CN115195986B - Cabin heat dissipation and ventilation system of hydrogen fuel cell ship - Google Patents
Cabin heat dissipation and ventilation system of hydrogen fuel cell ship Download PDFInfo
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- CN115195986B CN115195986B CN202210561126.0A CN202210561126A CN115195986B CN 115195986 B CN115195986 B CN 115195986B CN 202210561126 A CN202210561126 A CN 202210561126A CN 115195986 B CN115195986 B CN 115195986B
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- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
- B63J2/06—Ventilation; Air-conditioning of engine rooms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
- B63J2/08—Ventilation; Air-conditioning of holds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及船舱内散热通风系统及其方法，尤其涉及一种散热效率高、能耗成本低的氢燃料电池船的舱内散热通风系统及其方法。The present invention relates to a heat dissipation and ventilation system in a ship cabin and a method thereof, and in particular to a heat dissipation and ventilation system and a method in the cabin of a hydrogen fuel cell ship with high heat dissipation efficiency and low energy consumption cost.
背景技术Background technique
氢是目前所知能源中最为清洁的能源，其燃烧产物只有水，不会产生二氧化碳和其他污染物，而且氢的热值高，从长远来看，氢是一种较为理想的燃料。氢能源的应用与普及对世界范围内的节能减排具有重要的战略意义。尤其是对于能源消耗比较大的行业，如船舶行业有着更加深远的意义。Hydrogen is the cleanest energy currently known. Its combustion product is only water and does not produce carbon dioxide and other pollutants. Moreover, hydrogen has a high calorific value. In the long run, hydrogen is an ideal fuel. The application and popularization of hydrogen energy has important strategic significance for energy conservation and emission reduction worldwide. This is especially of far-reaching significance for industries with relatively large energy consumption, such as the shipping industry.
氢燃料电池船在工作时有发生氢燃料泄漏的风险，当泄漏氢气发生聚集或遇到火源将会发生剧烈爆炸，为避免氢气事故的发生和加剧，需要在特定船舱安装氢气浓度传感器对氢气浓度进行实时检测，来减少氢气泄漏的风险，同时氢燃料电池船需要良好的通风散热环境来释放氢燃料燃烧时释放的额外热值，也需要考虑节能效应来减少船舶设备的无用消耗，所以需要布置合理的通风散热系统来加快舱室散热通风，同时减少整船能耗。There is a risk of hydrogen fuel leakage when a hydrogen fuel cell ship is working. When the leaked hydrogen accumulates or encounters a fire source, it will explode violently. In order to avoid the occurrence and aggravation of hydrogen accidents, it is necessary to install a hydrogen concentration sensor in a specific cabin to detect the hydrogen. The concentration is detected in real time to reduce the risk of hydrogen leakage. At the same time, hydrogen fuel cell ships need a good ventilation and heat dissipation environment to release the extra heat value released when hydrogen fuel is burned. The energy saving effect also needs to be considered to reduce the useless consumption of ship equipment, so it is necessary Properly arranged ventilation and heat dissipation systems can speed up cabin heat dissipation and ventilation while reducing the energy consumption of the entire ship.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的：本发明的目的是提供一种散热效率高、能耗成本低的氢燃料电池船的舱内散热通风系统；本发明的另一目的是提供该船的散热通风方法。Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an in-cabin heat dissipation and ventilation system for a hydrogen fuel cell ship with high heat dissipation efficiency and low energy consumption cost; another purpose of the present invention is to provide a heat dissipation and ventilation method for the ship.
技术方案：本发明所述的散热通风系统包括温度传感器和散热风机，储存舱、燃料舱、推进舱和舵机舱内均安装有所述温度传感器和散热风机，相邻舱的交界处安装有抽风机，燃料舱内安装有氢气浓度传感器、散热装置和氢燃料电池堆，所述温度传感器和氢气浓度传感器分别将温度和浓度信息传递给中央控制器，中央控制器将计算出的散热量发送给变频器，变频器控制所述散热风机和抽风机进行工作。Technical solution: The heat dissipation and ventilation system of the present invention includes a temperature sensor and a cooling fan. The temperature sensor and cooling fan are installed in the storage cabin, fuel tank, propulsion cabin and steering gear cabin. An exhaust fan is installed at the junction of adjacent cabins. The engine has a hydrogen concentration sensor, a heat dissipation device and a hydrogen fuel cell stack installed in the fuel tank. The temperature sensor and the hydrogen concentration sensor transmit temperature and concentration information to the central controller respectively, and the central controller sends the calculated heat dissipation to Frequency converter controls the cooling fan and exhaust fan to work.
