CN115188248A - Abacus system and abacus demonstration method - Google Patents
Abacus system and abacus demonstration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115188248A CN115188248A CN202210900846.5A CN202210900846A CN115188248A CN 115188248 A CN115188248 A CN 115188248A CN 202210900846 A CN202210900846 A CN 202210900846A CN 115188248 A CN115188248 A CN 115188248A
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- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 127
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 241000092161 Pithys Species 0.000 description 3
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- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B19/00—Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass
- G09B19/02—Counting; Calculating
- G09B19/025—Counting; Calculating with electrically operated apparatus or devices
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Abstract
The invention relates to an abacus system and an abacus demonstration method, wherein the system comprises a demonstration abacus, a plurality of calculation dialing units and a control unit, wherein the control unit controls the calculation dialing units to act through the control unit so as to dial the abacus in the demonstration abacus and realize the automatic demonstration of an abacus process. Specifically, the lifting assembly in the dialing unit is used for lifting the abacus beads, the driving assembly is used for driving the lifting assembly and the abacus beads to move, and the fixing assembly is used for fixing the position of the abacus beads. Compared with the prior art, the abacus demonstration system has the advantages that the automatic demonstration of the abacus calculation process is realized, manual stirring by teachers is not needed, observation of students is not affected, a good demonstration effect can be achieved, and related understanding and learning of the abacus are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of abacus devices, in particular to an abacus system and an abacus demonstration method.
Background
The abacus (abacus) is a form of manually operated computing aid. It originates from China, has been 2600 years old so far, and is an important invention in ancient China. Before the advent of arabic numerals, abacus was a widely used computing tool in the world. Today, abacus continues to be used in parts of asia and the middle east, especially in shops, available from shops offering chinese and japanese commodities. In the west, it is sometimes used to help children understand numbers, and some mathematicians enjoy experiencing the feeling of using an abacus to compute simple arithmetic questions.
The abacus is a calculation method taking an abacus as a tool, the teaching of the abacus still uses teachers to manually stir the abacus to demonstrate, the mode not only needs teachers to operate and teach on site, and is labor-wasting, and when the teachers stir, hands can shield part of the abacus to influence students to observe.
Therefore, there is a need for an abacus system and an abacus demonstration method for automatically demonstrating abacus.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide an abacus system and an abacus demonstration method to solve the problem of how to automatically demonstrate abacus.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides an abacus system that includes:
the demonstration abacus comprises a frame, a plurality of blocking rods and a plurality of beads, wherein the blocking rods are connected to the frame, and the beads are arranged on one blocking rod in a sliding mode to form an arithmetic unit;
the plurality of calculation dialing units are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of arithmetic units, each calculation dialing unit comprises a lifting assembly, a fixed assembly and a driving assembly, the lifting assembly and the fixed assembly are both connected to the frame and are both operably connected to the beads, and the driving assembly is connected to the frame and the lifting assembly;
the control unit is electrically connected with the driving assembly, the lifting assembly and the fixing assembly;
the control unit is used for sending a control instruction to control the driving assembly to drive the lifting assembly to drive the beads to move along the extending direction of the blocking rod and control the fixing assembly to fix the beads.
Further, the lifting assembly comprises two slide rails, two slide blocks, two supporting plates and two steering gears, the two ends of each slide rail are connected to the frame, the extending directions of the slide rails are parallel to the extending directions of the stop rods, the two slide blocks are respectively connected to the two slide rails in a sliding mode and are simultaneously connected to the driving assembly, the fixed ends of the two steering gears are respectively connected to the two slide blocks, the two rotating ends of the steering gears are respectively connected to the two supporting plates, the rotating axis of each supporting plate is parallel to the extending directions of the slide rails, and the stop rods are located between the two supporting plates.
Furthermore, fixed subassembly includes dead lever and a plurality of electro-magnet, the both ends of dead lever connect respectively in the frame, the extending direction of dead lever with the extending direction of shelves pole is the same, the dead lever is located two between the slide rail, it is a plurality of the electro-magnet is followed the extending direction of dead lever is arranged set up in on the dead lever, and is located the dead lever orientation one side of calculating the pearl, calculate the pearl including the magnetism portion of inhaling that can be attracted by the electro-magnet.
