CN115192763B - Multifunctional temperature-regulating wound dressing and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Multifunctional temperature-regulating wound dressing and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115192763B CN115192763B CN202210805563.2A CN202210805563A CN115192763B CN 115192763 B CN115192763 B CN 115192763B CN 202210805563 A CN202210805563 A CN 202210805563A CN 115192763 B CN115192763 B CN 115192763B
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- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical treatment, and particularly relates to a multifunctional temperature-regulating wound dressing and a preparation method and application thereof. The dressing consists of a phase-change heat-insulating layer and a long-acting antibacterial layer; wherein the phase-change heat-insulating layer consists of collagen, chitosan and phase-change microcapsules, and the mass ratio is 5:2:8, 8; the long-acting antibacterial layer consists of ceftazidime and polycaprolactone, and the mass ratio is 4:1. the specific method comprises the following steps: preparing enzyme-soluble collagen; preparing a phase-change temperature-regulating layer of the temperature-regulating wound dressing by using chitosan, phase-change microcapsules and enzyme-soluble collagen; and spinning on the surface of the phase-change temperature-regulating layer by utilizing polycaprolactone and ceftazidime through an electrostatic spinning technology to form a long-acting antibacterial layer, so as to obtain the temperature-regulating wound dressing. The dressing has various effects of resisting bacteria, stopping bleeding, regulating temperature, moisturizing, diminishing inflammation, relieving pain, etc., and can promote proliferation and migration of epidermal cells, promote re-epithelialization, accelerate wound healing, provide a proper environment for wound, and reduce pain of patients.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical treatment, and particularly relates to a multifunctional temperature-regulating wound dressing and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In daily life, scald and burn become main causes of skin tissue wounds due to negligence of safety consciousness. In addition, the problems caused by aging of population are increasingly remarkable, the occurrence frequency of chronic wound surfaces such as ulcers, pressure sores and the like related to the aging is greatly improved, and the social load is brought to the society.
When the wound surface happens, the dressing needs to be covered and protected, and the dressing needs to be replaced periodically. The traditional dressing represented by the cotton wool yarn has certain moisture absorption performance, and can also protect the skin wound surface and reduce the bacterial infection of the wound surface, but the wound surface exudates can diffuse along the fabric tissue structure of the cotton wool yarn dressing, so that the dressing is adhered to the tissue, secondary damage is easily caused when the dressing is replaced, and meanwhile, the exudates can impregnate healthy skin around the wound surface, so that the wound surface is unfavorable for tissue healing to a certain extent. Compared with the traditional dressing, the novel multifunctional dressing has good biological activity, such as antibiosis, hemostasis, antiphlogosis, temperature adjustment, growth promotion and the like, is mainly formed by compounding a synthetic polymer material, a natural biological material and related medicines in a certain mode, the synthetic polymer material with excellent biocompatibility can provide enough mechanical support, the defect of the natural biological material in the aspect of mechanical property is overcome, the natural biological material such as chitosan, alginate, gelatin, hyaluronic acid and the like, and the related medicines such as antibacterial, antiphlogistic and analgesic medicines, exogenous growth factors and the like can play roles in diminishing inflammation, relieving pain and the like, reduce exogenous infection and accelerate wound healing.
The high-moisture-absorption dressing mainly comprises chitosan dressing, and is compounded with inorganic antibacterial agent, so that the application is wide. The temperature-regulating dressing mainly comprises a shaped phase-change fiber dressing, is still in a research stage at present, and has less practical application.
Among the multifunctional dressings sold in the market at present, silver ion antibacterial dressing accounts for relatively high, but the multifunctional dressing with the functions of temperature adjustment and hemostatic effect is deficient, and further intensive research is still needed for the multifunctional dressing with the functions of temperature adjustment. Meanwhile, the market of the traditional dressing tends to be saturated, so that the additional value of the multifunctional temperature-regulating wound composite dressing can be improved by preparing the multifunctional temperature-regulating wound composite dressing, and the influence of products on the market is improved.
Unlike traditional dressings which provide passive protection to the wound surface, today effective new multifunctional dressings are not only required to protect the wound surface from the surrounding environment, but also to effectively promote the healing process by providing an optimal healing microenvironment to remove excess wound exudate and allow for a continuous tissue reconstruction process. Therefore, an ideal multifunctional dressing which is nontoxic, free of anaphylactic reaction and free of adhesion has great significance in daily life. The ideal multifunctional auxiliary materials have the following characteristics: (1) can protect the wound surface from secondary infection; (2) providing a moist wound healing environment; (3) providing insulation; (4) removable and non-traumatic to the wound surface; (5) The air permeability is good, and the skin at the covering part of the medical dressing can be guaranteed to breathe normally; (6) no particles and toxic substances; (7) Promoting the tissue reconstruction process and ensuring that the wound surface has good appearance after healing; (8) has good mechanical properties.
