CN115194499B - Clamping tool, die forging and numerical control machining method for die forging - Google Patents
Clamping tool, die forging and numerical control machining method for die forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN115194499B CN115194499B CN202210629155.6A CN202210629155A CN115194499B CN 115194499 B CN115194499 B CN 115194499B CN 202210629155 A CN202210629155 A CN 202210629155A CN 115194499 B CN115194499 B CN 115194499B
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- telescopic cylinder
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- main pipe
- die forging
- clamping
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q2703/00—Work clamping
- B23Q2703/02—Work clamping means
- B23Q2703/04—Work clamping means using fluid means or a vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q2703/00—Work clamping
- B23Q2703/02—Work clamping means
- B23Q2703/10—Devices for clamping workpieces of a particular form or made from a particular material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
Abstract
The invention discloses a clamping tool, a die forging and a die forging numerical control machining method, belongs to the field of die forging machining, and aims to realize rapid and modularized clamping of the die forging. The fixture comprises a cushion block, wherein the top wall, the bottom wall and the side walls on two sides of a fixture body of the cushion block are surrounded to form a jack with two through ends; the bottom surface of the jack is provided with a convex supporting table; a group of bottom telescopic cylinders which are uniformly distributed on two sides of the supporting table are arranged on the bottom wall, and a group of top telescopic cylinders are arranged on the top wall; a left telescopic cylinder is arranged on the side wall of one side of the telescopic cylinder, and a right telescopic cylinder is arranged on the side wall of the other side of the telescopic cylinder; the tail ends of piston rods of the hydraulic telescopic cylinders extend into the jacks; a hydraulic line is arranged for providing hydraulic oil. The process boss is matched with the insertion hole of the cushion block, so that the standardization of the forging process boss is realized, and the molding difficulty and the blanking weight of the die forging are reduced. The pressing force can be effectively controlled, and the processing quality of the die forging piece is stabilized; the time of manual clamping intervention is reduced, and the clamping efficiency and accuracy are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining of aviation die forgings, and particularly relates to a clamping tool and a clamping method for numerical control machining of die forgings.
Background
The aviation die forging is a key bearing component of aviation weapon equipment and plays an important role in guaranteeing the development and the capability formation of the aviation weapon equipment. The key bearing components on the fuselage are the "ridge beams" of the aircraft, such as the bearing frames, beams, etc.
The aviation die forging mainly comprises a fuselage structural part, a landing gear die forging and an engine forging, and the product relates to all domestic airplanes and engines, including fighters, bombers, conveyors, helicopters, coaches, C919 airliners, turbojet engines, turbofan engines and the like.
In order to ensure the clamping requirement of numerical control cutting of the aviation die forging, technological bosses which are specially convenient for numerical control cutting are added according to the cutting scheme, structural strength, size toughness, material cutting performance and other information of the part during die forging design, and the sizes and shapes of the technological bosses are greatly different due to the specificity of the realized clamping function and position. In the forming process, the forming difficulty is higher due to the relative position and the size requirement of the process boss; in the processing process, the specifications of the process bosses are inconsistent, and a large amount of auxiliary time is spent for preparing and replacing the tool; the numerical control machining will damage the stress balance of the die forging, and the forging needs to be clamped for multiple times in order to prevent severe stress release; meanwhile, excessive clamping pressure is introduced, secondary distribution of residual stress can be seriously affected, and finally, the parts do not meet the drawing and assembly requirements, so that the clamping pressure applied to the forging piece is required to be controlled.
At present, domestic die forgings are processed in a numerical control mode, clamping is mainly carried out by virtue of pressing plates and sizing blocks, and the die forgings have the following defects:
1. when the stress-free clamping is carried out, an operator is mainly relied on to self-level the workpiece, and the time consumption is long;
2. in the subsequent clamping, as the forging is deformed, the clamping of the workpiece is mainly pressed by an operator through bolts or jacks, and the clamping pressure cannot be controlled;
3. during clamping, the position of the pressing plate is mainly controlled by an operator, and in the machining process, the risk that a machining cutter impacts the pressing plate exists, the cutter and the pressing plate are damaged slightly, and the product is scrapped heavily.
4. The clamping of the forging is completely finished by manpower, accidents are easy to occur, and personal injury accidents are caused.