Further, drive assembly includes lead screw, nut and motor, the lead screw rotate connect in the frame, the axis of lead screw with the extending direction of shelves pole is parallel, the nut is rotationally located the lead screw, the nut is connected the slider, the stiff end of motor connect in the frame, the rotation end of motor connect in the one end of lead screw.
Further, the control unit includes host computer, main control chip, a plurality of latch and a plurality of fixed switch circuit, the host computer is connected electronically main control chip, the main control chip electricity is connected lift the subassembly with drive assembly, main control chip connects a plurality of the latch, every latch is connected one the fixed switch circuit is a plurality of the fixed switch circuit is with every the arithmetic unit one-to-one, the fixed switch circuit is connected a plurality of the electro-magnet.
Further, the model of the main control chip is STM32F103C8T6, the models of the latches are all 74HC573, pins PB0, PB1, PB2, PB3, and PB4 of the main control chip are respectively connected to pins D4, D3, D2, D1, and D0 of the plurality of latches, and pins Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 of the latches are all connected to the fixed switch circuit.
Further, the fixed switch circuit comprises a plurality of NMOS tubes, Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 of the latch are respectively connected to the G poles of the NMOS tubes, the S poles of the NMOS tubes are all grounded, the D poles of the NMOS tubes are respectively connected to the negative poles of the electromagnets, and the positive poles of the electromagnets are all used for being connected with the positive pole of a power supply.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides an abacus demonstration method, using the abacus system, including:
acquiring a demonstration calculation formula;
obtaining an action sequence according to the demonstration calculation formula, wherein each element in the action sequence comprises a target abacus bead and a target action;
and the control unit is used for obtaining a control instruction according to the action sequence, controlling the driving assembly to drive the lifting assembly to drive the beads to move according to the control instruction, and controlling the fixing assembly to fix the beads.
Further, according to the control instruction, the driving assembly is controlled to drive the lifting assembly to drive the beads to move, and the fixing assembly is controlled to fix the beads, including:
obtaining the initial position and the target position of the target bead according to the target action;
obtaining the control instruction according to the starting position and the target position;
driving the driving assembly to enable the lifting assembly to move to the initial position according to the control instruction;
driving the lifting assembly to lift the beads according to the control command;
driving the driving assembly again to enable the lifting assembly to move to the target position according to the control instruction;
and driving the fixing component to fix the target beads according to the control instruction.
Further, the driving the dialing unit corresponding to the target bead to drive the target bead to complete the target action further includes:
and driving the fixing component according to the control instruction to enable the target beads to move to the starting position.
According to the abacus system and the abacus demonstration method, the control unit controls the movement of the poking unit to poke the abacus beads in the demonstration abacus, so that the automatic demonstration of the abacus process is realized. Specifically, the lifting assembly in the dialing unit is used for lifting the abacus beads, the driving assembly is used for driving the lifting assembly and the abacus beads to move, and the fixing assembly is used for fixing the position of the abacus beads. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the automatic demonstration of the abacus calculation process is realized, manual poking by teachers is not needed, observation of students is not affected, a good demonstration effect can be achieved, and relevant understanding and learning of the abacus are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a demonstration abacus portion in one embodiment of an abacus system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a lift assembly in an embodiment of the abacus system;
FIG. 3 is a system architecture diagram of an embodiment of an abacus system provided in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a main control chip in an embodiment of the abacus system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a latch in an embodiment of the abacus system;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a fixed switch circuit in an embodiment of the abacus system;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method of an embodiment of an abacus demonstration method provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides an abacus system and an abacus demonstration method, which are respectively explained below.
With reference to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention discloses an abacus system, which includes a demonstration abacus 1, a plurality of calculation dialing units 2 and a control unit, wherein the demonstration abacus 1 includes a frame 11, a plurality of bars 12 and a plurality of beads 13, the plurality of bars 12 are connected to the frame 11, and a plurality of beads 13 are slidably disposed on one of the bars 12 to form an arithmetic unit. A plurality of units 2 of dialling, it is respectively with a plurality of the arithmetic unit one-to-one, every unit 2 of dialling includes lifting unit 21, fixed subassembly 22 and drive assembly 23, lifting unit 21 with fixed subassembly 22 all connect in frame 11, and all operatively connect in bead 13, drive assembly 23 connect in frame 11 with lifting unit 21 is used for the drive lifting unit 21 follows the extending direction of shelves pole 12 removes. The control unit is electrically connected with the driving assembly 23, the lifting assembly 21 and the fixing assembly 22. The control unit is used for sending a control instruction to control the driving assembly 23 to drive the lifting assembly 21 to drive the beads 13 to move along the extending direction of the stop rod 12, and controlling the fixing assembly 23 to fix the beads 13.
