CN115197927B - Complex enzyme preparation for degrading bio-based plastics and application thereof - Google Patents
Complex enzyme preparation for degrading bio-based plastics and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 108091005658 Basic proteases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 102000009127 Glutaminase Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 108010073324 Glutaminase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 sucrose fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001896 polybutyrate Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000012479 Serine Proteases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010022999 Serine Proteases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005586 poly(adipic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/78—Hydrolases (3) acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5)
- C12N9/80—Hydrolases (3) acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5) acting on amide bonds in linear amides (3.5.1)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/60—Biochemical treatment, e.g. by using enzymes
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/16—Hydrolases (3) acting on ester bonds (3.1)
- C12N9/18—Carboxylic ester hydrolases (3.1.1)
- C12N9/20—Triglyceride splitting, e.g. by means of lipase
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12N9/2405—Glucanases
- C12N9/2408—Glucanases acting on alpha -1,4-glucosidic bonds
- C12N9/2411—Amylases
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
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- C12Y301/00—Hydrolases acting on ester bonds (3.1)
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- C12Y305/01—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5) in linear amides (3.5.1)
- C12Y305/01002—Glutaminase (3.5.1.2)
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- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plastic degradation, and particularly provides a compound enzyme preparation for degrading bio-based plastics and application thereof, wherein the compound enzyme preparation comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of glutaminase, 5-10% of sucrose fatty acid ester, 10-15% of alkaline lipase, 20-25% of alkaline protease, 5-8% of fungal amylase, 5-8% of sodium citrate and the balance of attapulgite. The cost of each raw material in the compound enzyme preparation is low, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the compound enzyme preparation can be put into industrialized application, and the biological base plastic is subjected to high-efficiency biological enzymolysis treatment through the synergistic effect of the components, and the degradation efficiency can reach about 85%. The complex enzyme preparation provided by the invention is used for treating the bio-based plastic, the filtered filtrate after enzymolysis can be recycled, the degradation rate of the enzymolysis product can reach 98% after composting for 5 days, and the degradation period is greatly shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plastic degradation, and particularly relates to a compound enzyme preparation for degrading bio-based plastics and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, PLA (polylactic acid)/PBAT (poly (adipic acid)) mixed bio-based plastic is widely applied to production materials of environment-friendly garbage bags due to good performance, and the garbage bags are subjected to degradation treatment after being used in a large amount, so that the garbage bags are easy to degrade simply and chemically, but pollution is very large, and the environment-friendly biodegradation is always an industrial problem, so that the PLA/PBAT bio-based plastic garbage bags are not effectively degraded in practical application at present, and a large number of scientific researchers are researching a biological treatment method based on the purpose of environmental protection.
The existing biological degradation methods of PLA/PBAT bio-based plastic garbage bags mainly comprise biological composting, microbial degradation and a biological enzyme method, wherein the biological composting and the microbial degradation are more common methods. It is reported that PLA/PBAT bio-based plastic garbage bags adopt bio-compost for 2-3 months, the degradation rate reaches 60% -80%, and the disadvantage is that the treatment period is long, the garbage is difficult to transport efficiently, and industrialization cannot be realized. The biological enzyme preparation has greatly reduced production cost due to the improvement of the domestic fermentation enzyme activity level in the years, and can be proved to be applied to industrial production in a large quantity. The best effect in the current PLA bio-based plastic enzyme production method is serine proteinase, the enzymolysis requires 60-80 hours, but the residue after hydrolysis cannot be utilized, and the method can only degrade PLA bio-based plastic, and has no high-efficiency treatment effect on PLA/PBAT synthetic materials. Therefore, the invention provides an effective enzyme preparation for degrading PLA/PBAT bio-based plastics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the degradation treatment period of the bio-based plastic in the prior art is long and degradation products cannot be fully utilized.
The invention provides a composite enzyme preparation for degrading bio-based plastics, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of glutaminase, 5-10% of sucrose fatty acid ester, 10-15% of alkaline lipase, 20-25% of alkaline protease, 5-8% of fungal amylase, 5-8% of sodium citrate and the balance of attapulgite.
Specifically, the enzyme activity of the glutaminase is 1000U/g; the enzyme activity of the alkaline lipase is 10000U/g; the enzyme activity of the alkaline protease is 200000U/g; the enzyme activity of the fungal amylase is 10000U/g.