进一步地，当所述氢气浓度传感器检测到的氢气浓度超标时，将散热风机调至额定功率，暂停氢燃料电池堆反应，关闭各舱室间的送风管道，打开备用抽风机进行通风置换。Further, when the hydrogen concentration detected by the hydrogen concentration sensor exceeds the standard, the cooling fan is adjusted to the rated power, the hydrogen fuel cell stack reaction is suspended, the air supply ducts between each cabin are closed, and the backup exhaust fan is turned on for ventilation replacement.
本发明所述的散热通风方法如下：The heat dissipation and ventilation method according to the present invention is as follows:
所述抽风机通过送风管道进行各舱室的散热调节，使各个舱室间实现循环散热，所述散热风机的转速计算公式为式中v为风机的转速，Q为设备散热量，Qb为舱室常规通风散热量，Kt为t温度下散热风机的运转系数，假设Q1为散热装置(的散热量，Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5分别为燃料舱、储存舱、推进舱、舵机舱散热风机的散热量。The exhaust fan adjusts the heat dissipation of each cabin through the air supply duct to achieve circulating heat dissipation between each cabin. The calculation formula of the rotation speed of the cooling fan is: In the formula, v is the speed of the fan, Q is the heat dissipation of the equipment, Q b is the heat dissipation of conventional ventilation in the cabin, K t is the operation coefficient of the cooling fan at temperature t, assuming that Q 1 is the heat dissipation of the heat dissipation device (, Q 2 , Q 3 , Q 4 , and Q 5 are the heat dissipation of the cooling fans in the fuel tank, storage tank, propulsion tank, and steering gear compartment respectively.
进一步地，当Q2max＞Q1+Qb2，即散热装置的散热量与舱室常规通风散热量之和小于燃料舱散热风机的额定散热量时，燃料舱散热风机转速为此时与燃料舱相邻的抽风机根据舱室间温度差常规运作，其余舱室散热风机根据船舱通风散热标准常规运转。Further, when Q 2max > Q 1 + Q b2 , that is, when the sum of the heat dissipation heat of the heat dissipation device and the conventional ventilation heat dissipation of the cabin is less than the rated heat dissipation of the fuel tank cooling fan, the fuel tank cooling fan speed is At this time, the exhaust fan adjacent to the fuel tank operates normally according to the temperature difference between the cabins, and the cooling fans in the other cabins operate normally according to the cabin ventilation and heat dissipation standards.
进一步地，当Q1+Qb2≥Q2max，即散热装置的散热量与舱室常规通风散热量之和大于燃料舱散热风机额定散热量时，燃料舱散热风机转速达到额定转速，此时与燃料舱相邻的抽风机加大功率开始工作进行辅助散热，Q3、Q4分别为0.5(Q1+Qb2-Q2max)+Qb3、0.5(Q1+Qb2-Q2max)+Qb4，推进舱与储存舱的散热风机转速v3、v4分别为Further, when Q 1 + Q b2 ≥ Q 2max , that is, when the sum of the heat dissipation heat of the heat dissipation device and the conventional ventilation heat dissipation of the cabin is greater than the rated heat dissipation of the fuel tank cooling fan, the fuel tank cooling fan speed reaches the rated speed, and at this time, the fuel tank cooling fan speed reaches the rated speed. The exhaust fan adjacent to the cabin increases its power and starts working to assist in heat dissipation. Q 3 and Q 4 are 0.5 (Q 1 +Q b2 -Q 2max ) + Q b3 and 0.5 (Q 1 +Q b2 -Q 2max ) + Q respectively. b4 , the cooling fan speeds v 3 and v 4 of the propulsion cabin and storage cabin are respectively
进一步地，当舵机舱与推进舱的温度差达到设定值时，两舱之间的抽风机开始工作进行舱室间的辅助散热，此时散热风机转速为 Further, when the temperature difference between the steering gear cabin and the propulsion cabin reaches the set value, the exhaust fan between the two cabins starts to work to assist in heat dissipation between the cabins. At this time, the cooling fan speed is
进一步地，当舵机舱与推进舱的温度差低于设定值时，两舱之间的抽风机停止工作。Further, when the temperature difference between the steering gear cabin and the propulsion cabin is lower than the set value, the exhaust fan between the two cabins stops working.