5. In order to meet the clamping requirement during design of the die forging, the process boss is often relatively large, the forming difficulty is relatively high, and the blanking weight is relatively high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of low clamping efficiency of the existing die forging, and provides a clamping tool and a clamping method for numerical control machining of the die forging, which are used for realizing rapid and modularized clamping of the die forging, effectively reducing the production cost of the die forging, controlling the machining efficiency of the die forging and stabilizing the machining quality.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the clamping tool for numerical control machining of the die forging comprises a cushion block, wherein the cushion block comprises a tool body, the tool body is a square box body and comprises a top wall, a bottom wall and side walls on two sides, and jacks with two through ends are formed by surrounding the top wall, the bottom wall and the side walls on two sides;
the bottom surface of the jack is provided with a convex supporting table;
the tool body is provided with a hydraulic telescopic cylinder, and the hydraulic telescopic cylinder comprises a bottom telescopic cylinder, a top telescopic cylinder, a left telescopic cylinder and a right hydraulic telescopic cylinder;
the bottom wall is provided with a group of bottom telescopic cylinders which are uniformly distributed on two sides of the supporting table, the top wall is provided with a group of top telescopic cylinders, and the top telescopic cylinders are arranged opposite to the bottom telescopic cylinders; a left telescopic cylinder is arranged on the side wall of one side, a right telescopic cylinder is arranged on the side wall of the other side, and the left telescopic cylinder and the right telescopic cylinder are oppositely arranged; the tail ends of piston rods of the hydraulic telescopic cylinders extend into the jacks;
and a hydraulic pipeline for providing hydraulic oil for the hydraulic telescopic cylinder is arranged on the tool body.
Further, a positioning hole penetrating through the bottom wall is formed in the supporting table, a countersunk bolt hole is formed in the top wall, and the countersunk bolt hole is aligned with the positioning hole.
Further, the hydraulic pipeline comprises a top hydraulic main pipe, a left hydraulic main pipe, a bottom hydraulic main pipe and a right hydraulic main pipe which are sequentially connected;
the top hydraulic main pipe is communicated with the top telescopic cylinder through a top hydraulic branch pipe;
the bottom hydraulic main pipe is communicated with the bottom telescopic cylinder through a bottom hydraulic branch pipe;
the left hydraulic main pipe is communicated with the left telescopic cylinder through a left hydraulic branch pipe;
the right hydraulic main pipe is communicated with the right telescopic cylinder through a right hydraulic branch pipe;
the top hydraulic main pipe is provided with a first switch for switching on and off the top hydraulic main pipe, and the first switch is arranged between a liquid inlet end of the top hydraulic main pipe and the top telescopic cylinder;
a second switch for switching on and off a liquid supply passage of the left telescopic cylinder, the bottom telescopic cylinder and the right telescopic cylinder is arranged on the left hydraulic main pipe;
a one-way hydraulic valve is arranged at one end of the top hydraulic main pipe connected with the left hydraulic main pipe;
and a pressure release valve is arranged at one end of the bottom hydraulic main pipe connected with the left hydraulic main pipe.
Further, the bottom telescopic cylinder, the top telescopic cylinder, the left telescopic cylinder and the right telescopic cylinder are all arranged on the tool body and penetrate through the tool body from the outer side to the cavity of the jack; the piston rod comprises a head part and a rod part; the piston rod is arranged in the cavity, the head of the piston rod is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the cavity, an oil cavity with an outer end opening is formed by surrounding the end face of the head and the inner wall of the cavity, the oil cavity is communicated with the hydraulic pipeline, and the oil cavity opening is blocked by the end cover; the rod part is sleeved with a telescopic spring for driving the rod part to retract.
Further, a pressure head is arranged at the tail end of the rod part of the piston rod, and the pressure head is movably connected to the tail end of the rod part.
The die forging suitable for clamping of the clamping tool comprises a forging body, wherein a plurality of process bosses are arranged on the periphery of the forging body, the process bosses are identical in structure and square, and a vertically through positioning through hole is formed in each process boss.
Further, step one, disposing one cushion block on each process boss, inserting the process bosses into the insertion holes of the cushion blocks, and assembling the cushion blocks and the die forging by sequentially penetrating through the countersunk bolt holes, the positioning through holes and the positioning holes through positioning bolts;
placing a cushion block on a sizing block arranged on a bottom plate;
pressurizing the cushion block until each piston rod contacts the process boss, and continuously pressurizing the cushion block until the process boss is clamped;
step three, finishing the first surface;
step four, turning over the die forging;
step five, repeating the step one to complete the assembly of the cushion block, the sizing block and the die forging;
fifthly, pressing the card for the first time;
step six, performing first processing on the second surface;
step seven, pressing the card for the second time;
and step eight, performing secondary processing on the second surface.
Further, in the second step, the position of the process boss is maintained unchanged, and the specific process is as follows:
and all the piston rods act simultaneously, the piston rods contacting the process bosses stop extending, and after all the piston rods contact the process bosses, pressure is applied to compress the process bosses.