In view of the above, the multifunctional wound dressing is prepared by using chitosan as a base material, collagen as a hemostatic layer and phase-change microcapsules as a temperature-regulating material through an electrostatic spinning technology, so that the multifunctional wound dressing has the functions of wound protection and exudate absorption, and can effectively reduce wound infection.
The invention patent with publication number of CN106400199B discloses a phase-change temperature-regulating microcapsule dressing which is prepared from phase-change microcapsules and chitosan through a wet spinning process, but the dressing does not relate to components such as collagen, ceftazidime, polycaprolactone and the like, and is deficient in moisture absorption, moisture preservation and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a composition for preparing a temperature-regulated wound dressing, which integrates the functions of antibiosis, hemostasis, moisture absorption, temperature regulation and moisture preservation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the composition for preparing the temperature-regulating wound dressing consists of a phase-change heat-insulating layer and a long-acting antibacterial layer; the phase-change heat-insulating layer consists of collagen, chitosan and phase-change microcapsules, and the mass ratio of the phase-change heat-insulating layer to the phase-change microcapsules is 5:2:8, 8; the long-acting antibacterial layer consists of ceftazidime and polycaprolactone, and the mass ratio of the ceftazidime to the polycaprolactone is 4:1.
the collagen serving as a natural polymer material has good biocompatibility, can promote proliferation and migration of epidermal cells, promote re-epithelialization and accelerate wound healing; has certain water absorption and can absorb tissue exudates; due to the siphon principle, the porous structure of the collagen can rapidly adsorb platelets when absorbing blood and tissue fluid on the surface of a wound surface to exude, release coagulation factors and accelerate hemostasis; has good adhesion and can be used for covering wound surface for a long time. In the extracellular matrix, collagen exists in a three-dimensional network structure, consisting of a number of collagen nanofibers (50-500 nm). Therefore, in order to better simulate the extracellular matrix, the collagen is processed into a nanofiber reticular structure, so that the healing promotion effect of the collagen can be better realized.
The chitosan has antibacterial property and has good healing promoting effect in each stage of wound healing. In the inflammatory reaction stage of the wound surface, chitosan activates macrophages and promotes migration of the macrophages, so as to play a role in clearing wound surface secretion; in the granulation growth stage, chitosan accelerates the formation of granulation tissues by stimulating the secretion of type III collagen; in the epithelialization stage, chitosan promotes the regeneration of epithelial cells, accelerates the wound healing and improves the healing quality.
The phase change material is a material with specific functions, is the best choice for heat energy storage, and has good heat energy storage and buffering capacity due to relatively high phase change latent heat during phase change. During phase change, the phase change material may store and release thermal energy at a near constant temperature. The external environment temperature and humidity have great influence on healing of burns, wounds and the like, and the phase-change microcapsule is added into the multifunctional dressing, so that a warm and comfortable environment for the wounds can be provided, pain of patients is reduced, and the healing speed of the wounds is accelerated.
Further, the mass ratio of the collagen to the chitosan may be 1-8: 2, adding 1-6% of phase change microcapsule.
The second object of the invention is to provide a method for preparing a temperature-regulated wound dressing.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for preparing the temperature-regulating wound dressing adopts the composition for preparation and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing enzyme-soluble collagen;
s2: preparing a phase-change temperature-regulating layer of the temperature-regulating wound dressing by using the chitosan, the phase-change microcapsule and the enzyme-soluble collagen prepared by S1;
s3: and (2) spinning the surface of the phase-change temperature-regulating layer by using the polycaprolactone and the ceftazidime through an electrostatic spinning technology to form a long-acting antibacterial layer, thereby obtaining the temperature-regulating wound dressing.
Further, the ceftazidime may also be cefepime, vancomycin and/or mupirocin.
Further, S1 is specifically:
weighing the cowhide subjected to acidic pretreatment, cutting the cowhide into small fragments, adding deionized water into a large beaker for dissolution, stirring for 2 hours, and regulating the pH value of a sample solution to 6.8-7.0 by using a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 4% to separate out collagen fibers from the solution. Fully washing the precipitated collagen fibers with a large amount of deionized water, removing salt, and filtering with gauze; 10% AgNO 3 And (3) detecting the solution, wherein white precipitation does not exist. Weighing appropriate amount of collagen fiber, adding 0.5mol/L acetic acid (solid-liquid ratio 1:100), adding 3% (calculated according to solid content of collagen fiber) pepsin, magnetically stirring (4deg.C, 48 h), and centrifuging (4deg.C). Taking supernatant, slowly adding NaCl crystals to 2mol/L,salting out overnight at 4 ℃. Centrifuging and discarding the supernatant. Adding appropriate amount of 0.5mol/L acetic acid to dissolve collagen again, placing into dialysis bag with molecular weight cut-off of 8kDa, dialyzing for 48 hr, passing through 10% AgNO 3 The solution was checked for dialysis. And (5) weighing and packaging after freeze drying, and preserving at 4 ℃ for later use.
