CN104183016A - Method for rapidly constructing 2.5-dimensional building model - Google Patents
Method for rapidly constructing 2.5-dimensional building model Download PDFInfo
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- CN104183016A CN104183016A CN201410452901.4A CN201410452901A CN104183016A CN 104183016 A CN104183016 A CN 104183016A CN 201410452901 A CN201410452901 A CN 201410452901A CN 104183016 A CN104183016 A CN 104183016A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of geographic information, in particular to a method for rapidly constructing a 2.5-dimensional building model. The method for rapidly constructing the 2.5-dimensional building model includes the steps that corresponding coordinates of geographical coordinates on a map are calculated by obtaining the feature geographical coordinates and the building height of a building, the height offset direction and the offset distance are determined according to the feature geographical coordinates, the building height and coordinates of an observation point, then the lateral sides and the top side of the building are drawn, and drawing of the map is accordingly completed. Compared with the prior art that a two-dimensional map can not show the sufficient space sense, and although a three-dimensional map can show the sufficient space sense, the size of data needing to be processed is greatly increased, the method for rapidly constructing the 2.5-dimensional building model has the advantages that a three-dimensional image can be displayed on a planar map drawing board, and the data number of image drawing is also decreased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geographical information technology field, in particular to a kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast.
Background technology
Developing rapidly and merging along with modern survey and draw technology, computer technology, network communications technology and internet, the application relevant to geographical space rapidly increases, and electronic chart is just becoming the indispensable basic information resources in field such as service for life, E-Government, ecommerce, virtual community, wisdom city.
In correlation technique, electronic chart, from the mode of its displaying, can be divided into two classes, and the first kind is two-dimensional map, and Equations of The Second Kind is three-dimensional map.Map Service be take two-dimensional map as main, and space orientation and the basic query search function to architecture information are provided, and has met to a certain extent the user demand of people to geospatial information.Two-dimensional electron map adopts the mode of three kinds of graphical symbol stacks of point, line, surface to show building, its observation angle is the observation to carry out according to the depression angle of air to surface of height, and the content of observing is shown on map intuitively, wherein " content " comprises the geographic object such as settlement place, water system, traffic, vegetation, place name.Figure and the render speed of Two-dimensional electron map are fast, can provide, and adapt to most of geographical information products to the inquiry of locus, analysis and regulatory requirement, but because it lacks the spatial impression (there is no stereoscopic sensation) of real world, cause map products scene intuitive to be experienced not enough, and by two-dimensional symensional symbolization, express geographic object, also cannot meet people's the cognitive sense of three dimensions, also just can not complete three-dimensional DATA REASONING according to two-dimensional map.
Accordingly, in order to strengthen the realistic space sense (stereoscopic sensation) of map, the electronic three-dimensional map of the second type has produced accordingly, by geographical space outdoor scene analog representation mode intuitively, has represented more intuitively, really real scene.But electronic three-dimensional map need to be made a large amount of three-dimensional models, according to gathering photo, each building is carried out careful pinup picture and need to truly be played up by three-dimensional software, handled data volume is larger, fabrication cycle is longer, Expenses Cost is high, and shared resource is larger when Internet Transmission and rendering model, cannot adapt to preferably the map application demand in mobile Internet.
In sum, existing map cannot be in the situation that making map have spatial impression, the data volume of processing while simultaneously reducing the drafting of map.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast, to solve the above problems.
A kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models is fast provided in an embodiment of the present invention, has comprised:
Obtain feature geographic coordinate and the building height of building;
According to feature geographic coordinate, building height and default observation point coordinate, calculate the offset information of building, offset information comprises: height is drawn in the offsets in height direction of the side of building in default ground drawing-board and side;
According to feature geographic coordinate, in ground drawing-board, draw the bottom surface of building;
According to the feature geographic coordinate of building, the offsets in height direction of building and the side of building, draw side and the end face of highly drawing building.
Preferably, the feature geographic coordinate of building comprises summit, a plurality of bottom surface geographic coordinate of building, and/or a plurality of bent limits geographic coordinate, and summit, a plurality of bottom surface geographic coordinate is for identifying the summit of straight flange figure, and bent limit geographic coordinate is for identifying the curved side of Qu Biantu shape.
Preferably, also comprise: according to default observation point coordinate and feature geographic coordinate, determine visual angle, visual angle comprises the first angle and the second angle; Wherein, the first angle is the angle of the horizontal sextant angle of sight line and surface level, the second angle be sight line and observation line respectively in the angle of the angular separation of surface level projection, observation line is the direct line of observation point and building;
Ground drawing-board comprises: mark has the plane coordinate system of transverse and longitudinal coordinate;
According to feature geographic coordinate, building height and default observation point coordinate, the offset information that calculates building comprises:
According to the azimuth information of the second angle and default plane coordinate system, determine offsets in height direction;
According to the first angle, the second angle and building height, calculation side iso-surface patch height.