The composite enzyme preparation for degrading the bio-based plastics can be used for degrading PLA/PBAT mixed bio-based plastics.
The invention also provides a method for degrading the bio-based plastic, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing the complex enzyme preparation according to any one of the above for later use;
(2) Putting the bio-based plastic into a stirring tank, adding water into the stirring tank and adjusting the pH to 5;
(3) Adding the complex enzyme preparation into a stirring tank, and stirring at regular time to perform enzymolysis;
(4) When the bio-based plastic has holes, blush and cracks and the pH value rises to 8.0, stirring is started all the time to obtain enzymolysis liquid;
(5) Filtering the enzymolysis liquid, and composting filter residues to finish the degradation of the bio-based plastics.
Specifically, the mass ratio of the bio-based plastic to the water in the step (2) is 1:8-1:10.
Specifically, in the step (2), 0.1% -0.5% of citric acid is added to adjust the pH to 5.
Specifically, the temperature of the water added in the step (2) is 35-40 ℃.
Specifically, the addition amount of the complex enzyme preparation in the step (3) is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the bio-based plastic.
Specifically, the stirring reaction time in the step (4) is 14-16h.
Specifically, the filter residues in the step (5) are naturally composted for 3-5 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
According to the formula of the composite enzyme preparation for degrading the bio-based plastics, provided by the invention, the glutaminase and the sucrose fatty acid ester are added, so that the hydrophobicity of the surface of a garbage bag can be destroyed, the alkaline protease, the alkaline lipase, the fungal amylase and the sodium citrate can synergistically destroy the internal structure, and the attapulgite can adsorb the hydrolyzed substrate, so that the reaction is quicker and more thorough, and the bio-based plastics can be subjected to high-efficiency biological enzymolysis treatment through the synergistic effect of the components, and the degradation efficiency can reach about 85%; in addition, the cost of each raw material in the compound enzyme preparation is low, the raw materials are easy to obtain, and the compound enzyme preparation can be put into industrialized application. The method provided by the invention is used for treating the bio-based plastic, the filtered filtrate after enzymolysis can be recycled, the degradation rate of the enzymolysis product can reach 98% after composting for 5 days, and the degradation period is greatly shortened.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following examples, and it is obvious that the described examples are only some examples of the present invention, but not all examples. Although representative embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should not be limited to the embodiments, but should be defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
The invention provides a compound enzyme preparation for degrading bio-based plastics, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of glutaminase, 5-10% of sucrose fatty acid ester, 10-15% of alkaline lipase, 20-25% of alkaline protease, 5-8% of fungal amylase, 5-8% of sodium citrate and the balance of attapulgite.
Wherein the enzyme activity of the glutaminase is 1000U/g; the enzyme activity of the alkaline lipase is 10000U/g; the enzyme activity of the alkaline protease is 200000U/g; the enzyme activity of the fungal amylase is 10000U/g.
The invention also provides a method for degrading the bio-based plastic, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing the composite enzyme preparation for degrading the bio-based plastics for later use;
(2) Putting the bio-based plastic into a stirring tank, adding water with the temperature of 35-40 ℃ into the stirring tank, wherein the ratio of the water to the material is 1:8-1:10, and adding 0.1% -0.5% of citric acid to adjust the pH value in the stirring tank to 5;
(3) Adding the complex enzyme preparation into a stirring tank, stirring regularly for enzymolysis, and stirring for 5 minutes preferably every 1 hour; the addition amount of the compound enzyme preparation is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the bio-based plastic;
(4) When the bio-based plastic has holes, blush and cracks and the pH value rises to 8.0, stirring is started all the time until white flocculent precipitate appears at the bottom of the stainless steel tank, and the reaction time is about 14-16 hours, so that enzymolysis liquid is obtained;
(5) And (3) carrying out plate and frame filtration on the enzymolysis liquid, recycling filtrate, and carrying out natural composting on white flocculent filter residues for 3-5 days to finish the degradation of the bio-based plastics.
The effect of the complex enzyme preparation of the present invention and the method of degrading bio-based plastics is examined by the following specific examples. The enzyme activity of the glutaminase used in the examples was 1000U/g, the enzyme activity of alkaline lipase was 10000U/g, the enzyme activity of alkaline protease was 200000U/g, and the enzyme activity of fungal amylase was 10000U/g
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a compound enzyme preparation and a method for degrading bio-based plastics by using the same, and the specific steps are as follows.
