CN115207159A

CN115207159A - Solar cell preparation method, solar cell and cell module

Info

Publication number: CN115207159A
Application number: CN202210796261.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 薛朝伟; 魏超锋; 李�杰; 孙士洋; 方亮; 魏俊喆; 曲铭浩; 徐希翔
Original assignee: Longi Green Energy Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Longi Green Energy Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-07-07
Filing date: 2022-07-07
Publication date: 2022-10-18
Also published as: CN116995132A

Abstract

The invention provides a solar cell preparation method, a solar cell and a cell module, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaics. The method comprises the following steps: forming a first conductive pattern or a first conductive film layer on the solar cell body; forming a second conductive pattern on the imprint template; aligning the second conductive pattern with the first conductive pattern and soldering the second conductive pattern with the first conductive pattern; or aligning the second conductive pattern with an area of the first conductive film layer where the electrode is to be formed, and welding the second conductive pattern with the area of the first conductive film layer where the electrode is to be formed; the imprint template is removed. The second conductive pattern is prepared on the imprinting template, so that the influence on the solar cell body can be reduced, the mass production is easy to realize, the process is simple and mature, and the preparation cost can be reduced.

Description

Solar cell preparation method, solar cell and cell module

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a solar cell, a preparation method of the solar cell and a cell module.

Background

Generally, there are three main requirements for electrodes of solar cells: high carrier collecting efficiency, low preparation cost and high reliability.

However, in the prior art, the electrode of the solar cell is prepared by the following three methods: firstly, screen printing, the screen printing technology is mature, but in the screen printing, the electrode material needs to use noble metal silver, which results in higher cost. And secondly, laser transfer printing, wherein after silver paste is formed on the light-transmitting film layer and dried, laser is used for irradiating a local area of the light-transmitting film layer, the irradiated part of the silver paste is separated from the light-transmitting film layer and falls on an area of the solar cell body where an electrode is to be formed, and the electrode is formed. In laser transfer printing, the light-transmitting film layer cannot be reused, and silver paste remains on the light-transmitting film layer, so that the cost of laser transfer printing is still high; meanwhile, the matching difficulty of the light-transmitting film layer and the laser process is high, for example, in the process of matching the light-transmitting film layer and the laser process, because silver pastes with different proportions have differences in solvent evaporation capacity, adhesive force between the paste and the carrier plate and the like, the parameters of the laser are required to be adjusted for the silver paste for multiple times, so that the silver paste and the laser power can be well matched, the laser transfer process is high in difficulty, and the production efficiency is low. Electroplating, for screen printing and laser transfer printing, electroplating has advantages in efficiency and cost, but electroplating is easy to cause process problems such as plating winding, so that yield and reliability are low, and mass production is not easy to realize.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a solar cell preparation method, a solar cell and a cell module, and aims to solve the problem that the preparation cost of an electrode of the solar cell is high.

In a first aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a solar cell is provided, including:

forming a first conductive pattern or a first conductive film layer on the solar cell body;

forming a second conductive pattern on the imprinting template;

aligning the second conductive pattern with the first conductive pattern and soldering the second conductive pattern with the first conductive pattern; or aligning the second conductive pattern with the area of the first conductive film layer where the electrode is to be formed, and welding the second conductive pattern with the area of the first conductive film layer where the electrode is to be formed;

removing the imprinting template;

the forming a first conductive film layer on the solar cell body, after the removing the imprint template, the method further includes: and removing the part of the first conductive film layer except the region where the electrode is to be formed to form a first conductive pattern.

In the invention, the second conductive pattern is prepared on the imprinting template instead of the solar cell body, and the preparation process of the second conductive pattern has little or no influence on the solar cell body. Meanwhile, welding has the characteristics of low bonding temperature and high bonding strength, and the low bonding temperature can enable the solar cell body to be subjected to smaller heat influence and has small influence on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. The high bonding strength can make the reliability of the electrodes of the solar cell good. Compared with screen printing, the second conductive pattern, the first conductive film layer or the first conductive pattern of the invention can be made of materials capable of being welded, and are not limited to silver paste, so that the cost can be properly reduced. Compared with laser transfer printing, the method and the device have the advantages that the second conductive pattern and the first conductive pattern are welded together, or the second conductive pattern and the area of the first conductive film layer where the electrode is to be formed are welded together, the welding process is mature, parameters of laser and the like do not need to be adjusted for many times, accordingly, the process difficulty is relatively low, and the production efficiency can be properly improved. Compared with electroplating, the second conductive pattern and the first conductive pattern are welded together, or the second conductive pattern and the area of the first conductive film layer where the electrode is to be formed are welded together, the process problems of electroplating and the like do not exist for the solar cell body, the yield and the reliability are good, and mass production is easy to realize.

Optionally, before welding, the method further includes: annealing the imprint template on which the second conductive pattern is formed so that the second conductive pattern is recrystallized.

Optionally, before welding, the method further includes: forming a flux pattern on the second conductive pattern, and/or forming a flux pattern on the first conductive pattern or an area of the first conductive film layer where an electrode is to be formed.

Optionally, before welding, the method further includes: forming a diffusion-controlling pattern on the first conductive pattern or an area of the first conductive film layer where an electrode is to be formed; and/or forming a control diffusion pattern on the second conductive pattern;

wherein the diffusion control pattern is used to control the thickness of an alloy formed in the welding of the material of the first conductive film layer or the material of the first conductive pattern with the material of the second conductive pattern.

Optionally, before forming the first conductive pattern or the first conductive film layer on the solar cell body, the method further includes:

forming a bonding pattern or a bonding film layer on the solar cell body; the bonding pattern or the bonding film layer is used for improving the bonding force between the first conductive pattern or the first conductive film layer and the solar cell body;

the forming of the first conductive pattern or the first conductive film layer on the solar cell body includes:

forming the first conductive pattern or the first conductive film layer on the bonding pattern or the bonding film layer;

the forming of the adhesive film layer on the solar cell body, after the removing of the imprint template, the method further includes: and removing the part of the bonding film layer except the region where the electrode is to be formed to form the bonding pattern. Optionally, the imprint template comprises a first groove; the forming a second conductive pattern on the imprint template includes: forming the second conductive pattern in the first groove of the imprinting template;

the second conductive patterns are flush with the surface of the side, provided with the first groove, of the imprinting template, or protrude from the surface of the side, provided with the first groove, of the imprinting template.

Optionally, the imprint template includes a substrate, the first groove is disposed on the substrate, and the imprint template further includes a first boss disposed on the substrate and located at an edge of the first groove; the forming of the second conductive pattern within the first recess of the imprint template includes:

forming the second conductive pattern in the first groove and in an area defined by the first boss;

the second conductive pattern is flush with the surface of the first boss far away from the substrate, or protrudes out of the surface of the first boss far away from the substrate.

Optionally, the area of the cross section of the first groove gradually decreases along the direction from the notch of the first groove to the groove bottom; wherein the cross section is perpendicular to a stacking direction of the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern.

Optionally, the imprint template comprises a substrate and second lands on the substrate;

the forming a second conductive pattern on the imprint template includes:

and forming a second conductive film layer on one side of the imprinting template on which the second boss is formed, wherein the second conductive pattern is a part of the second conductive film layer, which is located on the second boss.

Optionally, a surface of the second boss away from the substrate is a plane; or one side of the second boss, which is far away from the substrate, comprises a second groove, wherein the second conductive pattern is flush with a notch of the second groove, or protrudes out of the second groove.

Optionally, the imprint template includes a substrate, and the forming a second conductive pattern on the imprint template includes:

and laying a metal foil on the substrate, and patterning the metal foil to form the second conductive pattern.

Optionally, before forming the second conductive pattern on the imprint template, the method further comprises:

providing a plurality of metal foil patterns;

the imprinting template comprises a plurality of adsorption areas; the forming a second conductive pattern on the imprint template includes: and at least aligning one adsorption area with one metal foil pattern, and adsorbing the metal foil pattern on the adsorption area to form the second conductive pattern.

In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solar cell comprising:

a solar cell body;

and a first conductive pattern and a second conductive pattern which are stacked on the solar cell body;

wherein the second conductive pattern and the first conductive pattern are connected together by means of soldering.

Optionally, the first conductive pattern is close to the solar cell body relative to the second conductive pattern;

in a direction away from the solar cell body, the area of the cross section of the second conductive pattern or a partial region of the second conductive pattern away from the solar cell body is gradually reduced; wherein the cross section is perpendicular to a stacking direction of the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern.

Optionally, the shape of a longitudinal cross section of the second conductive pattern or a partial region of the second conductive pattern away from the solar cell body is a triangle, a trapezoid, or a graph formed by a segment of an arc and a line segment connecting two end points of the arc, where the length of the line segment is less than or equal to the diameter of a circle corresponding to the arc; wherein the longitudinal section is parallel to a lamination direction of the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern.

Optionally, the solar cell further includes: and the bonding pattern is arranged between the first conductive pattern and the solar cell body and is used for improving the bonding force between the first conductive pattern and the solar cell body.

Optionally, the solar cell further includes: a control diffusion pattern disposed between the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern, the control diffusion pattern for controlling a thickness of an alloy formed in the second conductive pattern and the first conductive pattern.

Optionally, the solar cell further includes: a flux pattern disposed between the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern.

Optionally, in the stacking direction of the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern, the second conductive pattern is composed of at least two layers of second conductive sub-patterns stacked.

In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided another method for manufacturing a solar cell, including:

forming a second conductive pattern on the imprint template;

aligning the second conductive pattern with a region of the solar cell body where an electrode is to be formed, and soldering the second conductive pattern to the region of the solar cell body where the electrode is to be formed;

and removing the imprinting template.

Optionally, before welding, the method further includes: annealing the imprint template on which the second conductive pattern is formed, so that the second conductive pattern is recrystallized.

Optionally, before welding, the method further includes: forming a diffusion control pattern on the second conductive pattern, and/or forming a diffusion control pattern on a region of the solar cell body where an electrode is to be formed;

wherein the diffusion control pattern is used to control the thickness of an alloy formed in the welding of the second conductive pattern and the region of the solar cell body where the electrode is to be formed.

Optionally, the imprint template comprises a first groove; the forming a second conductive pattern on the imprint template includes: forming the second conductive pattern in the first groove of the imprinting template;

the second conductive pattern is flush with the surface of the side, provided with the first groove, of the imprinting template, or protrudes out of the surface of the side, provided with the first groove, of the imprinting template.