According to the abacus system and the abacus demonstration method, the control unit controls the movement of the poking unit 2 to poke the abacus 13 in the demonstration abacus 1, so that the automatic demonstration of the abacus process is realized. Specifically, the lifting assembly 21 in the dialing unit 2 is used for lifting the beads 13, the driving assembly 23 is used for driving the lifting assembly 21 and the beads 13 to move, and the fixing assembly 22 is used for fixing the position of the beads 13. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the automatic demonstration of the abacus calculation process is realized, manual poking by teachers is not needed, observation of students is not affected, a good demonstration effect can be achieved, and relevant understanding and learning of the abacus are improved.
In this embodiment, a stop lever and a plurality of beads 13 form an arithmetic unit, the arithmetic units are arranged according to a certain rule to form the demonstration abacus 1, and in practice, the number and arrangement of the arithmetic units can be different according to the different types of abacus to be demonstrated, and the number of beads 13 in each arithmetic unit can also be different. By way of illustration, in the present embodiment, there are ten computing units, five of which are arranged as the upper row of the abacus, each computing unit includes only one abacus 13, and the other five computing units are arranged as the lower row of the abacus, each computing unit includes four abacus 13, and five stages of the abacus, namely unit, ten, hundred, thousand and ten thousand are formed.
It is to be understood that the dimensions of some of the structures in the figures are shown in exaggerated form for convenience of illustration and are not intended to represent actual product dimensions.
As a preferred embodiment, the lifting assembly 21 in this embodiment includes two sliding rails 211, two sliding blocks 212, two supporting plates 213, and two steering engines 214, two ends of the sliding rails 211 are connected to the frame 11, an extending direction of the sliding rails 211 is parallel to an extending direction of the stop lever 12, the two sliding blocks 212 are respectively slidably connected to the two sliding rails 211 and are simultaneously connected to the driving assembly 23, fixed ends of the two steering engines 214 are respectively connected to the two sliding blocks 212, rotating ends of the two steering engines 214 are respectively connected to the two supporting plates 213, a rotation axis of the supporting plate 213 is parallel to the extending direction of the sliding rails 211, and the stop lever 12 is located between the two supporting plates 213.
The two support plates 213 are driven by the two steering engines 214 to fold, and in the process of folding, they can extend into the bottom of the beads 13 to be moved to lift the beads 13, and at this time, the driving assembly 23 drives the sliding block 212 to slide along the sliding rail 211, so that the movement of the beads 13 can be realized. Actually, other existing structures, such as clamping jaws, magnets, etc., can be adopted and arranged on the sliding block 212 to lift the abacus bead 13.
In this embodiment, the sliding block 212 is provided with a plurality of rollers, the sliding rail 211 is formed with a plurality of track grooves, the rollers on the sliding block 212 are located in the track grooves, and the rollers roll in the track grooves when the sliding block 212 slides, so as to reduce the moving resistance and make the movement of the beads 13 smoother. In addition, the two sliders 212 in this embodiment are coupled together to simultaneously couple the driving assembly 23, making installation more convenient.
Further, as a preferred embodiment, the fixing assembly 22 in this embodiment includes a fixing rod 221 and a plurality of electromagnets 222, two ends of the fixing rod 221 are respectively connected to the frame 11, an extending direction of the fixing rod 221 is the same as an extending direction of the stopper rod 12, the fixing rod 221 is located between the two slide rails 211, the plurality of electromagnets 222 are arranged on the fixing rod 221 along the extending direction of the fixing rod 221, and are located on a side of the fixing rod 221 facing the beads 13, and the beads 13 include a magnetic attraction portion that can be attracted by the electromagnets 222.