Preferably, plane coordinate system comprises directions X and Y-direction;
According to the first angle, the second angle and building height, calculation side iso-surface patch height comprises:
According to the first angle and the second angle calculation map deviation angle γ;
Directions X according to following formula calculation side iso-surface patch height in plane coordinate system draws height and Y-direction is drawn height: L=H*cot (β), offsetX=L*Cos (γ), offsetY=L*Sin (γ), wherein, L is projected length, and H is the building height of building, β is the first angle, offsetX is that directions X is drawn height, and offsetY is that Y-direction is drawn height, and γ is map deviation angle γ.
Preferably, according to the feature geographic coordinate of building, the bottom surface of the building of the drafting in ground drawing-board comprises:
A plurality of feature geographic coordinates are identified in ground drawing-board, to form a plurality of characteristics map coordinates;
According to default bottom surface connected mode, a plurality of characteristics map coordinates are connected, to form building map bottom surface.
Preferably, according to feature geographic coordinate, offsets in height direction and side, drawing side and the end face that highly drafting is built comprises:
If building, for non-complex building, according to a plurality of characteristics map coordinates, draws according to offsets in height direction and side a plurality of end face map references of highly drawing building;
According to default side connected mode, connect a plurality of characteristics map coordinates and a plurality of end face map reference, to form the side of building;
According to default end face connected mode, connect a plurality of end face map references, to form the end face of building.
Preferably, according to default side connected mode, connect a plurality of characteristics map coordinates and a plurality of end face map reference, to form the side of building, comprise:
Point coordinate and feature geographic coordinate are determined each side of building and the visible sensation distance of observation point according to the observation;
According to the distance of visible sensation distance, first draw the side that visible sensation distance is larger, then draw the side that visible sensation distance is less, so that the side that visible sensation distance is larger is blocked in the less side of visible sensation distance.
Preferably, summit, the bottom surface geographic coordinate of building comprises the point of crossing of the adjacent side of building;
Method also comprises:
Set up and vertically overlook two-dimensional map, and overlook on two-dimensional map, feature geographic coordinate, observation point coordinate and the sight line of sign building;
Overlook the setting reference line vertical with sight line on two-dimensional map;
Each feature geographic coordinate is projected on reference line, to determine the subpoint of each feature geographic coordinate;
Determine that the subpoint that is positioned at two ends on reference line in a plurality of subpoints is edge projection point;
Connect the corresponding feature geographic coordinate of two edges subpoint, to form separatrix;
Determining that be positioned at separatrix is vision sunny side near the side of observation point, is the vision back away from the side of observation point;
According to default side connected mode, connect a plurality of characteristics map coordinates and a plurality of end face map reference, to form the side of building, comprise:
In ground drawing-board, according to first drawing the corresponding side of the back, and draw afterwards a kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast in side of the order drafting building of the corresponding side of sunny side; According to default side connected mode, connect a plurality of characteristics map coordinates and a plurality of end face map reference, the side that the formation of take is built also comprises: determine that visible sensation distance side is farthest as the absolute back, the nearest face of visible sensation distance is vision sunny side, according to first drawing the absolute back, the order of the absolute sunny side of rear drafting is drawn the side of building.
Preferably, according to feature geographic coordinate, offsets in height direction and side, drawing side and the end face that highly drafting is built comprises:
If building is complex building, building is split as to a plurality of son buildings, and determines a plurality of characteristics map coordinates of every height building;
According to a plurality of characteristics map coordinates, according to offsets in height direction and side, draw a plurality of end face map references of highly drawing every height building, to form the end face map reference of building;
According to default side connected mode, connect a plurality of characteristics map coordinates and a plurality of end face map reference, to form the side of building;
According to default end face connected mode, connect a plurality of end face map references, to form the end face of building.
Preferably, also comprise: according to following formula, determine side drafting height:
L＝sqrt(2*L)*H/2；
Wherein sqrt is for opening radical sign, and L is floor quantity, the building height that H is individual layer.
A kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast that the embodiment of the present invention provides, cannot represent enough spatial impression with two-dimensional map of the prior art, although three-dimensional map can represent enough spatial impression, but greatly improved and needed data volume to be processed to compare, it is by calculating the feature geographic coordinate of building and building height according to default observation point coordinate, to calculate offset information, and then in the ground of plane drawing-board, drawn the bottom surface of building, side and end face, and then make can show three-dimensional image on the ground of plane drawing-board, also reduced the data volume of Image Rendering.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 shows a kind of basic flow sheet of the construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows a kind of details process flow diagram of the construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 shows a kind of the first of the construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast of the embodiment of the present invention and draws schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 shows a kind of the second of the construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast of the embodiment of the present invention and draws schematic diagram;
The third of the construction method of a kind of 2.5 dimension building models fast that Fig. 5 shows the embodiment of the present invention drawn schematic diagram;
Draw schematic diagram for the 4th kind of the construction method of a kind of 2.5 dimension building models fast that Fig. 6 shows the embodiment of the present invention;
Draw schematic diagram for the 5th kind of the construction method of a kind of 2.5 dimension building models fast that Fig. 7 shows the embodiment of the present invention;
Draw schematic diagram for the 6th kind of the construction method of a kind of 2.5 dimension building models fast that Fig. 8 shows the embodiment of the present invention;
Draw schematic diagram for the 7th kind of the construction method of a kind of 2.5 dimension building models fast that Fig. 9 shows the embodiment of the present invention;
Draw schematic diagram for the 8th kind of the construction method of a kind of 2.5 dimension building models fast that Figure 10 shows the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 11 shows a kind of bent limit compound pattern construction method schematic flow sheet of the construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, also by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail.