Further, S2 is specifically:
mixing 0.5g chitosan powder into 1% collagen and 4% MPCM with 0.5mol/L acetic acid as solvent, stirring, ultrasonic treating for 10min, cooling, and freeze drying.
Further, the electrostatic spinning parameters in S3 are: the voltage is 31kV, the injection speed is 0.004mm/s, the rotating speed of the roller is 2000rpm, and the receiving distance is 22cm.
Further, the polycaprolactone concentration is 8%; the polycaprolactone can also be polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, polylactic acid, and/or polyethylene glycol.
The invention further aims to provide the dressing for regulating Wen Chuangmian prepared by the preparation method, which consists of the porous layer with the moisture absorption performance and the compact layer with the hydrophobic performance, can well absorb exudates of a wound surface, protects the microenvironment of the wound surface, and has multiple functions of resisting bacteria, stopping bleeding, absorbing moisture, regulating temperature, preserving moisture and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the temperature-regulating wound dressing prepared by the preparation method.
Further, the temperature-regulating wound dressing has a porous structure with a porosity of 25.2%.
Further, the swelling ratio of the temperature-regulated wound dressing was 505%.
Further, the temperature-regulating wound dressing has a water retention rate of 355.8%.
It is a fourth object of the present invention to provide a method of inhibiting microbial growth with the wound dressing.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for inhibiting the microbial growth by using the wound dressing can inhibit the microbial growth by using the wound dressing, protect the microenvironment of the wound surface, induce and activate growth factors and promote the proliferation and migration of epidermal cells.
The wound dressing has antibacterial performance, and decomposition products enter cell walls in a small molecular form, so that the permeability of cell membranes is influenced by damaging the cell walls, substance transmembrane transport is hindered, active substances in the cells are deactivated, and microbial proliferation is inhibited.
It is a fifth object of the present invention to provide a method for tempering a wound with the wound dressing.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for regulating temperature of the wound by using the wound dressing can regulate temperature of the wound by using the energy storage function of the wound dressing, reduce pain of the wound and promote healing of the wound.
Further, the wound dressing is applied to the preparation of a humectant for wound healing.
Further, the use of the wound dressing in the preparation of a liquid absorbent for wound healing.
Based on the siphon principle, the porous structure of the wound dressing can also adsorb platelets rapidly and release coagulation factors to accelerate hemostasis when absorbing blood and tissue fluid on the surface of a wound.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) The multifunctional dressing prepared by the patent has the functions of antibiosis, hemostasis, moisture absorption, temperature adjustment, moisture preservation and the like;
(2) The multifunctional dressing prepared by the patent has the moisture absorption performance of the porous layer, and is favorable for absorbing exudates of wound surfaces; the compact layer has hydrophobic property and has a protection function on the wound microenvironment;
(3) The electrostatic spinning compact layer loaded with the antibacterial drugs has antibacterial and anti-adhesion capabilities, and can effectively prevent bacteria from invading; the loaded phase-change microcapsule has a good energy storage function, and improves the comfort of patients.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multifunctional wound dressing;
FIG. 2 is an infrared spectrum of two collagens;
FIG. 3 is a DSC curve of enzymatically soluble collagen;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope picture of a chitosan sponge;
FIG. 5 is a pore size distribution plot of chitosan sponge;
FIG. 6 is a phase change microcapsule transmission electron microscope image;
fig. 7 shows the phase-change microcapsule after ultrasound for different time periods, wherein the ultrasound time periods in the sequence from fig. 7-a to fig. e are as follows: 10min, 15min, 20min, 25min and 30min;
FIG. 8 shows the phase change microcapsules before and after centrifugation, wherein FIG. 7-a shows the phase change microcapsules before centrifugation, and FIG. 7-b shows the phase change microcapsules after centrifugation;
FIG. 9 is a DSC curve of a phase change microcapsule;
FIG. 10 is an SEM image of PCL electrospinning at a concentration of 5%;
FIG. 11 is an SEM image of PCL electrospinning at a concentration of 8%;
FIG. 12 is an SEM image of PCL electrospinning at a concentration of 10%;
FIG. 13 is an optical microscope image of PCL fiber under various spinning conditions;
FIG. 14 is the porosity of the dressing;
FIG. 15 is the swelling ratio of the dressing;
FIG. 16 is a graph of water retention of the dressing;
FIG. 17 is an SEM of a long-acting antimicrobial layer;
FIG. 18 is an SEM of a phase change thermal insulation layer, (a, b are method 1, c, d are method 2)
FIG. 19 is a plot of temperature rise for MPCM;
FIG. 20 is a plot of the cooling of MPCM;
FIG. 21 is a comparison of the blood before and after washing, wherein a represents before washing and b represents after washing;
fig. 22 shows the hemoglobin content of the multifunctional temperature regulated dressing.
Detailed Description
The examples are presented for better illustration of the invention, but the invention is not limited to the examples. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that many modifications and variations of the embodiments are possible in light of the above teaching, while still remaining within the scope of the present invention.