Optionally, the imprint template includes a substrate, the first groove is disposed on the substrate, and the imprint template further includes a first boss disposed on the substrate and located at an edge of the first groove; the forming of the second conductive pattern in the first groove of the imprint template includes:

the second conductive pattern is flush with the surface of the first boss far away from the substrate, or protrudes from the surface of the first boss far away from the substrate.

Optionally, the area of the cross section of the first groove gradually decreases along the direction from the notch of the first groove to the groove bottom; wherein the cross section is perpendicular to a stacking direction of the second conductive pattern and the solar cell body.

Optionally, the imprint template comprises a substrate and a second boss on the substrate;

the forming of the second conductive pattern on the imprint template includes:

Optionally, the imprint template includes a substrate, and the forming of the second conductive pattern on the imprint template includes:

providing a plurality of metal foil patterns;

the imprinting template comprises a plurality of adsorption areas; the forming of the second conductive pattern on the imprint template includes: and at least aligning one adsorption area with one metal foil pattern, and adsorbing the metal foil pattern on the adsorption area to form the second conductive pattern.

Optionally, the second conductive pattern is made of aluminum, and the second conductive pattern contacts with a silicon substrate in the solar cell body;

the soldering the second conductive pattern to a region of the solar cell body where an electrode is to be formed includes:

in the process of welding the second conductive pattern in the region of the solar cell body where the electrode is to be formed, part of aluminum in the second conductive pattern is diffused into the region of the silicon substrate where the electrode is to be formed, so that the region of the silicon substrate where the electrode is to be formed is doped to form a P-type doped region, and the rest of the second conductive pattern is used as the electrode.

In a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided another solar cell, comprising:

a solar cell body;

and a second conductive pattern disposed on the solar cell body;

wherein the second conductive pattern is soldered on the solar cell body.

Optionally, in a direction away from the solar cell body, the area of the cross section of the second conductive pattern or a partial region of the second conductive pattern away from the solar cell body is gradually reduced; wherein the cross section is perpendicular to a stacking direction of the second conductive pattern and the solar cell body.

Optionally, the shape of a longitudinal section of the second conductive pattern or a partial region of the second conductive pattern away from the solar cell body is a triangle, a trapezoid, or a figure formed by a segment of an arc and a line segment connecting two end points of the arc, and the length of the line segment is less than or equal to the diameter of a circle corresponding to the arc; wherein the longitudinal section is parallel to a lamination direction of the second conductive pattern and the solar cell body.

Optionally, the solar cell further includes: a control diffusion pattern disposed between the second conductive pattern and the solar cell body, the control diffusion pattern for controlling a thickness of an alloy formed in the welding of the second conductive pattern and the solar cell body.

In a fifth aspect of the present invention, a battery module is provided, which includes a first packaging adhesive film, a solar battery string, and a second packaging adhesive film stacked in sequence; the solar cell string is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of solar cells in series;

wherein the solar cell is any one of the solar cells.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery assembly according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first HJT solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an HBC solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second HJT solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a third HJT solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for manufacturing a solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a first HJT solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a second HJT solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a first HBC solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a second HBC solar cell exemplarily provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a first method for forming a second conductive pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a second conductive pattern according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic partial structural view of a third forming second conductive pattern exemplarily provided in the embodiment of the invention;

fig. 14 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a fourth conductive pattern according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 15 is a schematic partial structural view of a fifth forming second conductive pattern according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating alignment of the first second conductive pattern and an area to be formed with an electrode in the first conductive film layer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating alignment of a second conductive pattern with an area of a first conductive film layer where an electrode is to be formed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 18 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating alignment of a third second conductive pattern with an area where an electrode is to be formed in the first conductive film layer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 19 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a third HJT solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 20 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a third HBC solar cell exemplarily provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a first imprint template exemplarily provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a second imprint template exemplarily provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 23 is a schematic view of a third imprint template exemplarily provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth HJT solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 25 is a flowchart illustrating steps of another method for manufacturing a solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 26 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

1-solar cell string, 2-first encapsulation adhesive film, 3-second encapsulation adhesive film, 4-transparent cover plate, 5-back plate, 101-substrate, 102-first boss, 103-first groove, 104-second conductive film layer, second conductive pattern, 1041, 1042, 1043-second conductive pattern, 1044-metal wire, 1045-coating, 1046-aluminum paste sub-pattern, 202-second boss, 311-adhesive layer, adhesive pattern, 321-first conductive film layer, first conductive pattern, 301-front side film, 302-N type hydrogen doped amorphous silicon/microcrystalline silicon oxide passivation layer, 303-front side intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer, 304-front side intrinsic amorphous silicon buffer layer, 305-silicon substrate, 306-back side amorphous silicon buffer layer, 307-back side amorphous silicon passivation layer, 308-P type amorphous silicon emitter, 309-back side TCO film, 401-front side silicon nitride layer, 402-front side N layer, 403-front side 406 i layer, 405-back side i layer, 306-N-isolation layer, 408-P type intrinsic amorphous silicon emitter, 309-back side TCO layer, and P type doped P-P type region 409.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery assembly according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. An embodiment of the present invention provides a battery assembly, as shown in fig. 1, the battery assembly includes a first encapsulant film 2, a solar battery string 1, and a second encapsulant film 3, which are sequentially stacked, where the solar battery string 1 includes a plurality of solar batteries that are sequentially connected in series. In some examples, the first and second encapsulant films 1 and 3 may be EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) films.

Referring to fig. 1, in some examples, the battery assembly may further include: the transparent cover plate 4 is arranged on one side, far away from the solar cell string 1, of the first packaging adhesive film 2; and/or the back sheet 5 is arranged on one side of the second packaging adhesive film 3 far away from the solar cell string 1.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a solar cell, which can be applied to the above cell module, in particular to a solar cell applied to the above solar cell string. The type of the solar Cell is not limited in the present invention, and the solar Cell may be, for example, an HJT (Hetero-Junction with Intrinsic Thin-layer) solar Cell, an SHJ (Silicon Hetero-Junction solar Cell), an IBC (interdigitated back Contact) solar Cell, a TOPcon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) solar Cell, a PERC (Passivated emitter and back solar Cell), or the like.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first HJT solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an HBC solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second HJT solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a third HJT solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 2, 3, 4, and 5, the solar cell includes a solar cell body, and a positive electrode and a negative electrode provided on the solar cell body. Based on this, it is understood that, in the solar cell, the other portions than the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be considered as a solar cell body. The structure of the solar cell body is different for different types of solar cells, and the following description is given by way of two examples.

For example, in the case that the solar cell is an HJT solar cell, as shown in fig. 2, 4, and 5, the HJT solar cell may include a front TCO (Transparent conductive oxide film) 301, an N-type hydrogen-doped amorphous silicon/microcrystalline silicon oxide passivation layer 302, a front intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer 303, a front intrinsic amorphous silicon buffer layer 304, a silicon substrate 305, a back intrinsic amorphous silicon buffer layer 306, a back intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer 307, a P-type amorphous silicon emitter 308, a back TCO309, and a negative electrode disposed on the front TCO301 and a positive electrode disposed on the back TCO309, which are sequentially stacked. The front TCO301, the N-type hydrogen-doped amorphous silicon/microcrystalline silicon oxide passivation layer 302, the front intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer 303, the front intrinsic amorphous silicon buffer layer 304, the silicon substrate 305, the back intrinsic amorphous silicon buffer layer 306, the back intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer 307, the P-type amorphous silicon emitter 308, and the back TCO309, which are sequentially stacked, may be a solar cell body of an HJT solar cell.

Second, in the case where the above-described solar cell is an HBC (Heterojunction back contact) solar cell, as shown in fig. 3, the HBC solar cell may include, for example, a front-side silicon nitride layer 401, a front-side n-layer 402, a front-side i-layer 403, a silicon substrate 305, a back-side i-layer 405, an n-type layer 406, a p-type layer 408, an isolation layer 409, a back-side TCO309, and a positive electrode disposed on the p-type layer 408 and a negative electrode disposed on the n-type layer 406. Among them, the front side silicon nitride layer 401, the front side n layer 402, the front side i layer 403, the silicon substrate 305, the back side i layer 405, the n-type layer 406, the p-type layer 408, the isolation layer 409, and the back side TCO309 can be considered as a solar cell body of the HBC solar cell.

In the solar cell, the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be located on the same side of the solar cell body, or may be respectively disposed on two opposite sides of the solar cell body.

Several examples are provided below to introduce the structure and fabrication method of a solar cell.

Example one

The first embodiment provides a solar cell, which, with reference to fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, includes a solar cell body, and a positive electrode and a negative electrode disposed on the solar cell body; the structure of the positive electrode and the structure of the negative electrode can be the same or different. The electrode of the solar cell (which may be a positive electrode or a negative electrode) includes: a first conductive pattern 321 and a second conductive pattern 104 formed on the solar cell body in a stacked manner; wherein the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104 are connected together by means of soldering. The welding connection means that: the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104 are fusion-gold-bonded to each other at a certain temperature. The soldering temperature may be determined according to the materials of the first and second

conductive patterns

321 and 104. The specific temperature required for welding is not limited in the present invention.

For example, for a bifacial cell, the electrodes may be located on the light-facing side or the backlight side of the solar cell body. For back contact solar cells, the electrodes may be located on the back-light side of the solar cell body. It is understood that the portion of the solar cell body in contact with the first conductive pattern can be conductive, for example, the portion of the solar cell body in contact with the first conductive pattern can be TCO; or the portion of the solar cell body in contact with the first conductive pattern may be a doped layer. For another example, if a passivation layer is formed on the surface of the solar cell body, the portion of the solar cell body in contact with the first conductive pattern is a groove formed in the passivation layer, and the conductive layer is exposed.

The first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104 are soldered together, and the soldering process is simple and mature and is easy to realize mass production. Meanwhile, welding has the characteristics of low bonding temperature and high bonding strength, and the low bonding temperature can enable the solar cell body to be subjected to smaller heat influence and has small influence on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. The high bonding strength can make the reliability of the electrodes of the solar cell good. In the welding process, the materials of the second conductive pattern 104 and the first conductive pattern 321 may be welded, which is not limited to silver paste, and the material selectivity is high, and compared with silver paste, selecting, for example, copper, tin, and the like may appropriately reduce the cost, and the silver paste is granular, so that the contact between silver particles is less, and the silver paste contains an organic component, which also affects the contact between silver particles, so that the resistivity of the silver paste electrode is higher, and the conductivity is poor. In addition, since the second conductive pattern 104 may not be formed on the solar cell body, the formation process of the second conductive pattern has little or no influence on the solar cell body, and mass production is easy to achieve, and the formation cost can be reduced.