In correlation technique, 2.5 dimension building models are according to floor height, buildings to be mapped in a certain plane according to certain projection rule, to show the X-Y scheme of three-dimensional stereo effect.2.5 dimension map generating algorithms mainly contain two types.
First kind real-time rendering generating algorithm, generally only limits at mobile device end, and generation 2.5 dimension electronic charts are calculated and played up to the user perspective and the screen rectangular extent that according to user's function screen, produce in real time in this locality.The advantage of this class algorithm is that its 2.5 dimension electronic chart and user perspective are associated, possessing good user experiences, but its inferior position is real-time calculating and has taken a large amount of subscriber's local computational resource and memory source, and use field is comparatively narrow, for carrying out user perspective seizure, example, in common desk-top apparatus such as computer, cannot be drawn operation.
Corresponding, can use the algorithm of the second kind, can be adapted to more user's use scenes, utilize pre-service to generate 2.5 dimension buildings map tile, the corresponding map tile data of real-time Transmission in internet access.Method provided by the present invention, can adopt pretreated mode to implement targetedly, to reduce taking of system, and by the processing mode of multi-process, improves the speed of processing.
First the data-handling efficiency of 2.5 in the technology of pass dimension digital map algorithm is low, and complex polygon and unusual polygon are processed wrong, ground angle of field simplification and to the problems such as poor processing effect of blocking between intensive buildings in enormous quantities.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast,
As shown in Figure 1, specifically comprise the steps:
S101, obtains feature geographic coordinate and the building height of building;
S102, according to feature geographic coordinate, building height and default observation point coordinate, calculates the offset information of building, and offset information comprises: height is drawn in the offsets in height direction of the side of building in default ground drawing-board and side;
S103 draws the bottom surface of building in ground drawing-board according to feature geographic coordinate;
S104, draws side and the end face of highly drawing building according to the feature geographic coordinate of building, the offsets in height direction of building and the side of building.
In step S101, the feature geographic coordinate of building can be the latitude and longitude coordinates of building, as the latitude and longitude coordinates on the ground of building.In order to improve the use value of feature geographic coordinate, feature geographic coordinate can be as the apex coordinate of the bottom surface of building, the coordinate of the tie point of each side of namely building, feature geographic coordinate is for the positional information of building is described, having more than and be limited to latitude and longitude coordinates, can also be other coordinate informations that can show to build present position.As the coordinate information of building in a predetermined coordinate system.Building height refers to the true altitude of building, also can refer to that building is after converting, be presented at the height in map, in actual measurement, the height of building may differ greatly, as some building only has 10 meters high, some building can reach more than 100 meters, like this, when two buildings are adjacent, the building that true altitude is higher may shelter from the building that true altitude is lower, like this, the information showing in ground drawing-board may be sufficiently complete information, for fear of this phenomenon, occur, can when drawing, control and draw height, after the true altitude of building is passed through to a certain proportion of conversion, on ground drawing-board, draw again.
In step S102, need to first determine an observation point (the eyes shape mark in Fig. 3 is observation point), an observation point in actual observation namely, observation point is for overlooking a little conventionally.In step S101, can determine the feature geographic coordinate of building, same, also just can determine the coordinate of observation point, the coordinate of observation point should be three-dimensional coordinate, also has the attribute of height on the coordinate basis of longitude and latitude.Thus, height is drawn in offsets in height direction and the side that just can calculate the side of building.Wherein offsets in height direction refers to that observer is when watching building by observation point, because of the difference of viewing angle, and cause building side towards changing, the offsets in height direction of side namely.Same, variation due to the angle of observing, also can cause side to be drawn highly changes, as when building is under observation point, it is almost side that can't see building, and when observation point is positioned at the dead ahead of building, the side height that can observe building is larger value (when building is under observation point).Thus, by above-mentioned mode, just can determine that height is drawn in offsets in height direction and the side of the side of building.
