CN115189087A - Battery case, method of manufacturing the same, and battery pack - Google Patents
Battery case, method of manufacturing the same, and battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN115189087A CN115189087A CN202210806886.3A CN202210806886A CN115189087A CN 115189087 A CN115189087 A CN 115189087A CN 202210806886 A CN202210806886 A CN 202210806886A CN 115189087 A CN115189087 A CN 115189087A
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- heat exchange
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- exchange liquid
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 38
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/202—Casings or frames around the primary casing of a single cell or a single battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the field of parts for vehicles, and relates to a battery shell, a manufacturing method of the battery shell and a battery pack. Including at least one casing body, every casing body has at least one and battery monomer matching's battery and holds the chamber, and at least one heat exchange liquid passageway has been seted up in at least one lateral wall in the lateral wall that the casing body corresponds every battery and holds the chamber, and the chemical composition of casing body includes: 0.2 to 0.8% of Si, 0.2 to 0.8% of Fe, 0.7 to 1.5% of Mn, 0.2 to 1.2% of Mg, 0.1 to 0.3% of Cr, 0.1 to 0.2% of Ti, 0.02 to 0.3% of rare earth element, and 94.9 to 98.18% of Al. A method of manufacturing a battery case, comprising: the shell body is manufactured by adopting an extrusion forming mode. The battery pack comprises at least one battery cell and the battery shell. The battery case that this application provided, its security is good, and heat exchange efficiency is high, and production technology is simple.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of parts for vehicles, in particular to a battery shell, a manufacturing method thereof and a battery pack.
Background
The power battery and the similar energy storage battery which take the new energy automobile as an application contract are gradually and widely applied, and along with the requirements on the charging speed and the continuous improvement of the charging voltage and the changeful use environment of the electric automobile, the cooling and the heating of the battery become the important key problems which hinder the improvement of the battery performance.
The cooling of traditional battery divide into forced air cooling, liquid cooling and phase transition cooling, and forced air cooling is influenced by the environment greatly and heating effect is poor because of its inefficiency, has been eliminated under the high-end application scene. And liquid cooling and phase transition cooling all adopt the water-cooling plate structure to dispel the heat, to square and laminate polymer battery, because the water-cooling board is often laid in the battery module bottom, heat dissipation and heating area are little, and efficiency and speed are all very low down, if improve the speed of charging, then the generating heat of battery inevitable. If the battery is used in winter, the heating of the battery consumes more energy, so that the improvement of the charging and discharging performance of the battery is limited.
There are also design attempts to arrange the water cooling plate on the large-area surface of the battery and clamp the water cooling plate between each battery, but as the number of parts of the water cooling plate is increased, the thickness of the water cooling plate also extrudes the battery arrangement space, which is not beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery.
The conventional battery case design (taking a square case as an example) is a thin-wall aluminum alloy structure, and the front end and the rear end of the battery case are welded and sealed. The thickness of the battery case is about 0.7-1mm, and the material of the battery case adopts the conventional 3003 material. The high-strength aluminum alloy has the characteristics that the tensile strength in the O state is only greater than 95MPa and is equivalent to the strength of pure aluminum, the yield strength can be improved to be more than 100MPa in the H state only after cold processing strengthening (including cold processing technologies such as drawing, fine drawing and the like), and the elongation is only 3-5%. Therefore, in the production process of the conventional battery case, the thick-wall-shaped battery case blank is firstly produced by hot extrusion, and then the cold machining process is required to reduce the wall thickness of the blank to the required thickness, otherwise the strength cannot meet the requirement. Meanwhile, the elongation is only 3-5%, and the battery is easy to crack to cause battery leakage in the process of bearing collision deformation, so that thermal runaway of the battery is caused, and loss is enlarged.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a battery case, a method of manufacturing the same, and a battery pack, which improve at least one of the problems mentioned in the background.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery case, including at least one case body, where each case body has at least one battery accommodating cavity matched with a battery cell, at least one heat exchange liquid channel is formed in at least one of side walls of the case body corresponding to each battery accommodating cavity, and each heat exchange liquid channel is used for introducing heat exchange liquid to perform heat exchange with the battery cell;
the chemical components of the shell body comprise the following components in percentage by mass:
0.2 to 0.8% of Si, 0.2 to 0.8% of Fe, 0.7 to 1.5% of Mn, 0.2 to 1.2% of Mg, 0.1 to 0.3% of Cr, 0.1 to 0.2% of Ti, 0.02 to 0.3% of rare earth element, and 94.9 to 98.18% of Al.