The material of the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104 may be a material that can be soldered, and the material of the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104 is not particularly limited.

It should be noted that fig. 2 and 3 are different mainly in the structure of the solar cell body and in the shape of the second conductive pattern 104. The difference between fig. 2 and 4 is mainly in the shape of the second conductive pattern 104.

Optionally, the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104 may be both made of low-temperature conductive materials, so that the thermal influence of the welding on the solar cell body may be reduced. For example, the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104 may be at least one of the following eight low-temperature conductive materials: the melting point of the first low-temperature conductive material is 98 ℃, and the first low-temperature conductive material comprises the following components: 50% by mass of bismuth (Bi), 25% by mass of lead (Pb) and 25% by mass of tin (Sn). The melting point of the second low-temperature conductive material is 74 ℃, and the composition components are as follows: 42.5% by mass of bismuth (Bi), 37.7% by mass of lead (Pb), 11.3% by mass of tin (Sn) and 8.5% by mass of cadmium (Cd). The melting point of the third low-temperature conductive material is 70 ℃, and the composition of the third low-temperature conductive material is as follows: 50% by mass of bismuth (Bi), 26.7% by mass of lead (Pb), 13.3% by mass of tin (Sn) and 10% by mass of cadmium (Cd). The melting point of the fourth low-temperature conductive material is 62 ℃, and the fourth low-temperature conductive material comprises the following components: 32.5% by mass of bismuth (Bi), 16.5% by mass of tin (Sn) and 51% by mass of indium (In). The melting point of the fifth low-temperature conductive material is 58 ℃, and the composition components are as follows: bismuth (Bi) at a mass ratio of 49%, lead (Pb) at a mass ratio of 18%, tin (Sn) at a mass ratio of 12%, and indium (In) at a mass ratio of 21%. The melting point of the sixth low-temperature conductive material is 47.2 ℃, and the composition components are as follows: 44.7% by mass of bismuth (Bi), 22.6% by mass of lead (Pb), 8.3% by mass of tin (Sn), 19.1% by mass of indium (In), and 5.3% by mass of cadmium (Cd). The melting point of the seventh low-temperature conductive material is 41.5 ℃, and the composition components are as follows: bismuth (Bi) with a mass ratio of 40.3%, lead (Pb) with a mass ratio of 22.2%, tin (Sn) with a mass ratio of 10.7%, indium (In) with a mass ratio of 17.7%, cadmium (Cd) with a mass ratio of 8.1%, and Thallium (TI) with a mass ratio of 1.1%. The melting point of the eighth low-temperature conductive material is 30.0 ℃, and the composition components are as follows: gallium (Ga) in a mass proportion of 100%.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, the first conductive pattern 321 is close to the solar cell body with respect to the second conductive pattern 104. In fig. 2, the direction indicated by the dashed arrow L1 is: in a direction away from the solar cell body. The area of the cross section of the partial region of the second conductive pattern 104 away from the solar cell body is gradually reduced in the direction away from the solar cell body, and the cross section is perpendicular to the lamination direction of the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104, that is, the area of the cross section of the partial region of the second conductive pattern 104 away from the solar cell body is smaller as the distance from the first conductive pattern 321 is increased, which is favorable for reducing reflection and shading and can increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

Referring to fig. 2 and 5, in some examples, the second conductive pattern 104 includes a second conductive sub-pattern 1041 and a second conductive sub-pattern 1042 arranged in a stack, and the second conductive sub-pattern 1042 is close to the first conductive pattern 321 with respect to the second conductive sub-pattern 1041. The area of the cross section of the second conductive pattern 104 is gradually reduced in a direction away from the solar cell body, having the effects of reducing reflection and blocking light. Or, in the direction away from the solar cell body, the cross-sectional areas of the second conductive sub-patterns 1042 close to the first conductive patterns 321 in the second conductive patterns 104 are equal, the cross-sectional area of the second conductive sub-patterns 1041 far away from the first conductive patterns 321 in the second conductive patterns 104 is gradually reduced, and the second conductive sub-patterns 1041 have the functions of reducing reflection and shielding light.

Optionally, the shape of the second conductive pattern 104 or the longitudinal cross section of the partial region of the second conductive pattern 104 away from the solar cell body is a triangle, a trapezoid, or a figure formed by a segment of an arc and a line segment connecting two end points of the arc, the length of the line segment is less than or equal to the diameter of a circle corresponding to the arc, and the longitudinal cross section is parallel to the stacking direction of the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104. If the length of the line segment is equal to the diameter of the circle corresponding to the circular arc, the shape of the longitudinal section of the partial region of the second conductive pattern 104 or the second conductive pattern 104 far from the solar cell body is semicircular, and the shape of the partial region of the second conductive pattern 104 or the second conductive pattern 104 far from the solar cell body is semicylindrical. If the length of the line segment is smaller than the diameter of the circle corresponding to the circular arc, the circular arc is a minor arc of the circle corresponding to the circular arc.

For example, in fig. 2 and 5, a longitudinal cross section of a second conductive sub-pattern 1041 of the second conductive pattern 104 far from the solar cell body is triangular, and a longitudinal cross section of a second conductive sub-pattern 1042 of the second conductive pattern 104 near the solar cell body is rectangular. The shape of the longitudinal section of the second conductive pattern 104 is a pattern formed by splicing a rectangle and a triangle, the base of the triangle coincides with one side of the rectangle, and the opposite corner of the base is located on the side of the second conductive pattern 104 far away from the first conductive pattern 321.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 2 to 4, the electrode of the solar cell further includes: the bonding pattern 311 is located between the first conductive pattern 321 and the solar cell body, and the bonding pattern 311 is used for improving the bonding force between the first conductive pattern 321 and the solar cell body, so that the reliability of the electrode is better. The shape of the adhesive pattern 311 may be the same as or similar to that of the first conductive pattern 321. The material of the bonding pattern 311 may be selected from: at least one of titanium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, tin, titanium nitride, titanium tungsten and silver, and the bonding pattern 311 of the above materials has a strong bonding force with the solar cell body, thereby indirectly improving the bonding force between the first conductive pattern 321 and the solar cell body. It should be noted that the adhesive pattern 311 may also have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, for example, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, the adhesive pattern 311 has a single-layer structure.

Optionally, the thickness of the bonding pattern 311 may be 1 to 50nm, the thickness direction is parallel to the stacking direction of the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104, and the thickness of the bonding pattern 311 is within the range, which not only has a good effect of improving the bonding force between the first conductive pattern 321 and the solar cell body, but also has a low cost. For example, the bonding pattern 311 may be a 10nm titanium bonding pattern.

In some examples, the thickness of the bonding pattern 311 may be, for example, 1nm, 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, or 50nm. The solar cell shown in fig. 5 does not have an adhesive pattern, as compared to fig. 2, 3, and 4.

Optionally, the solar cell may further include: a control diffusion pattern (not shown) between the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104, the control diffusion pattern for: the thickness of the alloy formed in the welding of the second conductive pattern 104 and the first conductive pattern 321 is controlled to obtain a desired interface alloy region. Specifically, the diffusion control pattern located between the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104 can slow down the atomic diffusion speed of the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104 in the welding process, so that the thickness of the alloy formed at each position of the welding interface is uniform, the thickness of the alloy formed in the welding process is not too thick, and the bonding force between the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104 can be improved. Meanwhile, the diffusion-controlling pattern between the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104 can also improve the wettability of the first conductive pattern 321, and improve the wettability of the second conductive pattern 104, so that fewer bubbles are formed in the process of combining the two, the two are combined more tightly, and the combining force between the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104 is further improved. Furthermore, the diffusion-controlling pattern between the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104 can prevent the diffusion rate of atoms of both the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104 under the heated or cooled condition of the solar cell after soldering to some extent, so as to prevent the alloy from further thickening. The material for controlling the diffusion pattern is not particularly limited. For example, the material of the diffusion control pattern may be graphene, a single layer of graphene, or a plurality of layers of graphene, and the shape of the diffusion control pattern may be the same as or similar to the shapes of the first and second

conductive patterns

321 and 104.

If the flux pattern and the diffusion control pattern are present between the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104, the diffusion control pattern is located between the flux pattern and the first conductive pattern 321, or the diffusion control pattern is located between the flux pattern and the second conductive pattern 104. For example, the electrode may be configured as: the first conductive pattern 321, the diffusion control pattern, the flux pattern, and the second conductive pattern 104 are sequentially stacked, and the diffusion control pattern is located between the flux pattern and the first conductive pattern 321. In this case, controlling the diffusion pattern can control not only the thickness of the alloy formed in the soldering of the second conductive pattern 104 and the first conductive pattern 321, but also the thickness of the flux pattern and the alloy of the second conductive pattern 104 soldered thereto. As with the above example, the flux pattern and the second conductive pattern 104 are also soldered during soldering, and controlling the diffusion pattern also controls the thickness of the alloy formed during soldering of the flux pattern and the second conductive pattern 104.

Optionally, the thickness of the second conductive pattern 104 is 5-50um, and/or the thickness of the first conductive pattern 321 is 10-100nm. The thickness direction is parallel to the lamination direction of the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104. The thickness of the second conductive pattern 104 and the thickness of the first conductive pattern 321 are within the above range, and the electrode has a good effect of collecting carriers. It should be noted that the directions of the thickness mentioned throughout are the same.

Illustratively, the thickness of the second conductive pattern 104 may be 5um, 10um, 20um, 30um, 40um, or 50um. Illustratively, the thickness of the first conductive pattern 321 may be 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, or 100nm.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the second conductive pattern 104 is composed of at least two second conductive sub-patterns stacked in a stacking direction parallel to the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104. In fig. 2, what is indicated by a broken line L1 may be a lamination direction parallel to the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104. It should be noted that the second conductive pattern 104 is specifically composed of how many second conductive sub-patterns, and is not particularly limited. For example, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, and 5, the second conductive pattern 104 is composed of a second conductive sub-pattern 1041 and a second conductive sub-pattern 1042 which are stacked in a stacking direction parallel to the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104. For another example, as shown in fig. 4, the second conductive pattern 104 is composed of a second conductive sub-pattern 1041, a second conductive sub-pattern 1042, and a second conductive sub-pattern 1043 which are stacked in a stacking direction parallel to the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104.