In step S103, first according to the feature geographic coordinate in step S101, determine the coordinate points of feature geographic coordinate correspondence in ground drawing-board.Ground drawing-board can be according to longitude and latitude, or other modes of setting up coordinate system are set up, so after setting up coordinate system, just can determine that feature geographic coordinate corresponds to the coordinate points position in ground drawing-board, then on ground drawing-board, these coordinate points are connected according to predetermined order, just can form the bottom surface of building.It should be noted that, may there be definite shape rule the bottom surface of building, may be namely square, may be circular, also may be other well-regulated shapes, so, if feature geographic coordinate is the summit, bottom surface of building in the bottom surface of drawing building, two summits that can be linked in sequence, have formed bottom surface.If the bottom surface of building is circular, can first recognize the shape of building ground, again according at least three points on the circle of deciding, or on the center of circle+circle 2 determine that (every kind of figure all has its definite mode for the shape of bottom surface, as long as feature geographic coordinate can uniquely be decided the bottom surface of building, on ground drawing-board, can restore so the bottom surface of building, the bottom surface of other shapes repeats no more again).Certainly, bottom surface may be ringwise, first definite outer shroud and the border of interior ring respectively that so now can be corresponding, part between inner and outer ring is as the bottom surface of building again, other compound shapes also can similarly be processed (as compound shape cut apart, to form simple geometric configuration, square, round, triangle etc., are then carrying out determining and merging of bottom surface).
In step S104, after having determined the bottom surface of building, by in map backplate, point (can be the corresponding point of feature geographic coordinate) on building bottom surface, according to the side of the offsets in height direction of building and building, draw the drafting (can first draw the crossing intersecting lens in building two two sides, then draw side according to intersecting lens) of highly carrying out side.It should be noted that, building on bottom surface all can be corresponding according to the side of the offsets in height direction of building and building, draw and highly find the point on end face, after point on determining bottom surface and the point on end face, just can draw by the mode of line and the face of drafting side and the end face of building, wherein, conventionally end face can block side and bottom surface, so, can finally draw end face.Certainly, when observation visual angle changes, may be also to block end face by side, now can first draw end face, rear drafting side.Consider the problem of blocking, also can the first drawn face blocking, the face that rear drafting is not blocked, so that the sense of reality of map is strengthened.Step S103 and step S104 can first perform step S103, rear execution step S104, and its reason is the one side that bottom surface is normally blocked, drafting can reduce workload like this, and can improve the sense of reality.
Wherein, the feature geographic coordinate of building comprises summit, a plurality of bottom surface geographic coordinate of building, and/or a plurality of bent limits geographic coordinate, and summit, a plurality of bottom surface geographic coordinate is for identifying the summit of straight flange figure, and bent limit geographic coordinate is for identifying the curved side of Qu Biantu shape.
In the process of map making, except the regular figure of straight flange, also can run into the regular figure on bent limit, so corresponding, bent limit regular figure also can be used method provided by the present invention to draw.It should be noted that, bent limit geographic coordinate is the fundamental that can effectively form a curve, namely the quantity of the bent limit geographic coordinate on a curve wants enough so that a plurality of bent limits geographic coordinate connect after formed figure be song just, or approximate bent limit.Except improving the density of obtaining of bent limit geographic coordinate on bent limit, can also make the interval of adjacent bent limit geographic coordinate equate, so that bent limit geographic coordinate is evenly distributed on bent limit, and then raising percent reduction, wherein, interval equates to refer to the linear interval of adjacent point-to-point transmission, also can refer to adjacent 2 curve intervals on bent limit.
When using computing machine to draw 2.5 dimension map according to method provided by the present invention, can pass through the multi-process parallel processing mode of computing machine, implement each step, as step S101-step S104, and step S1041-step S1043.Concrete, can divide each according to spatial dimension and carry out handled step, as in some regional extents, samely by one, process, the result of finally each being processed is combined, and just can complete the map of the required structure of method of the present invention.When drawing according to multi-process, can give each process with different parameters, as for same panel region, the position of observation point continues to change, and the map of so each process being completed combines, just becoming an observer moves ahead according to predetermined order, the map group forming, so just can lay in this map group, in advance when observer sequentially moves ahead according to this, different according to the position moving ahead, maps different in map group is offered to observer.
As shown in figure 10, depression angle and position angle γ have been shown to observe always, by position angle (during zone of reasonableness 0 °-359 °), can observe one week all metope along house, by depression angle, can observe (during zone of reasonableness 0 °-89 ° of roof and part metopes, wherein 30 °-60 ° time, effect is better).According to two angle combinations, change the simple visual effect that can obtain each angle of house.In figure, projected length L=H*cot (β); X direction side-play amount △ x=L*cos (γ); Y direction side-play amount △ y=L*sin (γ).
A kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast that the embodiment of the present invention provides, by the feature geographic coordinate of building and building height are calculated according to default observation point coordinate, to calculate offset information (height is drawn in the offsets in height direction and the side that comprise the side of building), and then in the ground of plane drawing-board, drawn the bottom surface unique point of building, according to offsets in height direction and side, draw the summit of highly having drawn the building in map again, and then completed the drawing of side and end face, thereby make can show three-dimensional image on the ground of plane drawing-board, also reduced the data volume of Image Rendering.
