CN115193981A - Method for manufacturing wheel disc of wheel - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing wheel disc of wheel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115193981A
CN115193981A CN202210355394.7A CN202210355394A CN115193981A CN 115193981 A CN115193981 A CN 115193981A CN 202210355394 A CN202210355394 A CN 202210355394A CN 115193981 A CN115193981 A CN 115193981A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
percent
wheel disc
wheel
active carbon
cooling
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN202210355394.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
托马斯·弗勒特
托马斯·格罗塞吕施坎普
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
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Publication of CN115193981A publication Critical patent/CN115193981A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/14—Spinning
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/14—Spinning
    • B21D22/16—Spinning over shaping mandrels or formers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/26—Making other particular articles wheels or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/26—Making other particular articles wheels or the like
    • B21D53/265—Making other particular articles wheels or the like parts of wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
    • B60B3/04—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body with a single disc body not integral with rim, i.e. disc body and rim being manufactured independently and then permanently attached to each other in a second step, e.g. by welding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
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    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/34—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tyres; for rims
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    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a wheel disc (3) for a vehicle wheel.

Description

Method for manufacturing wheel disc of wheel
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a wheel disc for a vehicle wheel.
Background
The production of wheel discs for vehicle wheels, in particular from hardenable steel, is state of the art, see for example DE 10 2018 209 879 A1 and DE 10 2018 209 878 A1.
Furthermore, it is also known to design the wall thickness to be load-dependent by using spin forming methods, so that wheel discs constructed from steel plates have a particularly light design. The spin forming methods described in the prior art are only used to form wheel discs from circular blanks in the cold state.
Disclosure of Invention
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a wheel disc with which a wheel disc for a wheel that meets the load can be manufactured at a more favorable manufacturing cost, and to provide a corresponding wheel.
This object is achieved by a method for producing a wheel disc having the features of claim 1. Further embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
According to a first teaching, the invention relates to a method for producing a wheel disc, wherein the method comprises the following steps: -providing a circular blank of hardenable carbon steel; -heating the round billet at least sectionally to a temperature of at least Ac 1; -forming the at least sectionally hot circular blank into an at least sectionally hot wheel form by spin forming; the at least partially hot wheel disk profile is actively cooled at least in sections, so that after the active cooling, a microstructure composed of martensite and/or bainite is built up in the wheel disk at least in sections in the actively cooled section, and the wheel disk thereby has a tensile strength R of at least 1000MPa at least in sections m 。
The circular blank provided is made of hardenable carbon steel in order to be able to provide a corresponding strength on the finished wheel disc during the heat treatment and to be able to meet the corresponding requirements, in particular in order to be able to reduce the thickness of the material by a corresponding increase in strength and thus to be able to implement the wheel disc more lightweight due to the low thickness. The circular blank is formed by stamping a steel strip or a steel plate.
Prior to forming, the round billet is heated to a temperature of at least Ac1, either in only one section or in multiple sections, or completely heated. The temperature may in particular also be at least Ac3 or higher. At least sectional heating of the circular blank can be carried out by induction, by conduction or by radiation using suitable means. The at least sectionally hot circular blank is shaped by means of spin forming into an at least sectionally hot wheel disc profile. By spin forming, a load-suitable and lightweight wheel disc can be produced in a particularly efficient manner, since by this technique the thickness of the wheel disc in the radial direction can be individually adjusted, so that different thicknesses can be provided in the radial direction, which in turn contributes to a further reduction in weight.
Furthermore, the at least partially hot wheel disc profile is actively cooled at least in sections after the forming, so that after the active cooling, a microstructure composed of martensite and/or bainite is built up in the wheel disc at least in sections in the actively cooled sections, and the wheel disc thereby has a tensile strength R of at least 1000MPa at least in sections m 。
The circular blank is preferably heated completely, so that the wheel disk profile is preferably likewise completely hot and can preferably be cooled completely actively, in order to preferably be able to create a uniform texture in the entire wheel disk.