Alternatively, the material of the second conductive sub-pattern 1041 farthest from the first conductive pattern 321 in the second conductive pattern 104 may include tin. The second conductive sub-pattern 1041 of the second conductive pattern 104, which is farthest from the first conductive pattern 321, is also the portion of the electrode, which is farthest from the solar cell body, and the material of the portion includes tin, which can prevent the oxidation of the rest of the second conductive sub-patterns in the second conductive pattern 104, and on the other hand, the melting point of tin is low, so that during the soldering process of the solder strip and the electrode, the soldering temperature can be low due to the low melting point of tin, which is beneficial to reducing the soldering temperature of the electrode during the formation of the cell assembly, and the like, so as to reduce the thermal influence on the solar cell or the cell assembly. The material of the second conductive sub-pattern closest to the first conductive pattern 321 in the second conductive pattern 104 may be tin or a tin alloy. For example, in the solar cell shown in fig. 4, the material of the second conductive sub-pattern 1041 of the second conductive pattern 104, which is farthest from the first conductive pattern 321, includes tin, which mainly functions to prevent the second conductive sub-pattern 1042 and the second conductive sub-pattern 1043 from oxidizing, and during the bonding process of the solder ribbon and the electrode, since the melting point of tin is lower, the bonding temperature can be lower, and the thermal influence on the solar cell or the cell assembly can be reduced.

Here, the tin alloy may be a copper-tin alloy, a lead-tin alloy, or the like.

Optionally, the solar cell may further include: a flux pattern (not shown) between the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104. The flux pattern is arranged between the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104, the flux usually contains tin, during the process of soldering the solder strip and the electrode, because the melting point of tin is lower, the soldering temperature can be lower, the heat influence on the solar cell or the cell assembly can be reduced, meanwhile, after the flux is contacted with the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104, impurities on the surface of the first conductive pattern 321 and impurities on the surface of the second conductive pattern 104 can be properly adsorbed, the flux is usually easy to volatilize, and the volatilized flux can carry out part of impurities, so the soldering effect is better.

The first embodiment also provides a method for manufacturing a solar cell, which can be used for manufacturing the solar cell in the first embodiment, and fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for manufacturing a solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 6, the method for manufacturing the solar cell includes the steps of:

step A1, forming a first conductive pattern or a first conductive film layer on a solar cell body.

The first conductive pattern may be formed on the solar cell body in a manner of: and forming a first conductive pattern in an area to be provided with an electrode on the solar cell body by adopting the modes of screen printing, deposition, electroplating and the like. Or, by adopting the above manner, the entire first conductive film layer is formed on the solar cell body, and the first conductive pattern is formed by patterning the first conductive film layer. For example, the first conductive film layer 321 may be formed by vacuum deposition, such as vacuum sputtering deposition. If the entire first conductive film layer 321 is formed, a mask layer may be disposed on the first conductive film layer 321, the mask layer may be patterned, and the first conductive pattern 321 may be formed by wet etching. Alternatively, the first conductive film layer 321 may be patterned using a laser to form the first conductive pattern 321. In the present embodiment, this is not particularly limited.

Fig. 7 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a first HJT solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a second HJT solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a schematic partial structural diagram of a first HBC solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 10 is a schematic partial structural diagram of a second HBC solar cell exemplarily provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 8 and 10, a first conductive film layer 321 is formed on the solar cell body by screen printing, deposition, electroplating, or the like.

Optionally, the forming of the first conductive pattern or the first conductive film layer on the solar cell body may include: and laying a metal foil on the solar cell body to form a first conductive film layer. The metal foil is then patterned to form a first conductive pattern. The pattern formation method is not particularly limited. The material of the metal foil is the same as that of the first conductive pattern or the first conductive film layer.

Alternatively, after the metal foil is laid on the solar cell body, the method may include: and pressing the metal foil to ensure that the metal foil is attached to the solar cell body. Specifically, if the solar cell body has a pyramid shape, a gap between the solar cell body and the metal foil may be relatively obvious, and the metal foil and the solar cell body are well attached through pressing, so that alignment welding is facilitated, and the reliability of an electrode is improved. The pressing method is not limited specifically, for example, the pressing may be performed by a roller, and after the pressing, the surface of the metal foil may be cleaned to reduce the contamination of the pressing substance to the surface of the metal foil. This is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

And step A2, forming a second conductive pattern on the imprinting template.

Fig. 11 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a first method for forming a second conductive pattern according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 12 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a second method for forming a second conductive pattern according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 13 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a third method for forming a second conductive pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 14 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a fourth method for forming a second conductive pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 15 is a schematic partial structural view of a fifth forming second conductive pattern exemplarily provided in the embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 11 to 15, a second conductive pattern 104 is formed on the imprint template. For example, a whole second conductive film layer is formed on the imprint template, and then the second conductive pattern 104 is formed by laser etching. The imprint template mainly functions as follows: the imprint template may serve as a part for carrying the second conductive pattern 104 during soldering of the second conductive pattern 104 to the first conductive pattern or the first conductive film layer 321 on the solar cell body. The second conductive patterns 104 shown in fig. 12 and 13 are each composed of a second conductive sub-pattern 1041 and a second conductive sub-pattern 1042 which are stacked in a stacking direction parallel to the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104. The second conductive pattern 104 shown in fig. 15 is composed of a second conductive sub-pattern 1041, a second conductive sub-pattern 1042, and a second conductive sub-pattern 1043 which are arranged in a stack in a stacking direction parallel to the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104.

In some examples, forming the second conductive pattern 104 on the imprint template includes: in fig. 11, a second conductive sub-pattern 1041 is formed on the imprint template first, and in fig. 12, a second conductive sub-pattern 1042 is formed on the second conductive sub-pattern 1041.

In other examples, forming the second conductive pattern 104 on the imprint template includes: in fig. 13, a second conductive sub-pattern 1041 is formed on the imprint template first, and in fig. 14, a second conductive sub-pattern 1042 is formed on the second conductive sub-pattern 1041. In fig. 15, a second conductive sub-pattern 1042 is formed on the second conductive sub-pattern 1041, and then a second conductive sub-pattern 1043 is formed on the second conductive sub-pattern 1042.

The manner of forming the second conductive pattern 104 on the imprint template may include: electroplating, deposition, etc. The second conductive pattern 104 is formed on the imprint template, rather than being fabricated on the solar cell body, and the fabrication process of the second conductive pattern 104 has little or no influence on the solar cell body, so that the influence on the solar cell body can be reduced, and mass production can be easily achieved.

Step A3, aligning the second conductive pattern with the first conductive pattern, and welding the second conductive pattern with the first conductive pattern; or aligning the second conductive pattern with an area of the first conductive film layer where the electrode is to be formed, and welding the second conductive pattern with the area of the first conductive film layer where the electrode is to be formed.

The second conductive pattern 104 is aligned with the first conductive pattern 321, where the alignment may be: the first projection of the second conductive pattern 104 on the solar cell body and the second projection of the first conductive pattern 321 on the solar cell body have an overlapping region, and the area size of the overlapping region is not particularly limited. For example, the size of the area of the first projection may be equal to the size of the area of the second projection, and the area of the overlapping region is smaller than the area of the first projection, or the size of the area of the first projection may be equal to the size of the area of the second projection, and the size of the area of the overlapping region is equal to the size of the area of the first projection, or the area of the second projection may be larger than the area of the first projection, and the first projection completely falls into the second projection. It should be noted that all references to alignment throughout are to be understood as referring to the same or similar definitions of alignment herein.

After the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104 are aligned, the second conductive pattern 104 is soldered to the first conductive pattern 321, so that the second conductive pattern 104 on the imprint template is transferred to the first conductive film layer 321 or the first conductive pattern 321 on the solar cell body. The welding has the characteristics of low bonding temperature and high bonding strength, the solar cell body is less affected by heat due to the low bonding temperature, and the influence on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is small. The high bonding strength can make the reliability of the electrodes of the solar cell good. Compared with screen printing, the second conductive pattern, the first conductive film layer or the first conductive pattern of the invention can be made of materials capable of being welded, and are not limited to silver paste, so that the cost can be properly reduced. Compared with laser transfer printing, the method has the advantages that the second conductive pattern and the first conductive pattern are welded together, or the second conductive pattern and the area of the first conductive film layer where the electrode is to be formed are welded together, the welding process is mature, the process difficulty is relatively low, and the production efficiency can be properly improved. Compared with electroplating, the second conductive pattern and the first conductive pattern are welded together, or the second conductive pattern and the area of the first conductive film layer where the electrode is to be formed are welded together, so that the solar cell body does not have the process problems of electroplating and the like, the yield and the reliability are good, and mass production is easy to realize.

The second conductive pattern 104 is aligned with the region of the first conductive film 321 where the electrode is to be formed, similar to the alignment of the second conductive pattern 104 with the first conductive pattern 321, and reference may be made to the related description above to achieve the same or similar beneficial effects, and details are not repeated herein to avoid repetition.

The second conductive pattern 104 and the region of the first conductive film 321 where the electrode is to be formed are welded together, and reference may also be made to the aforementioned related description of welding the second conductive pattern 104 and the first conductive pattern 321 together, and the same or similar beneficial effects can be achieved, and therefore, in order to avoid repetition, no further description is given here.

Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating alignment between the first second conductive pattern and an area to be formed with an electrode in the first conductive film layer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating alignment of a second conductive pattern and an area where an electrode is to be formed in the first conductive film layer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 18 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating that the third second conductive pattern is aligned with a region where an electrode is to be formed in the first conductive film layer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 16, 17, and 18, the second conductive pattern 104 is aligned with an area of the first conductive film layer 321 where an electrode is to be formed, and the second conductive pattern 104 is soldered with the area of the first conductive film layer 321 where the electrode is to be formed. The difference between fig. 16 and 18 is mainly in the number of the second conductive patterns 104, the structure of the solar cell body, and the number of the second conductive patterns in the second conductive patterns 104. Fig. 16 and 17 differ mainly in the shape of the second conductive pattern 104.

And A4, removing the imprinting template.

The second conductive pattern 104 on the imprint template is transferred to the first conductive film layer 321 on the solar cell body or the solder on the first conductive pattern 321, substantially forming an electrode of the solar cell, and then the imprint template is removed. Here, the imprint template may be removed by a mechanical external force or the like, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the method of removing the imprint template is not particularly limited. The removal of the imprint template mainly depends on the bonding force between the second conductive pattern 104 and the imprint template, which is smaller than the welding force between the second conductive pattern 104 and the first conductive film layer 321 or the first conductive pattern 321, so as to remove the imprint template. Alternatively, a coating or the like may be applied between the imprint template and the second conductive pattern 104 that makes it easier for the second conductive pattern 104 to detach from the imprint template, further facilitating the removal of the imprint template. For example, there may be tin or a tin alloy between the imprint template and the second conductive pattern 104, which has a lower melting point and thus facilitates removal of the imprint template.