Further, the feature geographic coordinate of building comprises summit, a plurality of bottom surface geographic coordinate of building.Wherein summit, bottom surface geographic coordinate refers to, in actual measurement, and the coordinate of the unique point of building bottom surface.The border of bottom surface is by a kind of, or multiple simple graph (as square, triangle, circle etc.) composition, the line segment that the border of bottom surface is namely comprised of numerous points, but the unique point of the corresponding figure in bottom surface can be determined.If square unique point is its four summits, leg-of-mutton unique point is three summits, the unique point of circle is three points (can determine that by three points a unique circle exists) on circle etc., figure of expression that namely can be unique by unique point, the corresponding figure in bottom surface that this figure is namely built.Certainly, also may there is special graph in bottom surface, and the complex figure being namely comprised of a plurality of fundamental figures now, can obtain simple graph (simple graph is as square, triangle, circle etc.) according to the mode of complex figure being decomposed and cut.After having determined simple graph, just can draw the corresponding side of each figure and end face according to the mode of step S101-step S104, finally drawn result merged.It should be noted that the building of drawing need to consider occlusion issue on ground drawing-board, thus, after merging, will, according to the distance of each lateral distance observation point, make block surface block the face of being blocked.
Concrete, a kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast that the application provides also comprises: according to default observation point coordinate and feature geographic coordinate, determine visual angle, visual angle comprises the first angle and the second angle; Wherein, the first angle is the angle of the horizontal sextant angle of sight line and surface level, the second angle be sight line and observation line respectively in the angle of the angular separation of surface level projection, observation line is the direct line of observation point and building.
It should be noted that, sight line is that observation point is observed formed line (as eyes are looked at formed line straight) to external world according to predetermined angle.As shown in Figure 5, the line with arrow in figure is sight line.The second angle is that sight line projects to the angle that formed projection line and observation line on surface level project to the angle of the projection line on surface level.Observation line refers to the direct line of observation point and building, and wherein, observation point and architectural every bit all should have observation line, in order to simplify calculating, observation point can be defined as to observation line to same building direct line.
And ground drawing-board comprises: mark has the plane coordinate system of transverse and longitudinal coordinate; On ground drawing-board, should have the corresponding direction in the four corners of the world, to determine the position of building in map, and map is as reference point, should be provided with the coordinate system of transverse and longitudinal coordinate, and if horizontal ordinate is X, ordinate is Y.
Concrete, according to feature geographic coordinate, building height and default observation point coordinate, the offset information that calculates building comprises:
According to the azimuth information of the second angle and default plane coordinate system, determine offsets in height direction;
According to the first angle, the second angle and building height, calculation side iso-surface patch height.
In ground drawing-board, establishing mark has after the plane coordinate system of transverse and longitudinal coordinate, the azimuth information in also just can plane coordinate system, and the four corners of the world direction in actual measurement just can be transformed in map and show so.Namely according to the second angle and azimuth information, just can determine offsets in height direction, offsets in height direction namely refers to be plotted to the side surface direction of the building on ground drawing-board.And can be according to the first angle, the second angle and building height, calculation side iso-surface patch height.It should be noted that, in the time of calculation side iso-surface patch height, can also include the distance between observation point and building height, just this is apart from calculating by the coordinate of observation point and the geographical left side of the feature of building, if the coordinate of observation point in space coordinates is (X
1, Y
1, Z
1), the coordinate of building is (X
2, Y
2, Z
2) by the range formula of point-to-point transmission, just can calculate the distance between the two, specific algorithm repeats no more.In the time of map making, can consider the near big and far smaller theories of vision of Denging, when observation point when far away, need not be considered (during observation point and building distant, building change position influence is little) apart from building.
Further, plane coordinate system comprises directions X and Y-direction;
According to the first angle, the second angle and building height, calculation side iso-surface patch height comprises:
According to the first angle and the second angle calculation map deviation angle γ;
Directions X according to following formula calculation side iso-surface patch height in plane coordinate system draws height and Y-direction is drawn height: L=H*cot (β), offsetX=L*Cos (γ), offsetY=L*Sin (γ), wherein, L is projected length, and H is the building height of building, β is the first angle, offsetX is that directions X is drawn height, and offsetY is that Y-direction is drawn height, and γ is map deviation angle γ.
In the plane coordinate system of ground drawing-board, map deviation angle refers to the offset direction of building actual displayed side out in ground drawing-board.If the oblique line L in Fig. 4 is map deviation angle.
Further, step S103, the bottom surface of the drafting building according to the feature geographic coordinate of building in ground drawing-board comprises:
Summit, a plurality of bottom surface geographic coordinate is identified in ground drawing-board, to form a plurality of characteristics map coordinates;
According to default bottom surface connected mode, a plurality of characteristics map coordinates are connected, to form building map bottom surface.
It should be noted that, the bottom surface of building is normally square conventionally, and order just can be connected to form square bottom surface according to adjacent connected mode between two so.The bottom surface of building can be also circular, according to the connected mode of unique point, connects also and can form bottom surface.In reality is drawn, the phenomenon that the bottom surface of building may deform, namely due to be not from high-altitude, face (overlooking) building, the bottom surface of building also will deform so, in ground drawing-board, the formed shape of the unique point of the bottom surface of connecting building also just may have certain difference with actual bottom surface so.But the order of connection does not make a mistake, the building in formed map has namely been reduced real building, thus, according to the predetermined order of connection, the unique point of the bottom surface of the building in ground drawing-board is connected, to form the map bottom surface of building.