(1) Preparing 1kg of a composite enzyme preparation for degrading bio-based plastics, wherein the composite enzyme preparation comprises 200g of glutaminase, 50g of sucrose fatty acid ester, 100g of alkaline lipase, 200g of alkaline protease, 50g of fungal amylase, 50g of sodium citrate and 350g of attapulgite;
(2) Putting the PLA/PBAT bio-based plastic garbage bag into a stainless steel stirring tank filled with tap water at 35 ℃, wherein the ratio of the raw materials to the water is 1:10, and adding 0.1% of citric acid to adjust the pH value in the stirring tank to 5;
(3) Adding 0.1% of a complex enzyme preparation into a stirring tank according to the mass of the bio-based plastic garbage bag, and stirring for 5 minutes every 1 hour;
(4) When obvious holes, whitening and cracks appear in the bio-based plastic garbage bag and the pH value rises to 8.0, stirring is started all the time until white flocculent precipitate appears at the bottom of the stainless steel tank, the reaction time is 14 hours, enzymolysis liquid is obtained, and the plastic degradation rate is 80% at the moment;
(5) And (3) carrying out plate and frame filtration on the enzymolysis liquid, and naturally composting white flocculent filter residues for 5 days to finish the degradation of the bio-based plastics, wherein the degradation rate of the plastics is 90% when the bio-based plastics are detected.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a compound enzyme preparation and a method for degrading bio-based plastics by using the same, and the specific steps are as follows.
(1) Preparing 1kg of a composite enzyme preparation for degrading bio-based plastics, wherein the composite enzyme preparation comprises 300g of glutaminase, 100g of sucrose fatty acid ester, 150g of alkaline lipase, 250g of alkaline protease, 80g of fungal amylase, 80g of sodium citrate and 40g of attapulgite;
(2) Putting the PLA/PBAT bio-based plastic garbage bag into a stainless steel stirring tank filled with tap water at 40 ℃, wherein the ratio of the raw materials to the water is 1:10, and adding 0.5% of citric acid to adjust the pH value in the stirring tank to 5;
(3) Adding 0.5% of a complex enzyme preparation into a stirring tank according to the mass of the bio-based plastic garbage bag, and stirring for 5 minutes every 1 hour;
(4) When obvious holes, whitening and cracks appear in the bio-based plastic garbage bag and the pH value rises to 8.0, stirring is started all the time until white flocculent precipitate appears at the bottom of the stainless steel tank, the reaction time is 16 hours, enzymolysis liquid is obtained, and the plastic degradation rate is detected to be 85%;
(5) And (3) carrying out plate and frame filtration on the enzymolysis liquid, and naturally composting white flocculent filter residues for 5 days to finish the degradation of the bio-based plastics, wherein the degradation rate of the plastics is 98% when the bio-based plastics are detected.
Comparative example 1:
the comparative example provides a complex enzyme preparation and a method for degrading bio-based plastics by using the complex enzyme preparation, and the specific steps are as follows.
(1) 1Kg of complex enzyme preparation is prepared, which comprises 150g of alkaline lipase, 250g of alkaline protease, 80g of fungal amylase, 80g of sodium citrate and 440g of attapulgite;
(2) Putting the PLA/PBAT bio-based plastic garbage bag into a stainless steel stirring tank filled with tap water at 40 ℃, wherein the ratio of the raw materials to the water is 1:10, and adding 0.5% of citric acid to adjust the pH value in the stirring tank to 5;
(3) Adding 0.5% of a complex enzyme preparation into a stirring tank according to the mass of the bio-based plastic garbage bag, and stirring for 5 minutes every 1 hour;
(4) When obvious holes, whitening and cracks appear in the bio-based plastic garbage bag and the pH value rises to 8.0, stirring is started all the time until white flocculent precipitate appears at the bottom of the stainless steel tank, the reaction time is 16 hours, enzymolysis liquid is obtained, and the plastic degradation rate is detected to be 30%;
(5) And (3) carrying out plate and frame filtration on the enzymolysis liquid, and naturally composting white flocculent filter residues for 5 days to finish the degradation of the bio-based plastics, wherein the degradation rate of the plastics is 35% when the bio-based plastics are detected.
Comparative example 2:
the comparative example provides a complex enzyme preparation and a method for degrading bio-based plastics by using the complex enzyme preparation, and the specific steps are as follows.