The tensile strength R can be set individually according to the composition of the carbon steel, or by suitable selection of the carbon steel m Thus, at least in sections, have a tensile strength R of in particular at least 1100MPa, preferably at least 1200MPa, more preferably at least 1300MPa, particularly preferably at least 1400MPa, further preferably at least 1500MPa m It is also possible and to obtain a microstructure of martensite and/or bainite. Thus, in order to establish the desired properties in the wheel disc, a hard microstructure is required which comprises at least 70% martensite and/or bainite, in particular at least 80% martensite and/or bainite, preferably at least 90% martensite and/or bainite, wherein the remaining microstructure constituents may be present in the form of ferrite, pearlite, cementite, austenite and/or retained austenite. Preferably, a hard microstructure is established which has at least 70% martensite, in particular at least 80% martensite, preferably at least 90% martensite, the remaining microstructure constituents possibly being present in the form of ferrite, pearlite, bainite, cementite, austenite and retained austenite.
The structural transformation into austenite starts from Ac1, and when Ac3 or more is reached, a substantially completely austenite structure exists. After heating, the hot (partially) austenitized round blank is processed into a wheel disc shaped part by spin forming. By the at least partially austenitized structure, the forces during forming can be reduced due to the reduced resistance or flow resistance of the material. After the shaping, the wheel disc profile is actively cooled using suitable means, so that after the active cooling, a microstructure composed of martensite and/or bainite is built up in the wheel disc at least in sections in the actively cooled sections. By active cooling, which is carried out at a cooling rate of at least 20 ℃/s, austenite is transformed into martensite when the Ms temperature is reached and/or into bainite when the Bs temperature is reached. It is thus possible to establish a microstructure which preferably consists essentially of martensite only or of martensite and bainite. The higher the cooling rate, e.g., at least 30 ℃/s, 40 ℃/s, 50 ℃/s and higher, a microstructure consisting essentially of martensite will be established. The heating and cooling curves used to establish the desired microstructure depend on the chemical composition of the hardenable and selectively temperable carbon steel used, and these curves may be taken from or derived from the so-called TTA (ZTA) or TTT (ZTU) maps. Variables such as Ac1, ac3, ms and Bs can also be obtained or derived from these figures. The substantially martensitic structure thus enables the ultra-high (tensile) strength of the carbon steel used.
Spin forming is a non-cutting forming method of a hollow body having rotational symmetry. In the process, the circular blank is tensioned and/or fixed on the pressing chuck and rotated. At least one pressure platen/roller or other suitable device is moved against the rotating circular blank so that the forming is partially performed by the compressive stresses introduced into the circular blank material by the radially directed spin forming operation. The material flows and the contour of the pressing chuck on the inside is obtained in the course of the axial machining from one end of the round billet to the other. The press chuck is in principle circular, so that a "spin-formed" wheel disc profile obtains a cylindrical internal geometry. During the spin forming process, the at least one pressure disk/roller causes plastic deformation of the material by direct pressure action, wherein a defined axial movement of the at least one pressure disk/roller can lead to a reduction of the initial wall thickness of the circular blank to an adjustable (final wall thickness) or minimum thickness. The spin forming is in accordance with the prior art.
Optionally, the wheel disk can also be subsequently tempered in the annealing range. Tempering may be performed at a temperature of 200 to 500 ℃ for a duration of 5 seconds to 30 minutes, with a decrease in tensile strength but an increase in ductility. The tempered disc contains at least one third, and in particular at least half, of annealed martensite in the martensitic structure.
The thickness of the circular blank may be, for example, between 4.0 and 20mm, depending on the application, i.e. whether the wheel is designed for a private or commercial vehicle, and also depending on the size or diameter of the wheel in inches. The thickness is in particular at least 5mm, preferably at least 6mm, and is in particular limited to a maximum of 18mm, preferably a maximum of 16mm. The diameter of the circular blank may vary according to the dimensions of the wheel to be manufactured, in particular between 250 and 650 mm.