Further, step S104, side and the end face of according to feature geographic coordinate, offsets in height direction and side, drawing highly drafting building comprise:
If building, for non-complex building, according to a plurality of characteristics map coordinates, draws according to offsets in height direction and side a plurality of end face map references of highly drawing building;
According to default side connected mode, connect a plurality of characteristics map coordinates and a plurality of end face map reference, to form the side of building;
According to default end face connected mode, connect a plurality of end face map references, to form the end face of building.
After having determined the characteristics map coordinate of map, just can draw the end face map reference of highly drawing building according to offsets in height direction and side, by characteristics map coordinate and end face map reference are connected and just can form stupefied that two sides of building intersect according to default order, and then can be according to the stupefied side of drawing out building forming.And by the mode identical with drawing bottom surface, draw out the end face of building, and then completed end face, the bottom surface of building, the drafting of side.Wherein, complex building refers to ring-type, and in ring, also has son building, or is interlaced situation between a plurality of son building.
Concrete, according to default side connected mode, connect a plurality of characteristics map coordinates and a plurality of end face map reference, to form the side of building, comprise:
Point coordinate and feature geographic coordinate are determined each side of building and the visible sensation distance of observation point according to the observation;
According to the distance of visible sensation distance, first draw the side that visible sensation distance is larger, then draw the side that visible sensation distance is less, so that the side that visible sensation distance is larger is blocked in the less side of visible sensation distance.
In actual process of drawing, the problem that needs consideration to block, namely the face nearer apart from observation point will block the face far away apart from observation point.Thus, can first draw the face far away apart from observation point, so after draw the face nearer apart from observation point in, the face of rear drafting just can shelter from the face far away apart from observation point, thereby effectively controls visual effect.
Summit, the bottom surface geographic coordinate of building comprises the point of crossing of the adjacent side of building;
Wherein summit geographic coordinate refers to can identify the point of building bottom shape feature, and as four square summits, three small-sized three summits, pentagonal 5 summits, just can uniquely decide this figure according to these points.
Except non-complex building being drawn to 2.5 dimension maps, can also to complex building, carry out the drafting of 2.5 dimension maps, namely, side and the end face of according to feature geographic coordinate, offsets in height direction and side, drawing highly drafting building comprise:
If building is complex building, building is split as to a plurality of son buildings, and determines a plurality of characteristics map coordinates of every height building;
According to a plurality of characteristics map coordinates, according to offsets in height direction and side, draw a plurality of end face map references of highly drawing every height building, to form the end face map reference of building;
According to default side connected mode, connect a plurality of characteristics map coordinates and a plurality of end face map reference, to form the side of building;
According to default end face connected mode, connect a plurality of end face map references, to form the end face of building.
By above-mentioned steps, the division that just can build for the advanced temper of complex building, then each height is set up to corresponding 2.5 dimension maps, finally merge again and become a complete building.And in combination, also need to the distance of observation point distance, first draw the face being blocked, the face that rear drafting is blocked according to building.As shown in figure 11, shown to draw the process of complex building.Anticlockwise ring is outer shroud or island ring, and clockwise ring is interior ring (when computing machine is processed, definition, is not certain clockwise or counterclockwise).When processing complex polygon, each ring need to be extracted, marking this ring is interior ring or outer shroud, each ring be offset and be combined as a complicated top polygon according to inner and outer ring, according to the order of outer shroud after ring in first, each ring being pressed to above-mentioned flow process and generate flanking sequence sequential storage.Finally drawn ring is combined.
A kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast provided by the present invention also comprises:
Two-dimensional map is overlooked in foundation, and overlooks on two-dimensional map, feature geographic coordinate, observation point coordinate and the sight line of sign building;
Overlook the setting reference line vertical with sight line on two-dimensional map;
Each summit, bottom surface geographic coordinate is projected on reference line, to determine the subpoint of each summit, bottom surface geographic coordinate;
Determine that the subpoint that is positioned at two ends on reference line in a plurality of subpoints is edge projection point;
Connect summit, the corresponding bottom surface of subpoint, two edges geographic coordinate, to form separatrix;
Determining that be positioned at separatrix is vision sunny side near the side of observation point, is the vision back away from the side of observation point;
According to above-mentioned step, just can confirm the vision back and the vision sunny side of building, and not need to calculate the distance between each face and observation point.After having determined the vision back and vision sunny side, draw again the side of building, can effectively handle the occlusion issue of each face well.
Namely step, according to default side connected mode, connects a plurality of characteristics map coordinates and a plurality of end face map reference, to form the side of building, comprises:
In ground drawing-board, according to first drawing the corresponding side of the back, and the order of drawing afterwards the corresponding side of sunny side is drawn the side of building.
Further, according to default side connected mode, connect a plurality of characteristics map coordinates and a plurality of end face map reference, the side that the formation of take is built also comprises: determine that visible sensation distance side is farthest as the absolute back, the nearest face of visible sensation distance is vision sunny side, according to first drawing the absolute back, the order of the absolute sunny side of rear drafting is drawn the side of building.