Further, the specific process of the fifth step is as follows:
firstly, the bottom telescopic cylinder, the left telescopic cylinder and the right telescopic cylinder are fixed, and only the piston rod of the top telescopic cylinder is pushed down to push the process boss to push down an initial distance until the piston rod of the top telescopic cylinder reaches the design pressure, and the pressure is maintained; then, the piston rods of the bottom telescopic cylinder and the left telescopic cylinder extend out of the compression process boss;
the specific process of the step seven is as follows:
firstly, the piston rods of the top telescopic cylinders keep the design pressure still, and only the piston rods of the bottom telescopic cylinders and the left telescopic cylinders retract;
then, the piston rod of the top telescopic cylinder is pressed down again until the bottom end surface of the process boss contacts the supporting table;
finally, the piston rods of the left telescopic cylinder and the right telescopic cylinder extend out to press the process boss.
Further, when the bottom telescopic cylinder is in a pressure relief retraction state, the end face of the tail end of the piston rod of the bottom telescopic cylinder is flush with the top end face of the supporting table.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the clamping tool for numerical control machining of the die forging, the cushion block is an integral module, so that the assembly of the jack of the clamping tool and the process boss of the die forging is realized by plugging the jack of the clamping tool with the process boss of the cushion block, namely, the jack of the process boss is matched with the jack of the cushion block, the standardization of the process boss of the forging is realized, and the forming difficulty and the blanking weight of the die forging are reduced.
The clamping tool adopts the bottom telescopic cylinder, the top telescopic cylinder, the left telescopic cylinder and the right telescopic cylinder to extend and clamp the technological boss to realize clamping, so that the pressing force can be effectively controlled, the influence of clamping on the processing of die forgings is reduced, and the processing quality of the die forgings is stabilized.
The hydraulic clamping is adopted, so that the time of manual clamping intervention is reduced, the clamping efficiency and accuracy are improved, the accident risk in the clamping process is reduced, and the machining efficiency of the die forging is improved, and the clamping performance is stable.
The modularized clamping tool is convenient to produce and good in interchangeability, and the consistency of the tool position and the actual clamping position during programming is guaranteed, so that the tool collision risk is prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a clamping tool disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 at B;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic circuit arrangement;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of C-C of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a clamping tool with a die forging;
FIG. 8 is a free-loading schematic;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a pressure relief state;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the first pressing after the flipping;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a first press-down clip after flipping;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the second press-down after the turn-over;
fig. 13 is a schematic view of the second press-fitting after the turn-over.
Reference numerals: cushion block 1, fixture body 1A, top wall 1A1, bottom wall 1A2, side wall 1A3, jack 1A4, supporting table 1A5, positioning hole 1A6, countersunk bolt hole 1A7, hydraulic telescopic cylinder 1B, bottom telescopic cylinder 1B1, top telescopic cylinder 1B2, left telescopic cylinder 1B3, right telescopic cylinder 1B4, piston rod 1B5, head 1B51, rod 1B52, ram 1B53, cavity 1B6, oil cavity 1B7, end cap 1B8, telescopic spring 1B9, hydraulic pipeline 1C, top hydraulic main 1C1, bottom hydraulic main 1C2, top hydraulic branch 1C3, bottom hydraulic branch 1C4, left hydraulic branch 1C5, switch 1C6, switch 1C7, left hydraulic main 1C8, right hydraulic main 1C9, one-way hydraulic valve 1C10, pressure release valve 1C11, right hydraulic branch 1C12, die forging 2, forging body 2A, process bottom plate 2B, positioning through hole 2C 3, positioning bolt 5, cushion 5.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
1-4, a clamping tool for numerical control machining of die forgings comprises a cushion block 1, wherein the cushion block 1 comprises a tool body 1A, the tool body 1A is a square box body and comprises a top wall 1A1, a bottom wall 1A2 and side walls 1A3 on two sides, and jacks 1A4 with two through ends are formed by surrounding the top wall 1A1, the bottom wall 1A2 and the side walls 1A3 on two sides;
the bottom surface of the jack 1A4 is provided with a convex supporting table 1A5;
the tool body 1A is provided with a hydraulic telescopic cylinder 1B, wherein the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 1B comprises a bottom telescopic cylinder 1B1, a top telescopic cylinder 1B2, a left telescopic cylinder 1B3 and a right hydraulic telescopic cylinder 1B;
a group of bottom telescopic cylinders 1B1 which are equally divided on two sides of a supporting table 1A5 are arranged on the bottom wall 1A2, a group of top telescopic cylinders 1B2 are arranged on the top wall 1A1, and the top telescopic cylinders 1B2 are arranged opposite to the bottom telescopic cylinders 1B 1; a left telescopic cylinder 1B3 is arranged on one side wall 1A3, a right telescopic cylinder 1B4 is arranged on the other side wall 1A3, and the left telescopic cylinder 1B3 and the right telescopic cylinder 1B4 are arranged opposite to each other; the tail end of a piston rod 1B5 of each hydraulic telescopic cylinder 1B extends into the jack 1A4;
a hydraulic pipeline 1C for supplying hydraulic oil to the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 1B is arranged on the tool body 1A.