The magnetic part can be an iron block additionally arranged on the beads 13, and the whole beads 13 can also be made of a metal material which can be attracted by a magnet, namely, the whole beads 13 are all used as the magnetic part. When the beads 13 are lifted to the corresponding position by the lifting device, the electromagnet 222 is electrified to attract the beads 13, so that the beads 13 are fixed at the corresponding height, and the effect of 'dialing up' in the abacus is achieved, and when the electromagnet 222 is powered off, the beads 13 naturally fall down to achieve the effect of 'dialing down' in the abacus. Other known structures may be used as the fixing member 22, such as a power plug, etc.
Further, in this embodiment the driving assembly 23 includes a screw rod, a nut and a motor, the screw rod is rotatably connected to the frame 11, the axis of the screw rod is parallel to the extending direction of the stop lever 12, the nut is rotatably sleeved on the screw rod, the nut is connected to the slider 212, the fixed end of the motor is connected to the frame 11, and the rotating end of the motor is connected to one end of the screw rod.
The motor drives the screw rod to rotate, so that the nut is lifted, and the sliding block 212 is driven to lift. In practice, the existing structure such as an electric telescopic rod can be used to replace the screw-nut mechanism. In this embodiment, the arrangement of the lifting assembly 21, the fixing assembly 22 and the driving assembly 23 prevents interference between the three components, so that the movement of the beads 13 is smooth and stable.
With reference to fig. 3 to 6, in a preferred embodiment, the control unit includes an upper computer, a main control chip U1, a plurality of latches, and a plurality of fixed switch circuits, the upper computer is electrically connected to the main control chip, the main control chip is electrically connected to the lifting assembly 21 and the driving assembly 23, the main control chip is connected to the plurality of latches, each latch is connected to one fixed switch circuit, the plurality of fixed switch circuits are in one-to-one correspondence with each operation unit, and the fixed switch circuit is connected to the plurality of electromagnets 222.
The upper computer can be a computer, a tablet, even a mobile phone and other existing equipment with the functions of calculation and man-machine interaction, can be directly arranged on the frame 11 of the demonstration abacus 1, and can also be remotely controlled through wireless signals. In this embodiment, the upper computer is arranged on the frame 11 of the demonstration abacus 1, and is provided with a screen for manually inputting commands and displaying graphics, and the upper computer and the main control module transmit information through serial port communication. The upper computer sends a bead-poking instruction to the main control module, and the main control module sends completion information to the upper computer after completing bead-poking operation.
Referring to fig. 3 again, the present invention further provides a preferred embodiment, the model of the main control chip in this embodiment is STM32F103C8T6, the models of the latches are all 74HC573, pins PB0, PB1, PB2, PB3, and PB4 of the main control chip are respectively connected to pins D4, D3, D2, D1, and D0 of the plurality of latches, and pins Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 of the latches are all connected to the fixed switch circuit.
The PB 0-PB 9 pins in the main control chip can be used for outputting signals, the demonstration abacus 1 can be flexibly used according to different specific structures, and the demonstration abacus 1 in the embodiment has five gears, so that only the PB 0-PB 4 pins are used. Similarly, the pins D0 to D7 and Q0 to Q7 in the latch can be used for receiving or outputting signals, and the specific pins can be flexibly adjusted according to actual situations.
It can be understood that, when the abacus demonstration is required, the main control chip obtains the information sent by the upper computer, and converts the virtual strategy information in the software into the control instruction for actually controlling the hardware motion. In this embodiment, after acquiring the instruction of the upper computer, the main control chip sends a control instruction to the lifting assembly, the driving assembly and the fixing assembly according to a certain time sequence, so as to realize the movement of the abacus and further complete the demonstration of the abacus. The essence that the main control chip controls the lifting assembly and the driving assembly is that the steering engine and the motor of the driving assembly in the lifting assembly are controlled, and the operation of using the STM32F103C8T6 chip to control the steering engine or the motor is the prior art, so that the description is not repeated in the application.
Referring to fig. 4, the total number of the latches in this embodiment is five, which are U2, U3, U4, U5 and U6, the five latches correspond to five gears in the demonstration abacus 1, i.e., the unit position, the tens position, the hundreds position, the thousands position and the tens position, each latch simultaneously controls five electromagnets 222 in the upper row and the lower row of the operation units in one gear, and each latch is connected to the corresponding five electromagnets 222 through a fixed switch circuit.