(1) 1Kg of a complex enzyme preparation is prepared, which comprises 300g of glutaminase, 100g of sucrose fatty acid ester, 150g of alkaline lipase, 250g of alkaline protease, 80g of fungal amylase, 80g of sodium citrate and 40g of glucose;
(2) Putting the PLA/PBAT bio-based plastic garbage bag into a stainless steel stirring tank filled with tap water at 40 ℃, wherein the ratio of the raw materials to the water is 1:10, and adding 0.5% of citric acid to adjust the pH value in the stirring tank to 5;
(3) Adding 0.5% of a complex enzyme preparation into a stirring tank according to the mass of the bio-based plastic garbage bag, and stirring for 5 minutes every 1 hour;
(4) When obvious holes, whitening and cracks appear in the bio-based plastic garbage bag and the pH value rises to 8.0, stirring is started all the time until white flocculent precipitate appears at the bottom of the stainless steel tank, the reaction time is 16 hours, enzymolysis liquid is obtained, and the plastic degradation rate is detected to be 60%;
(5) And (3) carrying out plate and frame filtration on the enzymolysis liquid, and naturally composting white flocculent filter residues for 5 days to finish the degradation of the bio-based plastics, wherein the degradation rate of the plastics is 70% when the bio-based plastics are detected.
Comparative example 3:
the comparative example provides a complex enzyme preparation and a method for degrading bio-based plastics by using the complex enzyme preparation, and the specific steps are as follows.
(1) 1Kg of complex enzyme preparation is prepared, which comprises 300g of glutaminase, 100g of sucrose fatty acid ester, 150g of alkaline lipase, 250g of alkaline protease, 80g of fungal amylase and 120g of attapulgite;
(2) Putting the PLA/PBAT bio-based plastic garbage bag into a stainless steel stirring tank filled with tap water at 40 ℃, wherein the ratio of the raw materials to the water is 1:10, and adding 0.5% of citric acid to adjust the pH value in the stirring tank to 5;
(3) Adding 0.5% of a complex enzyme preparation into a stirring tank according to the mass of the bio-based plastic garbage bag, and stirring for 5 minutes every 1 hour;
(4) When obvious holes, whitening and cracks appear in the bio-based plastic garbage bag and the pH value rises to 8.0, stirring is started all the time until white flocculent precipitate appears at the bottom of the stainless steel tank, the reaction time is 16 hours, enzymolysis liquid is obtained, and the plastic degradation rate is detected to be 72%;
(5) And (3) carrying out plate and frame filtration on the enzymolysis liquid, and naturally composting white flocculent filter residues for 5 days to finish the degradation of the bio-based plastics, wherein the degradation rate of the plastics is 86% when the bio-based plastics are detected.
The foregoing examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all designs that are the same or similar to the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method of degrading a bio-based plastic comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparing a compound enzyme preparation for standby; the compound enzyme preparation consists of 20-30% of glutaminase, 5-10% of sucrose fatty acid ester, 10-15% of alkaline lipase, 20-25% of alkaline protease, 5-8% of fungal amylase, 5-8% of sodium citrate and the balance of attapulgite according to mass percent; the enzyme activity of the glutaminase is 1000U/g; the enzyme activity of the alkaline lipase is 10000U/g; the enzyme activity of the alkaline protease is 200000U/g; the enzyme activity of the fungal amylase is 10000U/g;
(2) Putting PLA/PBAT mixed bio-based plastic into a stirring tank, adding water into the stirring tank, and adding citric acid with mass concentration of 0.1% -0.5% to adjust pH to 5;
(3) Adding the complex enzyme preparation into a stirring tank, and stirring at regular time to perform enzymolysis;
(4) When the bio-based plastic has holes, blush and cracks and the pH value rises to 8.0, stirring is started all the time to obtain enzymolysis liquid;
(5) Filtering the enzymolysis liquid, and composting filter residues to finish the degradation of the bio-based plastics.
2. The method of degrading a bio-based plastic according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the bio-based plastic to the water in the step (2) is 1:8-1:10.
3. The method of degrading a bio-based plastic according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the water added in the step (2) is 35-40 ℃.
4. The method of degrading a bio-based plastic according to claim 1, wherein: the addition amount of the compound enzyme preparation in the step (3) is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the bio-based plastic.
5. The method of degrading a bio-based plastic according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) stirring and reacting for 14-16h in the step (4).
6. The method of degrading a bio-based plastic according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) naturally composting the filter residues in the step (5) for 3-5 days.
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