According to the clamping tool for numerical control machining of the die forging, the cushion block 1 is an integral module, the insertion holes 1A4 surrounded by the top wall 1A1, the bottom wall 1A2 and the side walls 1A3 on two sides of the cushion block are used for inserting the process boss 2B of the die forging 2, namely, when the clamping tool is installed, the insertion holes 1A4 of the cushion block 1 center the process boss 2B of the die forging 2, and the cushion block 1 is sleeved on the process boss 2B, so that the connection between the cushion block 1 and the die forging 2 is realized.
The hydraulic telescopic cylinder 1B arranged on the tool body 1A is used for clamping the process boss 2B of the die forging 2. The bottom telescopic cylinder 1B1 is arranged at the bottom of the process boss 2B, the top telescopic cylinder 1B2 is arranged at the top of the process boss 2B, and the process boss 2B is clamped by the bottom telescopic cylinder 1B1 and the top telescopic cylinder from the up-down direction. The left telescopic cylinder 1B3 is arranged on the left side of the process boss 2B, the right telescopic cylinder 1B4 is arranged on the right side of the process boss 2B, and the left telescopic cylinder and the right telescopic cylinder clamp the process boss 2B from the left direction and the right direction. Thereby ensuring the clamping stability of the process boss 2B in the processing process.
In one group, there may be two, three or four or more bottom telescopic cylinders 1B1, in the present invention, four bottom telescopic cylinders 1B1 and four top telescopic cylinders 1B2 are respectively distributed at four corners of a rectangle, four top telescopic cylinders 1B2 are distributed at four corners of a rectangle, and the center of the rectangle surrounded by four bottom telescopic cylinders 1B1 and the center of the rectangle surrounded by four top telescopic cylinders 1B2 need to be centered, that is, the top telescopic cylinders 1B2 are disposed opposite to the bottom telescopic cylinders 1B 1.
In the present invention, there may be one or two left telescopic cylinders 1B3, and in the present invention, there may be one left telescopic cylinder 1B3 and one right telescopic cylinder 1B4, and the opposite arrangement means that the straight lines where the axes of the left telescopic cylinder 1B3 and the right telescopic cylinder 1B4 are located coincide.
Through the relative setting of the flexible jar 1B1 in bottom and the flexible jar 1B2 in top, and the flexible jar 1B3 in left side sets up with the flexible jar 1B4 in right side relatively, has guaranteed the stability of die forging 2 clamping, avoids the clamping in-process risk such as skew.
The clamping of the die forging 2 is realized by utilizing the hydraulic system through the plurality of hydraulic telescopic cylinders 1B, the pressing force can be controlled according to the requirement, the influence of the clamping on the processing of the die forging 2 is reduced, the time of manual clamping intervention is reduced, and the accident risk in the clamping process is reduced.
The modularized tooling of the cushion block 1 is adopted, so that the consistency of the tooling position and the actual clamping position during programming is ensured, and the risk of cutter collision is prevented. The clamping efficiency is improved, and the machining efficiency and the stable machining quality of the die forging 2 are controlled.
Through the setting of clamping frock, realized the standardization of die forging 2 technology boss 2B, the technological boss 2B size, the shape etc. of die forging 2 can all be unified promptly to the shaping degree of difficulty and the unloading weight of die forging 2 have been reduced, thereby can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost of die forging.
The support table 1A5 is provided to limit the downward movement of the process boss 2B. And after the process boss 2B moves down to the limit position, the process boss 2B is supported, the supporting area of the process boss 2B is increased, and the deformation of the die forging 2 in the processing process is reduced.
In order to ensure the stability of supporting the process boss 2B, the supporting table 1A5 is preferably disposed in the middle of the bottom surface of the insertion hole 1A4, so that when the process boss 2B is inserted into the insertion hole 1A4, the middle part centers the supporting table 1A5, which is beneficial to ensuring the geometric center and the clamping center of the process boss.
After the process boss 2B is inserted into the insertion hole 1A4, the relative position of the process boss 2B and the cushion block 1 needs to be limited, and the displacement of the subsequent clamping position is avoided, so in the invention, a positioning hole 1A6 penetrating through the bottom wall 1A2 is arranged on the supporting table 1A5, a countersunk bolt hole 1A7 is arranged on the top wall 1A1, and the countersunk bolt hole 1A7 is aligned with the positioning hole 1 A6. The arrangement of the structure can be realized by processing corresponding bolt through holes on the process boss 2B, adopting bolts to be simultaneously inserted into the countersunk bolt holes 1A7, the bolt through holes on the process boss 2B and the positioning holes 1A6, and the process boss 2B can also axially move along the bolts under the action of external force.