Depending on the complexity of the wheel disc to be produced, a single heating to a temperature of at least Ac1 and above may be sufficient to carry out the spin forming in the respective hot state and ensure that a reproducible texture can be established in the wheel disc without premature unlimited cooling of the temperature (in the hot section) to a temperature below Ms before the wheel disc form is produced in the spin forming process and thus leading to an undesired texture transformation at this point in time. If the process heat generated during the spin forming process is sufficient and thus the spin forming can be carried out with a temperature in the at least one hot section above Ms until the wheel disc profile is produced, no further reheating measures are necessary. If this cannot be ensured, cooling below the temperature Ms is prevented by carrying out an at least sectional reheating according to one embodiment of the process according to the invention before active cooling. This is intended to mean that the circular blank is reheated at least in sections before the spin forming and/or at least in sections during the spin forming into the wheel disc profile and/or at least in sections after the spin forming. Thus, the at least segmental reheating is intended to prevent cooling to a temperature below Ms prior to active cooling or during forming/spin forming. The at least segmental reheating can, for example, be carried out to a temperature of at least Ac1 to ensure that no unrestricted or uncontrolled tissue structure transformation occurs. The at least sectional reheating can also be carried out by induction, by conduction or by radiation using suitable means. Burners with open flames may also be used.
According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, an at least partially hot round billet is positioned on a press chuck, the press chuck with the round billet is rotated, and the rotating round billet is shaped into a wheel disc profile by means of at least one adjustable press roll. In the process, the wheel profile exhibits the contour of the press chuck on the side facing away from the pressure roller. Adjustable is to be understood as meaning that at least one of the press rolls is spatially movable and thus able to follow the contour of the press chuck in the axial and radial directions or to spin a round blank onto the contour of the press chuck. The contour of the press chuck is designed without undercuts and comprises, in particular, a demolding bevel which prevents locking and thus enables the wheel disc profile or the finished wheel disc to be easily removed/pushed off the press chuck. The press chuck preferably comprises at least one radially adjustable slide element; there may be one or more sliding elements, for example in the form of pins or studs, distributed over the circumference in the extrusion chuck, which are arranged in the region of the flange to be produced on the wheel disc profile, and the at least one sliding element is adjusted to the extended position before the circular blank is formed into the wheel disc profile, whereby during the forming the material in the region of the flange surrounds the sliding element and thereby an undercut is produced in the flange. Alternatively, the round billet can also be positioned on the press chuck in the cold state and only then is the round billet heated at least in sections.
According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, after the forming/spin forming, the wheel disc profile remains on the press chuck and is actively cooled. This has the advantage that the process time can be shortened and no additional equipment, such as hardening tools, is required, whereby the method according to the invention can be operated economically. In addition, undesirable distortion is advantageously prevented, since the active cooling contracts the wheel disk on the pressure chuck and therefore reproducible dimensional accuracy can be ensured. The process steps of shaping and active cooling are therefore advantageously carried out in a spinning apparatus.
On the one hand, the active cooling of the wheel disc profile can be carried out by applying a cooling fluid in direct contact, i.e. the wheel disc profile on the extrusion chuck is applied with a cooling fluid, so that the desired properties are established in the wheel disc by forced cooling. Water may be sprayed as cooling fluid or alternatively a cooling emulsion, preferably an oil, which can bring about improved cooling properties, in particular against the ingress of diffusible hydrogen. It may be preferred to use an outer shell with corresponding means in the form of sprinklers for spraying cooling fluid onto the at least sectionally hot wheel profile. This active cooling by contact with a cooling fluid is a very economical form.
