Background
Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), also known as microsatellites, are DNA fragments with tandem repeat motifs of 1-6 nucleotides. Wide genome coverage, robustness and high reproducibility, CO dominant inheritance, high polymorphism of multiple alleles per site, transferability between species, and low requirements for expertise and instrumentation are some of the attractive features of SSR markers. Therefore, genotyping plants using SSR markers is relatively inexpensive and can be used in small laboratories. SSR markers have been applied to fingerprinting, genetic diversity, population structure analysis, association mapping, and linkage mapping.
Spinach is native to ancient Persia and has spread around the world since the 11 th century. Through the active or passive selection of isolation of different regions and climates for a long time, the genetic diversity of spinach is quite abundant. The method comprises the following steps that Li (2018) excavates 85 polymorphic SSR markers from a genome sequence of one spinach variety, carries out genotyping on 48 spinach varieties in the world, and discovers spinach variety clustering based on geographical sources; xu (2017) and the like develop 34 new polymorphic SSR markers from spinach reference genomes and are used for evaluating genetic diversity of Chinese spinach germplasm resources, and the experimental research result shows that: spinach has a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.30-0.75 and a percent of 89.90% polymorphic sites, which may be attributed to: the information quantity of the RAPD and AFLP molecular markers with extremely high polymorphism obtained under the condition of the same number of molecular markers is more than 8-10 times that of the SSR markers, so that the obtained information quantity can not explain the genetic diversity displayed on the whole genome under the condition of low SSR abundance, and the similarity coefficient result obtained by the RAPD and the AFLP is higher than that of the SSR molecular markers. Khattak (2007) uses 13 SSR markers to research the genetic diversity of 33 hybrid spinach varieties, and the research finds that the varieties can be divided into three genetic groups according to different producing areas. In another study, kuwahara (2014) investigated genetic diversity of 50 spinach germplasm using a set of six SSR markers, and the results showed that spinach germplasm has higher genetic diversity, with the highest genetic diversity of material from west asia (afghanistan, iran, irak and syria).
The DNA fingerprinting technology is a DNA electrophoresis map which is based on DNA molecular markers and can identify the differences of biological individuals, and mainly comprises the fingerprinting technology based on AFLPRFLP, RAPD, SSR, SNP and other markers, wherein SSR and SNP markers are most commonly used. The fingerprint constructed by using SSR molecular markers contains a large amount of related information, and the technical variety identification field is widely applied due to the characteristics of convenience in modification, simplicity, high efficiency and the like. Cantini et al (2001) established a fingerprint for 59 cherry varieties by using a high polymorphism SSR molecular marker technology; 8 pairs of SSR primers with high polymorphism and stable amplification are combined by the Wangxing star and the like (2017) to successfully construct the fingerprint of 48 fruit ginkgo varieties; the method comprises the following steps of conducting amplification on a stable polymorphic band obtained by 18 pairs of SSR core primers with obvious polymorphic bands, and successfully constructing a fingerprint spectrum library for 105 parts of melon materials by utilizing the method (2012). The research of Zhao Rui Li utilizes 7 pairs of SSR primers screened out, and a fingerprint is constructed for 33 spinach germplasms according to 67 polymorphic band types obtained by the SSR primers. In another study, kuwahara (2014) used a set of six SSR markers to investigate the genetic diversity of 50 spinach germplasm. The results indicate that spinach germplasm has a high genetic diversity, with the highest genetic diversity of material from west asia (afghanistan, iran, iraq and syria). At present, systematic research on genetic diversity of Chongming spinach populations has not been found.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a small spinach fingerprint spectrum, a construction method and application thereof.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the fingerprint of the little spinach is obtained by adopting the following primers to perform PCR amplification on DNA of a little spinach sample, performing electrophoresis detection on a PCR product and finally performing data analysis;
the names and sources of the spinach samples are shown in the following table:
the spinach fingerprint is shown in the following table:
wherein, according to the electrophoresis result, the SSR amplification bands are counted, and at the same migration position, the band with the SSR amplification band is marked as '1', and the band without the SSR amplification band is marked as '0'.
The construction method of the fingerprint of the spinach comprises the following steps:
(1) Amplifying 42 parts of spinach DNA by using SSR primers, and selecting SSR primers with clear bands and high polymorphism from the spinach DNA;
(2) Analyzing the obtained polymorphic loci and finding out primers capable of distinguishing 42 spinach samples;
(3) And (3) using the primer selected in the step (2) as a core primer for constructing fingerprints, and respectively marking the amplified fragments with '1' and '0' at the same migration position to construct the fingerprint maps of 42 spinach samples.
Preferably, in step (1), the amplification system is 20 μ L, and comprises: 1 mu L of DNA template; 1. Mu.L of each of the upstream and downstream primers (10 ng. Mu.L); PCR Master Mix 15. Mu.L; add ddH2O to 20. Mu.L.