In an optional embodiment, the battery case further includes a heat exchange liquid distribution member and a heat exchange liquid collection member, and each heat exchange liquid channel extends in the same direction as the length direction of the battery accommodating chamber and penetrates through the two opposite ends of the case body;
the quantity of casing body is 1, and the casing body all has at least two battery that set up side by side and holds the chamber, and heat exchange liquid distribution spare sets up in the one end of casing body and the one end intercommunication of every heat exchange liquid passageway, and heat exchange liquid collects the piece and sets up in the other end of casing body and the other end intercommunication of every heat exchange liquid passageway.
In an optional embodiment, the battery case further comprises a heat exchange liquid distribution member and a heat exchange liquid collection member, and each heat exchange liquid channel extends in the same direction as the length direction of the battery accommodating cavity and penetrates through two opposite ends of the case body;
the quantity of casing body is a plurality of, and the shape of every casing body is the rectangular bodily form, and every casing body all has a battery and holds the chamber, and a plurality of casing bodies set up side by side and constitute an integrated body, and heat exchange liquid distribution spare sets up in the one end of integrated body and the one end intercommunication of every heat exchange liquid passageway, and heat exchange liquid collects the piece and sets up in the other end of integrated body and the other end intercommunication of every heat exchange liquid passageway.
In an optional embodiment, the battery case further includes a heat exchange liquid distribution member and a heat exchange liquid collection member, and each heat exchange liquid channel extends in the same direction as the length direction of the battery accommodating chamber and penetrates through the two opposite ends of the case body;
the quantity of casing body is a plurality of, and the shape of every casing body is the rectangular bodily form, and every casing body all has a plurality of batteries that set up side by side and holds the chamber, and a plurality of casing bodies set up side by side and constitute an integrated body, and heat exchange liquid distribution spare sets up in the one end of integrated body and the one end intercommunication of every heat exchange liquid passageway, and heat exchange liquid collects the piece and sets up in the other end of integrated body and the other end intercommunication of every heat exchange liquid passageway.
In an alternative embodiment, the chemical composition of the housing body further comprises, in mass percent, 0.1-0.3% zr.
In an alternative embodiment, the rare earth element is selected from at least one of Er and Sc.
In an alternative embodiment, the chemical composition of the shell body comprises, in mass percent, 0.02-0.2% sc and 0.02-0.3 Er;
in an alternative embodiment, the chemical composition of the shell body contains 0.02 to 0.3% by mass of li.
In an alternative embodiment, each heat exchange fluid channel is rectangular and has a thickness of 0.4 to 0.6mm.
In an alternative embodiment, each battery receiving cavity has two opposite narrow side walls corresponding to the size of the battery cell and two opposite wide side walls corresponding to the width of the battery cell; at least one of the two wide side walls is provided with a heat exchange liquid channel, and the thickness of the side wall provided with the heat exchange liquid channel is 1.2-1.4 mm.
In an optional embodiment, one of the two wide side walls is provided with a heat exchange liquid channel, the other wide side wall is not provided with the heat exchange liquid channel, and the thickness of the wide side wall which is not provided with the heat exchange liquid channel is 0.3-0.4 mm.
In an alternative embodiment, each narrow side wall has a thickness of 1 to 1.2mm.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a method of manufacturing a battery case, including: the shell body is manufactured by adopting an extrusion forming mode.
In an alternative embodiment, a method of manufacturing a housing body includes: and extruding and forming the aluminum ingot with the temperature of 510-580 ℃.
In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises heating the aluminum ingot to 510-580 ℃ before extrusion forming, and then turning the skin to remove the oxide film.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack, which includes at least one battery cell and any one of the battery cases described above or the battery case manufactured by the above manufacturing method, where the at least one battery cell is disposed in the at least one battery accommodating cavity in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the chemical composition of this application casing body has got rid of the copper that contains among them through on the basis of conventional 3003 aluminum alloy to promote the corrosion resisting property of aluminum alloy, and give aluminum alloy welding property, added the magnesium of suitable amount in the alloy and promoted the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy to the coolant liquid, added the rare earth element of suitable amount in the alloy, promoted the intensity and the rigidity of aluminum alloy. This application is through the design to the aluminum alloy composition, make the aluminum alloy on 3003 aluminum alloy's basis, the percentage elongation can be promoted to 18 ~ 22% from 3 ~ 5% originally, thereby make the battery case be difficult for the fracture in the collision, promote the security of battery, and because the redesign of composition enables this aluminum alloy can be through the structure of hot extrusion technology one shot forming for the casing body of this application design, and reach and exceed the material strength that original cold working reinforce could reach even, thereby simplify the production technology, promote production efficiency, reduce the fixed asset investment and the energy consumption pollution of production end.