In reality is drawn, because observation point is (if observer is along straight-line) of moving according to certain regulation, thus, always have a face and be the normal state in being blocked, namely apart from a face farthest of observer (can be also that person's according to the observation movement locus is judged which face state in being blocked always in motion process), this face is the absolute back namely, corresponding, also has the existence of absolute sunny side.The one side that definitely sunny side namely can not be blocked all the time, first draws the absolute back thus, and finally drawing absolute sunny side is certainly to meet the visual requirement of blocking.
In drawing, in order to prevent that higher building from blocking lower building, can also avoid this phenomenon by reducing the height of floor.Namely a kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast provided by the present invention also comprises: according to following formula, determine side drafting height:
L＝sqrt(2*L)*H/2；
Wherein sqrt is for opening radical sign, and L is floor quantity, the building height that H is individual layer.
Concrete, as Fig. 6 to Fig. 9, show the process of being drawn out other faces of building on map by characteristics map coordinate (bottom surface of the building of drawing out):
1, according to number of floor levels, calculate building high: H=L*2.8 rice, calculates depression angle (the first angle) Leng ground, WeiβShi building projected length (projected length) offset=H*cot (β);
2, during current sight line geographic orientation γ, as the offset component of (x) He Zhengbei (y) direction in due east: offsetX=offset*cos (γ), offsetY=offset*sin (γ);
3, according to direction of visual lines, calculate the separatrix at the polygonal positive back side, building bottom surface, first draw successively the metope of the back side (back), then draw successively the metope of positive (sunny side);
4, polygon all point coordinate in building bottom surface, to (offsetX, offsetY) skew, are obtained to storied building top surface, finally draw end face.
In order to accelerate the processing speed of system, when processing millions or above settlement place polygon, very strong to the high efficiency processing requirements of program.After tested, after handling a polygon, just in file, write wall polygon and top polygon, in IO operation, expend time in huge, for fear of the operation of OI frequently, write, for metope and end face are set up respectively memory cache, when buffer memory accumulative total reaches the largest buffered amount of setting, data in memory buffers, and empty buffer memory, and continue to deposit new data, handle after all polygons, all data in memory buffers again, the processing speed of program can significantly promote like this.In addition, result deposit data, in gdb database, can also be promoted to IO speed, whole treatment effeciency is promoted again.
After promoting to greatest extent one process treatment effeciency, corresponding the whole province or national all settlement place data processings still need to take a long time, can adopt multi-process parallel processing, set each process deal with data scope and different store paths, as long as computer CPU and internal memory do not reach capacity, the efficiency of data processing and process number linear growth.
52999 polygons are processed to experiment below, result is as following table 1:
Table 1
| Type | Storage file type | Processing time (s) | Average velocity (individual/s) |
| Original processing | shpfile | >8000 | 6.5 |
| Original processing | gdb | 87 | 609.2 |
| Set up buffer memory | shpfile | 120 | 441.6 |
| Set up buffer memory | gdb | 86 | 616.3 |
Source data file is shapefile or gdb, and its treatment effeciency is almost as broad as long.When storage, single shpefile file max cap. is 2G, when file approaches 2G, carries out read-write operation, and program there will be abnormal or obliterated data.
In the machine, open 3 detached processes simultaneously 11108548 polygons minute scope is processed, its individual process treatment effeciency and one process treatment effeciency differ very little, and deal with data T.T. is inversely proportional to process number substantially.As following table 2:
Table 2
| Process range | Time | Average treatment number (/s) | T.T. |
| 1‐3600000 | 112’34” | 533 | ? |
| 3600001‐7200000 | 105’53” | 567 | ? |
| 7200001‐11108548 | 120’37” | 540 | 339’4” |
| 1‐11108548 | 324’21’ | 570 | 324’21’ |
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- Fast 2.5 dimension building models a construction method, it is characterized in that, comprising:Obtain feature geographic coordinate and the building height of building;According to feature geographic coordinate, building height and default observation point coordinate, calculate the offset information of described building, described offset information comprises: height is drawn in offsets in height direction and side in the side of building described in default ground drawing-board;According to described feature geographic coordinate, in described ground drawing-board, draw the bottom surface of described building;According to the side of the offsets in height direction of the feature geographic coordinate of described building, described building and described building, draw side and the end face of highly drawing described building.
- According to claim 1 a kind of fast 2.5 dimension building models construction method, it is characterized in that, the feature geographic coordinate of described building comprises summit, a plurality of bottom surface geographic coordinate of building, and/or a plurality of bent limits geographic coordinate, summit, described a plurality of bottom surface geographic coordinate is for identifying the summit of straight flange figure, and described bent limit geographic coordinate is for identifying the curved side of Qu Biantu shape.