Preferably, in step (3), the SSR amplification bands are counted based on the electrophoresis results, and the bands are represented as "1" for the bands and "0" for the bands at the same migration positions, thereby forming respective data matrices. And calculating the total bands amplified according to each pair of primers and the number of polymorphic bands by utilizing POPGENE32 software according to the statistical result, and calculating the polymorphic percentage. The data were statistically analyzed for the index of genetic diversity (He) hannon information (I) and the coefficient of genetic similarity of 42 spinach test seed materials (Nei, 1973) using the POPGENE2.10 software.
The invention also provides application of the small spinach fingerprint in spinach variety identification.
The invention finally provides an identification method of spinach varieties, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Extracting the genomic DNA of the purple spinach to be detected, and performing PCR amplification on the genomic DNA of the sample to be detected by using the primers;
(2) Carrying out electrophoresis detection on the PCR amplification product;
(3) Counting SSR amplification bands according to the electrophoresis result, recording the bands as '1' and the bands as '0' at the same migration position, and forming respective data matrixes;
(4) And (4) comparing the result of the step (3) with the fingerprint of the little spinach to identify the variety.
Has the advantages that: the fingerprint of the spinach disclosed by the invention provides a scientific basis for screening valuable breeding materials from local variety germplasm resources, reduces breeding blindness, improves spinach breeding efficiency, provides a basis for protection of new variety intellectual property and variety identification and innovative breeding of the spinach, and also provides a theoretical support for increasing the number of spinach fingerprints, enriching the number of SSR markers and perfecting a spinach DNA fingerprint database.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The experimental methods used in the examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials, reagents and the like used therein are commercially available.
Examples
1. SSR primer screening and PAGE electrophoresis
The SSR primers are respectively from published sequences and synthesized by Shanghai Biotechnology Limited. The DNA of 42 parts of spinach (table 1) is amplified by 300 parts of SSR primers, and 57 pairs of SSR primers with clear bands and high polymorphism are selected from the DNA (table 2). The amplification system is 20 mu L, namely 1 mu L of DNA template; 1. Mu.L of each of the upstream and downstream primers (10 ng. Mu.L); PCR Master Mix 15. Mu.L; add ddH 2 O to 20. Mu.L. The electrophoresis of the PCR product PAGE gel refers to the method of Togaele et al (2014). SSR primers, agarose and a PCR Master Mix kit are purchased from Shanghai Biotechnology engineering Co., ltd. The main equipment comprises: PCR amplification (PCR apparatus model: mycycler PCR apparatus, bio-Rad, USA).
TABLE 1 spinach Material names and sources
Table 2: primer sequence information
2. SSR fingerprint construction
Analyzing the obtained polymorphic loci. The results showed that the 9 pairs of primers (9, 15, 34, 40, 44, 46, 47, 52 and 56, table 3) could distinguish between 42 materials. Nine SSR-labeled primers were used as core primers for constructing fingerprints. At the same migration position, the amplified fragments are marked by '1' and '0' respectively, and the fingerprint maps of 42 spinach resources are constructed. The specific strip combination of 9 pairs of primers is used as the DNA fingerprint of one variety and can be used for identifying different varieties.
Table 3: basic information of 9 pairs of core primers
Molecular marking: counting SSR amplification bands according to electrophoresis results, recording the bands as '1' and the bands as '0' at the same migration positions, and forming respective data matrixes. And calculating the total bands amplified according to each pair of primers and the number of the polymorphic bands by utilizing POPGENE32 software according to the statistical result, and calculating the polymorphism percentage. The data were statistically analyzed for the index of genetic diversity (He) hannon information (I) and the coefficient of genetic similarity of 42 spinach test seed materials (Nei, 1973) using the POPGENE2.10 software.
3. Fingerprint spectrum
With the diversification of market demands, the types of spinach varieties are gradually increased, and the difference between the varieties is gradually reduced. Are difficult to identify by means of phenotypic features alone. The fingerprint constructed by the molecular marker contains more related information and can be modified at any time. Has the characteristics of high efficiency and convenience, and is favorable for variety identification. This technique has been widely used. In the research, 9 pairs of SSR primers (No. 9, 15, 34, 40, 44, 46, 47, 52 and 56) which are stable in amplification and obvious in polymorphic bands are screened out. Based on the 63 polymorphic bands obtained, a fingerprint of 42 spinach germplasm was constructed (Table 4). Primers 9 and 46 can distinguish Chongming spinach SP35 (Chongming spinach) and SP26 from other varieties. The primer 40 can distinguish SP35 (Chongming spinach) and SP40 from other varieties. The pic values of primers satt083 and satt534 are both more than 0.65, and the Shannon Weaver diversity index is more than 1.78, which shows that the two pairs of primers have stronger variety identification capability and can be preferentially used for spinach variety identification. Because of the limited choice of primers and materials in this study, fingerprints were constructed that were limited to distinguishing the selected materials. If we want to increase the population we need to reselect primers and go on further study.
Table 4 shows that the fingerprint of 42 spinach resources constructed by 9 pairs of SSR primers is shown in the specification
The above embodiments are the best mode for carrying out the invention, but the embodiments of the invention are not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and they are included in the scope of the invention.
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