On the other hand, in particular to provide a "cleaner" alternative to the contact with cooling fluid, the active cooling of the wheel disc profile can be carried out by bringing an adjustable die with a contact surface into contact with the wheel disc profile on the side remote from the pressing chuck. The die is arranged around a mandrel (Vorsetzer) and can be moved in the axial direction. The contact surface substantially corresponds to the contour of the wheel disc shaped element facing it, so that the wheel disc shaped element is contacted by the die in a bell-shaped substantially form-fitting manner in order to achieve a controlled removal of heat from the wheel disc shaped element and thus a targeted active cooling. Owing to the substantially form-fitting contact, it is also possible to produce a wheel disc which is particularly improved and dimensionally accurate and repeatable.
In order to prevent thermal loading, the pressing chuck, the mandrel and/or the die can in particular be actively cooled. The mandrel and/or the die are preferably provided with internal cooling, for example with a bore hole through which a cooling medium flows, in order to be able to ensure sufficient heat removal to establish the desired properties.
According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, after active cooling, the at least one sliding element is set into the retracted position and the wheel disk is thereby released for removal. By fixing the sliding elements in an undercut manner to the wheel disc profile or to the wheel disc to be produced, it is possible to produce wheel discs of precise dimensions. After active cooling, the at least one sliding element is retracted again into the press chuck, so that the pushing-down of the finished wheel disk is simplified.
According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the hardenable carbon steel contains, in addition to Fe and unavoidable production-limiting impurities, the following chemical elements in wt.%:
c:0.01 to 0.5 percent,
si:0.01 to 3.0 percent,
mn:0.01 to 3.0 percent,
n: the maximum content of the active carbon is 0.1 percent,
p: the maximum content of the active carbon is 0.1 percent,
s: the maximum content of the active carbon is 0.1 percent,
optionally at least one or more elements selected from the group (Al, cr, cu, mo, ni, nb, ti, V, B, sn, ca, rare earth elements REM):
al: the highest content of the active carbon is 1.0 percent,
cr: the highest content of the active carbon is 1.0 percent,
cu: the highest content of the active carbon is 1.0 percent,
mo: the highest content of the active carbon is 1.0 percent,
ni: the highest content of the active carbon is 1.0 percent,
nb: the maximum content of the active carbon is 0.2 percent,
ti: the maximum content of the active carbon is 0.2 percent,
v: the maximum content of the active carbon is 0.2 percent,
b: the highest content is 0.01 percent,
sn: the maximum content of the active carbon is 0.1 percent,
ca: the maximum content of the active carbon is 0.1 percent,
REM: the maximum is 0.2%.
According to a second teaching of the present invention, a wheel comprises at least one wheel disc produced according to the present invention, which is arranged in an opening of a rim ring and is connected thereto in a force-fitting and/or material-fitting manner.
According to a third teaching of the present invention, the wheel is for a road vehicle, in particular for a private vehicle, a commercial vehicle, a bus or a trailer.
Drawings
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Like parts are provided with the same reference numerals. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
figure 1 shows two schematic perspective views of a step for at least sectionally heating a circular blank (upper figure) and for completely heating a circular blank (lower figure),
FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a step after forming a circular blank into a wheel disc shaped article by spin forming;
fig. 3 shows a schematic perspective view of a step after actively cooling the wheel disc profile into a wheel disc according to a first embodiment,
fig. 4 shows a schematic perspective view of a step after active cooling of the wheel disc profile into a wheel disc according to a second embodiment,
FIG. 5 shows a schematic partial perspective view of the contour of the press chuck, an
Fig. 6 shows a schematic partial perspective view of an adjustable slide element in the press chuck.
Detailed Description
A circular blank 1 of hardenable carbon steel is punched out of a steel strip or plate, not shown, and provided to a method for manufacturing a wheel disc for a vehicle wheel. When required, the circular blank 1 may also be provided with a bore/opening, e.g. a central bore 1.1, during or after blanking. The thickness of the circular blank 1 may be, for example, between 4.0 and 20 mm. The diameter of the circular blank may vary between 250 and 650mm, depending on the size of the wheel to be produced, not shown.