- 3. a kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast according to claim 1, is characterized in that,Also comprise: according to described default observation point coordinate and described feature geographic coordinate, determine visual angle, described visual angle comprises the first angle and the second angle; Wherein, described the first angle is the angle of the horizontal sextant angle of sight line and surface level, described the second angle be sight line and observation line respectively in the angle of the angular separation of surface level projection, described observation line is the direct line of observation point and building;Described ground drawing-board comprises: mark has the plane coordinate system of transverse and longitudinal coordinate;Described according to feature geographic coordinate, building height and default observation point coordinate, the offset information that calculates described building comprises:Azimuth information according to described the second angle with the described plane coordinate system of presetting, determines described offsets in height direction;According to described the first angle, described the second angle and described building height, calculate described side and draw height.
- 4. a kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast according to claim 3, is characterized in that,Described plane coordinate system comprises directions X and Y-direction;Described according to described the first angle, described the second angle and described building height, calculate the drafting of described side and highly comprise:According to described the first angle and described the second angle calculation map deviation angle γ;According to following formula, calculate described side and draw directions X drafting height and Y-direction drafting height: the L=H*cot (β) of height in described plane coordinate system, offsetX=L*Cos (γ), offsetY=L*Sin (γ), wherein, L is projected length, and H is the building height of building, β is the first angle, offsetX is that directions X is drawn height, and offsetY is that Y-direction is drawn height, and γ is map deviation angle γ.
- 5. a kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described according to the feature geographic coordinate of described building, the bottom surface of the described building of drafting in described ground drawing-board comprises:A plurality of described feature geographic coordinates are identified in described ground drawing-board, to form a plurality of characteristics map coordinates;According to default bottom surface connected mode, a plurality of described characteristics map coordinates are connected, to form building map bottom surface.
- 6. a kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast according to claim 5, is characterized in that, describedly according to described feature geographic coordinate, offsets in height direction and described side, draws side and the end face of highly drawing described building and comprises:If described building is non-complex building, according to described a plurality of characteristics map coordinates, according to described offsets in height direction and described side, draw a plurality of end face map references of highly drawing building;According to default side connected mode, connect a plurality of described characteristics map coordinates and a plurality of described end face map reference, to form the side of described building;According to default end face connected mode, connect a plurality of described end face map references, to form the end face of described building.
- According to claim 6 a kind of fast 2.5 dimension building models construction method, it is characterized in that, described according to default side connected mode, connect a plurality of described characteristics map coordinates and a plurality of described end face map reference, to form the side of described building, comprise:According to described observation point coordinate and described feature geographic coordinate, determine each side of described building and the visible sensation distance of observation point;According to the distance of described visible sensation distance, first draw the described side that described visible sensation distance is larger, then draw the described side that described visible sensation distance is less, so that the described side that described visible sensation distance is larger is blocked in the less described side of described visible sensation distance.
- 8. a kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast according to claim 7, is characterized in that,Summit, the bottom surface geographic coordinate of described building comprises the point of crossing of the adjacent side of building;Described method also comprises:Set up and vertically overlook two-dimensional map, and overlook on two-dimensional map described, feature geographic coordinate, observation point coordinate and the sight line of sign building;Described, overlook the setting reference line vertical with described sight line on two-dimensional map;Feature geographic coordinate described in each is projected on described reference line, to determine the subpoint of feature geographic coordinate described in each;Determine that the subpoint that is positioned at two ends on described reference line in a plurality of described subpoints is edge projection point;Connect the corresponding described feature geographic coordinate of two edges subpoint, to form separatrix;Determining that be positioned at described separatrix is vision sunny side near the side of observation point, is the vision back away from the side of described observation point;Described according to default side connected mode, connect a plurality of described characteristics map coordinates and a plurality of described end face map reference, to form the side of described building, comprise:In described ground drawing-board, according to first drawing the corresponding side of the back, and the order of drawing afterwards the corresponding side of sunny side is drawn a kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast in side of described building; Described according to default side connected mode, connect a plurality of described characteristics map coordinates and a plurality of described end face map reference, take the side that forms described building also comprises: determine that described visible sensation distance side is farthest as the absolute back, the nearest face of described visible sensation distance is vision sunny side, according to first drawing the absolute back, the order of the absolute sunny side of rear drafting is drawn the side of described building.
- 9. a kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast according to claim 5, is characterized in that, describedly according to described feature geographic coordinate, offsets in height direction and described side, draws side and the end face of highly drawing described building and comprises:If described building is complex building, described building is split as to a plurality of son buildings, and determines a plurality of characteristics map coordinates of son building described in each;According to described a plurality of characteristics map coordinates, according to described offsets in height direction and described side, draw a plurality of end face map references of highly drawing every height building, to form the end face map reference of described building;According to default side connected mode, connect a plurality of described characteristics map coordinates and a plurality of described end face map reference, to form the side of described building;According to default end face connected mode, connect a plurality of described end face map references, to form the end face of described building.
- 10. a kind of construction method of 2.5 dimension building models fast according to claim 4, is characterized in that, also comprises: according to following formula, determine described side drafting height:L＝sqrt(2*L)*H/2；Wherein sqrt is for opening radical sign, and L is floor quantity, the building height that H is individual layer.
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