CN115198510A - 纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物及其后整理方法 - Google Patents
纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物及其后整理方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纳米ZnO@ZIF‑8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物及其后整理方法，包括如下步骤：步骤1、利用去离子水和无水乙醇中将织物基底交替漂洗，然后烘干；步骤2、按照比例将纳米ZnO@ZIF‑8@SiO2溶于去离子水中并超声分散，得到纳米ZnO@ZIF‑8@SiO2分散液；步骤3、按照纳米ZnO@ZIF‑8@SiO2与粘合剂的质量比(0.05‑0.25)：1将粘合剂加入纳米ZnO@ZIF‑8@SiO2分散液中，超声分散后得到混合液，向混合液中滴入增稠剂充分搅拌至糊状，得到整理液；步骤4、将整理液涂覆于步骤1处理后的织物基底上，然后烘干，得到ZnO@ZIF‑8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物，有效增加了织物对太阳光的反射率，具有良好的被动辐射冷却性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能面料技术领域，具体是一种纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物及其后整理方法。
背景技术
在炎热的夏天，降温是人类最重要的问题之一，尤其是对于那些在户外工作的人。如今，有两种广泛采用的方法来管理人体的热舒适性。一种是利用空调或电风扇冷却整个半封闭空间，如房间。这种方法将人体置于热舒适的空间中，最终使人体热舒适。然而，其不可避免的缺点是消耗大量电力及能源。另一种是通用的策略是设计被动辐射冷却服装。众所周知，被动辐射冷却可以在没有任何外界能量输入的情况下实现人体冷却。因此，开发具有高太阳光反射率和高人体中红外发射率的被动冷却织物是很有意义的。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目是提供一种纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物及其后整理方法，织物具有良好的被动辐射冷却性能。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现：
一种纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物，织物的基底表面涂覆有含有纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2的涂层。
进一步地，所述织物的基底的材质为棉织物。
进一步地，所述涂层的厚度为250-1000μm。
一种纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物的后整理方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1、利用去离子水和无水乙醇中将织物基底交替漂洗，然后烘干；
步骤2、按照比例(0.05-0.25mg)：2ml将纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2溶于离子水中并超声分散，得到纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2分散液；
步骤3、按照纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2与粘合剂的质量比(0.05-0.25)：1将粘合剂加入纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2分散液中，超声分散后得到混合液，向混合液中滴入增稠剂充分搅拌至糊状，得到整理液；
步骤4、将整理液涂覆于步骤1处理后的织物基底上，然后烘干，得到ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物。
进一步地，所述步骤1利用烘箱烘干，温度为40℃-100℃。
进一步地，所述步骤2中纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2粉末的粒径范围为0.03-0.20μm。
进一步地，所述步骤2超声分散的时间为3-20min。
进一步地，所述步骤3的粘合剂为聚丙烯酸脂。
进一步地，所述步骤4采用烘箱先在60-100℃下烘干5-20min，再在120-160℃温度下烘干5min。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下技术效果：
在织物表面涂覆含有纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2的涂层，一则由于ZIF-8对于ZnO粒子的包覆改性，在ZnO粒子表面形成了多面体的微结构，多面体的散射增强使得织物涂层太阳光反射率增强；另外，引入的SiO2使织物涂层具有高中红外发射性能；二则充分利用涂层的孔隙散射作用，将热量以红外辐射的方式通过“大气窗口”发射出，有效增加了织物对太阳光的反射率，即减少了织物对太阳光的吸收，进而提高了织物的被动辐射冷却性能，解决了现有可穿戴织物被动辐射冷却降温难的问题。而且，通过氢键与织物的粘合作用使得纳米粒子与织物结合，涂层的附着力强，不宜洗脱，使得被动辐射冷却性能更加持久。
本发明的后整理过程简单易操作，反应条件可控；采用无水乙醇和去离子水对织物基底交替漂洗，完全不涉及酸碱试剂，具有成本低、安全环保的特点；而且涂覆涂层赋予织物良好的疏水性，保证了织物冷却性能的耐久性。
附图说明
图1：实施例3制备的织物的反射率表征图；
图2：实施例3制备的织物与室外环境的温度测试表征对比图；
图3：实施例3制备的织物的表面水性接触角表征图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体内容做进一步详细解释说明。
本发明中所使用的ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2是根据下述文献[1]、[2]中的方法制备完成的：
[1]Keep Cool:Polyhedral ZnO@ZIF-8Polymer Coatings for DaytimeRadiative Cooling[J].Industrial And Engineering Chemistry Research,2020,59(34):15226-15232.
[2]樊元睿,张炜,陈元涛,等.ZIF-8-SiO2的制备及其对U(VI)的吸附[J].复合材料学报,2021,38(9):3064-3072.
