CN115205433B - Three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on glTF model and building contour expansion - Google Patents
Three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on glTF model and building contour expansion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on a glTF model and building contour expansion, which comprises the following steps: acquiring building outline data, and arranging the side surfaces of the buildings according to the building outline data; setting an expansion step length and a maximum expansion distance; expanding the side surfaces of each building according to the arrangement sequence, and gradually expanding the side surfaces of the buildings by adopting the same expansion step length; calculating the shielding rate of the building side by the glTF model, and calculating a loss function according to the shielding rate; obtaining the optimal expansion distance of each building side according to the loss function; and expanding the building according to the optimal expansion distance. According to the method, the side faces of the building are gradually expanded, the optimal expansion distance of each side face of the building is obtained by calculating the loss function, and the building is expanded according to the optimal expansion distance, so that the outline of the building is expanded and is not shielded by the glTF model during rendering. The method can be widely applied to the field of three-dimensional rendering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of three-dimensional rendering, in particular to a three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on a glTF model and building contour expansion.
Background
The glTF is a data format for three-dimensional rendering for efficient transmission and loading of three-dimensional scenes and models by a three-dimensional rendering engine and an application. The glTF is called "JPEG in 3D world", uses a better data structure, and is very suitable for rendering based on the OpenGL engine. The real-scene three-dimensional model data of the city is generally stored in a b3dm format, and the glTF data format is referred to in the b3dm city model data for storage.
In the field of three-dimensional rendering of noise maps, noise value data on the side of a building needs to be converted into color value data for rendering. Because the three-dimensional model data of the urban live-action adopts the glTF data format, the urban model is segmented and stored by using the triangular surface, the division of the triangular surface is irregular, and the noise data of the noise map building is distributed perpendicular to the ground and is regularly gridded, so in the scene of combined rendering of the building noise data and the three-dimensional model data of the urban live-action, the building noise data and the noise data of the noise map cannot be well combined together, and the situation that the noise data of the building noise data of the noise map is blocked by the three-dimensional model data of the urban live-action usually occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art to a certain extent, the invention aims to provide a three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on a glTF model and building contour expansion.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on a glTF model and building contour expansion comprises the following steps:
acquiring building outline data, and arranging the side surfaces of the buildings according to the building outline data;
setting an expansion step length and a maximum expansion distance;
expanding the side surfaces of each building according to the arrangement sequence, and gradually expanding the side surfaces of the buildings by adopting the same expansion step length;
calculating the shielding rate of the building side by the glTF model, and calculating a loss function according to the shielding rate;
obtaining the optimal expansion distance of each building side according to the loss function;
expanding the building according to the optimal expansion distance;
wherein, the coordinate system of the glTF model and the coordinate system of the building are the same coordinate system.
Further, the building outline data is stored by adopting a storage mode of a shape file, and comprises at least one of a building id, a building height or a building altitude;
the storage format of the glTF model conforms to the general glTF data format specification, and on the basis, the realistic three-dimensional model is divided into a plurality of spatial triangular surfaces for storage.
Further, the arranging the building side according to the building outline data comprises
Arranging the side surfaces of the buildings according to a clockwise sequence, and naming the building surfaces according to a sequence。
The method comprises the following steps of expanding the side surfaces of each building according to the arrangement sequence, and gradually expanding the side surfaces of the buildings by adopting the same expansion step length, and comprises the following steps:
one side face of the current building is expanded in parallel one in each expansionDistance, keeping the shape and area of the side surface of the building unchanged until the total distance of expansion is greater than。
Further, the direction vector of each expansion is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,to expand the X-component of the direction vector,to expand the Y component of the direction vector,to extend the Z component of the direction vector,the X component of the base vector of the current building side,is the Y component of the vector of the bottom edge of the side face of the current building;
assume that the current building side is numberediThe coordinate values of the bottom edge of the building outline are respectively as follows:
Further, the calculating the shielding rate of the building side by the glTF model includes:
gridding the expanded side surface of the building, judging whether each grid central point is shielded by the glTF model, counting the number of the grid central points shielded by the glTF model, and obtaining the shielding rate;
the occlusion rate is calculated as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,in order to obtain the shielding rate of the light,for the number of center points of the mesh that are occluded,the number of total center points of the grid.
