CN115185198A - Mercury ion clock time sequence control semi-physical simulation system and method - Google Patents
Mercury ion clock time sequence control semi-physical simulation system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mercury ion clock time sequence control semi-physical simulation system and a method, wherein the system comprises: the device comprises a control unit, an embedded controller, a time sequence pulse generator, a microwave signal source, a function generator, a photon counter, a phase-locked amplifier and a PID controller; the PID controller performs proportional-integral-derivative operation on the error signal to adjust and output a feedback signal, and transmits the feedback signal to a voltage control end of the microwave signal source. The invention can overcome the influence and restriction of development progress of the physical part and can perform semi-physical simulation of clock transition spectral line measurement and frequency control loop locking independent of the physical part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of atomic frequency standards, and particularly relates to a mercury ion clock timing control semi-physical simulation system and method.
Background
Compared with other high-performance microwave atomic clocks, the ion trapping microwave clock has the advantages that superior performance can be realized without a huge laser system by using a trapping ion technology and a buffer gas cooling technology, and engineering is facilitated. The mercury ion microwave clock has excellent long-term stability and extremely low drift rate, can realize long-term continuous operation and miniaturization, and is an ideal choice for a new generation of atomic clocks applied to ground timekeeping and space.
Compared with a rubidium clock, a hydrogen clock and other traditional satellite-borne atomic clock continuous frequency control systems, the mercury ion microwave clock has the greatest characteristic that a time sequence type frequency control system is adopted, extraction of a Rabi pulse parameter and a narrow line width clock transition signal of a Ramsey separation oscillation field is achieved, and stability of the atomic clock can be further improved. The clock system operation of the mercury ion clock relates to the fact that multi-physical field control of quantum state preparation, microwave exploration, fluorescence detection, spectrum lamp pumping and the like needs precise time sequence and time synchronization, and the key technologies of the clock system operation comprise a multi-channel time sequence synchronization delay signal generation technology, a microwave exploration signal pulse modulation and frequency shift keying dual modulation and synchronous extraction and demodulation technology, and a frequency error signal precise servo control technology, and the technology is far more complex than continuous systems of a rubidium clock and a cesium clock.
Therefore, how to quickly obtain the atomic curve and the frequency discrimination curve of the mercury ion clock is a very important and challenging task. In addition, the physical part of the mercury ion clock relates to subjects such as ultrahigh vacuum, quantum mechanics, vacuum electronics and precision machining, the development difficulty is high, the technology is complex, and the development period is long, so that the traditional research and development mode of carrying out a time sequence control system based on the physical part of the mercury ion clock is difficult to adapt to the urgent requirements of the aspects of rapid product research and development, advanced technology verification, parallel circuit development and the like, thereby restricting the technical progress and updating and upgrading of the mercury ion clock even a high-performance time-frequency reference system, and seriously hindering the development of the advanced scientific and technical fields such as precision measurement, satellite navigation, star-chain communication, basic physical law verification and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: the system and the method can overcome the influence and restriction of the development progress of a physical part, and can perform semi-physical simulation of clock transition spectral line measurement and frequency control loop locking independent of the physical part, thereby accelerating the development speed of a mercury ion clock time sequence system and a complete machine.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a mercury ion clock timing control semi-physical simulation system comprises: the device comprises a control unit, an embedded controller, a time sequence pulse generator, a microwave signal source, a function generator, a photon counter, a phase-locked amplifier and a PID controller; the control unit outputs a control instruction and transmits the control instruction to the embedded controller; the embedded controller converts the control instruction into a driving signal and transmits the driving signal to the time sequence pulse generator; the time sequence pulse generator generates time sequence pulse signals according to the driving signals and respectively transmits the time sequence pulse signals to the microwave signal source, the photon counter and the phase-locked amplifier; the microwave signal source adjusts central frequency parameters according to microwave pulse modulation signals and microwave frequency modulation signals in the time sequence pulse signals, outputs microwave search signals subjected to pulse amplitude modulation and frequency modulation, and transmits the microwave search signals to the control unit through the embedded controller; the control unit reads out an actual output value of the central frequency value of the microwave searching signal, converts the actual output value of the central frequency value of the microwave searching signal into a frequency value yi which is in direct proportion to the intensity of the transition fluorescence signal of the physical part of the mercury ion clock, and transmits the frequency value yi to the function generator; the function generator generates an electric pulse signal according to the frequency value yi and transmits the electric pulse signal to the photon counter; the photon counter counts the electric pulse signals by taking the time sequence pulse signals output by the time sequence pulse generator as triggers, outputs pulse counting signals and transmits the pulse counting signals to the phase-locked amplifier; the phase-locked amplifier processes the pulse counting signal and the microwave frequency modulation signal in the time sequence pulse signal through synchronous phase discrimination to obtain an error signal, and transmits the error signal to the PID controller; and the PID controller performs proportional-integral-derivative operation on the error signal to adjust and output a feedback signal, and transmits the feedback signal to a voltage control end of the microwave signal source.