The following are the main reagents and instruments involved in the examples section:
TABLE 1 reagents
| Reagent(s) | Company (Corp) | Action |
| Chitosan | Alatine | Preparation of chitosan sponge |
| Pepsin | Alatine | Collagen extraction |
| Hexafluoroisopropanol | Alatine | Dissolving polycaprolactone |
| Polycaprolactone | SIGMA-ALDRICH | Preparation of long-acting antibacterial layer |
| Ceftazidime | Gelanine smith | Preparation of long-acting antibacterial layer |
| Phase-change microcapsule | Molecule of ao Ke Ergao | Preparation of phase-change layer |
| Collagen protein | Shanghai microphone line | Collagen extraction |
| Glacial acetic acid | Chongqing Chuandong chemical industry | Collagen extraction |
| Hemoglobin detection kit | Nanjing build | Detection of hemoglobin content |
TABLE 2 Instrument apparatus
Example 1 enzyme-soluble collagen
1. Extraction of enzyme-soluble collagen
Weighing 90g of acid pretreated cowhide, cutting the cowhide into small fragments, adding deionized water into a large beaker for dissolution, stirring for 2 hours, and regulating the pH value of a sample solution to 6.8-7.0 by using a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 4% to separate out collagen fibers from the solution. Fully washing the precipitated collagen fibers with a large amount of deionized water, removing salt, and filtering with gauze; 10% AgNO 3 And (3) detecting the solution, wherein white precipitation does not exist. Weighing appropriate amount of collagen fiber, adding 0.5mol/L acetic acid (solid-liquid ratio 1:100), adding 3% (calculated according to solid content of collagen fiber) pepsin, and magnetizingAfter stirring with force (4 ℃ C., 48 h), centrifuging (4 ℃ C.). The supernatant was taken, naCl crystals were slowly added to 2mol/L, and salting out was performed overnight at 4 ℃. Centrifuging and discarding the supernatant. Adding appropriate amount of 0.5mol/L acetic acid to dissolve collagen again, placing into dialysis bag with molecular weight cut-off of 8kDa, dialyzing for 48 hr, passing through 10% AgNO 3 The solution was checked for dialysis. And (5) weighing and packaging after freeze drying, and preserving at 4 ℃ for later use.
2. Analysis of Structure and Properties of enzyme-soluble collagen
1) Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR): about 2mg of the above lyophilized collagen sample was taken while commercially available collagen (Shanghai microphone) was used as a control. Under infrared lamp, 200mg KBr powder was mixed and pressed into tablets (16 MPa,3 min) for measurement. The FTIR is adopted to collect the sample at 4000-400 cm -1 Spectrum in the range.
Results: the secondary main chain conformation of collagen can be reacted in the infrared spectrum. FIG. 2 is a Collagen (COL) of Shanghai microphone Lin Control ) Infrared scanning spectra with self-extracting enzyme-soluble bovine hide collagen (COL i). Collagen with a complete conformation has a special triple helix structure and can be characterized by amide bonds in the infrared spectrum. In general, the FTIR profile of a typical type I collagen consists essentially of amide A (3200-3500 cm -1 Stretching vibration (hydrogen bond) peak of N-H group), amide B (2934 cm -1 About, C-N group stretching vibration), amide I (1631 cm -1 About, stretching vibration of c=o group), amide II (1529 cm -1 Left and right, C-N telescopic vibration coupling and N-H bending vibration), amide III (1200-1300 cm) -1 C-N and N-H flexural vibrations). Due to the high content of glycine and characteristic amino acids hydroxyproline and proline in collagen polypeptide and the formation of unique (Gly-Pro-Hyp) sequence, the collagen polypeptide is 1000-1400 cm -1 The spectrum range has infrared spectrum characteristics which are not available for other proteins. Table 3 the results show that: with COL Control Similarly, COL I exhibited the characteristic absorption peaks mentioned above, indicating that the extracted product had the structural characteristics of general collagen, which was collagen. Furthermore, the literature indicates that when the amide III band is as large as 1450cm -1 The absorbance ratio at (denoted as A III /A 1450 ) Close to 1When the collagen has a complete triple helix structure. We extracted COL I A III /A 1450 0.9262, the result shows that the three-strand helical structure of the COL I is complete.
TABLE 3 type I collagen FTIR peak assignment
2) Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC): about 5mg of the above lyophilized collagen sample was weighed, while commercially available collagen (Shanghai microphone) was used as a control. The sample is placed in a crucible, nitrogen is used as a protective atmosphere, and the temperature rise and fall curves are measured within the range of 0-120 ℃ at 5 ℃/min.
Differential scanning calorimetry is the measurement of the difference in power input to a sample and a reference versus temperature at a programmed temperature. The curve recorded by the differential scanning calorimeter, called DSC curve, can measure various thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the sample, such as specific heat capacity, phase diagram, reaction rate, crystallization rate, sample purity, etc. Denaturation of collagen is generally manifested by a change in molecular structure from ordered to disordered, from folded to unfolded, and these changes require energy to break the hydrogen bonds 3, so that the energy changes are accompanied and can be measured by DSC.