This kind of structural design of this application casing body has cancelled the water-cooling board, with cooling circuit integration among the casing body, has both increased the efficiency of cooling or heating, has also reduced water-cooling board part to reduce the number of piles of conducting heat between coolant liquid and the battery simultaneously, promoted the performance of cooling and heating, alleviateed the weight of battery structure simultaneously.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 and 2 are schematic structural diagrams of a case body of a battery case provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of area A of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a battery case according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
6-8 are schematic diagrams of three different structures of a case body of a battery case provided in an embodiment of the present application, respectively;
fig. 9 to 12 are schematic diagrams of four different structures of a case body of a battery case provided in an embodiment of the present application, respectively;
FIGS. 13-15 are schematic diagrams illustrating various heat-exchange fluid distribution manners of a "multi-case, one-chamber per case" battery case according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 16-19 are schematic diagrams illustrating a distribution manner of multiple heat-exchange fluids of a "multi-shell, multi-cavity per shell" type battery case according to an embodiment of the present application.
An icon: 10-a battery pack; 11-upper module shell; 12-lower module shell; 100-battery case; 101-an integrated body; 110-a housing body; 111-a battery receiving cavity; 112-heat exchange fluid channel; 113-wide side walls; 114-narrow sidewalls; a 120-heat exchange fluid distribution member; 130-a collection of heat exchange fluids.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The embodiment of the application provides a battery case 100, a preparation method thereof and a battery pack 10.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the battery case 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes at least one case body 110, each case body 110 has at least one battery accommodating cavity 111 matched with a battery cell, at least one heat exchange liquid channel 112 is formed in at least one of the side walls of each battery accommodating cavity 111 corresponding to the case body 110, and each heat exchange liquid channel 112 is used for introducing a heat exchange liquid to perform heat exchange with the battery cell;
the chemical composition of the housing body 110 includes, in mass percent:
0.2 to 0.8% of Si, 0.2 to 0.8% of Fe, 0.7 to 1.5% of Mn, 0.2 to 1.2% of Mg, 0.1 to 0.3% of Cr, 0.1 to 0.2% of Ti, 0.02 to 0.3% of rare earth element, and 94.9 to 98.18% of Al.
The chemical composition of the shell body 110 of the application is that on the basis of the conventional 3003 aluminum alloy, copper contained in the aluminum alloy is removed to improve the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy and endow the aluminum alloy with welding performance, magnesium is added into the alloy in a proper amount to improve the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy to cooling liquid, rare earth elements are added into the alloy in a proper amount to improve the strength and rigidity of the aluminum alloy. This application is through the design to the aluminum alloy composition, make the aluminum alloy on 3003 aluminum alloy's basis, the percentage elongation can be promoted 18 ~ 22% from 3 ~ 5% originally, thereby make the battery case difficult fracture in the collision, promote the security of battery, and because the redesign of composition enables this aluminum alloy can be through the structure of hot extrusion technology one shot forming for the casing body 110 of this application design, and reach and surpass original cold working strengthening could reach's material strength even, thereby simplify the production technology, promote production efficiency, reduce the fixed asset investment and the energy consumption pollution of production end.
This kind of structural design of this application casing body 110 has cancelled the water-cooling board, with cooling circuit integration among casing body 110, both increased the efficiency of cooling or heating, has reduced the water-cooling board part again to the number of piles of having reduced heat transfer between coolant liquid and the battery simultaneously, promoted the performance of cooling and heating, alleviateed the weight of battery structure simultaneously.
Therefore, in the battery case 100 of the present application, due to the chemical composition and the structural design of the case body 110, the heat transfer efficiency of the battery case 100 is effectively improved, and on this premise, the strength and the rigidity of the battery case 100 are improved, the structural strength and the collision resistance of the battery are improved, and the weight of the battery case 100 is also reduced.
Regarding the chemical composition of the housing body 110:
preferably, the chemical composition of the case body 110 further includes 0.1 to 0.3% by mass of Zr.
The chemical component is added with zirconium, so that the strength of the shell body 110 can be further improved, particularly, the zirconium and the rare earth element can play a synergistic effect, and the strength of the shell body 110 can be obviously improved.
Preferably, in order to ensure that the mechanical properties such as strength of the case body 110 can be further improved, the rare earth element is selected from at least one of Er and Sc.
Preferably, to ensure better performance of case body 110 on the premise that the manufacturing cost is acceptable, the chemical composition of case body 110 is 0.02 to 0.2% by mass of Sc and 0.02 to 0.3Er;
further, the chemical composition of the case body 110 contains 0.02 to 0.3% by mass of Li.
The addition of the lithium element can further improve mechanical properties such as ductility and wear resistance of the case body 110.
Regarding the structure of the case body 110:
the housing body 110 of the present application is rectangular parallelepiped to facilitate the matching with an electric appliance (e.g., an electric car), and the battery housing cavity 111 is also rectangular parallelepiped to facilitate the matching with a battery cell.
Preferably, in order to ensure the strength and the heat exchange capability of the housing body 110, the number of the heat exchange liquid channels 112 is generally multiple, and the specific number of the heat exchange liquid channels 112 can be adjusted according to the use requirement.