Further, the determining whether the central point of each mesh is occluded by the glTF model includes:
making a vertical upward ray for the central point of each grid, acquiring the intersection times of the ray and each triangular surface of the glTF model, and if the intersection times are even numbers, judging that the ray is not shielded by the glTF model; and if the intersection times are odd times, judging that the model is blocked by the glTF model.
Further, the formula expression of the loss function is as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,the value is calculated for the loss function,in order to obtain the rate of occlusion,in order to expand the step size,in order to expand the times, the method comprises the following steps of,to expand the distance correlation coefficient.
Further, the obtaining the optimal expansion distance of each building side according to the loss function includes:
when the same expansion step length is adopted for the side face of the building to be gradually expanded, the loss function value is calculated once for each expansion, and the expansion distance when the loss function value of the side face of the building is minimum is takenAnd the optimal expansion distance is used as the optimal expansion distance of the side face of the current building.
Further, the expanding the building according to the optimal expanding distance includes:
and after each side face of the building is translated for the optimal expanding distance, each side face is extended according to the horizontal direction, so that each side face is intersected with the adjacent side face to form a new building side face, and a new building is formed.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a computer readable storage medium in which a processor executable program is stored, which when executed by a processor is for performing the method as described above.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the characteristics of the glTF model data and the building outline data are fully considered, the building side is gradually expanded, the optimal expansion distance of each building side is obtained by calculating the loss function, and finally the building is expanded according to the optimal expansion distance, so that the building outline is expanded and is not shielded by the glTF model during rendering.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description is made on the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention or the related technical solutions in the prior art, and it should be understood that the drawings in the following description are only for convenience and clarity of describing some embodiments in the technical solutions of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on a glTF model and building contour expansion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a building in an expanded example of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the building, the glTF model, and the extended building side in an example embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional view of a building before and after expansion in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The step numbers in the following embodiments are provided only for convenience of illustration, the order between the steps is not limited at all, and the execution order of each step in the embodiments can be adapted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings only for the convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the number, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the number. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specifically limited, terms such as set, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention by combining the specific contents of the technical solutions.
The invention aims to solve the problem that the building noise value data and the urban real-scene three-dimensional model data cannot be well combined for rendering, and the building outline of the noise map is expanded through a building outline expanding method based on a glTF model, so that the building noise value is not shielded by the urban real-scene three-dimensional model during three-dimensional rendering.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on a glTF model and building contour expansion, which can expand a building contour of a noise map in a scene rendered by combining building noise value data and city realistic three-dimensional model data, so that the building noise value is not blocked by the city realistic three-dimensional noise model. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, building outline data are obtained, and the side faces of the buildings are arranged according to the building outline data.
In this embodiment, the building outline data is stored in a shape file, and includes, but is not limited to, the following fields:
1) Building id: uniquely identifying a building;
2) Building height: the height of the building;
3) Altitude of the building: the elevation of the building floor.
Arranging the side surfaces of the buildings according to a clockwise sequence, and naming the building surfaces according to a sequence. FIG. 2 is a top view of a building, as shown in FIG. 2, where the building includes 4 sides, 4 building panels in this embodimentThe ordering has been done clockwise.
And S2, setting an expansion step length and a maximum expansion distance.
Setting the expansion step length asSetting the maximum extension distance as. In this embodiment, the step size is extendedAnd maximum distance of expansionAre all fixed values.
And S3, expanding the side faces of each building according to the arrangement sequence, and gradually expanding the side faces of the buildings by adopting the same expansion step length.