Fig. 1 shows two schematic perspective views of a step for at least sectionally or completely heating a circular blank by induction using an inductor 11 (upper figure) and for completely heating a circular blank by radiation in a furnace 10 (lower figure). Prior to shaping, the round blank 1 is heated to a temperature of at least Ac1 in only one section or in a plurality of sections, or preferably completely. In particular, the temperature may also be at least Ac3 or higher.
The at least sectionally hot, preferably completely hot, round blank is shaped by spin forming into an at least sectionally, preferably completely hot, wheel disc profile. The spin forming may be performed in conventional spin forming equipment. The circular blank 1 is positioned on the press chuck 21 in an at least partially, preferably completely, hot state. Alternatively, the round billet 1 can also be positioned in the cold state on the pressing chuck 21 and can subsequently be heated at least in sections, preferably completely, to a temperature of at least Ac 1. For this purpose, corresponding means can be integrated in the spin-forming apparatus, here exemplified by an adjustable inductor 23, which is spatially movable in axial and radial directions, as indicated by the double arrow. The press chucks 21 with the round billet 1 are rotated and the rotating round billet 1 is formed into the wheel disc profile 2 by means of at least one adjustable press roll 20 which is spatially movable in the axial and radial direction, as indicated by the double arrow, see fig. 2, wherein the wheel disc profile 2 exhibits the contour 22 of the press chucks on the side facing away from the press roll 20, see fig. 5. The press chuck 21 comprises at least one radially adjustable sliding element 24, see fig. 6, which is arranged in the region of the flange 2.1 to be produced on the wheel disc profile 2. The at least one sliding element 24 is adjusted to the extended position, indicated by the double arrow, before the circular blank 1 is formed, so that the material in the region of the flange 2.1 surrounds the sliding element 24 during the forming and in this way an undercut 4 is created in the flange 2.1, see fig. 6.
If it cannot be ruled out that the cooling below the temperature Ms cannot be prevented before active cooling, an at least partial reheating should be carried out, in particular at least to the temperature Ac 1. For this purpose, it is possible to use, for example, a device integrated in the apparatus, here exemplified by the inductor 23, for the targeted reheating before, during or after shaping and before active cooling.
The basic steps for producing the wheel disc 3, such as selective heating, shaping and active cooling, are advantageously carried out in a spinning apparatus, so that preferably after shaping/spinning, the wheel disc profile 2 is held on the press chuck 21 and actively cooled; at least sectionally, preferably completely, actively cooling the at least sectionally, preferably completely, hot wheel disc profile 2, such that after the active cooling, a microstructure composed of martensite and/or bainite is built up in the wheel disc 3 at least sectionally, preferably completely, in the actively cooled section, and the wheel disc 3 thereby has at least sectionally, preferably completely, a tensile strength Rm of at least 1000 MPa.
The active cooling of the wheel disc profile 2 can be carried out by applying a directly contacting cooling fluid 41, for example in a corresponding axially adjustable housing 40 with a not shown sprinkler, see fig. 4, or by bringing an adjustable die 31 with a contact surface 32, which corresponds to the contour of the side of the wheel disc profile 2 facing the contact surface 32, into contact with the wheel disc profile 2 on the side facing away from the press chuck 21, see fig. 3. The mandrel 30 and the die 31 can be adjusted in the axial direction. The mandrel 30 and the die 31 may also be actively cooled.
After active cooling, the at least one sliding element 24 is adjusted to the retracted position and the wheel disc 3 is thus released for removal.
Selective final tempering may improve the ductility of wheel disc 3.