In the clamping process, the top telescopic cylinder 1B2 presses down the process boss 2B, the process boss 2B is pushed to move downwards, the bottom telescopic cylinder 1B1 plays a role in lifting the process boss 2B from the bottom, and the left telescopic cylinder 1B3 and the right telescopic cylinder 1B4 clamp the process boss 2B from the left side and the right side. Therefore, it is necessary to enable the top telescopic cylinder 1B2 to be independently operated independently of the bottom telescopic cylinder 1B1, the left telescopic cylinder 1B3, and the right telescopic cylinder 1B 4.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the hydraulic line 1C includes a top hydraulic main pipe 1C1, a left hydraulic main pipe 1C8, a bottom hydraulic main pipe 1C2, and a right hydraulic main pipe 1C9, which are connected in sequence;
the top hydraulic main pipe 1C1 is communicated with the top telescopic cylinder 1B2 through a top hydraulic branch pipe 1C 3;
the bottom hydraulic main pipe 1C2 is communicated with the bottom telescopic cylinder 1B1 through a bottom hydraulic branch pipe 1C 4;
the left hydraulic main pipe 1C8 is communicated with the left telescopic cylinder 1B3 through a left hydraulic branch pipe 1C 5;
the right hydraulic main pipe 1C9 is communicated with the right telescopic cylinder 1B4 through a right hydraulic branch pipe 1C 12;
the top hydraulic main pipe 1C1 is provided with a first switch 1C6 for switching on and off the top hydraulic main pipe 1C1, and the first switch 1C6 is arranged between the liquid inlet end of the top hydraulic main pipe 1C1 and the top telescopic cylinder 1B 2; the first switch 1C6 is turned on to supply liquid to the top telescopic cylinder 1B2, and the first switch 1C6 is turned off to cut off a passage for supplying liquid to the top telescopic cylinder 1B 2.
Similarly, a switch two 1C7 which is provided on the left side hydraulic main pipe 1C8 and is provided with a liquid supply passage for the left side telescopic cylinder 1B3, the bottom telescopic cylinder 1B1 and the right side telescopic cylinder 1B 4. The second switch 1C7 is turned on to supply the liquid to the bottom telescopic cylinder 1B1, the left telescopic cylinder 1B3 and the right telescopic cylinder 1B4, and the second switch 1C7 is turned off to cut off the liquid supply passage to the bottom telescopic cylinder 1B1, the left telescopic cylinder 1B3 and the right telescopic cylinder 1B 4.
A one-way hydraulic valve 1C10 is installed at the end of the top hydraulic main pipe 1C1 connected to the left hydraulic main pipe 1C 8. At the position of the one-way hydraulic valve 1C10, hydraulic oil can be injected into the cushion block 1 by using an external hydraulic device, and a piston rod is driven to compress a workpiece and keep the pressure.
A relief valve 1C11 is attached to the end of the bottom hydraulic main pipe 1C2 connected to the left hydraulic main pipe 1C 8. After the processing is completed, the hydraulic oil is discharged by connecting the hydraulic oil to an external hydraulic pipe through a relief valve 1C11.
Of course, the bottom telescopic cylinder 1B1, the left telescopic cylinder 1B3 and the right telescopic cylinder 1B4 may be provided with separate switches for independent control, but the operation steps are not saved in the above-described manner.
The hydraulic telescopic cylinder 1B can be a commercially available hydraulic cylinder. In the invention, a bottom telescopic cylinder 1B1, a top telescopic cylinder 1B2, a left telescopic cylinder 1B3 and a right telescopic cylinder 1B4 all comprise a cavity 1B6 which is arranged on a tool body 1A and penetrates from the outer side of the tool body 1A to an inserting hole 1A4; the piston rod 1B5 comprises a head part 1B51 and a rod part 1B52; the piston rod 1B5 is arranged in the cavity 1B6, the head 1B51 of the piston rod is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the cavity 1B6, an oil cavity 1B7 with an open outer end is formed by surrounding the end face of the head 1B51 and the inner wall of the cavity 1B6, the oil cavity 1B7 is communicated with the hydraulic pipeline 1C, and the opening of the oil cavity 1B7 is blocked by the end cover 1B 8; the rod part 1B52 is sleeved with a telescopic spring 1B9 for driving the rod part 1B52 to retract.
This structure, frock body 1A plays the effect of similar cylinder body, and the cavity 1B6 that sets up on it provides the space for the installation of piston rod 1B5, and plays the guide effect to the flexible of piston rod 1B5 for after cavity 1B6 on the frock body 1A finishes processing, the flexible direction of piston rod 1B5 just obtains determining. Compared with the existing hydraulic cylinder, the tool body 1A plays a role similar to a cylinder body, and is simple in structure and convenient to use.