To each building side according to the arrangement orderCarrying out expansion in sequence; the side of the current building is expanded in parallel by one in each expansionDistance, keeping the shape and area of the side surface of the building unchanged until the total distance of expansion is greater than. The direction vector of each expansion is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,to expand the X-component of the direction vector,to extend the Y component of the direction vector,to extend the Z component of the direction vector,is the X component of the base vector of the current building side,is the Y component of the base vector of the current building side. Assume that the current building side number isiAssuming that the coordinate values of the bottom side of the building outline are respectively:
In this embodiment, the pairs are arranged in orderThe development is carried out, and through calculation,the direction vectors when the four sides are expanded are respectively as follows:。the four sides are required to be expanded for 2 times respectively, the side faces and the shape of the building are kept unchanged, the four sides are expanded once according to respective expansion direction vectors for the first time, the four sides are expanded once according to the respective expansion direction vectors for the second time on the basis of the first time, and the expansion distance exceeds the maximum expansion distance in the third time, so that the expansion cannot be continued.
And S4, calculating the shielding rate of the building side surface by the glTF model, and calculating a loss function according to the shielding rate.
And gridding the expanded side surface of the building, judging whether each grid central point is shielded by the glTF model, counting the number of the grid central points shielded by the glTF model, and acquiring the shielding rate. The occlusion rate is calculated as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,in order to obtain the rate of occlusion,for the number of center points of the mesh that are occluded,the number of total center points of the grid.
The judgment mode of whether each grid central point is shielded by the glTF model is as follows:
making a vertical upward ray for the central point of each grid, acquiring the intersection times of the ray and each triangular surface of the glTF model, and if the intersection times are even numbers, judging that the ray is not shielded by the glTF model; and if the intersection times are odd times, judging that the model is blocked by the glTF model.
The formula for the loss function is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,the value is calculated for the loss function,in order to obtain the rate of occlusion,in order to expand the step size,in order to expand the times, the method comprises the following steps of,to expand the distance correlation coefficient.
In this embodiment, the extended distance correlation coefficient is first setAnd then respectively calculating the shielding rates of the four sides of the building during the first expansion and the second expansion, and then calculating the loss function value. As shown in the figure 3 of the drawings,during the first expansion, the shielding rate is still 100%, the calculated loss function value is equal to 1.1, and during the second expansion, the shielding rate is 0%, and the calculated loss function value is equal to 0.2;during the first expansion, the shielding rate is 0%, and the calculated loss function value is equal to 0.1, and during the second expansion, the shielding rate is 0%, and the calculated loss function value is equal to 0.2;during the first expansion, the shielding rate is 0%, and the calculated loss function value is equal to 0.1, and during the second expansion, the shielding rate is 0%, and the calculated loss function value is equal to 0.2;during the first expansion, the shielding rate is still 100%, and the calculated loss function value is equal to 1.1, and during the second expansion, the shielding rate is 0%, and the calculated loss function value is equal to 0.2.
And S5, acquiring the optimal expansion distance of each building side according to the loss function.
When the same expansion step length is adopted for the side face of the building to be gradually expanded, the loss function value is calculated once every time the expansion is carried out, and the expansion distance when the loss function value of the side face of the building is minimum is takenAs optimum for the current building sideAnd expanding the distance.
In the present embodiment, the result is obtained according to step S4The optimal distance of expansion of (a) is 2 meters,the optimal distance of expansion of (a) is 1 meter,the optimal distance of propagation of (a) is 1 meter,the optimal distance of propagation of (a) is 2 meters.
And S6, expanding the building according to the optimal expansion distance.
And after each side face of the building is translated for the optimal expanding distance, each side face is extended according to the horizontal direction, so that each side face is intersected with the adjacent side face to form a new building side face, and a new building is formed.