Preferably, each heat exchange fluid channel 112 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape and a thickness c of 0.4 to 0.6mm.
The heat exchange fluid channel 112 with such a thickness can ensure a better heat transfer efficiency and avoid an excessive volume of the casing.
Specifically, each battery receiving cavity 111 has opposite two narrow side walls 114 corresponding to the size of the battery cell and opposite two wide side walls 113 corresponding to the width of the battery cell.
If the wide side wall 113 is not provided with the heat exchange liquid channel 112, the thickness of the side wall is 0.3-0.4 mm to meet the strength requirement due to the special design of the chemical components of the housing body 110 of the present application, and the thickness is thinner than that of the side wall of the battery case structure provided with the water cooling plate system at present.
For example, the thickness c of the heat exchange liquid channel 112 is 0.5mm, and the thickness d of the two opposite sides of the heat exchange liquid channel 112 is 0.4mm to meet the strength requirement, the thickness e of the wide side wall 113 provided with the heat exchange liquid channel 112 is 0.4+0.5+0.4mm and is equal to 1.3mm, and even if the thickness e of the wide side wall 113 provided with the heat exchange liquid channel 112 is 1.3mm, the thickness still has a volume advantage relative to the way of sandwiching the water cooling plate in the middle of the housing, so that the volume utilization rate of the battery pack 10 is higher, the water cooling plate and related parts are reduced, and the energy density of the whole battery pack 10 is also improved.
Preferably, the thickness h of each narrow sidewall 114 may be 1 to 1.2mm.
The application provides a casing body 110, because its chemical composition's design makes its accessible hot extrusion moulding, consequently can make the thickness h of narrow side wall 114 to 1 ~ 1.2mm, and this thickness is slightly thick for current battery case thickness, can play the rigidity after promoting whole module and arranging, promotes the effect of battery package 10 and the free structural strength of battery. It is of course to be noted that even if the thickness of the narrow side walls is less than 1mm, for example the same as the thickness of the wide side walls, the mechanical properties are sufficient to achieve the technical effect claimed in the present application.
At least one heat exchange liquid channel 112 is formed in at least one of the side walls of the housing body 110 corresponding to each battery accommodating cavity 111, for example, the heat exchange liquid channel 112 may be formed in 1, 2, 3 or 4 side walls.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the battery case 100 further includes a heat exchange liquid distribution member 120 and a heat exchange liquid collection member 130, each of the heat exchange liquid channels 112 extends in the same direction as the length direction of the battery receiving cavity 111 and penetrates opposite ends of the case body 110. Since the material of the housing body 110 is redesigned to have a welding performance, the heat-exchange fluid distribution member 120 and the heat-exchange fluid collection member 130 are connected to the housing body by laser welding.
The heat exchange fluid distribution member 120 is filled with a heat exchange fluid (a cooling fluid or a heating fluid for cooling the battery when the battery is at a high temperature, or a heating fluid for heating the battery when the battery is at an extremely cold weather, where the heat exchange fluid mainly refers to a cooling fluid), the heat exchange fluid is distributed to each heat exchange fluid channel 112 to flow through the side wall of each battery accommodating cavity 111 to exchange heat with the battery cell, and the heat-exchanged fluid is finally collected in the heat exchange fluid collection member 130 to be uniformly conveyed out of the battery pack.
The specific structure related to the embodiment of the application has three types.
First, multi-shell, one cavity per shell:
the battery case 100 has a plurality of case bodies 110, each of the case bodies 110 is shaped like a rectangular parallelepiped, each of the case bodies 110 has a battery accommodating chamber 111, all the case bodies 110 are arranged side by side to form an integrated body 101, the heat-exchange liquid distributing member 120 is disposed at one end of the integrated body 101 and is communicated with one end of each of the heat-exchange liquid channels, and the heat-exchange liquid collecting member 130 is disposed at the other end of the integrated body 101 and is communicated with the other end of each of the heat-exchange liquid channels.
For a multi-shell structure, one cavity of each shell is formed, the wide side walls 113 of two adjacent battery accommodating cavities 111 are attached together, and in the structure, preferably, a plurality of heat exchange liquid channels 112 are arranged on one of the two wide side walls 113 attached to the two adjacent battery accommodating cavities 111, and the thickness of the other side wall is thinner than that of the side wall provided with the heat exchange liquid channels 112, so that two adjacent battery accommodating cavities 111 share the same heat exchange liquid channel 112, and thus, efficient heat exchange can be realized, and the case wall can be prevented from being too thick.