Fig. 19 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a third HJT solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 20 is a schematic partial structural diagram of a third HBC solar cell exemplarily provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Reference is made to fig. 19 and 20, which are schematic diagrams of the solar cell after the imprint template is removed.

It should be noted that after the imprint template is removed, an acid solution or an alkali solution may be used to clean the second conductive pattern remaining on the imprint template, so that the imprint template may be reused, thereby further reducing the cost. Specifically, whether the imprint template is cleaned by using the acid solution or the imprint template is cleaned by using the alkali solution is determined according to the material of the second conductive pattern, and this is not particularly limited in this embodiment.

And A5, under the condition that a first conductive film layer is formed on the solar cell body, removing the part of the first conductive film layer except the electrode area to be formed to form a first conductive pattern.

The first conductive film 321 is disposed on the solar cell body in a whole layer, and a removing liquid corresponding to a material in the first conductive film 321 may be used to remove a portion of the first conductive film 321 outside the electrode region to form a first conductive pattern, thereby avoiding problems such as short circuit.

It should be noted that the first conductive pattern with a suitable shape can be obtained by controlling the concentration of the removing liquid and/or the removing time, and further controlling the precision of forming the first conductive pattern, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

Referring to fig. 2 to 5, the first conductive film layer may be removed to form a first conductive pattern 321.

Optionally, before the step A3, the method may further include: annealing the imprint template on which the second conductive pattern 104 is formed, so that the second conductive pattern 104 is recrystallized to relieve stress, and the second conductive pattern 104 is annealed on the imprint template instead of the second conductive pattern 104 transferred to the solar cell body, so that the annealing does not have thermal influence on the solar cell body and does not have adverse effect on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

Optionally, the annealing temperature is: 200-700 ℃, and the annealing time is as follows: annealing in this temperature range for 0.5-2 minutes results in a more complete and energy efficient stress relief of the second conductive pattern 104 on the imprint template. For example, the annealing temperature is 200 ℃ and the annealing time is 30 seconds. As another example, the annealing temperature is 700 ℃ and the annealing time is 2 minutes. As another example, the annealing temperature is 400 ℃ and the annealing time is 60 seconds. As another example, the annealing temperature is 700 ℃ and the annealing time is 45 seconds.

Optionally, the annealing temperature is: 500-700 ℃, and the annealing time is as follows: the annealing temperature and the annealing time are 1 minute, and the stress relief degree of the second conductive pattern 104 on the imprinting stamp and the energy saving are well balanced.

The annealing method may be infrared heating, ultrasonic heating, resistance heating, or the like, and is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

Optionally, before welding, the method may further include: forming a flux pattern on the second conductive pattern, and/or forming a flux pattern on the first conductive pattern or the area of the first conductive film layer where the electrode is to be formed, so as to improve the soldering effect, where the flux pattern may be formed by coating, depositing, and the like, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

Optionally, before welding, the method may further include: forming a diffusion-controlling pattern on the first conductive pattern or an area of the first conductive film layer where the electrode is to be formed, and/or forming a diffusion-controlling pattern on the second conductive pattern. The diffusion-controlling pattern is used to control the thickness of the alloy formed in the bonding of the second conductive pattern and the first conductive pattern to obtain a desired bonding alloy region. For the materials, structures, etc. of the diffusion-controlling pattern, reference may be made to the related descriptions above, and the same or similar advantageous effects may be achieved. The diffusion-controlling pattern may be formed by deposition, coating, or the like.

Optionally, before forming the first conductive pattern or the first conductive film layer on the solar cell body, the method may further include: forming a bonding pattern or a bonding film layer on the solar cell body, the bonding pattern or the bonding film layer being used to improve a bonding force between the first conductive pattern and the solar cell body, forming the first conductive pattern, and may include: and forming a first conductive pattern on the bonding pattern or the bonding film layer. Here, the adhesive film layer is formed as a whole layer on the solar cell body, and the adhesive pattern is obtained by patterning the whole adhesive film layer. The manner of forming the bonding pattern may also be: the method includes forming a whole bonding film layer on a solar cell body by screen printing, electroplating, deposition and the like, forming a mask on the bonding film layer, patterning the mask, and performing wet etching to obtain a bonding pattern, or patterning the bonding film layer by using laser to obtain the bonding pattern, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment. The materials of the bonding pattern and the like can be referred to the related description, and the same or similar advantageous effects can be achieved, and the description thereof is omitted to avoid redundancy.

As shown in fig. 7 and 9, before forming the first conductive film 321 on the solar cell body, the method may further include: an adhesive film layer 311 is formed on the solar cell body. Referring to fig. 8 and 10, forming the first conductive film layer 321 includes: the first conductive film layer 321 is formed on the adhesive film layer 311. After welding, the method may further include: the portion of the adhesive film layer 311 other than the electrode region is removed to form the adhesive pattern 311 to avoid short-circuiting or the like as much as possible. The portions of the bonding film layer 311 other than the electrode regions are removed, and a removing solution corresponding to the material of the bonding film layer 311 may be selected as well, so as to obtain the bonding pattern 311 with a precise shape by controlling the concentration and/or the removing time of the removing solution.

Figure 21 is a schematic view of a first imprint template exemplarily provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 21, the imprint template includes a first groove 103, and as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the step A2 may include: a second conductive pattern 104 is formed in the first recess 103 of the imprint template. The second conductive pattern 104 is flush with a surface of the imprint template on the side where the first groove 103 is provided, or protrudes from the surface of the imprint template on the side where the first groove 103 is provided, so that the second conductive pattern 104 can be in contact with a region of the first conductive pattern 321 or the first conductive film 321 where an electrode is to be formed, in a process of welding the second conductive pattern 104 to the region of the first conductive pattern 321 or the first conductive film 321 where the electrode is to be formed. The first groove 103 serves as a gate line pattern corresponding to the second conductive pattern 104, so that the second conductive pattern 104 with a precise shape can be formed. The formation of the second conductive pattern in the first groove 103 of the imprint template may be achieved by electroplating, deposition, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment. It should be noted that, if the deposition method is selected, after the deposition is completed, the second conductive film layer located in the region outside the first groove 103 needs to be etched.

For example, a first recess 103 is opened inwardly in a localized area of the surface of the substrate 101 to form an imprint template. Referring to fig. 17, the surface of the substrate may be a surface of the substrate 101 near the solar cell body in the process of solder-transferring the second conductive pattern 104 to the first conductive film layer 321 on the solar cell body on which the electrode region is to be disposed. If the second conductive pattern 104 is formed in the first groove 103 by electroplating, the surface of the first groove 103 needs to be a conductive surface, and the rest of the surface of the substrate 101 is a non-conductive surface. A non-conductive hard substrate may be selected, a conductive material may be deposited on the hard substrate, a portion of the conductive material remote from the hard substrate may be oxidized to a non-conductive material to form the substrate 101, a first recess 103 may then be opened inward from the non-conductive material such that the conductive material under the non-conductive material at the bottom of the first recess 103 is exposed, the exposed conductive material may serve as a cathode for electroplating, and the remaining surfaces of the substrate 101 may be non-conductive surfaces that will not be electroplated during electroplating to form the imprint template. The size of the first groove 103 is not particularly limited, and for example, the notch of the first groove 103 may be elongated, and the width of the notch of the first groove 103 may be 10um.

The hard matrix herein only needs to have a certain supporting hardness, and the thickness and material of the hard matrix are not particularly limited. The material of the conductive substance and the non-conductive substance is not particularly limited. For example, the hard matrix may be a ceramic having a thickness of 5 nm. The aluminum layer can be deposited on the 5nm ceramic, for example, by sputtering, evaporation, etc. to form a 20um aluminum layer. The aluminum layer is then oxidized such that a portion of the thickness of the aluminum layer remote from the ceramic is oxidized to aluminum oxide, while the remaining aluminum layer adjacent to the ceramic is not oxidized. The thickness of the oxidized aluminum layer and the non-oxidized aluminum layer is not particularly limited herein, and for example, the thickness of the oxidized aluminum may be 10um and the thickness of the non-oxidized aluminum layer may be 10um. Laser etching can then be used to open the grooves so that portions of the aluminum oxide are removed until the aluminum layer is exposed. During the electroplating process, the aluminum oxide is not electroplated, and only the aluminum layer on the bottom of the first groove 103 is electroplated.

Alternatively, as shown in figure 21, the imprint template further comprises a substrate 101, the first recess 103 being provided in the substrate 101. The imprint template further comprises first lands 102 arranged on the substrate 101 at the edges of the first recesses 103. Referring to fig. 11 and 12, a second conductive pattern 104 is formed in the first groove 103 of the imprint template, and includes: in the first recesses 103 of the imprint template and in the areas defined by the first lands 102, second conductive patterns 104 are formed. The second conductive pattern 104 is flush with the surface of the first boss 102 away from the substrate 101, or protrudes from the surface of the first boss 102 away from the substrate 101. Referring to fig. 17, since the first bosses 102 protrude from the substrate 101, in the process of aligning and welding the area to be provided with the electrode in the first conductive film 321 and the second conductive pattern 104, only the portion of the second conductive pattern 104 protruding from the surface of the first boss 102 away from the substrate 101, or only the portion of the second conductive pattern 104 flush with the surface of the first boss 102 away from the substrate 101 is in contact with the area to be provided with the electrode in the first conductive film 321, and the rest of the imprinting stamp is not in contact with the first conductive film 321, so that the first conductive film 321 or the solar cell body can be prevented from being contaminated, and the imprinting stamp can be prevented from pressing against the first conductive film 321 or the solar cell body.