FIG. 3 is a DSC curve of Shanghai Miclin company collagen versus homemade enzyme-soluble bovine hide collagen. As is clear from FIG. 3, the enzyme-soluble bovine hide collagen has an endothermic peak at 55℃to indicate that the collagen structure is destroyed and denatured at this time. The thermal denaturation temperature of the collagen depends on factors such as moisture content, pH value, medium and the like, so that the enzyme-soluble collagen has high thermal stability.
Example 2 phase change microcapsule (MPCM) Material morphology and Performance analysis
1) MPCM dispersion concentration exploration: weighing a certain mass of phase change material, and respectively preparing 10%, 8%, 6%, 4%, 2% and 1% of MPCM solution by deionized water. Because the particle size of the phase-change microcapsule is small, the agglomeration tendency easily occurs in the solution, so that the phase-change microcapsule is more uniformly distributed by ultrasonic vibration for 10min, and the appearance is observed and the picture is acquired by a VAB-100-1 inverted microscope, so that the proper solution concentration is explored.
2) Influence of ultrasound time on MPCM morphology: preparing a 1% MPCM aqueous solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the solution for 10min, 15min, 20min, 25min and 30min, observing the morphology under a microscope, and representing the influence degree of the MPCM on ultrasonic time.
3) Morphology observation of Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM): and (3) dispersing a proper amount of MPCM in deionized water solution by ultrasonic, and observing the morphology and structure of the MPCM by using a TEM.
In the subsequent experiments, MPCM is required to be uniformly mixed into chitosan sponge to form a phase-change heat-insulating layer, so that the diameter of MPCM is required to be smaller than the pore diameter of the chitosan sponge, a scanning electron microscope and pore diameter distribution of the chitosan sponge are shown in fig. 4 and 5, and a transmission electron microscope of the MPCM is shown in fig. 6.
As can be seen from fig. 6, MPCM has a diameter of about 7 μm, and is smaller than the pore size of 2.5% of the chitosan sponge (fig. 5), so that MPCM can be theoretically dispersed in the chitosan sponge.
4) Pressure resistance test of MPCM: preparing 1% MPCM aqueous solution, subpackaging in a centrifuge tube, and centrifuging by adopting an L-550 table type centrifuge under the conditions of: 5000rpm,30min. And observing the forms of the MPCM solution before and after centrifugation by adopting a VAB-100-1 inverted microscope, and representing the pressure resistance of the MPCM.
The phase-change microcapsule has certain agglomeration property and is insoluble in organic solvents such as water, absolute ethyl alcohol and the like, so that the solution of the phase-change microcapsule needs to have certain diffusivity and cannot be broken under the ultrasonic condition in order to uniformly disperse the phase-change microcapsule, and the morphology of the phase-change microcapsule solution after ultrasonic treatment at different times is shown in figure 7. In the operation process, the phase-change microcapsule can bear larger pressure, so that the leakage of the internal phase-change material caused by the rupture of the phase-change microcapsule in the operation process is reduced and avoided, the capsule wall of the phase-change microcapsule needs to have certain strength, and the phase-change microcapsule is shown in fig. 8 before and after centrifugation for 30min.
As can be seen from fig. 7, after 5-30 min of gradient ultrasonic treatment, 15min of MPCM has optimal dispersibility, and the complete phase-change microcapsule shell can still be clearly observed without massive cracking; similarly, as shown in fig. 8, the phase-change microcapsules are not broken before and after centrifugation, which indicates that the phase-change microcapsules of the model have good stability and pressure resistance.
5) Temperature adjustment performance test of MPCM: 10g of MPCM was weighed, packed in a self-sealing bag to wrap a temperature probe, covered with a preservative film to prevent temperature loss, placed in a refrigerator at 4℃and a thermostatic oven at 32℃respectively, and a blank control group was set to characterize the temperature regulation performance of MPCM.
MPCM should have good heat storage properties, and its phase change properties are important indicators of the heat storage capacity of the reaction, i.e. the microcapsules used have a large heat transfer enthalpy. As shown in FIG. 9, it was confirmed by DSC analysis that each of MPCM used had an endothermic peak and an exothermic peak, and the endothermic peak at 16.03℃was melted, and 48.884J/g of heat of reaction was required, and the exothermic peak MPCM at 22.55℃was in a glassy state, and the energy of 52.496J/g was required for this process. Therefore, the MPCM can absorb and release a large amount of heat in the heating and cooling processes respectively, and has good heat storage capacity.
In summary, the optimal concentration of MPCM solution was finally determined to be 4%.
Example 3 preparation of phase-change temperature-regulating layer
1) Mode 1: 0.5g of chitosan powder is weighed, 0.5mol/L acetic acid is used as a solvent, 2.5% (w/v) chitosan solution is prepared, and the chitosan powder is frozen and dried after gradient cooling. Soaking the sponge in 4% NaOH for 2h, washing with deionized water to neutrality, and freeze drying to obtain blank control group; preparing 1% collagen by using 0.5mol/L acetic acid as a solvent, uniformly mixing with 4% MPCM, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min, and adjusting pH to neutrality after freeze drying to obtain the phase change layer of the dressing.