As shown in fig. 1 and 6-8, the heat exchange liquid channels 112 are arranged on the side walls of the shell body 110, and fig. 1 shows that a plurality of heat exchange liquid channels 112 are respectively arranged on 1 wide side wall 113 and one narrow side wall 114; fig. 6 shows that a plurality of heat exchange liquid channels 112 are formed in each of the four side walls, fig. 7 shows that a plurality of heat exchange liquid channels 112 are formed in one wide side wall 113, and fig. 8 shows that a plurality of heat exchange liquid channels 112 are formed in a narrow side wall 114.
As shown in fig. 13, fig. 13 corresponds to fig. 6, and fig. 13 is a schematic structural view illustrating a battery case 100 assembled in parallel by a plurality of case bodies 110 each having a heat exchange fluid channel formed on four sidewalls as shown in fig. 6, wherein the arrows indicate the flow direction of the coolant.
As shown in fig. 14, fig. 14 corresponds to fig. 7, and fig. 13 is a schematic structural view illustrating a battery case 100 in which a plurality of case bodies 110, as shown in fig. 7, in which heat exchange fluid passages are provided in one wide side wall 113, are assembled side by side, wherein arrows indicate the flow direction of the coolant.
As shown in fig. 15, fig. 15 corresponds to fig. 8, fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of a battery case 100 assembled in parallel by a plurality of case bodies 110 having heat exchange fluid passages provided on narrow side walls 114 as shown in fig. 8, and arrows in the drawing indicate the flow direction of the coolant. This approach of feeding liquid at the narrow side walls on one side is equivalent to the integration of the lower water cooled plate into the cell housing.
The above arrangement of the heat exchange liquid channels 112 is only an example, and how to arrange the heat exchange liquid channels can be combined according to the heat exchange requirement, if the cooling requirement is not high and only one side is needed for cooling, the specific arrangement of the heat exchange liquid channels is simpler, for example, as shown in fig. 14 and 15. If the cooling requirement is high and multi-sided cooling is required, the specific arrangement of the heat exchange fluid passages is somewhat complicated, such as shown in fig. 13.
Second, a shell, each shell having multiple cavities:
the battery case 100 has a case body 110, the case body 110 has at least two battery receiving cavities 111 arranged in parallel, a heat exchange liquid distribution member 120 is disposed at one end of the case body 110 to communicate with one end of each heat exchange liquid channel, and a heat exchange liquid collection member 130 is disposed at the other end of the case body 110 to communicate with the other end of each heat exchange liquid channel.
For the multi-shell and multi-cavity structure, two adjacent battery accommodating cavities 111 share one wide side wall 113, and in the structure, a plurality of heat exchange liquid channels 112 are preferably formed in the wide side wall 113 to realize that two adjacent battery accommodating cavities 111 share the heat exchange liquid channel 112, so that efficient heat exchange can be realized, and the case wall can be prevented from being too thick.
Third, multishell, each multicell:
the battery case 100 has a plurality of case bodies 110, each of the case bodies 110 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, each of the case bodies 110 has a plurality of battery receiving cavities 111 arranged in parallel, the plurality of case bodies 110 are arranged in parallel to form an integrated body 101, a heat exchange liquid distributing member 120 is disposed at one end of the integrated body 101 to communicate with one end of each heat exchange liquid channel, and a heat exchange liquid collecting member 130 is disposed at the other end of the integrated body 101 to communicate with the other end of each heat exchange liquid channel.
For a multi-shell structure, each shell has multiple cavities, in one shell body 110, two adjacent battery accommodating cavities 111 share one wide side wall 113, and in such a structure, preferably, a plurality of heat exchange liquid channels 112 are formed on the wide side wall 113 to realize that two adjacent battery accommodating cavities 111 share the heat exchange liquid channel 112; for two adjacent battery accommodating cavities 111 respectively belonging to two adjacent housing bodies 110, the wide side walls 113 of the two adjacent battery accommodating cavities are attached together, preferably, a plurality of heat exchange liquid channels 112 are arranged on one of the two wide side walls 113 attached to the two adjacent battery accommodating cavities 111, and the thickness of the other side wall is thinner than that of the side wall provided with the heat exchange liquid channels 112, so that the two adjacent battery accommodating cavities 111 share the same heat exchange liquid channel 112, and thus, efficient heat exchange can be realized, and the excessive thickness of the housing wall can be avoided.
As shown in fig. 9 to 12, for the four side walls corresponding to each battery accommodating cavity 111, fig. 9 shows that a plurality of heat exchange liquid channels 112 are formed on 1 wide side wall 113 and one narrow side wall 114; fig. 10 shows a plurality of heat exchange fluid channels 112 formed in each of the four side walls, fig. 11 shows a plurality of heat exchange fluid channels 112 formed in one wide side wall 113, and fig. 12 shows a plurality of heat exchange fluid channels 112 formed in one narrow side wall 114.