Note that the second conductive pattern is not formed on the surface of the first land 102 away from the substrate 101, which is advantageous in that waste can be reduced and current loss can be reduced. More specifically, if the second conductive pattern is formed on the surface of the first boss 102 away from the substrate 101, and the projection of the second conductive pattern on the surface of the substrate 101 close to the first boss 102 does not coincide with the projection of the second conductive pattern in the first groove 103 and in the region defined by the first boss 102 on the surface of the substrate 101 close to the first boss 102, the carriers collected by the portion need to be transferred in the direction parallel to the width of the notch of the first groove 103 to be able to be derived, the carrier transfer path is long, and a certain current loss may be caused. The implementation manner of not forming the second conductive pattern on the surface of the first boss 102 away from the substrate 101 may be: in the process of depositing and forming the second conductive pattern, the second conductive pattern formed on the surface of the first boss 102 far away from the substrate 101 is also deposited, then a mask is arranged, the mask is patterned, and wet etching is performed to remove the second conductive pattern formed on the surface of the first boss 102 far away from the substrate 101. Or in the process of depositing to form the second conductive pattern, depositing on the surface of the first boss 102 away from the substrate 101, and removing the second conductive pattern formed on the surface of the first boss 102 away from the substrate 101 by adopting a laser etching mode. Still alternatively, the areas defined by the first bosses 102 on both sides are provided as conductive surfaces, and the surfaces of the first bosses 102 away from the substrate 101 are provided as non-conductive surfaces. The specific method comprises the following steps: a conductive material may be selected for a portion of the first pad 102 close to the substrate 101, and then a non-conductive material is deposited or coated on a portion of the first pad 102 close to the substrate 101, and then the non-conductive material in an area defined by the first pads 102 on both sides is etched, so that a conductive surface is formed in the area defined by the first pads 102 on both sides, and a surface of the first pad 102 away from the substrate 101 is a non-conductive surface, during the electroplating process, a second conductive pattern can be electroplated by using the conductive surface as a cathode in the area defined by the first pads 102 on both sides, and the second conductive pattern cannot be electroplated on a surface of the first pad 102 away from the substrate 101.

It should be noted that the first boss 102 may be integrally formed with the substrate 101, or the first boss 102 and the substrate 101 are separately manufactured, and then the first boss 102 and the substrate 101 are fixedly connected together by using a glue layer or the like.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 21, the area of the cross section of the first groove 103 gradually decreases along the direction from the notch of the first groove 103 to the groove bottom, wherein the cross section of the first groove 103 is perpendicular to the stacking direction of the first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104, and further along the direction from the notch of the first groove 103 to the groove bottom, the area of the cross section of the second conductive pattern 104 is also gradually decreased, which is beneficial to reducing the light shielding and reducing the reflection.

Figure 22 is a schematic view of a second imprint template exemplarily provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of a third example imprint template provided by an example embodiment of the invention. Alternatively, as shown with reference to figures 22 and 23, the imprint template comprises the substrate 101 and a second stage 202 on the substrate 101. The number of the second lands 202 on the substrate 101 is not particularly limited. For example, in the imprint template shown in FIG. 22, there are two second mesas 202 on the substrate 101, and in the imprint template shown in FIG. 23, there are three second mesas 202 on the substrate 101. It should be noted that the substrate 101 and the second boss 202 may be formed in one step or separately, and this is not particularly limited in this embodiment. Referring to fig. 13 and 14, step A2 may include: a second conductive film layer 104 is formed on the side of the imprint template where the second mesas 202 are formed, and the portion of the second conductive film layer 104 on the second mesas 202 is a second conductive pattern. For forming the second conductive film layer 104 by deposition, electroplating, or the like, the height difference between the second bump 202 and the substrate 101 may be utilized to disconnect a portion of the second conductive film layer 104 located on the second bump 202 from a portion located on the substrate 101, on one hand, after the second conductive pattern 104 is aligned with the first conductive pattern 321 or a region of the first conductive film layer 321 where an electrode is to be disposed, it may be ensured that only the portion located on the second bump 202 is in contact with the first conductive pattern 321, which facilitates alignment of the second conductive pattern 104 with the first conductive pattern 321, and at the same time, the portion of the second conductive film layer 104 located on the substrate 101 is not in contact with the first conductive pattern 321 or the region of the first conductive film layer 321 where the electrode is to be disposed, which may reduce contamination to the first conductive film layer 321 or the solar cell body, on the other hand, only the second bump 202 in the imprint template is in indirect contact with the first conductive film layer 321 or the solar cell body, which facilitates removal of the imprint template.

Here, the second conductive film layer 104 may be a metal foil, and the step A3 may be: a metal foil is laid on the side of the imprint template on which the second lands 202 are formed, and the portion of the metal foil that is located on the second lands 202 is the second conductive pattern 104. The portion outside the second bump 202 may be attached to the substrate 101 by lamination or the like, thereby preventing displacement of the metal foil. For example, the metal foil can be pressed by a roller, and after the pressing, the surface of the metal foil can be cleaned, so that the pollution of pressing substances to the surface of the metal foil is reduced, and the like. In the embodiment of the present invention, this is not particularly limited. Similarly, by attaching the portion of the metal foil outside the second bump 202 to the substrate 101, after the second conductive pattern 104 is aligned with the first conductive pattern 321 or the area of the first conductive film 321 where the electrode is to be disposed, only the portion of the second bump 202 is ensured to be in contact with the first conductive pattern 321, which is beneficial to the alignment of the second conductive pattern 104 with the first conductive pattern 321, and meanwhile, the portion of the second conductive film 104 on the substrate 101 is not in contact with the first conductive pattern 321 or the area of the first conductive film 321 where the electrode is to be disposed, which can reduce the contamination to the first conductive film 321 or the solar cell body. At this time, the portion of the metal foil located on the second boss 202 and the portion located outside the second boss 202 may not be broken before welding and may be broken after welding. The material of the metal foil may be the same as that of the second conductive pattern 104, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted to avoid repetition. For example, the metal foil may be a copper foil or the like.

The surface of the second boss 202 away from the substrate 101 may have small burrs or the like, and the small burrs or the like may hang the metal foil, so that the second conductive pattern is not prone to position shift or the like during alignment welding of the second conductive pattern and the first conductive pattern or the region of the first conductive film layer where the electrode is to be disposed. The material of the metal foil here is the same as or similar to that of the aforementioned second conductive pattern. For example, the metal foil may be a copper foil.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 22 or 23, the surface of the second boss 202 away from the substrate 101 is planar, and the surface of the second conductive pattern 104 thus formed adjacent to the second boss 202 is also planar.

Alternatively, optionally, the side of the second lands 202 facing away from the substrate 101 comprises second grooves (not shown in the figures) for forming a second conductive pattern on the imprint template, comprising: a second conductive pattern is formed in the second recess where the surface of the second recess on the first land 202 serves as a grid line pattern. For example, the area of the cross section of the second groove gradually decreases in the direction approaching the substrate 101, and further, the cross section of the portion of the second conductive pattern 104 away from the solar cell body in the finally formed solar cell gradually decreases in the direction away from the solar cell body, and reflection and shading can be reduced. Here, the second conductive pattern is flush with the notch of the second groove, or protrudes from the second groove.

Optionally, the imprint template includes a substrate, and the step A2 may include: and laying a metal foil on the substrate, and patterning the metal foil to form a second conductive pattern. That is, a metal foil is laid on the substrate in a whole layer and then patterned by laser etching or the like to form the second conductive pattern. The material of the metal foil and the like may also be the same as the material of the second conductive pattern 104 or the second conductive film layer 104, and will not be described herein again to avoid repetition.

Optionally, before the step A2, the method may further include: several metal foil patterns are provided. The imprint template may comprise several adsorption regions, and the step A2 may comprise: and aligning at least one adsorption area and one metal foil pattern, and adsorbing the metal foil pattern on the adsorption area to form a second conductive pattern on the imprinting template. For example, an imprint template may include a substrate and a number of adsorption regions spaced apart on the substrate. At least one adsorption area and one metal foil pattern are aligned, and the metal foil pattern is adsorbed on the adsorption area to form a second conductive pattern on the substrate. The suction area may here be located in a local area on one surface of the substrate. Alternatively, for example, the substrate has lands and the lands have suction areas, at least one of the suction areas on the lands and one of the metal foil patterns are aligned, and the metal foil pattern is sucked onto the suction areas to form the second conductive patterns on the lands of the substrate. For the alignment, reference may be made to the foregoing alignment definition, and details will not be repeated here to avoid redundancy.

For example, the substrate may have a hollow structure, and a vacuum adsorption member, a magnet, or the like may be partially disposed in the hollow structure of the substrate, so that the metal foil pattern is adsorbed by the vacuum adsorption member, the magnet, or the like. In the examples of the present invention, the specific adsorption method and the like are not particularly limited.

Fig. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth HJT solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Alternatively, referring to fig. 24, the second conductive pattern 104 may also be a metal wire 1044, and the shape, size, and the like of the metal wire 1044 are not particularly limited. For example, the wire 1044 can have a wire diameter of 10 to 50 microns and a length of 10 to 1000 microns. The material of the metal wire 1044 may be the same as the material of the second conductive pattern, which is not described herein again. For example, the metal wires 1044 may be made of copper, aluminum, or the like.

Optionally, referring to fig. 24, the surface of the metal wire 1044 may be further coated with a coating 1045, and the material of the coating 1045 may include: nickel, tin, and the like, and the coating 1045 of the above materials has excellent conductivity, and can appropriately reduce the contact resistance and the like between the metal wire 1044 and the first conductive pattern 321 or the first conductive film layer 321. The thickness of the coating 1045 is not particularly limited, and for example, the thickness of the coating 1045 may be 1 to 10 micrometers.

The metal lines may be disposed in the first groove 103 or the second groove of the imprinting stamp, and may be caught, and after the metal lines are caught, the metal lines may be flush with the notches of the first groove 103 and the second groove, or the metal lines may protrude from the notches of the first groove 103 and the second groove, so as to form the second conductive pattern on the imprinting stamp.

In addition, if the entire metal foil is laid on the solar cell body, the metal foil may be partially damaged at the boundary of the soldering due to the high temperature of the soldering during the soldering process after the soldering. Therefore, the manner of removing the region other than the electrode in the metal foil may be: the air flow blows away, or the viscous material sticks away, which is not limited in this embodiment.

Example two

The second embodiment provides another solar cell, which includes a solar cell body, and a positive electrode and a negative electrode disposed on the solar cell body; the structure of the positive electrode and the structure of the negative electrode can be the same or different. The electrode of the solar cell (which may be a positive electrode or a negative electrode) includes: a second conductive pattern stacked on the solar cell body; wherein the second conductive pattern is soldered on the solar cell body.

The solar cell body refers to the related descriptions in the first embodiment, and is not repeated herein to avoid repetition. For example, the solar cell body may be a silicon substrate, and if a passivation layer is further disposed on the solar cell body, the passivation layer may be grooved to expose the silicon substrate.