有益效果：本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下显著优点：为氢燃料电池船提供良好的散热通风环境，来释放氢燃烧时的额外热值，在保证氢燃料电池船正常航行的同时，通过整船循环通风增加散热效率，降低整体运行能耗成本，在突发氢事故时能够及时进行紧急通风稀释舱内氢气浓度，防止氢事故进一步扩大。Beneficial effects: Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following significant advantages: it provides a good heat dissipation and ventilation environment for the hydrogen fuel cell ship to release the extra heat value during hydrogen combustion, while ensuring the normal navigation of the hydrogen fuel cell ship. Through the circulation ventilation of the whole ship, the heat dissipation efficiency is increased and the overall operating energy consumption cost is reduced. In the event of a sudden hydrogen accident, emergency ventilation can be carried out in time to dilute the hydrogen concentration in the cabin and prevent the further expansion of the hydrogen accident.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本发明中的散热通风系统包括4个船舱温度传感器1，1个氢气浓度传感器2，4个散热风机3，3个抽风机4，1个紧急备用抽风机5，1个散热装置6，1个氢燃料电池堆7，1个变频器8和1个中央处理器9，小型氢燃料电池船一般包括储存舱、燃料舱、推进舱、舵机舱和船尖舱，储存舱、推进舱、舵机舱里分别设置有1个温度传感器1和1个散热风机3，船尖舱里没有设置，燃料舱里设置有1个温度传感器1、1个散热风机3、1个氢气浓度传感器2、1个散热装置6、1个氢燃料电池堆7以及1个备用抽风机5，所述温度传感器1和氢气浓度传感器2分别与中央控制器连接，将温度和氢气浓度信息传递给中央控制器进行记录和分析，中央处理器9根据舱室温度信息计算出各个舱室内需要的散热量，并向变频器8发出命令，控制散热风机3与抽风机4进行工作，根据散热量对散热风机3和抽风机4的作业功率进行调节。As shown in Figure 1, the heat dissipation and ventilation system in the present invention includes 4 cabin temperature sensors 1, 1 hydrogen concentration sensor 2, 4 heat dissipation fans 3, 3 exhaust fans 4, 1 emergency backup exhaust fan 5, 1 A heat dissipation device 6, a hydrogen fuel cell stack 7, a frequency converter 8 and a central processor 9. Small hydrogen fuel cell ships generally include a storage cabin, a fuel tank, a propulsion cabin, a steering gear cabin and a peak cabin. The storage cabin , there is a temperature sensor 1 and a cooling fan 3 installed in the propulsion cabin and the steering gear compartment respectively. There is no installation in the peak cabin. There is a temperature sensor 1, a cooling fan 3 and a hydrogen concentration in the fuel tank. Sensor 2, a heat dissipation device 6, a hydrogen fuel cell stack 7 and a backup exhaust fan 5. The temperature sensor 1 and the hydrogen concentration sensor 2 are respectively connected to the central controller to transmit the temperature and hydrogen concentration information to the central controller. The controller records and analyzes, and the central processor 9 calculates the heat dissipation required in each cabin based on the cabin temperature information, and issues a command to the frequency converter 8 to control the cooling fan 3 and the exhaust fan 4 to work, and adjust the cooling fan according to the amount of heat dissipation. 3 and the operating power of the exhaust fan 4 are adjusted.
本发明所述的散热通风方法如下：The heat dissipation and ventilation method according to the present invention is as follows:
抽风机4通过送风管道进行各舱室的散热调节，通过抽风机4使各个舱室间实现循环散热，所述散热风机3转速的计算公式为式中v为风机的转速，Q为设备散热量，Qb为舱室常规通风散热量，Kt为t温度下散热风机的运转系数，规定Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5分别为散热装置6、燃料舱、储存舱、推进舱、舵机舱散热风机3的散热量。The exhaust fan 4 adjusts the heat dissipation of each cabin through the air supply duct, and uses the exhaust fan 4 to achieve circulating heat dissipation between each cabin. The calculation formula for the rotation speed of the cooling fan 3 is: In the formula, v is the speed of the fan, Q is the heat dissipation of the equipment, Q b is the heat dissipation of conventional ventilation in the cabin, K t is the operation coefficient of the cooling fan at temperature t, and Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , Q 4 , Q 5 are specified They are the heat dissipation of the heat dissipation device 6, the fuel tank, the storage tank, the propulsion tank, and the steering gear room cooling fan 3 respectively.