2) Mode 2: weighing 0.5g of chitosan powder, uniformly mixing 1% collagen and 4% MPCM with 0.5mol/L acetic acid as a solvent, preparing a mixed solution of chitosan and MPCM, uniformly stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min, performing gradient cooling, and performing freeze drying. Namely the phase change layer of the dressing.
Example 4 PCL electrospinning parameter exploration and optimization
Hexafluoroisopropanol is used as a solvent to prepare a certain amount of 10%, 8% and 5% PCL solution, and specific parameters of electrospinning are explored and optimized by adopting an electrospinning technology and adjusting voltage, propulsion rate, needle diameter, height, temperature parameters and the like. The electrospinning morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy, and the spinning parameters were optimized and determined.
Comparison of PCL spinning effects at different concentrations:
in order to prepare a long-acting antibacterial layer with uniform structure and stable performance by adopting an electrostatic spinning instrument, the concentration of PCL solution is optimized, and the apparent morphology is shown in figures 10-12. As can be seen from fig. 10 to 12, the PCL dope with a concentration of 8% has a good fiber morphology, whereas when the concentration is 10% and 5%, the instability of the jet flow during the electrostatic spinning increases due to the higher or lower viscosity of the dope, and the phenomenon of uneven fiber diameter and poor spinning effect occurs. The 8% concentration is a relatively ideal concentration of PCL dope. However, the apparent morphology graph still has some problems such as poor filament forming directivity, so that further adjustment of spinning process parameters is required to obtain electrostatic spinning fibers with good morphology. With the existing 8% electrostatic spinning data as a control group, four conditions of voltage, push injection speed, roller rotation speed and receiving distance are changed to respectively prepare different spinning fibers, and the details are shown in fig. 13. The design of the 8% PCL electrostatic spinning parameter single factor experiment is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Single factor experimental design scheme for parameters of PCL electrostatic spinning
| Numbering device | Voltage (kV) | Bolus speed (mm/s) | Roller rotating speed (rpm) | Receiving distance (cm) |
| a | 31.00 | 0.004 | 870 | 22 |
| b | 15.56 | 0.004 | 856 | 22 |
| c | 34.58 | 0.004 | 856 | 22 |
| d | 31.00 | 0.004 | 856 | 24.5 |
| e | 31.00 | 0.007 | 870 | 22 |
| f | 30.27 | 0.002 | 885 | 22 |
| g | 31.00 | 0.004 | 0 | 22 |
| h | 31.00 | 0.004 | 1500 | 22 |
| i | 31.00 | 0.004 | 2000 | 22 |
As shown in fig. 13, when the voltage is low (15.56 kV), the electric field force is small, the jet cannot be effectively and sufficiently stretched, the filament diameter is large, the requirement of the spinning fiber is not met, and when the voltage is high (34.58 kV), the electric field force applied to the spinning solution is too large, the spinning solution at the needle head is integrally stretched, effective volatilization cannot be obtained, and the fiber diameter distribution is obviously uneven; when the receiving distance is increased to 24.5cm, the fibrous membrane is relatively close to the control group; when the push speed is regulated up (0.007 mm/s) or regulated down (0.002 mm/s), spindles appear on the fiber membrane, which is probably because the push speed is too small, the injection amount of the spinning solution is too small, continuous and stable jet flow cannot be formed, and when the push speed is too large, the jet flow cannot be stretched in time, so that bad fiber morphology appears; when the roller speed was high (1500 rpm,2000 rpm), the directionality of the fibers on the fiber film tended to be significantly stable as the efficiency of the rotational speed pull jet became greater. Therefore, the ideal nano/micro fiber membrane can be obtained by selecting the electrostatic spinning parameters with the voltage of 31kV, the pushing speed of 0.004mm/s, the roller rotating speed of 2000rpm and the receiving distance of 22cm.
Example 5 multifunctional temperature-controlled dressing
On the basis of optimizing parameters, 2% (w/v) of ceftazidime is added into PCL solution, and the solution is uniformly spun on the surface of the phase-change dressing sponge through an electrostatic spinning technology, so that the long-acting antibacterial layer is prepared. And the multifunctional dressing is subjected to the following performance characterization:
(1) Determination of porosity
Immersing the dressing in absolute ethanol until saturation, measuring the weight of the dressing before and after immersing, and measuring the porosity by the formula (1):
in the above formula, m 1 And m 2 The mass of the dressing before being immersed in absolute ethyl alcohol and the mass of the dressing after being immersed in absolute ethyl alcohol are respectively shown, and V is the volume of the dressing before being immersed. ρ is the density of absolute ethanol, at least 3 samples were tested per group.