The second conductive pattern is welded on the solar cell body, the welding process is simple and mature, and mass production is easy to realize. Meanwhile, welding has the characteristics of low bonding temperature and high bonding strength, and the low bonding temperature can enable the solar cell body to be subjected to smaller heat influence and has small influence on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. The high bonding strength can make the reliability of the electrodes of the solar cell good. In the welding process, the material of the second conductive pattern can be welded with the solar cell body, the welding process is not limited to silver paste, the material selectivity is high, compared with the silver paste, the cost can be properly reduced by selecting copper, tin and the like, the silver paste is granular, the contact between silver granules is less, the silver paste contains organic components, the organic components can influence the contact between the silver granules, the resistivity of the silver paste electrode is higher, and the conductivity is poor. In addition, since the second conductive pattern 104 may not be formed on the solar cell body, the formation process of the second conductive pattern has little or no influence on the solar cell body, and mass production is easily achieved, and the production cost can be reduced.

The material of the second conductive pattern is not particularly limited, and may be a material that can be welded to the solar cell body. For example, the material of the second conductive pattern may include nickel, aluminum, for example, the material of the second conductive pattern may be elemental nickel or a nickel alloy, or the material of the second conductive pattern may be aluminum. The material of the second conductive pattern can be welded with the solar cell body at the temperature of about 800-900 ℃, the welding process is simple and mature, and mass production is easy to realize. Meanwhile, the combination temperature of about 800-900 ℃ causes the solar cell body to be less affected by heat. And the welding bonding strength is high, so that the reliability of the electrode of the solar cell is good.

Meanwhile, compared with screen printing, the second conductive pattern can be welded with the solar cell body, and is not limited to silver paste, so that the cost can be properly reduced. Moreover, compared with laser transfer printing, the second conductive pattern and the solar cell body are welded together, the welding process is mature, the process difficulty is relatively low, and the production efficiency can be properly improved. Compared with electroplating, the second conductive pattern and the solar cell body are welded together, the solar cell body does not have the process problems of winding plating and the like, the yield and the reliability are good, and mass production is easy to realize.

Optionally, the shape, thickness, structural composition, and the like of the second conductive pattern in the second embodiment can be obtained by referring to the related descriptions in the first embodiment, and the same or similar beneficial effects can be achieved.

Optionally, the solar cell may further include: a control diffusion pattern between the second conductive pattern and the solar cell body, the control diffusion pattern for: the thickness of the alloy formed in the welding of the second conductive pattern and the solar cell body is controlled to obtain an ideal interface alloy region, and possible influence on the solar cell body during the welding process can be avoided. For the materials and structures of the diffusion-controlling pattern, reference may be made to the related descriptions in the first embodiment, and the same or similar advantageous effects may be achieved.

The second embodiment further provides a method for manufacturing a solar cell, which may be used to manufacture the solar cell in the second embodiment, and fig. 25 is a flowchart of steps of another method for manufacturing a solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 25, the method for manufacturing the solar cell includes the steps of:

step S1, a second conductive pattern is formed on the imprint template.

Step S1 can refer to the related descriptions in the first embodiment, and can achieve the same or similar beneficial effects, and is not repeated herein for avoiding repetition.

And S2, aligning the second conductive pattern with the area of the solar cell body where the electrode is to be formed, and welding the second conductive pattern on the area of the solar cell body where the electrode is to be formed.

For the alignment in step S2, reference may also be made to the related descriptions in the first embodiment, and details are not repeated here to avoid repetition. Step S2 effects the transfer of the second conductive pattern onto the solar cell body,

and S3, removing the imprinting template.

Step S3 may refer to the related descriptions in the first embodiment, and may achieve the same or similar beneficial effects, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted here for avoiding repetition.

Optionally, before welding, the method may further include: and annealing the imprinting template with the second conductive pattern, so that the second conductive pattern is recrystallized to eliminate stress. The annealing temperature, annealing time, annealing manner, etc. can all be referred to the related descriptions in the first embodiment, and can achieve the same or similar beneficial effects, and are not repeated herein for avoiding repetition.

Optionally, before welding, the method may further include: forming a diffusion control pattern on the second conductive pattern, and/or forming a diffusion control pattern on a region of the solar cell body where the electrode is to be formed. The diffusion-controlling pattern is used to control the thickness of the alloy formed in the soldering of the second conductive pattern and the region of the solar cell body where the electrode is to be formed, to obtain a desired soldered alloy region. Regarding the materials, structures, forming manners, etc. of the diffusion control patterns, reference may be made to the related descriptions in the first embodiment, and the same or similar advantageous effects may be achieved.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 21, the imprint template includes the first groove 103, and as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the foregoing step S1 may include: a second conductive pattern 104 is formed in the first recess 103 of the imprint template. The second conductive pattern 104 is flush with the surface of the imprinting template on the side provided with the first groove 103, or protrudes from the surface of the imprinting template on the side provided with the first groove 103. The second conductive patterns formed in the first grooves 103 of the imprinting stamp can be obtained by referring to the related descriptions in the first embodiment, and the same or similar advantages can be achieved, so that the details are not repeated herein to avoid repetition.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 21, the imprint template further includes a substrate 101, the first recess 103 being disposed on the substrate 101, and the imprint template further includes a first mesa 102 disposed on the substrate 101 and located at an edge of the first recess 103. The step S1 may include: a second conductive pattern 104 is formed in the first groove 103 and in the region defined by the first land 102. The second conductive pattern 104 is flush with the surface of the first boss 102 away from the substrate 101, or protrudes from the surface of the first boss 102 away from the substrate 101. Here, reference may also be made to the related descriptions in the foregoing first embodiment, and the same or similar beneficial effects can be achieved, so that details are not repeated herein to avoid repetition.

Optionally, referring to fig. 21, in a direction from the notch of the first groove 103 to the bottom of the groove, the area of the cross section of the first groove 103 is gradually reduced, wherein the cross section of the first groove 103 is perpendicular to the stacking direction of the second conductive pattern and the solar cell body, and further, in the direction from the notch of the first groove 103 to the bottom of the groove, the area of the cross section of the formed second conductive pattern is also gradually reduced, which is beneficial to reducing shading and reducing reflection. Reference may also be made to the related descriptions in the first embodiment for achieving the same or similar advantages, and further description is omitted here for avoiding redundancy.

Alternatively, as shown with reference to figures 22 and 23, the imprint template comprises the substrate 101 and a second stage 202 on the substrate 101. The number of the second lands 202 on the substrate 101 is not particularly limited. Referring to fig. 13 and 14, the step S1 may include: a second conductive pattern is formed on the side of the imprint template where the second lands 202 are formed. The manner of forming the second conductive pattern, the number of the second bosses, and the like, all of which refer to the related descriptions in the first embodiment, and can achieve the same or similar beneficial effects, and are not repeated herein for the sake of avoiding repetition.

Optionally, a surface of the second boss 202 away from the substrate 101 is a plane, or, optionally, a side of the second boss 202 away from the substrate 101 includes a second groove (not shown in the figure), wherein the second conductive pattern 104 is flush with a notch of the second groove, or protrudes out of the second groove. Here, reference may be made to the relevant descriptions in the first embodiment, and the same or similar beneficial effects may be achieved, so that the details are not repeated herein to avoid redundancy.

Alternatively, as shown with reference to figures 22 and 23, the imprint template comprises a substrate 101. The step S1 may include: and laying metal foil on the substrate, and patterning the metal foil to form a second conductive pattern. Here, reference may be made to the relevant descriptions in the first embodiment, and the same or similar beneficial effects may be achieved, so that the details are not repeated herein to avoid redundancy.

Optionally, before the step S1, the method may further include: several metal foil patterns are provided. The imprint template may include a plurality of adsorption regions, and the step S1 may include: and aligning at least one adsorption area and one metal foil pattern, and adsorbing the metal foil pattern on the adsorption area to form a second conductive pattern on the imprinting template. For example, an imprint template may include a substrate and a number of adsorption regions spaced apart on the substrate. The step S1 may include: at least one adsorption area and one metal foil pattern are aligned, and the metal foil pattern is adsorbed on the adsorption area to form a second conductive pattern on the substrate. Alternatively, for example, lands are provided on the substrate, suction regions are provided on the lands, at least one suction region on the land is aligned with one of the metal foil patterns, and the metal foil pattern is sucked onto the suction regions to form the second conductive pattern on the lands of the substrate. Here, reference may be made to the relevant descriptions in the first embodiment, and the same or similar beneficial effects may be achieved, so that the details are not repeated herein to avoid redundancy.

Fig. 26 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Alternatively, referring to fig. 26, the material of the second conductive pattern 104 is aluminum, and the second conductive pattern 104 contacts with the silicon substrate 305 in the solar cell body. The aforementioned step S2 may include: in the process of soldering the second conductive pattern 104 to the region of the solar cell body where the electrode is to be formed, a portion of aluminum in the second conductive pattern 104 is diffused into the region of the silicon substrate 305 where the electrode is to be formed to dope the region of the silicon substrate 305 where the electrode is to be formed to form the P-type doped region 3051, and the remaining portion of the second conductive pattern 104 serves as the electrode. That is, by means of the shape of the second conductive pattern 104 of the aluminum material and the distribution position on the solar cell body, and at the same time, by means of the temperature during the soldering process, in the process of transferring the second conductive pattern 104 of the aluminum material to the solar cell body, the local P-type doping of the silicon substrate 305 is simultaneously achieved, and thus the step of specially performing the local P-type doping is not required, and the production efficiency can be improved. A portion of the aluminum in the second conductive pattern 104 diffuses into the region of the silicon substrate 305 where the electrode is to be formed, centered on the contact position of the second conductive pattern with the silicon substrate 305. Note that, the concentration of the P-type dopant formed by diffusing a portion of the aluminum in the second conductive pattern 104 into the region of the silicon substrate 305 where the electrode is to be formed is not particularly limited.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 26, the aforementioned second conductive pattern 104 of aluminum material may also be an aluminum metal wire 1044, and the shape, size, and the like of the aluminum metal wire 1044 are not particularly limited.

Optionally, the step S1 may include: at least two layers of aluminum conductive electronic patterns are formed on the imprinting stamp in a stacked arrangement. Since the aluminum conductive sub-pattern on the side of the second conductive pattern 104 away from the stamp plate is in direct contact with the silicon substrate 305 during the alignment of the second conductive pattern 104 with the region of the solar cell body where the electrode is to be formed, the aluminum conductive sub-pattern on the side of the second conductive pattern 104 away from the stamp plate may be partially diffused into the silicon substrate 305 or may not be diffused into the silicon substrate 305 during the diffusion of part of the aluminum in the aluminum second conductive pattern 104 into the silicon substrate 305, and in the case of a certain amount of soldering heat, the remaining aluminum conductive sub-pattern may be partially diffused into the silicon substrate 305 or may not be diffused into the silicon substrate 305, that is, the aluminum conductive sub-pattern on the side away from the stamp plate during the diffusion is equivalent to properly protecting the remaining aluminum conductive sub-pattern, so that the remaining aluminum conductive sub-pattern may be less diffused and the shape of the remaining aluminum conductive sub-pattern may be less deformed, and the remaining aluminum conductive sub-pattern serves as an electrode, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the formed electrode.