In the above-mentioned mercury ion clock time sequence control semi-physical simulation system, the frequency value yi is: yi = F (fi); wherein, F () is a linear function of a clock transition curve, and fi is an actual output value of the central frequency value of the microwave searching signal.
In the above-mentioned mercury ion clock timing control semi-physical simulation system, the clock transition curve linear function is:
F(x)＝Aω/[4(x-x 0 ) 2 +ω 2 )]；
wherein A is maximum, ω is line width, x is microwave frequency, x 0 Is the clock transition center frequency.
In the mercury ion clock time sequence control semi-physical simulation system, the line width omega is set to be 5Hz, and the maximum value A is set to be 10000Hz.
In the above mercury ion clock timing control semi-physical simulation system, the timing pulse signal includes an electron gun switching signal, an ion spectrum lamp switching signal, a photon counter gating signal, a microwave pulse modulation signal, and a microwave frequency modulation signal.
In the mercury ion clock time sequence control semi-physical simulation system, the rising edge of a gating signal of a photon counter generated by a time sequence pulse generator is triggered and selected.
In the mercury ion clock time sequence control semi-physical simulation system, the phase discrimination period of the phase-locked amplifier is 2T, the input signal is a pulse counting signal, the reference signal is a microwave frequency modulation signal in the time sequence pulse signal, and the integral time constant of the phase-locked amplifier is required to be more than or equal to 2T.
A mercury ion clock time sequence control semi-physical simulation method comprises the following steps: the control unit outputs a control instruction and transmits the control instruction to the embedded controller; the embedded controller converts the control instruction into a driving signal and transmits the driving signal to the time sequence pulse generator; the time sequence pulse generator generates a time sequence pulse signal according to the driving signal and respectively transmits the time sequence pulse signal to the microwave signal source, the photon counter and the phase-locked amplifier; the microwave signal source adjusts central frequency parameters according to microwave pulse modulation signals and microwave frequency modulation signals in the time sequence pulse signals, outputs microwave search signals subjected to pulse amplitude modulation and frequency modulation, and transmits the microwave search signals to the control unit through the embedded controller; the control unit reads an actual output value of a central frequency value of the microwave searching signal, converts the actual output value of the central frequency value of the microwave searching signal into a frequency value yi which is in direct proportion to the intensity of a transition fluorescence signal of a physical part of the mercury ion clock, and transmits the frequency value yi to the function generator; the function generator generates an electric pulse signal according to the frequency value yi and transmits the electric pulse signal to the photon counter; the photon counter counts the electric pulse signals by taking the time sequence pulse signals output by the time sequence pulse generator as triggers, outputs pulse counting signals and transmits the pulse counting signals to the phase-locked amplifier; the phase-locked amplifier processes the pulse counting signal and the microwave frequency modulation signal in the time sequence pulse signal through synchronous phase discrimination to obtain an error signal, and transmits the error signal to the PID controller; and the PID controller performs proportional-integral-differential operation on the error signal to adjust and output a feedback signal, and transmits the feedback signal to the voltage control end of the microwave signal source.
In the above-mentioned mercury ion clock time sequence control semi-physical simulation method, the frequency value yi is: yi = F (fi); wherein, F () is a linear function of a clock transition curve, and fi is an actual output value of the central frequency value of the microwave searching signal.
In the above-mentioned mercury ion clock timing control semi-physical simulation method, the clock transition curve linear function is:
F(x)＝Aω/[4(x-x 0 ) 2 +ω 2 )]；
wherein A is maximum, ω is line width, x is microwave frequency, x 0 Is the clock transition center frequency.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention can overcome the influence and restriction of development progress of a physical part, and can perform semi-physical simulation of clock transition spectral line measurement and frequency control loop locking independent of the physical part, thereby accelerating the development speed of a mercury ion clock time sequence system and a complete machine;
(2) The invention can simulate the circuit and the whole technology of the atomic clock under the condition of temporarily not having a physical part, and can make the independent research of the core circuit technology of the atomic clock possible.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an operation timing sequence of a mercury ion clock provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a mercury ion clock timing control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a mercury ion clock transition curve simulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a mercury ion clock discriminator curve and a closed loop simulation system according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a test result of a mercury ion clock semi-physical simulation experiment provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The embodiment provides a mercury ion clock timing control semi-physical simulation system, which is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a control unit, an embedded controller, a time sequence pulse generator, a microwave signal source, a function generator, a photon counter, a phase-locked amplifier and a PID controller; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the control unit is used as a top control end to output a control instruction; the control instruction is processed by the hardware of the embedded controller and is converted into driving signals of instruments required by a time sequence pulse generator, a microwave signal source, a function generator, a photon counter and a lock-in amplifier. The driving signal is transmitted to the time sequence pulse generator, a plurality of paths of time sequence pulse signals required by the running of the mercury ion clock are generated and used as the synchronous time basis of all parts of the system, and other driving signals realize required functions according to an instrument control protocol.