Specifically, the D0 pins of the five latches are all connected to the PB4 pin of the main control chip U1, the D1 pins of the five latches are all connected to the PB3 pin of the main control chip U1 through pull-up resistors, the D2 pins of the five latches are all connected to the PB2 pin of the main control chip U1 through pull-up resistors, the D3 pins of the five latches are all connected to the PB1 pin of the main control chip U1 through pull-up resistors, and the D4 pins of the five latches are all connected to the PB0 pin of the main control chip U1 through pull-up resistors.
Referring to fig. 5, as a preferred embodiment, the fixed switch circuit in this embodiment includes a plurality of NMOS transistors, Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 of the latch are respectively connected to G poles of the NMOS transistors, S poles of the NMOS transistors are all grounded, D poles of the NMOS transistors are respectively connected to negative poles of the electromagnets 222, and positive poles of the electromagnets 222 are all used for connecting positive poles of a power supply.
Taking the latch U2 as an example, pins D0, D1, D2, D3, and D4 of the latch U2 acquire signals sent by the main control chip, and send closing control signals G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5 through pins Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, these closing control signals are changed into G1_1, G2_1, G3_1, G4_1, and G5_1 after being adjusted in magnitude by resistance, and when an NMOS transistor in the fixed switch circuit receives corresponding signals, its S pole and D pole are turned on, so that the negative pole of the electromagnet 222 is grounded, the electromagnet 222 is turned on to generate magnetic force, and the abacus bead 13 is fixed, and vice versa.
With reference to fig. 7, the present invention further provides a preferred embodiment of an abacus demonstration method, which uses the abacus system in the above embodiment, and includes:
s701, obtaining a demonstration calculation formula;
s702, obtaining an action sequence according to the demonstration calculation formula, wherein each element in the action sequence comprises a target abacus bead and a target action;
and S703, obtaining a control instruction by using the control unit according to the action sequence, controlling the driving assembly to drive the lifting assembly to drive the beads to move according to the control instruction, and controlling the fixing assembly to fix the beads.
The step S701 and the step S702 can be completed by an upper computer, a person inputs a demonstration calculation formula to the upper computer, and the upper computer calculates to obtain an action sequence according to the demonstration calculation formula.
Specifically, in a preferred embodiment, the step S703 further includes;
obtaining the initial position and the target position of the target bead according to the target action;
obtaining the control instruction according to the starting position and the target position;
driving the driving assembly to enable the lifting assembly to move to the initial position according to the control instruction;
driving the lifting assembly to lift the beads according to the control command;
driving the driving assembly again to enable the lifting assembly to move to the target position according to the control instruction;
and driving the fixing component to fix the target beads according to the control instruction.
The control command is a specific signal for controlling hardware operation, and when the objects to be controlled are different, the specific form is also different, for example, when the rotation of the steering engine or the motor is controlled, the control command may be a PWM signal, and the rotation speed or the rotation stroke of the steering engine or the motor is controlled according to the pulse width, the signal duration, and the like of the PWM signal, so that the beads reach the target position from the initial position. When controlling the electromagnets, the control command may be a simple level signal. The generation of the control instruction is completed by the main control chip.
The initial position in the above process is the position where the abacus bead is naturally located in the non-poked state, and the target position is the position where the target abacus bead is placed after being poked to the position. In the above steps, the target beads are defaulted to be located at the initial position at the beginning, and there is a situation that the target beads are already in the dial-up state in practice, and at this time, the beads need to be reset first, that is, the beads are "dialed back" to the initial position and then moved.
Therefore, in another preferred embodiment, step S704 may further include:
and driving the fixing component according to the control instruction to enable the target beads to move to the starting position.
The power supply of the electromagnet is cut off, so that the attraction force disappears, the abacus beads fall back to the initial position, and then the driving assembly and the lifting assembly are driven to carry out stirring operation.
In the present invention, a preferred embodiment is further provided to describe the steps S701 to S703, in which in the initial state, the upper beads are moved to the top of the upper row and adsorbed, and the lower beads are not moved at the bottom of the lower row.
The user inputs '6 + 7' on the upper computer, and after clicking 'automatic calculation', the upper computer obtains a series of calculation steps and maps the calculation steps into specific moving steps of each abacus bead, namely an action sequence, and each element in the sequence comprises a target abacus bead and a target action, namely a certain abacus bead is dialed up or down.