For example, referring to fig. 26, the aluminum conductive sub-pattern may also be an aluminum metal wire 1044, and the shape, size, etc. of the aluminum metal wire 1044 are not particularly limited. The aluminum conductive sub-pattern on the side of the second conductive pattern 104 remote from the imprint template may be an aluminum paste sub-pattern 1046. In the process of soldering, the aluminum paste sub-pattern 1046 on the side of the aluminum metal line 1044 away from the imprint template directly contacts the silicon substrate 305, so that in the process of diffusing part of the aluminum in the second conductive pattern 104 of the aluminum material to the silicon substrate 305, the aluminum paste sub-pattern 1046 preferentially diffuses to the silicon substrate 305, and under the condition of a certain soldering heat, the aluminum metal line 1044 may partially diffuse to the silicon substrate 305 and may not diffuse to the silicon substrate 305, that is, in the diffusion process, the aluminum paste sub-pattern 1046 on the side away from the imprint template is equivalent to properly protecting the aluminum metal line 1044, so that the diffusion of the aluminum metal line 1044 is reduced, and further the shape deformation of the aluminum metal line 1044 is reduced, and the subsequent aluminum metal line 1044 serves as an electrode, which can ensure the accuracy of the formed electrode.

The invention will now be further explained with reference to more detailed examples.

As shown in fig. 4, the second conductive sub-pattern 1041 is a tin conductive sub-pattern with a thickness of 1um, the second conductive sub-pattern 1042 is a copper conductive sub-pattern with a thickness of 12um, and the second conductive sub-pattern 1043 is a tin conductive sub-pattern with a thickness of 0.5 um. The second conductive sub-pattern 1041, the second conductive sub-pattern 1042 and the second conductive sub-pattern 1043 are prepared by deposition and patterning.

In fig. 4, the first conductive pattern 321 is a copper conductive pattern with a thickness of 20nm, and the first conductive pattern 321 is deposited. The adhesive pattern 311 was a titanium pattern with a thickness of 10nm, and the adhesive pattern 311 was also deposited. The first conductive pattern 321 and the second conductive pattern 104 are soldered together.

It should be noted that the solar cell, the preparation method of the solar cell and the cell module can be referred to each other, and the same or similar beneficial effects can be achieved.

It should be noted that for simplicity of description, the method embodiments are described as a series of acts, but those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments are not limited by the described order of acts, as some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to the embodiments. Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are presently preferred and that no particular act is required to implement the embodiments of the application.

It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a component of' 8230; \8230;" does not exclude the presence of another like element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a solar cell, comprising:

forming a second conductive pattern on the imprint template;

removing the imprinting template;

the forming a first conductive film layer on the solar cell body, after the removing the imprint template, the method further comprises: and removing the part of the first conductive film layer except the region where the electrode is to be formed to form a first conductive pattern.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to soldering, the method further comprises:

annealing the imprint template on which the second conductive pattern is formed, so that the second conductive pattern is recrystallized.

3. The method of manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein before soldering, the method further comprises:

forming a flux pattern on the second conductive pattern;

and/or forming a soldering flux pattern on the first conductive pattern or the area of the first conductive film layer where the electrode is to be formed.

4. The method of manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein prior to soldering, the method further comprises:

forming a diffusion-controlling pattern on the first conductive pattern or an area of the first conductive film layer where an electrode is to be formed; and/or forming a diffusion control pattern on the second conductive pattern;

5. The method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein before the forming the first conductive pattern or the first conductive film layer on the solar cell body, the method further comprises:

the method further comprises the following steps of forming an adhesive film layer on the solar cell body, and after removing the imprinting template: and removing the part of the bonding film layer except the region where the electrode is to be formed to form the bonding pattern.

6. The method of manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the imprint template includes a first groove; the forming of the second conductive pattern on the imprint template includes:

forming the second conductive pattern in the first groove of the imprinting template;

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the imprint template comprises a substrate, the first groove is disposed on the substrate, and the imprint template further comprises a first boss disposed on the substrate and located at an edge of the first groove; the forming of the second conductive pattern in the first groove of the imprint template includes:

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the area of the cross section of the first groove is gradually reduced in a direction from the notch of the first groove to the groove bottom; wherein the cross section is perpendicular to a stacking direction of the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern.

9. The method of manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the imprint template includes a substrate and second bosses provided on the substrate;

the forming a second conductive pattern on the imprint template includes:

and forming a second conductive film layer on one side of the imprinting template on which the second boss is formed, wherein the second conductive pattern is a part of the second conductive film layer, which is positioned on the second boss.

10. The method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 9,

the surface of the second boss far away from the substrate is a plane;

or one side of the second boss, which is far away from the substrate, comprises a second groove, wherein the second conductive pattern is flush with a notch of the second groove, or protrudes out of the second groove.

11. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the imprint template comprises a substrate, and the forming of the second conductive pattern on the imprint template comprises:

12. The method of manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein before forming the second conductive pattern on the imprint template, the method further comprises:

providing a plurality of metal foil patterns;

13. A solar cell, comprising:

a solar cell body;

14. The solar cell of claim 13, wherein the first conductive pattern is proximate to the solar cell body relative to the second conductive pattern;

in the direction far away from the solar cell body, the area of the cross section of the second conductive pattern or a partial region far away from the solar cell body in the second conductive pattern is gradually reduced; wherein the cross section is perpendicular to a stacking direction of the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern.

15. The solar cell according to claim 14, wherein the shape of a longitudinal section of the second conductive pattern or a partial region of the second conductive pattern away from the solar cell body is a triangle, a trapezoid, or a figure formed by a segment of a circular arc and a line segment connecting two end points of the circular arc, and the length of the line segment is smaller than or equal to the diameter of a circle corresponding to the circular arc; wherein the longitudinal section is parallel to a lamination direction of the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern.

16. The solar cell of any of claims 13-15, further comprising: and the bonding pattern is arranged between the first conductive pattern and the solar cell body and is used for improving the bonding force between the first conductive pattern and the solar cell body.

17. The solar cell of any of claims 13-15, further comprising: a control diffusion pattern disposed between the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern, the control diffusion pattern for controlling a thickness of an alloy formed in the welding of the second conductive pattern and the first conductive pattern.

18. The solar cell of any of claims 13-15, further comprising: a flux pattern disposed between the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern.

19. The solar cell according to any of claims 13-15, characterised in that in the stacking direction of the first and second conductive patterns, the second conductive pattern consists of at least two layers of second conductive sub-patterns arranged one above the other.

20. A method for manufacturing a solar cell, comprising:

forming a second conductive pattern on the imprinting template;

aligning the second conductive pattern with an area of the solar cell body where an electrode is to be formed, and soldering the second conductive pattern to the area of the solar cell body where the electrode is to be formed;

and removing the imprinting template.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein prior to soldering, the method further comprises:

22. The method of manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 20 or 21, wherein prior to soldering, the method further comprises:

forming a control diffusion pattern on the second conductive pattern, and/or forming a control diffusion pattern on a region of the solar cell body where an electrode is to be formed;

23. The method of claim 20 or 21, wherein the imprint template comprises a first groove; the forming of the second conductive pattern on the imprint template includes:

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the imprint template comprises a substrate, the first recess is disposed on the substrate, and the imprint template further comprises a first boss disposed on the substrate and at an edge of the first recess; the forming of the second conductive pattern within the first recess of the imprint template includes:

25. The method of claim 23, wherein the area of the cross section of the first groove gradually decreases in a direction from the notch of the first groove to the bottom of the groove; wherein the cross section is perpendicular to a stacking direction of the second conductive pattern and the solar cell body.

26. The method of claim 20 or 21, wherein the imprint template comprises a substrate and second mesas on the substrate;

the forming a second conductive pattern on the imprint template includes:

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the surface of the second boss remote from the substrate is planar; or one side, far away from the substrate, of the second boss comprises a second groove, wherein the second conductive pattern is flush with a notch of the second groove, or protrudes out of the second groove.

28. The method of claim 20 or 21, wherein the imprint template comprises a substrate, and wherein the forming of the second conductive pattern on the imprint template comprises:

29. The method of fabricating a solar cell according to claim 20 or 21, wherein prior to forming the second conductive pattern on the imprint template, the method further comprises:

providing a plurality of metal foil patterns;

30. The method of claim 20 or 21, wherein the material of the second conductive pattern is aluminum, and the second conductive pattern contacts with a silicon substrate in the solar cell body;

31. A solar cell, comprising:

a solar cell body;

and a second conductive pattern disposed on the solar cell body;

wherein the second conductive pattern is soldered on the solar cell body.

32. The solar cell according to claim 31, wherein the second conductive pattern or a partial region of the second conductive pattern remote from the solar cell body has a cross-sectional area gradually decreasing in a direction away from the solar cell body; wherein the cross section is perpendicular to a stacking direction of the second conductive pattern and the solar cell body.

33. The solar cell according to claim 32, wherein the shape of a longitudinal section of the second conductive pattern or a partial region of the second conductive pattern away from the solar cell body is a triangle, a trapezoid, or a figure formed by a segment of a circular arc and a line segment connecting two end points of the circular arc, and the length of the line segment is less than or equal to the diameter of a circle corresponding to the circular arc; wherein the longitudinal section is parallel to a stacking direction of the second conductive pattern and the solar cell body.

34. The solar cell of any one of claims 31-33, further comprising: a control diffusion pattern disposed between the second conductive pattern and the solar cell body, the control diffusion pattern for controlling a thickness of an alloy formed in the welding of the second conductive pattern and the solar cell body.

35. The solar cell according to any of claims 31-33, wherein in the stacking direction of the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern, the second conductive pattern consists of at least two layers of second conductive sub-patterns arranged in a stack.

36. A battery assembly is characterized by comprising a first packaging adhesive film, a solar battery string and a second packaging adhesive film which are sequentially stacked; the solar cell string is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of solar cells in series;

wherein the solar cell is as claimed in any one of claims 13-19, 31-35.