The end cover 1B8 is used for blocking the opening of the oil cavity 1B7 to form a closed space, hydraulic oil is input into the oil cavity 1B7, so that the pressure in the oil cavity 1B7 is increased, the piston rod 1B5 is pushed to extend, the telescopic spring 1B9 is compressed, and after pressure relief, the telescopic spring 1B9 is deformed in a recovery mode to drive the piston rod 1B5 to retract.
The oil cavity 1B7 and the piston rod 1B5 can be overhauled by detaching the end cover 1B 8.
In order to increase the contact area between the piston rod 1B5 and the process boss 2B, preferably, a pressing head 1B53 is disposed at the end of the rod portion 1B52 of the piston rod 1B5, and the pressing head 1B53 is movably connected to the end of the rod portion 1B 52. According to the structure, the pressure head 1B53 is movably connected with the rod part 1B52 of the piston rod 1B5, so that the pressure head 1B53 can be automatically adjusted to be completely attached to the process boss 2B, and the problem of overlarge local pressure of the process boss 2B is avoided.
Die forging suitable for above-mentioned clamping frock carries out clamping, including forging body 2A, be provided with a plurality of technology boss 2B at forging body 2A's periphery, each technology boss 2B structure is the same, all is square to be provided with vertical location through-hole 2C that link up on technology boss 2B.
The invention discloses a die forging, wherein a plurality of process bosses 2B refer to one, two, three and the like of the process bosses 2B. The process bosses 2B have the same structure, namely the size, the shape and the like of the process bosses 2B of the die forging 2 are uniform, so that the molding difficulty and the blanking weight of the die forging 2 are reduced, and the production cost of the die forging can be effectively reduced. And each process boss 2B can adopt the same clamping tool, so that the clamping is easier. The process boss 2B is square, is convenient to process, and is matched with the jack 1A4 of the clamping tool.
The numerical control processing method for the die forging piece by adopting the clamping tool,
step one, as shown in fig. 7, placing a cushion block 1 on a sizing block 4 mounted on a bottom plate 5; each process boss 2B is provided with one cushion block 1, the process bosses 2B are inserted into insertion holes 1A4 of the cushion blocks 1, and a positioning bolt 3 sequentially passes through a countersunk bolt hole 1A7, a positioning through hole 2C, a positioning hole 1A6 and a sizing block 4 to assemble the cushion blocks 1, the die forging 2 and the sizing block 4 together;
step two, pressurizing the cushion block 1 until each piston rod 1B5 contacts the process boss 2B, and continuously pressurizing the cushion block 1 until the process boss 2B is clamped;
step three, finishing the first surface;
step four, turning over the die forging 2;
step five, repeating the step one to complete the assembly of the cushion block 1, the sizing block 4 and the die forging 2;
fifthly, performing first pressing and clamping;
step six, performing first processing on the second surface;
seventhly, pressing and clamping for the second time;
and step eight, performing secondary processing on the second surface.
Step one, the assembly of the cushion block 1, the sizing block 4 and the die forging 2 is completed.
Step two, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, clamping in a free state, after aligning the assembly positions of the cushion blocks 1 and the die forgings 2, directly pressurizing each hydraulic telescopic cylinder 1B to enable the piston rods 1B5 of the hydraulic telescopic cylinders to extend out of the compression process bosses 2B. Because the die forging 2 is clamped for the first time at this moment, the adjusted position is the clamping position required by the first surface machining, in order to avoid the change of the position caused by the clamping and influence the machining quality, in the second step, the position of the process boss 2B is maintained unchanged, and the specific process is as follows: all the piston rods 1B5 act simultaneously, the piston rods 1B5 contacting the process bosses 2B stop extending, and after all the piston rods 1B5 contact the process bosses 2B, pressure is applied to compress the process bosses 2B.
After the first surface is machined, all the hydraulic telescopic cylinders 1B are subjected to pressure relief, hydraulic oil is discharged, the piston rods 1B5 are recovered under the pressure of the telescopic springs 1B9, and the process bosses 2B are released.
After the first surface of the die forging 2 is machined, the die forging 2 is greatly deformed. After turning over, if one-time pressing is adopted, larger pressure needs to be applied to the die forging 2, so that the internal stress balance of the die forging 2 is affected, and therefore, in the invention, the die forging 2 is pressed and clamped twice, and twice processing is carried out. Namely, the fifth step and the sixth step are performed first, and after the first machining is performed on the second surface, the resilience and the deformation of the die forging piece 2 are reduced. And step seven and step eight are carried out again, the second processing of the second surface is completed, and the deformation is further reduced.
The specific process of the fifth step is shown in fig. 10 and 11:
firstly, a bottom telescopic cylinder 1B1, a left telescopic cylinder 1B3 and a right telescopic cylinder 1B4 are fixed, and only a piston rod 1B5 of a top telescopic cylinder 1B2 is pushed down to push a process boss 2B to push down an initial distance until the piston rod 1B5 of the top telescopic cylinder 1B2 reaches design pressure, and the pressure is kept; next, the piston rods 1B5 of the bottom telescopic cylinder 1B1 and the left telescopic cylinder 1B3 are extended out of the pressing process boss 2B.