Claims (11)

1. Method for manufacturing a wheel disc (3) for a vehicle wheel, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
-providing a circular blank (1) of hardenable carbon steel;
-heating the circular blank (1) at least sectionally to a temperature of at least Ac 1;
-forming the at least sectionally warm circular blank (1) into an at least sectionally warm wheel disc profile (2) by spin forming;
-actively cooling the at least partially hot wheel profile (2) at least partially, so that after active cooling, in the wheel disc (3) a microstructure composed of martensite and/or bainite is built up at least partially in the actively cooled section, and the wheel disc (3) thereby has a tensile strength R of at least 1000MPa at least partially m 。
2. The method of claim 1, wherein cooling below the temperature Ms is prevented by performing at least a partial reheating prior to active cooling.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an at least sectionally hot circular blank (1) is positioned on an extrusion chuck (21), the extrusion chuck (21) with the circular blank (1) is rotated, and the rotating circular blank (1) is shaped into a wheel disc profile (2) by means of at least one adjustable press roll (20), wherein the wheel disc profile (2) exhibits the contour (22, 23) of the extrusion chuck on the side facing away from the press roll (20).
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the press chuck (21) comprises at least one radially adjustable sliding element (24) which is arranged in the region of a flange (2.1) to be produced on the wheel disc profile (2), and the at least one sliding element (24) is adjusted to an extended position before the circular blank (1) is formed into the wheel disc profile (2), whereby during forming material in the region of the flange (2.1) surrounds the sliding element (24) and thereby an undercut is produced in the flange (2.1).
5. Method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein after shaping the disc profile (2) remains on the press chuck (21) and is actively cooled.
6. Method according to claim 5, wherein the active cooling of the disc profiles (2) is carried out by applying a cooling fluid (41) in direct contact.
7. Method according to claim 5, wherein the active cooling of the wheel disc shaped element (2) is carried out by bringing an adjustable die (31) with a contact surface (32) into contact with the wheel disc shaped element (2) on the side remote from the press chuck (21), said contact surface corresponding to the contour of the side of the wheel disc shaped element (2) facing the contact surface (32).
8. Method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein after active cooling, at least one of the sliding elements (24) is adjusted to a retracted position and the wheel disc (3) is thereby released for removal.
9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hardenable carbon steel contains, in addition to Fe and unavoidable production-limiting impurities, the following chemical elements in weight%:
c:0.01 to 0.5 percent,
si:0.01 to 3.0 percent,
mn:0.01 to 3.0 percent,
n: the maximum content of the active carbon is 0.1 percent,
p: the maximum content of the active carbon is 0.1 percent,
s: the maximum content of the active carbon is 0.1 percent,
optionally at least one or more elements selected from the group (Al, cr, cu, mo, ni, nb, ti, V, B, sn, ca, REM):
al: the highest content of the active carbon is 1.0 percent,
cr: the highest content of the active carbon is 1.0 percent,
cu: the maximum content of the active carbon is 1.0 percent,
mo: the highest content of the active carbon is 1.0 percent,
ni: the highest content of the active carbon is 1.0 percent,
nb: the maximum content of the active carbon is 0.2 percent,
ti: the maximum content of the active carbon is 0.2 percent,
v: the maximum content of the active carbon is 0.2 percent,
b: the highest content is 0.01 percent,
sn: the maximum content of the active carbon is 0.1 percent,
ca: the maximum content of the active carbon is 0.1 percent,
REM: the maximum is 0.2%.
10. Wheel comprising at least one wheel disc (3) produced according to the method of any one of the preceding claims, which is arranged in an opening of a rim ring and is connected with it in a force-fitting and/or material-fitting manner.
11. Use of a wheel according to claim 10 for a road vehicle, in particular for a private vehicle, a commercial vehicle, a bus or a trailer.
CN202210355394.7A 2021-04-06 2022-04-06 Method for manufacturing wheel disc of wheel Pending CN115193981A (en)

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DE102021108520.9 2021-04-06

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DE (1) DE102021108520B4 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016202381B4 (en) 2016-02-17 2022-08-18 Thyssenkrupp Ag vehicle wheel
DE102016208462B4 (en) 2016-05-18 2021-10-07 Thyssenkrupp Ag Process for producing a shaped body
DE102018209878A1 (en) 2018-06-19 2019-12-19 Thyssenkrupp Ag Method of making a wheel disc
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