As shown in fig. 16, fig. 16 corresponds to fig. 10, and fig. 16 is a schematic structural view illustrating a battery case 100 assembled in parallel by a plurality of case bodies 110 having heat exchange fluid passages provided in four sidewalls as shown in fig. 10, in which arrows indicate the flow direction of the coolant.
As shown in fig. 17, fig. 17 corresponds to fig. 12, and fig. 17 is a schematic structural view illustrating a battery case 100 in which a plurality of case bodies 110, in which heat exchange fluid passages are provided in one narrow side wall as shown in fig. 12, are assembled side by side, wherein the arrows indicate the flow direction of the coolant.
As shown in fig. 18, fig. 18 corresponds to fig. 11, and fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of a battery case 100 in which a plurality of case bodies 110, as shown in fig. 11, in which heat exchange fluid passages are provided in one wide side wall are assembled side by side, and an arrow indicates a flow direction of a coolant.
Fig. 19, 19 and 9 are views, and fig. 18 is a schematic view showing a structure in which a plurality of case bodies 110, in which heat exchange fluid passages are provided in one wide side wall and in one narrow side wall as shown in fig. 9, are assembled in parallel to form a battery case 100, wherein arrows indicate the flow direction of coolant.
The above arrangement manners of the heat exchange liquid channels 112 are only examples, and how to arrange the heat exchange liquid channels may be combined according to the heat exchange requirement, and if the cooling requirement is not high and only one side is needed for cooling, the specific arrangement manner of the heat exchange liquid channels is simpler, for example, as shown in fig. 17 and 18. If the cooling requirement is high and multi-sided cooling is required, the specific arrangement of the heat exchange fluid passages is somewhat complex, such as shown in fig. 16 or 19.
The three types of battery cases have better use effects in practical application, and the specific use needs are determined according to which type of battery case is selected. For example, fig. 16-19 show 5 housing bodies assembled side by side to form a battery housing, each housing body being produced by extrusion of 4 individual cells combined into a single die set. In practical application, the cross-sectional size of the battery cell can be selected according to the requirements of customers. In extreme application scenarios, a plurality of modules of the whole battery pack can be combined into one-time extrusion molding, namely the one-shell and multi-cavity battery shell, and the battery shell reduces fixed parts and weight among the modules to the maximum extent.
The embodiment of the present application also provides a method for manufacturing the battery case 100, including: the housing body 110 is manufactured by extrusion molding.
Preferably, the method of manufacturing the case body 110 includes: extruding and forming the aluminum ingot with the temperature of 510-580 ℃.
Further, heating an aluminum ingot to 510-580 ℃ before extrusion molding, and then peeling to remove an oxide film, in order to ensure the quality of the prepared shell body 110.
The manufacturing method specifically comprises the following steps:
heating an aluminum ingot with the same chemical components to 510-580 ℃, removing an oxidation film from a wagon, putting the aluminum ingot into an extruder, pressurizing to form the aluminum material through a die, cooling and straightening, and cutting the aluminum material into required length.
As shown in fig. 5, an embodiment of the present application further provides a battery pack 10, which includes at least one battery cell, the battery case 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application, or the battery case 100 manufactured by the manufacturing method provided in the embodiment of the present application, where the at least one battery cell is disposed in at least one battery accommodating cavity 111 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, that is, a battery cell having a size that is exactly matched with the size of the battery accommodating cavity 111 is disposed in each battery accommodating cavity 111.
Further, the battery pack 10 further includes an upper module case 11 and a lower module case 12, the upper module case 11 and the lower module case 12 are fastened to each other, and the battery case 100 and the battery cell are disposed inside a cavity formed by the upper module case 11 and the lower module case 12.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with specific experimental examples.
Experimental example 1
The mechanical properties of the samples prepared in the following experimental groups were tested, and each test sample was uniformly pressed into a thin plate having a thickness of 1mm for testing.
Experimental group 1:
the chemical composition of the sample is as follows:
0.2% Si, 0.8% Fe, 1.5% Mn, 0.2% Mg, 0.3% Cr, 0.1% Ti, 0.02% Sc, 0.2% Zr, 0.02% Li and the balance Al.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
heating the aluminum ingot to 510 ℃ for extrusion molding.
Experimental group 2:
the chemical components are as follows:
0.8% Si, 0.2% Fe, 0.7% Mn, 1.2% Mg, 0.1% Cr, 0.2% Ti, 0.05% Sc, 0.05% Er, 0.3% Zr, and the balance Al.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
heating the aluminum ingot to 580 ℃ to extrude and form.
Experimental group 3:
the chemical components are as follows:
0.5% Si, 0.5% Fe, 1.2% Mn, 0.5% Mg, 0.2% Cr, 0.15% Ti, 0.1% Sc, 0.1% Er, 0.1% Zr, 0.1% Li, and the balance Al.