When the second surface is clamped for the first time, the piston rod 1B5 of the top telescopic cylinder 1B2 is used for maintaining the pressure at the design pressure, so that the influence of the intervention of excessive clamping pressure on the secondary distribution of residual stress is avoided.
The specific process of the seventh step is shown in fig. 12 and 13:
firstly, the piston rod 1B5 of the top telescopic cylinder 1B2 keeps the design pressure still, and only the piston rods 1B5 of the bottom telescopic cylinder 1B1 and the left telescopic cylinder 1B3 are retracted;
then, the piston rod 1B5 of the top telescopic cylinder 1B2 is pressed down again until the bottom end surface of the process boss 2B contacts the supporting table 1A5;
finally, the piston rods 1B5 of the left telescopic cylinder 1B3 and the right telescopic cylinder 1B4 are extended to press the process boss 2B.
Through twice dress card, effectively avoided the violent release of stress for the dress card pressure of single dress card diminishes, has guaranteed during the processing, has avoided the intervention of too big clamping pressure to influence residual stress secondary distribution.
In order to further increase the support area for the process boss 2B, it is preferable that the end face of the distal end of the piston rod 1B5 of the bottom telescopic cylinder 1B1 is flush with the top end face of the support table 1A5 when the bottom telescopic cylinder is in the pressure release retracted state.
Claims (5)
1. The numerical control machining method for the die forging is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the die forging comprises a forging body (2A), wherein a plurality of process bosses (2B) are arranged on the periphery of the forging body (2A), the process bosses (2B) are identical in structure and square, and a vertically-through positioning through hole (2C) is formed in the process bosses (2B);
clamping the die forging by adopting a clamping tool; the clamping tool comprises a cushion block (1), wherein the cushion block (1) comprises a tool body (1A), the tool body (1A) is a square box body and comprises a top wall (1A 1), a bottom wall (1A 2) and side walls (1A 3) on two sides, and jacks (1A 4) with two through ends are formed by surrounding the top wall (1A 1), the bottom wall (1A 2) and the side walls (1A 3) on two sides;
the bottom surface of the jack (1A 4) is provided with a convex supporting table (1A 5);
a hydraulic telescopic cylinder (1B) is arranged on the tool body (1A), and the hydraulic telescopic cylinder (1B) comprises a bottom telescopic cylinder (1B 1), a top telescopic cylinder (1B 2), a left telescopic cylinder (1B 3) and a right telescopic cylinder (1B 4);
the bottom wall (1A 2) is provided with a group of bottom telescopic cylinders (1B 1) which are uniformly distributed on two sides of the supporting table (1A 5), the top wall (1A 1) is provided with a group of top telescopic cylinders (1B 2), and the top telescopic cylinders (1B 2) are arranged opposite to the bottom telescopic cylinders (1B 1); a left telescopic cylinder (1B 3) is arranged on one side wall (1A 3), a right telescopic cylinder (1B 4) is arranged on the other side wall (1A 3), and the left telescopic cylinder (1B 3) and the right telescopic cylinder (1B 4) are arranged oppositely; the tail ends of piston rods (1B 5) of the hydraulic telescopic cylinders (1B) extend into the jacks (1A 4);
a hydraulic pipeline (1C) for providing hydraulic oil for the hydraulic telescopic cylinder (1B) is arranged on the tool body (1A);
the hydraulic pipeline (1C) comprises a top hydraulic main pipe (1C 1), a left hydraulic main pipe (1C 8), a bottom hydraulic main pipe (1C 2) and a right hydraulic main pipe (1C 9) which are connected in sequence;
the top hydraulic main pipe (1C 1) is communicated with the top telescopic cylinder (1B 2) through a top hydraulic branch pipe (1C 3);
the bottom hydraulic main pipe (1C 2) is communicated with the bottom telescopic cylinder (1B 1) through a bottom hydraulic branch pipe (1C 4);
the left hydraulic main pipe (1C 8) is communicated with the left telescopic cylinder (1B 3) through a left hydraulic branch pipe (1C 5);
the right hydraulic main pipe (1C 9) is communicated with the right telescopic cylinder (1B 4) through a right hydraulic branch pipe (1C 12);
a first switch (1C 6) for switching on and off the top hydraulic main pipe (1C 1) is arranged on the top hydraulic main pipe (1C 1), and the first switch (1C 6) is arranged between the liquid inlet end of the top hydraulic main pipe (1C 1) and the top telescopic cylinder (1B 2);
a switch II (1C 7) for switching on and off a liquid supply passage of the left telescopic cylinder (1B 3), the bottom telescopic cylinder (1B 1) and the right telescopic cylinder (1B 4) is arranged on the left hydraulic main pipe (1C 8);
a one-way hydraulic valve (1C 10) is arranged at one end of the top hydraulic main pipe (1C 1) connected with the left hydraulic main pipe (1C 8);