Firstly, a dialing number process is carried out: the upper computer displays the pithy formula 'six upper six' and the algorithm 'direct addition', and sends the bead-dialing instructions of the target bead dialing lower row and the target bead dialing upper row in the unit position to the main control chip. The main control chip obtains the initial position and the target position of the movement of the target beads according to the instruction. Then, the control can be carried out, the power of the fixing components arranged on the unit position is cut off, and the abacus beads fall down; after the operation is finished, the main control chip controls the lower row of driving assemblies to enable the lifting assemblies to move to the positions of the target beads, namely the initial positions of the target beads, after the lifting assemblies are in place, the main control chip controls the lower row of lifting assemblies to lift the target beads, after the lifting assemblies are lifted, the main control chip controls the target beads to move to the lower row of tops, namely the target positions of the target beads, and then the main control module energizes the fixing assemblies corresponding to the target beads to suck the beads. And then controlling the lifting assembly to be released, and driving the driving assembly to enable the lifting assembly to return to the original position. And after the bead is dialed, the main control chip sends the completion information to the upper computer.
Then, the calculation process is carried out: the upper computer displays a pithy formula 'seven upper two to five to one' and a usage algorithm 'five to ten plus', and sends a bead-dialing instruction of dialing the upper row of target beads and the lower row of target beads in the unit to the main control chip. The main control chip controls the driving assembly on the upper row of the units to drive the lifting assembly to move to the position of a target bead, namely the initial position of the target bead, after the position is in place, the main control chip controls the lifting assembly on the upper row to lift the bead, after the lifting assembly is lifted, the main control chip controls the target bead to move to the top of the upper row, namely the target position, after the position is in place, the main control chip powers on the upper row of fixing assemblies, sucks the bead, then controls the lifting assembly to loosen, and uses the driving assembly to return the lifting assembly; after the operation is finished, the main control chip controls the lower-row lifting assembly in the unit position to move to the target bead position, after the operation is in place, the main control chip controls the lower-row lifting assembly to lift the target bead and the bead above the target bead, after the operation is lifted, the main control chip controls the bead to move to the corresponding position, after the operation is in place, the main control chip powers on the fixing assembly corresponding to the bead which is pulled downwards, sucks the bead, and then controls the lifting assembly to loosen and return to the position. And after the bead is dialed, the main control chip sends the completion information to the upper computer.
And finally, carrying out a carry process, displaying the first-up pithy formula and the direct addition by using an algorithm by the upper computer, and sending a bead shifting instruction of the ten-digit lower row target bead shifting to the main control chip. The main control chip controls the lifting components arranged at the ten lower rows to move to the position of the target abacus bead, after the lifting components are in place, the main control chip controls the lifting components arranged at the lower rows to lift the target abacus bead, after the lifting components are lifted, the main control chip controls the abacus bead to move to the top of the lower row, after the abacus bead is in place, the main control chip powers on the fixing components corresponding to the target abacus bead arranged at the lower row, the abacus bead is sucked, and then the lifting components are controlled to be loosened and returned. And after the bead is dialed, the main control chip sends the completion information to the upper computer. And the upper computer prompts the completion of calculation.
According to the abacus system and the abacus demonstration method, the control unit controls the movement of the poking unit to poke the abacus beads in the demonstration abacus, so that the automatic demonstration of the abacus process is realized. Specifically, the lifting assembly in the dialing unit is used for lifting the abacus beads, the driving assembly is used for driving the lifting assembly and the abacus beads to move, and the fixing assembly is used for fixing the position of the abacus beads. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the automatic demonstration of the abacus calculation process is realized, manual poking by teachers is not needed, observation of students is not affected, a good demonstration effect can be achieved, and relevant understanding and learning of the abacus are improved.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An abacus system, comprising:
the demonstration abacus comprises a frame, a plurality of blocking rods and a plurality of beads, wherein the blocking rods are connected to the frame, and the beads are arranged on one blocking rod in a sliding mode to form an arithmetic unit;
the plurality of calculation units are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of operation units, each calculation unit comprises a lifting assembly, a fixing assembly and a driving assembly, the lifting assembly and the fixing assembly are both connected to the frame and are both operatively connected to the abacus beads, and the driving assembly is connected to the frame and the lifting assembly;
the control unit is electrically connected with the driving assembly, the lifting assembly and the fixing assembly;
the control unit is used for sending a control instruction to control the driving assembly to drive the lifting assembly to drive the beads to move along the extending direction of the blocking rod and control the fixing assembly to fix the beads.