The porosity of the dressing directly influences the tissue fluid absorbing capacity, and the higher the porosity is, the denser the microporous structure is, and more tissue fluid, exudates and other fluids can be contained. As shown in fig. 14, the porosity of the multifunctional temperature-regulating wound dressing is 25.2% and less than 47.4% of the chitosan sponge control group, because the phase-change microcapsule is filled with a part of gaps in the form of microspheres after the phase-change microcapsule is added, the porosity is reduced, but a certain amount of microporous structures still exist, which is favorable for absorbing exudates of wound tissues, and also is favorable for dispersing nutrient substances and better promoting cell attachment growth.
(2) Determination of the swelling Rate
Immersing the sample in deionized water for 2 hours, taking out the sample, lightly wiping off the deionized water on the surface by using filter paper, weighing, and measuring the swelling rate according to the formula (2):
in the above formula, m 1 And m 2 The mass of the sample dressing before and after being immersed in deionized water, respectively.
An ideal multifunctional dressing should have a certain capacity to absorb tissue exudates. As shown in fig. 15, the swelling ratio of the multifunctional temperature-regulating wound dressing is 505%, and the swelling ratio is lower than 1209% of that of the blank control group due to the addition of the collagen and the phase-change microcapsules, so that the multifunctional temperature-regulating wound dressing can absorb about 5 times of the liquid, which indicates that the dressing can absorb a certain amount of wound tissue exudates.
(3) Water retention properties
Immersing the dressing in deionized water for 2 hr, placing into a centrifuge tube, filling filter paper into the bottom of the tube to absorb water removed by centrifugation, centrifuging at 1200rpm for 15min, and weighing with weight of W 2 The material is then dried in an oven to constant weight and the mass W is recorded 3 And (3) calculating the water retention rate according to the formula (3).
The moisture absorption and retention performance is one of important indexes for evaluating the multifunctional dressing, as shown in fig. 16, the water retention rate of the multifunctional temperature-regulating wound dressing is 355.8%, the blank control group is 424.2%, and the surface of the sponge dressing becomes dense due to the addition of the collagen and the phase-change microcapsule, so that the liquid is prevented from penetrating into the interior to a certain extent, and meanwhile, the internal pores are reduced, so that the water retention performance of the dressing is affected.
(4) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
After the sample is brittle through liquid nitrogen, spraying metal for 30s, and observing the surface antibacterial layer and the section morphology of the multifunctional dressing under the condition of 3kV voltage.
As shown in FIG. 17, after the electrostatic spinning treatment, the 8% PCL and 2% ceftazidime blend solution forms a fiber membrane with uniform thickness and smooth surface, which proves that the long-acting antibacterial layer has good film forming effect and smooth and compact surface.
As shown in FIG. 18, in the SEM image of the phase-change thermal insulation layer prepared by adding MPCM into a neutral chitosan sponge prepared by the method 1 in the example, the MPCM is not distributed in the chitosan sponge, but a small amount of microspheres are arranged at the edge, and the detail is shown in FIG. 18-a, which shows that the composite effect is not ideal. And SEM pictures of the phase-change heat-insulating layer prepared by mixing MPCM and 2.5% chitosan solution and freeze-drying can see that the MPCM is well compounded with chitosan and collagen and uniformly distributed in the phase-change temperature-regulating layer. So that the phase-change heat-insulating layer is finally prepared by the method 2.
(5) Temperature regulating performance test
And uniformly wrapping a certain amount of dressing on the temperature probe, externally surrounding and fixing the dressing by using a preservative film so as to prevent the sample from falling off and affecting the experimental result, respectively placing the dressing and a blank control group in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ and a constant-temperature drying oven at 32 ℃, and measuring the corresponding temperature every 2min within 20min so as to detect the temperature regulating capability of the dressing in the process of increasing and decreasing the temperature.
MPCM is required to have good temperature regulating effect as the main heat insulating material of the phase change heat insulating layer, and has good buffering capacity to external temperature change, and the dynamic temperature regulating effect of MPCM is shown in figures 19-20.
In the process of temperature rise and temperature reduction, the MPCM temperature change adopted in the experiment is obviously lagged behind that of the blank control group. Specifically, in the heating process from 16 ℃ to 32 ℃, the blank control group reaches the ambient temperature (31.2 ℃) within about 3min, namely the highest value, and the MPCM still does not reach the ambient temperature after 20 min; in the cooling process from 28 ℃ to 4 ℃, the blank group has reached the ambient temperature in about 5min, and the MPCM has not reached the ambient temperature after 20 min. Experimental results show that the MPCM has strong buffering and adjusting capabilities for the external environment temperature. In a high temperature environment, MPCM can absorb a large amount of latent heat through phase transformation to store energy, and in a low temperature environment, MPCM can release a large amount of latent heat through phase transformation to regulate temperature, and the result is consistent with FIG. 9, which shows that the MPCM meets the requirement and can be used for preparing a temperature regulating functional layer with excellent performance.
