operation parameter variable.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the technical parameter of the intercooler in step S1 includes the inlet temperature t of the cooling water in Outlet temperature t of cooling water out Mass flow m of cooling water c Air side inlet temperature T in Air side outlet temperature T out Air mass flow m h (ii) a The physical property parameter of the internal medium includes the heat capacity C of the cooling water p,c Specific heat capacity of air C p,h 。
In this embodiment, the specific process in step S2 is:
calculating the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler according to the following formula (1):
wherein the following formula (2) is obtained according to the cold-heat balance principle:
Q h ＝Q c ＝Q ic ＝Q (2)
in the formula, Q h Is the heat of hot air, Q c For cooling the heat of water, Q ic The temperature of the heat transfer heat of an intercooler material is delta tm, the logarithmic mean temperature of four temperatures of a hot air inlet and a hot air outlet and a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet is obtained, K is the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler, and A is the sectional area.
The derivation process is as follows: assuming that the intercooler has no heat dissipation loss, the specific heat capacity of air and water does not change along with the temperature, and the heat conduction quantity of the heat exchange surface in the flow direction is ignored, the logarithmic average temperature is in the infinitesimal heat exchange surface:
dΔt m ＝dT h -dt c
dQ＝KdAΔt m
order to
So that:
both sides of the equation integrate simultaneously:
Δt x ＝Δt′exp(-ξKA x )
it can be seen that the temperature difference varies exponentially with the heat exchange surface, then the average temperature difference along the entire plane:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
in the formula, T h The air temperature of the air-side heat flow, and tc the cooling water temperature of the coolant side.
The actual data are used for illustration, and the intercooling parameters are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 Intercooler Inlet and outlet parameter Table
| Water entry temperature (. Degree.C.) | 38 |
| Water inflow (kg/s) | 0.151833 |
| Air-entering temperature (. Degree. C.) | 151.87 |
| Air inflow (kg/s) | 0.05 |
| Water outlet temperature (. Degree. C.) | 48.25 |
| Discharge temperature (. Degree. C.) | 39.02 |
| Heat exchange capacity (kW) | 5.74 |
Substituting the above formula (1), the intercooling temperature difference can be obtained:
thus, the heat exchange coefficient is obtained:
an intercooler with a heat exchange coefficient of 258.6W/DEG C is selected, multiple experiments are carried out based on a mathematical model, the air outlet temperature and the water outlet temperature are simulated, comparison with time data is carried out, and the accuracy of an intercooler model is verified.
The parameters required for the experiment are shown in table 2 below, the simulated data versus time data as shown in figure 4.
TABLE 2 Intercooler simulation parameters and error table
As can be seen from the comparison of the simulated data to the actual data, the error is small, indicating that this data model can be applied in the fuel cell system design.
In this embodiment, in step S3, select the intercooler, and take intercooler heat transfer coefficient as a fixed value, collect intercooling operation parameter values under the different electric currents, include: the air inlet temperature, the air inlet flow, the cooling water inlet temperature and the cooling water inlet flow are analyzed through a cross plot method, and influence relations among all parameters are analyzed.
The cold operating parameters in the 130kW engine system are shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 130kW Engine System Cold running parameters
As shown in FIG. 5, during system operation, the water flow and air flow are relatively small (kg/s). Meanwhile, when the KA is increased to a certain value, the temperature error of the water vapor basically tends to 0. An existing 130kW system can therefore be analyzed with KA = 258.6W/deg.c.
Sensitivity data analysis is performed on each parameter variable in the above table 3 by a cross plot method, as shown in fig. 6 to 9, the analysis shows that: (1) the water inlet temperature is a key factor influencing the emptying temperature and the water outlet temperature, and is particularly obvious under the condition of low electricity density; (2) at the same rotating speed, the reduction of the air inlet flow rate can cause the increase of the air inlet temperature; (3) under medium and high electric density, the air metering ratio is a main factor influencing the emptying and water outlet temperature; (4) the intercooling temperature difference is exponentially changed along with the heat exchange area, and the influence of the flow and the pressure on the heat exchange coefficient needs to be further verified.
The water inlet temperature is a major factor affecting the air outlet temperature, while the water flow rate has little effect, and therefore, the fuel cell system can be designed with this in mind.
This embodiment is based on the heat transfer model for the first time, has built intercooler heat transfer coefficient mathematical model to the intercooler, evaluates the most important performance parameter intercooler heat transfer coefficient of intercooler based on current data. Providing a theoretical basis for the design of the fuel cell, and comparing simulation data with actual data at the same time, wherein the error is small, which indicates that the data model can be applied to the design of a fuel cell system;
the embodiment selects the intercooler based on the intercooler heat exchange coefficient mathematical model, selects the intercooler as a fixed quantity, carries out sensitivity data analysis on each parameter variable, finds that the water inlet temperature is the main factor influencing the air outlet temperature, and simultaneously has little influence on the water flow, so that the fuel cell system can be considered when being designed.
The present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment, and it is not intended to be limited to the embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for evaluating an intercooler of a fuel cell system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, building a mathematical model of an intercooler heat exchange coefficient on the intercooler based on the technical parameters of the intercooler and the physical parameters of an internal medium;
s2, calculating the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler according to the mathematical model, and further evaluating the performance of the intercooler;
s3, selecting the intercooler, selecting the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler as a ration, and carrying out sensitivity analysis on each intercooler operation parameter variable.
2. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the technical parameter of the intercooler in the fuel cell system comprises an inlet temperature t of cooling water in the step S1 in Outlet temperature t of cooling water out Mass flow m of cooling water c Air side inlet temperature T in Air side outlet temperature T out Air mass flow m h (ii) a The physical property parameter of the internal medium includes the heat capacity C of the cooling water p,c Specific heat capacity of air C p,h 。
3. The evaluation method for the intercooler of the fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the specific process in the step S2 is as follows:
calculating the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler according to the following formula (1):
wherein the following formula (2) is obtained according to the cold-heat balance principle:
Q h ＝Q c ＝Q ic ＝Q (2)
in the formula, Q h Is the heat of the hot air, Q c For cooling the heat of the water, Q ic The temperature of the heat transfer heat of an intercooler material is delta tm, the logarithmic mean temperature of four temperatures of a hot air inlet and a hot air outlet and a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet is obtained, K is the heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler, and A is the sectional area.
4. The evaluation method for an intercooler of a fuel cell system according to claim 3, wherein the log-average temperature is in a infinitesimal transform plane:
dΔt m ＝dT h -dt c
dQ＝KdAΔt m
order to
Therefore:
both sides of the equation integrate simultaneously:
Δt x ＝Δt′exp(-ξKA x )
it can be seen that the temperature difference varies exponentially with the heat exchange surface, then the average temperature difference along the entire plane:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the formula, T h The air temperature of the air-side heat flow, and tc the cooling water temperature of the coolant side.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, an intercooler is selected, a heat exchange coefficient of the intercooler is taken as a fixed value, and the intercooler operation parameter values at different currents are collected, the method includes: the air inlet temperature, the air inlet flow, the cooling water inlet temperature and the cooling water inlet flow are analyzed through a cross plot method, and influence relations among all parameters are analyzed.
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