散热风机3转速与散热量之间的关系如下：The relationship between the speed of cooling fan 3 and the amount of heat dissipated is as follows:
(1)当Q2max＞Q1+Qb2，即散热装置6的散热量与舱室常规通风散热量之和小于燃料舱散热风机的额定散热量时，燃料舱散热风机3转速为此时与燃料舱相邻的抽风机4根据舱室间温度差常规运作，其余舱室散热风机3根据船舱通风散热标准常规运转；(1) When Q 2max > Q 1 + Q b2 , that is, when the sum of the heat dissipation heat of the heat dissipation device 6 and the conventional ventilation heat dissipation of the cabin is less than the rated heat dissipation of the fuel tank cooling fan, the fuel tank cooling fan 3 speed is At this time, the exhaust fan 4 adjacent to the fuel tank operates normally according to the temperature difference between the cabins, and the cooling fans 3 in the other cabins operate normally according to the cabin ventilation and heat dissipation standards;
(2)当Q1+Qb2≥Q2max，即散热装置6的散热量与舱室常规通风散热量之和大于燃料舱散热风机3额定散热量时，燃料舱散热风机3转速达到额定转速，此时与燃料舱相邻的抽风机4加大功率开始工作进行辅助散热，Q3、Q4分别为0.5(Q1+Qb2-Q2max)+Qb3、0.5(Q1+Qb2-Q2max)+Qb4，推进舱与储存舱的散热风机3转速v3、v4分别为(2) When Q 1 + Q b2 ≥ Q 2max , that is, when the sum of the heat dissipation heat of the heat dissipation device 6 and the conventional ventilation heat dissipation of the cabin is greater than the rated heat dissipation of the fuel tank cooling fan 3, the fuel tank cooling fan 3 speed reaches the rated speed, this At this time, the exhaust fan 4 adjacent to the fuel tank increases its power and starts to work for auxiliary heat dissipation. Q 3 and Q 4 are 0.5(Q 1 +Q b2 -Q 2max ) +Q b3 and 0.5(Q 1 +Q b2 -Q respectively. 2max )+Q b4 , the cooling fan 3 speeds of the propulsion cabin and storage cabin are v 3 and v 4 respectively.
抽风机4的工作功率由舱室间温度差决定； The working power of the exhaust fan 4 is determined by the temperature difference between the cabins;
(i)当所述舵机舱与推进舱的温度差达到规定值时，两舱之间的抽风机4开始工作进行舱室间的辅助散热，此时散热风机转速为 (i) When the temperature difference between the steering gear cabin and the propulsion cabin reaches the specified value, the exhaust fan 4 between the two cabins starts to work to assist in heat dissipation between the cabins. At this time, the cooling fan speed is
(ii)当温度差低于设置工作的最小值时，两舱之间的抽风机4停止工作。(ii) When the temperature difference is lower than the minimum value set for operation, the exhaust fan 4 between the two cabins stops working.
所述氢气浓度传感器2检测到舱内氢气浓度过高超过标准值达到警告预设值时，将散热风机3调至额定功率进行通风处理，紧急暂停氢燃料电池堆反应，关闭燃料舱与储存舱、推进舱间的送风管道防止氢燃料泄漏扩散至其他舱室，打开紧急备用抽风机5对舱内进行通风置换。When the hydrogen concentration sensor 2 detects that the hydrogen concentration in the cabin is too high, exceeds the standard value and reaches the warning preset value, the cooling fan 3 is adjusted to the rated power for ventilation, the hydrogen fuel cell stack reaction is urgently suspended, and the fuel tank and storage tank are closed. . The air supply duct in the propulsion cabin prevents hydrogen fuel leakage from spreading to other cabins, and the emergency backup exhaust fan 5 is turned on to ventilate and replace the cabin.
所述小型氢燃料电池船在正常航行的同时，通过整船循环通风增加散热效率，降低整体运行能耗成本，在突发氢事故时能够及时进行紧急通风稀释舱内氢气浓度，防止氢事故进一步扩大。While the small hydrogen fuel cell ship is sailing normally, it can increase heat dissipation efficiency and reduce overall operating energy consumption costs through circulating ventilation throughout the ship. In the event of a sudden hydrogen accident, emergency ventilation can be carried out in a timely manner to dilute the hydrogen concentration in the cabin and prevent further hydrogen accidents. expand.
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