实施例1
步骤1、利用去离子水和无水乙醇中将6×6cm2的棉织物基底交替漂洗3次，然后利用烘箱在60℃的温度下将其烘干；
步骤2、将0.05g纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2溶于2g去离子水中并超声分散10min，得到纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2分散液；
步骤3、取1g聚丙烯酸脂加入纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2分散液中，超声分散10min，得到混合液，向混合液中滴入2～3滴增稠剂混合，并利用转速为50rpm的超声波搅拌机充分搅拌得到整理液；
步骤4、先将步骤1处理后的纯棉织物基底平铺与玻璃上，利用四面制备器将整理液涂覆于棉织物基底表面，然后将整理后的纯棉织物基底放入烘箱内，在80℃的温度下烘干15min，接着在120℃的温度下烘干5min，得到ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物。
实施例2
步骤1、利用去离子水和无水乙醇中将6×6cm2的棉织物基底交替漂洗3次，然后利用烘箱在100℃的温度下将其烘干；
步骤2、将0.1g纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2溶于2g去离子水中并超声分散3min，得到纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2分散液；
步骤3、取1g聚丙烯酸脂加入纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2分散液中，超声分散10min，得到混合液，向混合液中滴入2～3滴增稠剂混合，并利用转速为150rpm的超声波搅拌机充分搅拌得到整理液；
步骤4、先将步骤1处理后的棉织物基底平铺与玻璃上，利用四面制备器将整理液涂覆于纯棉织物基底表面，然后将整理后的纯棉织物基底放入烘箱内，在60℃的温度下烘干25min，接着在160℃的温度下烘干5min，得到ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物。
实施例3
步骤1、利用去离子水和无水乙醇中将6×6cm2的纯棉织物基底交替漂洗3次，然后利用烘箱在80℃的温度下将其烘干；
步骤2、将0.15g纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2溶于2g去离子水中并超声分散20min，得到纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2分散液；
步骤3、取1g聚丙烯酸脂加入纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2分散液中，超声分散10min，得到混合液，向混合液中滴入2～3滴增稠剂混合，并利用转速为200rpm的超声波搅拌机充分搅拌得到整理液；
步骤4、先将步骤1处理后的棉织物基底平铺与玻璃上，利用四面制备器将整理液涂覆于纯棉织物基底表面，然后将整理后的纯棉织物基底放入烘箱内，在100℃的温度下烘干5min，接着在140℃的温度下烘干5min，得到ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物。
实施例4
步骤1、利用去离子水和无水乙醇中将6×6cm2的棉织物基底交替漂洗3次，然后利用烘箱在40℃的温度下将其烘干；
步骤2、将0.25g纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2溶于2g去离子水中并超声分散15min，得到纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2分散液；
步骤3、取1g聚丙烯酸脂加入纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2分散液中，超声分散10min，得到混合液，向混合液中滴入2～3滴增稠剂混合，并利用转速为300rpm的超声波搅拌机充分搅拌得到整理液；
步骤4、先将步骤1处理后的棉织物基底平铺与玻璃上，利用四面制备器将整理液涂覆于纯棉织物基底表面，然后将整理后的纯棉织物基底放入烘箱内，在70℃的温度下烘干10min，接着在140℃的温度下烘干5min，得到ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物。
将实施例1～实施例3得到3种纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物以及未经纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的普通纯棉织物置于太阳光下测试其对太阳光的反射率，如表1：分别为63％、68％、72％和80％，可见，经过后整理的普通棉织物具有更高的太阳光反射率。
表1实施例1～实施例3整理后的织物的太阳光反射率测试结果
图1是实施例3制备的织物的太阳光光反射率表征图，可以看出织物在0.5μm到1.3μm之间的紫外-可见-近红外太阳光波段的反射率为75％～80％。
图2是实施例3制备的织物与室外环境的温度测试表征对比图，可以看出织物涂层的平均温度为49.8℃，比室外环境平均温度52.9℃低3.1℃
图3是实施例3制备的织物的表面水性接触角表征图，可以看出织物具有良好的疏水性。因为织物涂层在使用的过程中会受到空气中灰尘等的污染，从而降低涂层的反射率，使得涂层的辐射冷却性能降低，疏水涂层表面不易沾染污染物，因而会增加织物涂层辐射冷却性能的耐久性。
本发明同步对所得织物的机械强度进行测试，结果如下：
机械强度：使用万能试验机对实施例3得到的织物的机械强度进行测试，每块试样宽度为50mm，隔距长度200mm，位移速率为100mm min-1。就机械强度而言，整理后的织物可承受110N的张力，能够满足实际使用需求。
Claims (9)
1.一种纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物，其特征在于，织物的基底表面涂覆有含有纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2的涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物，其特征在于，所述织物的基底的材质为棉。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物，其特征在于，所述涂层的厚度为250-1000μm。
4.一种纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物的后整理方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤1、利用去离子水和无水乙醇中将织物基底交替漂洗，然后烘干；
步骤2、按照比例(0.05-0.25mg)：2ml将纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2粉末溶于去离子水中并超声分散，得到纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2分散液；
步骤3、按照纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2与粘合剂的质量比(0.05-0.25)：1将粘合剂加入纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2分散液中，超声分散后得到混合液，向混合液中滴入增稠剂充分搅拌至糊状，得到整理液；
步骤4、将整理液涂覆于步骤1处理后的织物基底上，然后烘干，得到ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物的后整理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1利用烘箱烘干，温度为40℃-100℃。
6.根据权利要求4所述的纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物的后整理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2粉末的粒径范围为0.03-0.20μm。
7.根据权利要求4所述的纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物的后整理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2超声分散的时间为3-20min。
8.根据权利要求4所述的纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物的后整理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3的粘合剂为聚丙烯酸脂。
9.根据权利要求4所述的纳米ZnO@ZIF-8@SiO2修饰的具有被动辐射冷却性的织物的后整理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4采用烘箱先在60-100℃下烘干5-20min，再在120-160℃温度下烘干5min。
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