(6) In vitro coagulation test
First, 100. Mu.L of blood was dropped on each sample surface, incubated at 37℃for 5min, and then rinsed with 50mL of distilled water to remove non-coagulated red blood cells. The clot for each sample was quantified using a hemoglobin detection solution according to the standard. The absorbance of each sample was measured at a wavelength of 540nm using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The hemoglobin content is measured by formula (4):
hemoglobin content (g/L) = (OD-OD) 0 )×367.7 (4)
Wherein OD 0 The absorbance value is blank, and the OD is absorbance value.
As shown in fig. 21, when the blood dropped on the dressing is washed, it is obvious that there is still a lot of blood on the dressing, and after detection by the ultraviolet spectrophotometer, the hemoglobin content of the phase change heat preservation layer of the dressing is higher than that of the long-acting antibacterial layer. The phase-change heat-insulating layer has better in-vitro coagulation performance. This is because the collagen-bearing chitosan sponge has a good porous network structure, and its capillary action can absorb a large amount of seepage. The long-acting antibacterial layer has hydrophobicity due to compact surface and thinner thickness of the electrostatic spinning fiber membrane, so that the long-acting antibacterial layer does not have good in-vitro coagulation performance. It is noted that the test results show that the hemoglobin content of the control group is equivalent to that of the phase-change heat-insulating layer, and the blood coagulation effect of the phase-change heat-insulating layer is better than that of gauze from the appearance, and the two are inconsistent, as shown in fig. 22. Presumably, the porous sponge is used for absorbing and coagulating blood into the internal pores, and the porous sponge is not dissolved in the detection liquid during the test, so that the detection content is low, and the further verification is needed.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the temperature-regulating wound dressing is characterized in that the temperature-regulating wound dressing consists of a phase-change heat-insulating layer and a long-acting antibacterial layer; the phase-change heat-insulating layer consists of enzyme-soluble collagen, chitosan and phase-change microcapsules, and the mass ratio of the phase-change heat-insulating layer to the phase-change microcapsules is 5:2:8, 8; the long-acting antibacterial layer consists of ceftazidime and polycaprolactone, and the mass ratio of the ceftazidime to the polycaprolactone is 4:1, a step of; the preparation method of the temperature-regulating wound dressing comprises the following steps:
s1: preparation of enzyme-soluble collagen: cutting the cowhide subjected to the acid pretreatment, adding deionized water for dissolution, stirring for 2 hours, and then adopting a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 4% to adjust the pH value to be 6.8-7.0 so as to separate out collagen fibers from the solution; washing precipitated collagen fibers by deionized water, removing salt, and filtering to obtain collagen fibers; adding 0.5mol/L acetic acid and 3% pepsin into collagen fiber, stirring and centrifuging, collecting supernatant, slowly adding NaCl crystal to 2mol/L, salting out at 4deg.C overnight, centrifuging, and discarding supernatant; adding 0.5mol/L acetic acid to dissolve collagen again, putting into a dialysis bag with the molecular weight cut-off of 8kDa, dialyzing for 48h, and freeze-drying to obtain the enzyme-soluble collagen;
s2: preparing a phase-change temperature-regulating layer: the preparation method of the enzyme-soluble collagen prepared by using the chitosan, the phase-change microcapsule and the S1 comprises the steps of uniformly mixing chitosan powder into 1% of collagen and 4% of MPCM by using 0.5mol/L acetic acid as a solvent, preparing a mixed solution of the chitosan and the MPCM, uniformly stirring, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min; freezing and drying after gradient cooling to obtain a phase-change temperature-regulating layer of the temperature-regulating wound dressing;
s3: spinning on the surface of the phase-change temperature-regulating layer S2 by using the polycaprolactone and the ceftazidime through an electrostatic spinning technology to form a long-acting antibacterial layer, so as to obtain the temperature-regulating wound dressing; and S3, electrostatic spinning parameters are as follows: the voltage is 31kV, the injection speed is 0.004mm/s, the rotating speed of a roller is 2000rpm, and the receiving distance is 22cm; the polycaprolactone concentration was 8%.
2. The temperature-regulated wound dressing according to claim 1, wherein the polycaprolactone is further selected from the group consisting of polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymers, polylactic acid and polyethylene glycol.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature-regulated wound dressing has a porous structure with a porosity of 25.2%.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature-regulated wound dressing has a swelling ratio of 505%.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature-regulated wound dressing has a water retention of 355.8%.
6. Use of a temperature-regulated wound dressing prepared by the preparation method according to claim 1 for preparing an inhibitor for inhibiting microbial growth, wherein the wound dressing is used for inhibiting microbial growth, protecting wound microenvironment, inducing and activating growth factors, and promoting proliferation and migration of epidermal cells.
7. Use of a temperature-regulated wound dressing prepared by the preparation method according to claim 1 for preparing a product for wound temperature regulation, characterized in that the energy storage function of the wound dressing is used for regulating temperature of a wound, reducing pain of the wound and promoting wound healing.
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