2. The abacus system of claim 1, wherein the lifting assembly comprises two slide rails, two slide blocks, two support plates and two steering engines, two ends of the slide rails are connected to the frame, the extending direction of the slide rails is parallel to the extending direction of the stop rods, the two slide blocks are respectively connected to the two slide rails in a sliding manner and are simultaneously connected to the driving assembly, the fixed ends of the two steering engines are respectively connected to the two slide blocks, the rotating ends of the two steering engines are respectively connected to the two support plates, the rotating axes of the support plates are parallel to the extending direction of the slide rails, and the stop rods are located between the two support plates.
3. The abacus system of claim 2 wherein the fixing assembly includes a fixing rod and a plurality of electromagnets, both ends of the fixing rod are respectively connected to the frame, the extending direction of the fixing rod is the same as the extending direction of the stop rod, the fixing rod is located between the two slide rails, the electromagnets are arranged on the fixing rod along the extending direction of the fixing rod and located on one side of the fixing rod facing the beads, and the beads include magnetic attraction portions capable of being attracted by the electromagnets.
4. The abacus system of claim 3 wherein the drive assembly includes a lead screw, a nut and a motor, the lead screw is rotatably connected to the frame, the axis of the lead screw is parallel to the extending direction of the stop lever, the nut is rotatably sleeved on the lead screw, the nut is connected to the slider, the fixed end of the motor is connected to the frame, and the rotating end of the motor is connected to one end of the lead screw.
5. The abacus system of claim 3, wherein the control unit comprises an upper computer, a main control chip, a plurality of latches and a plurality of fixed switch circuits, the upper computer is electrically connected with the main control chip, the main control chip is electrically connected with the lifting assembly and the driving assembly, the main control chip is connected with the plurality of latches, each latch is connected with one fixed switch circuit, the plurality of fixed switch circuits are in one-to-one correspondence with each operation unit, and the fixed switch circuits are connected with the plurality of electromagnets.
6. The abacus system of claim 5, wherein the model of the master control chip is STM32F103C8T6, the models of the latches are 74HC573, the PB0, PB1, PB2, PB3 and PB4 pins of the master control chip are respectively connected with the D4, D3, D2, D1 and D0 pins of a plurality of the latches, and the Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 pins of the latches are connected to the fixed switch circuit.
7. The abacus system of claim 6, wherein the fixed switch circuit comprises a plurality of NMOS transistors, Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 of the latch are respectively connected to G poles of the NMOS transistors, S poles of the NMOS transistors are all grounded, D poles of the NMOS transistors are respectively connected to negative poles of the electromagnets, and positive poles of the electromagnets are all used for being connected to a positive pole of a power supply.
8. An abacus presentation method using the abacus system according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising:
acquiring a demonstration calculation formula;
obtaining an action sequence according to the demonstration calculation formula, wherein each element in the action sequence comprises a target abacus bead and a target action;
and the control unit is used for obtaining a control instruction according to the action sequence, controlling the driving assembly to drive the lifting assembly to drive the beads to move according to the control instruction, and controlling the fixing assembly to fix the beads.
9. The abacus demonstration method of claim 8, wherein the controlling the driving assembly to drive the lifting assembly to drive the abacus beads to move and the fixing assembly to fix the abacus beads according to the control command comprises:
obtaining the initial position and the target position of the target bead according to the target action;
obtaining the control instruction according to the starting position and the target position;
driving the driving assembly to enable the lifting assembly to move to the initial position according to the control instruction;
driving the lifting assembly to lift the abacus beads according to the control instruction;
driving the driving assembly again to enable the lifting assembly to move to the target position according to the control instruction;
and driving the fixing component to fix the target beads according to the control instruction.
10. The abacus demonstration method of claim 9, wherein the driving of the dialing unit corresponding to the target abacus bead to drive the target abacus bead to complete the target action further comprises:
and driving the fixing component according to the control instruction to enable the target beads to move to the initial position.
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