Heating the aluminum ingot to 540 ℃ and extruding and molding.
Each experimental group described below was formed by extrusion of an aluminum ingot heated to 540 ℃.
Experimental group 4:
the chemical components are as follows:
0.5% Si, 0.5% Fe, 1.2% Mn, 0.5% Mg, 0.2% Cr, 0.15% Ti, 0.3% Sc, 0.2% Zr, 0.2% Li and the balance Al.
Experimental group 5:
the chemical components are as follows:
0.5% Si, 0.5% Fe, 1.2% Mn, 0.5% Mg, 0.2% Cr, 0.15% Ti, 0.3% Er, and the balance Al.
Experimental group 6
This experimental group is substantially the same as experimental group 3 except that: this experimental group replaced Zr with equivalent Al.
Experimental group 7
This experimental group is substantially the same as experimental group 3 except that: the experimental group replaced Li with equal amount of Al.
Experimental group 8
This experimental group is substantially the same as experimental group 3 except that: this experimental group replaced Mg with an equal amount of Al.
Experimental group 9
3003 aluminum alloy.
This experimental group is substantially the same as experimental group 9 except that a cold working process was used to make the samples.
The mechanical properties of the thin plate samples of the experimental groups 1-8 are tested, and the test method refers to the national standard GB/T228.1-2021. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 experimental example 1 test data of each experimental group
As can be seen from the above table, the samples of Experimental examples 1-7 are high in tensile strength, yield strength and elongation. While the examples 1-5 performed better, it can be seen that the yield strength can reach 140Mpa or more when zirconium and lithium are added to the alloy. Compared with the experimental group 3, the experimental group 8 has obviously poorer performance, which indicates that the addition of Mg in the components is necessary, and the mechanical property of the composition can be obviously improved by the addition of Mg. Comparing the experimental group 9 with the experimental group 3, the performance of the experimental group 9 is significantly worse, which indicates that the mechanical property of the sample prepared by using 3003 aluminum alloy as the raw material and adopting the hot extrusion process is very poor and cannot meet the use requirement. Comparing experimental groups 1-7 with experimental group 10, experimental group 10 was made by cold working 3003 aluminum alloy, and it can be seen that although the tensile strength and the bending strength are not much inferior, the elongation is much lower, which indicates that the battery case made by cold working 3003 is easy to crack in collision and has poor safety.
Experimental example 2
The mechanical properties at different thicknesses of the following chemical compositions were tested, as noted in examples 1-7:
0.18% of Si, 0.35% of Fe, 1.4% of Mn, 0.8% of Mg, 0.15% of Zr, 0.17% of Cr, 0.08% of Sc, 0.05% of Er, 0.15% of Ti and the balance of Al.
Test methods GB/T228.1-2021 the test results are reported in the table below.
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties of the examples
As can be seen from the above table, the sheet has high elongation, tensile strength and yield strength in the range of 0.44 to 1.2mm in wall thickness. In the case of a reduced extrusion wall thickness, the material exhibits a tendency to increase in yield strength due to deformation and an increase in extrusion pressure.
Experimental example 3
Experimental group 9:
the chemical composition of the alloy is 0.18 percent of Si, 0.35 percent of Fe, 1.4 percent of Mn, 0.8 percent of Mg, 0.15 percent of Zr, 0.17 percent of Cr, 0.08 percent of Sc, 0.05 percent of Er, 0.15 percent of Ti and the balance of Al.
The sample thickness was 2mm.
Experimental group 10:
3003 aluminum alloy.
The sample thickness was 0.5mm.
The mechanical properties of the samples prepared in experimental group 9 and experimental group 10 were measured, and the measurement results were recorded in table 3.
TABLE 3 mechanical Properties of the experimental groups
From the experimental results of experimental example 2, it is found that: the thinner the thickness, the better the yield strength due to the greater the compression force to which the extrusion process is subjected. The experimental results in table 3 show that, even though a thicker sample is prepared with the aluminum alloy of the composition, the yield strength is better than that of the 3003 aluminum alloy with a thinner thickness, thereby further demonstrating that the aluminum alloy composition of the present invention has an effect significantly better than that of the 3003 aluminum alloy.
In summary, the battery case provided by the application has the following advantages:
this application is through unique design and the technology with small water course integration in battery cell shell, adopts the novel aluminum alloy material who satisfies its technology simultaneously, cancels the water-cooling plate system, cools off alone and heats the battery, has reduced the distance and the wall thickness of heat exchange, has promoted heat transfer efficiency. Meanwhile, due to the structure of the micro-channel, the strength and the rigidity of the battery case are improved, the impact resistance and the collision resistance are improved, and the safety of the battery is improved.