a pressure release valve (1C 11) is arranged at one end of the bottom hydraulic main pipe (1C 2) connected with the left hydraulic main pipe (1C 8);
the method comprises the following steps:
step one, configuring one cushion block (1) on each process boss (2B), inserting the process bosses (2B) into insertion holes (1A 4) of the cushion blocks (1), and sequentially penetrating through countersunk bolt holes (1A 7), positioning through holes (2C) and positioning holes (1A 6) by positioning bolts (3) to assemble the cushion blocks (1) with die forgings (2);
placing the cushion block (1) on a sizing block (4) arranged on a bottom plate (5);
pressurizing the cushion block (1) until each piston rod (1B 5) contacts the process boss (2B), and continuously pressurizing the cushion block (1) until the process boss (2B) is clamped;
step three, finishing the first surface;
step four, turning over the die forging (2);
step five, repeating the step one to complete the assembly of the cushion block (1), the sizing block (4) and the die forging piece (2);
step six, performing first pressing clamping;
step seven, processing the second surface for the first time;
step eight, pressing and clamping for the second time;
step nine, carrying out secondary processing on the second surface;
in the second step, the position of the process boss (2B) is maintained unchanged, and the specific process is as follows:
all the piston rods (1B 5) act simultaneously, the piston rods (1B 5) contacting the process boss (2B) stop extending, and after all the piston rods (1B 5) contact the process boss (2B), the pressure is applied to compress the process boss (2B);
the specific process of the fifth step is as follows:
firstly, a bottom telescopic cylinder (1B 1), a left telescopic cylinder (1B 3) and a right telescopic cylinder (1B 4) are fixed, and only a piston rod (1B 5) of a top telescopic cylinder (1B 2) is pushed down to push a process boss (2B) to be pushed down for an initial distance until the piston rod (1B 5) of the top telescopic cylinder (1B 2) reaches design pressure, and the pressure is kept; then, the piston rods (1B 5) of the bottom telescopic cylinder (1B 1) and the left telescopic cylinder (1B 3) extend out of the compression process boss (2B);
the specific process of the step seven is as follows:
firstly, a piston rod (1B 5) of a top telescopic cylinder (1B 2) keeps the design pressure still, and only piston rods (1B 5) of a bottom telescopic cylinder (1B 1) and a right telescopic cylinder (1B 4) and a left telescopic cylinder (1B 3) are retracted;
then, the piston rod (1B 5) of the top telescopic cylinder (1B 2) is pressed down again until the bottom end surface of the process boss (2B) contacts the supporting table (1A 5);
finally, piston rods (1B 5) of the left telescopic cylinder (1B 3) and the right telescopic cylinder (1B 4) extend out to press the process boss (2B).
2. The numerical control machining method of die forgings according to claim 1, wherein: when the bottom telescopic cylinder (1B 1) is in a pressure relief retraction state, the end face of the tail end of the piston rod (1B 5) is flush with the top end face of the supporting table (1A 5).
3. The numerical control machining method of die forgings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: a positioning hole (1A 6) penetrating through the bottom wall (1A 2) is formed in the supporting table (1A 5), a countersunk bolt hole (1A 7) is formed in the top wall (1A 1), and the countersunk bolt hole (1A 7) is aligned with the positioning hole (1A 6).
4. The numerical control machining method of die forgings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
the bottom telescopic cylinder (1B 1), the top telescopic cylinder (1B 2), the left telescopic cylinder (1B 3) and the right telescopic cylinder (1B 4) are arranged on the tool body (1A) and penetrate through the tool body (1A) from the outer side to a cavity (1B 6) of the jack (1A 4); the piston rod (1B 5) comprises a head part (1B 51) and a rod part (1B 52); the piston rod (1B 5) is arranged in the cavity (1B 6), the head (1B 51) of the piston rod is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the cavity (1B 6), an oil cavity (1B 7) with an outer end opening is formed by surrounding the end face of the head (1B 51) and the inner wall of the cavity (1B 6), the oil cavity (1B 7) is communicated with the hydraulic pipeline (1C), and the opening of the oil cavity (1B 7) is blocked by an end cover (1B 8); the rod part (1B 52) is sleeved with a telescopic spring (1B 9) for driving the rod part (1B 52) to retract.
5. The numerical control machining method of die forgings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the end of the rod part (1B 52) of the piston rod (1B 5) is provided with a pressure head (1B 53), and the pressure head (1B 53) is movably connected to the end of the rod part (1B 52).
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