In this embodiment, the side faceDeveloped by 2 m, side surfaceExtended 1 m, sideDeveloped by 1 meter, side faceAnd 2 m of expansion is carried out, each side surface is extended horizontally and is intersected with the adjacent side surface to form a new building side surface. As shown in fig. 4, (a) in fig. 4 is the building before expansion and is completely covered by the glTF model, and (b) in fig. 4 is the building after expansion and is not covered by the glTF model.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the embodiment has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the method fully considers the characteristics of the glTF model data and the building outline data, obtains the optimal expansion distance of each building side by gradually expanding the building sides and calculating the loss function, and finally expands the building according to the optimal expansion distance, so that the building outline is expanded and is not shielded by the glTF model during rendering. Moreover, the method of the embodiment is simple to operate and easy to realize.
In the foregoing description of the specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment/example," "another embodiment/example," or "certain embodiments/examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on a glTF model and building contour expansion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring building outline data, and arranging the side surfaces of the buildings according to the building outline data;
setting an expansion step length and a maximum expansion distance;
expanding the side surfaces of each building according to the arrangement sequence, and gradually expanding the side surfaces of the buildings by adopting the same expansion step length;
calculating the shielding rate of the side surface of the building by the glTF model, and calculating a loss function according to the shielding rate;
obtaining the optimal expansion distance of each building side according to the loss function;
expanding the building according to the optimal expansion distance;
wherein, the coordinate system of the glTF model and the coordinate system of the building are the same coordinate system.
2. The three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on the glTF model and building contour propagation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the building contour data is stored in a form of a shape file, and the building contour data includes at least one of a building id, a building height or a building altitude;
the storage format of the glTF model conforms to the general glTF data format specification.
3. The three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on the glTF model and building contour propagation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said arranging the building side according to the building contour data comprises
4. The three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on the glTF model and building contour extension as claimed in claim 3, wherein the extension step is as followsThe maximum extension distance is;
The expanding is carried out on the side face of each building according to the arrangement sequence, and the expanding is carried out on the side face of each building step by adopting the same expanding step length, and the expanding method comprises the following steps:
5. The three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on the glTF model and building contour expansion according to claim 4, wherein the direction vector of each expansion is:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,to expand the X component of the direction vector,to expand the Y component of the direction vector,to extend the Z component of the direction vector,the X component of the base vector of the current building side,is the Y component of the base vector of the current building side.
6. The three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on the glTF model and building contour expansion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculating the shielding rate of the building side by the glTF model includes:
gridding the expanded side surface of the building, judging whether each grid central point is shielded by the glTF model, counting the number of the grid central points shielded by the glTF model, and obtaining the shielding rate;
the occlusion rate is calculated as follows:
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the determining whether each grid center point is blocked by the glTF model comprises:
making a vertical upward ray for the central point of each grid, acquiring the intersection times of the ray and each triangular surface of the glTF model, and if the intersection times are even numbers, judging that the ray is not shielded by the glTF model; and if the intersection times are odd times, judging that the model is blocked by the glTF model.
8. The three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on the glTF model and building contour expansion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formula of the penalty function is expressed as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,the value is calculated for the loss function,in order to obtain the shielding rate of the light,in order to expand the step size,in order to expand the times, the method comprises the following steps,to expand the distance correlation coefficient.
9. The three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on the glTF model and the building contour extension according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining the optimal extension distance of each building side according to the loss function comprises:
when the side of the building is gradually expanded by adopting the same expansion step length, the meter is counted once per expansionCalculating a loss function value once, and taking the expansion distance when the loss function value on the side surface of the building is minimumAnd the optimal expansion distance is used as the optimal expansion distance of the side face of the current building.
10. The three-dimensional rendering fusion method based on the glTF model and building contour propagation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said propagating the building according to the optimal propagation distance comprises:
and after each side face of the building is translated for the optimal expanding distance, each side face is extended according to the horizontal direction, so that each side face is intersected with the adjacent side face to form a new building side face, and a new building is formed.
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