Due to the improvement and optimization of material performance, the originally necessary cold processing technology (cold drawing, fine drawing and drawing technology) is cancelled, the hot extrusion technology is directly adopted for one-step forming, and the material strength which can be achieved only by the original cold processing strengthening is achieved or exceeded, so that the production technology is simplified, the production efficiency is improved, and the fixed asset investment and energy consumption pollution of a production end are reduced.
The present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment, and it is not intended to be limited to the embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The battery shell is characterized by comprising at least one shell body, wherein each shell body is provided with at least one battery accommodating cavity matched with a battery monomer, at least one heat exchange liquid channel is formed in at least one side wall of the shell body corresponding to the side wall of each battery accommodating cavity, and each heat exchange liquid channel is used for introducing heat exchange liquid to exchange heat with the battery monomer;
the chemical components of the shell body comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2-0.8% of Si, 0.2-0.8% of Fe, 0.7-1.5% of Mn, 0.2-1.2% of Mg, 0.1-0.3% of Cr, 0.1-0.2% of Ti, 0.02-0.3% of rare earth elements and 94.9-98.18% of Al.
2. The battery case according to claim 1, further comprising a heat exchange fluid distribution member and a heat exchange fluid collection member, wherein each of the heat exchange fluid passages extends in a direction same as a length direction of the battery receiving chamber and penetrates through opposite ends of the case body;
the quantity of casing body is 1, the casing body all has at least two battery that set up side by side and holds the chamber, heat exchange liquid distribution spare set up in the one end of casing body and every the one end intercommunication of heat exchange liquid passageway, heat exchange liquid collect the piece set up in the other end of casing body and every the other end intercommunication of heat exchange liquid passageway.
3. The battery case according to claim 1, further comprising a heat exchange fluid distribution member and a heat exchange fluid collection member, wherein each of the heat exchange fluid passages extends in a direction same as a length direction of the battery receiving chamber and penetrates through opposite ends of the case body;
the quantity of casing body is a plurality of, every the shape of casing body is the rectangular bodily form, every the casing body all has a battery and holds the chamber, and is a plurality of the casing body sets up side by side and constitutes an integrated body, heat exchange liquid distribution spare set up in the one end of integrated body and every the one end intercommunication of heat exchange liquid passageway, heat exchange liquid collect the piece set up in the other end of integrated body and every the other end intercommunication of heat exchange liquid passageway.
4. The battery case according to claim 1, further comprising a heat exchange liquid distribution member and a heat exchange liquid collection member, each of the heat exchange liquid passages extending in the same direction as the length direction of the battery receiving chamber and penetrating opposite ends of the case body;
the quantity of casing body is a plurality of, every the shape of casing body is the rectangular bodily form, every the casing body all has a plurality of batteries that set up side by side and holds the chamber, and is a plurality of the casing body sets up side by side and constitutes an integrated body, heat exchange liquid distribution spare set up in the one end of integrated body and every the one end intercommunication of heat exchange liquid passageway, heat exchange liquid collect the piece set up in the other end of integrated body and every the other end intercommunication of heat exchange liquid passageway.
5. The battery case according to claim 1, wherein the chemical components of the case body further include, in mass percent, 0.1-0.3% Zr.
6. The battery can according to claim 1, wherein the rare earth element is at least one selected from the group consisting of Er and Sc;
preferably, the chemical composition of said shell body comprises, in mass percent, 0.02 to 0.2% sc and 0.02 to 0.3Er;
preferably, the chemical components of the housing body contain 0.02 to 0.3% by mass of Li.
7. The battery case according to claim 1, wherein each of the heat exchange fluid passages has a rectangular parallelepiped shape having a thickness of 0.4 to 0.6mm;
preferably, each of the battery receiving cavities has two opposite narrow side walls corresponding to the size of the battery cell and two opposite wide side walls corresponding to the width of the battery cell; at least one of the two wide side walls is provided with the heat exchange liquid channel, and the thickness of the side wall provided with the heat exchange liquid channel is 1.2-1.4 mm;
preferably, one of the two wide side walls is provided with the heat exchange liquid channel, the other wide side wall is not provided with the heat exchange liquid channel, and the thickness of the wide side wall which is not provided with the heat exchange liquid channel is 0.3-0.4 mm;
preferably, the thickness of each narrow side wall is 1 to 1.2mm.
8. The method of manufacturing a battery case according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: the shell body is manufactured by adopting an extrusion forming mode.
9. The manufacturing method according to claim 8, wherein the method of manufacturing the case body includes: extruding and forming an aluminum ingot with the temperature of 510-580 ℃;
preferably, the method also comprises heating the aluminum ingot to 510-580 ℃ before extrusion forming, and then peeling to remove the oxide film.
10. A battery pack, comprising at least one battery cell and a battery case according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or a battery case manufactured by the manufacturing method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the at least one battery cell is arranged in the at least one battery accommodating cavity in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
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