A microwave signal source receives microwave pulse modulation signals and microwave frequency modulation signals of corresponding driving signals and time sequence pulse signals, central frequency parameters fi are adjusted, and microwave search signals subjected to pulse amplitude modulation and frequency modulation are output through a pulse amplitude modulation function and a frequency modulation function respectively; the actual output value of the central frequency value of the microwave interrogation signal is transmitted to a control unit through a controller to be read, the control unit converts a read value fi into a frequency value yi = F (fi) which is in direct proportion to the intensity of a transition fluorescence signal of a physical part of a mercury ion clock, wherein F (x) is a linear function of a clock transition curve, the frequency value yi is transmitted to a function generator through a driving signal to generate an electric pulse signal, and the virtual semi-physical simulation of the physical part of the mercury ion clock is realized; the electric pulse signal is transmitted to a photon counter, the photon counter counts the electric pulse by taking the counting time sequence pulse signal output by the time sequence pulse generator as trigger, and outputs a pulse counting signal according to the measuring result; transmitting the pulse counting signal and the microwave frequency modulation signal to a phase-locked amplifier, and obtaining an error signal through synchronous phase discrimination processing; the error signal is subjected to proportional-integral-derivative operation by a PID controller or a software algorithm to adjust and output a feedback signal, so that semi-physical simulation of clock transition signal measurement is realized; and transmitting the feedback signal to a voltage control end of a microwave signal source or adjusting the signal output frequency through software to realize the closed loop of the semi-physical simulation system.
The timing pulse generator selects a PXI-6541 digital signal board card produced by NI company; the function generator selects a DG3101A arbitrary waveform generator produced by RIGOL company; the microwave signal source is an E8257D signal source produced by KEYSIGHT company; the photon counter is an SR400 double-channel gating photon counter produced by Stanford company; the phase-locked amplifier is an SR830DSP phase-locked amplifier produced by Stanford company; a control unit is developed by utilizing a Labview virtual instrument platform, the control unit establishes interaction with other components through a PXIe-8840 controller, and the control unit can realize the functions of synchronous phase discrimination, FSK frequency modulation, PID servo feedback and the like.
The embodiment also provides a mercury ion clock time sequence control semi-physical simulation method, which comprises the following steps:
the control unit outputs a control instruction and transmits the control instruction to the embedded controller;
the embedded controller converts the control instruction into a driving signal and transmits the driving signal to the time sequence pulse generator;
the time sequence pulse generator generates a time sequence pulse signal according to the driving signal and respectively transmits the time sequence pulse signal to the microwave signal source, the photon counter and the phase-locked amplifier;
the microwave signal source adjusts central frequency parameters according to microwave pulse modulation signals and microwave frequency modulation signals in the time sequence pulse signals, outputs microwave search signals subjected to pulse amplitude modulation and frequency modulation, and transmits the microwave search signals to the control unit through the embedded controller;
the control unit reads an actual output value of the central frequency value of the microwave searching signal, converts the actual output value of the central frequency value of the microwave searching signal into a frequency value yi which is in direct proportion to the intensity of the transition fluorescence signal of the physical part of the mercury ion clock, and transmits the frequency value yi to the function generator;
the function generator generates an electric pulse signal according to the frequency value yi and transmits the electric pulse signal to the photon counter;
the photon counter counts the electric pulse signals by taking the time sequence pulse signals output by the time sequence pulse generator as triggers, outputs pulse counting signals and transmits the pulse counting signals to the phase-locked amplifier;
the phase-locked amplifier processes the pulse counting signal and the microwave frequency modulation signal in the time sequence pulse signal through synchronous phase discrimination to obtain an error signal, and transmits the error signal to the PID controller;
and the PID controller performs proportional-integral-differential operation on the error signal to adjust and output a feedback signal, and transmits the feedback signal to the voltage control end of the microwave signal source.
Specifically, the method for performing semi-physical simulation on the time sequence control of the mercury ion clock comprises the following steps:
(1) The time sequence pulse generator receives an output instruction of the control unit and generates a plurality of paths of time sequence pulse signals according to the running process of the mercury ion clock. The method comprises an electron gun switching signal with a period of T, an ion spectrum lamp switching signal, a photon counter gating signal, a microwave pulse modulation signal and a microwave frequency modulation signal with a period of 2T. Specifically, a PXI-6541 digital signal board card is used for generating a multi-channel time sequence synchronous pulse signal required by the running period of the mercury ion clock. As shown in fig. 1, the timing pulse with a period T includes an ion spectrum Lamp switching signal Lamp, an electron gun switching signal E-gun, a photon Counter gate signal Counter, a microwave pulse modulation signal μ Rabi or μ Ramsey, the timing pulse with a period 2T includes a microwave Frequency modulation signal μ Frequency, and the pulse period T is set to 1000ms.
Converting a set of microwave frequency values fi into a set of low frequency values yi = F (fi) proportional to the intensity of the clock transition signal by using the control unit, wherein the clock transition curve linear function F (x) is set as Lorentz function F (x) = A omega/(4 x) 2 +ω 2 ) The line width ω is set to 5Hz, and the maximum a is set to 10000Hz. The electric pulse signal is physically output by using a DG3101A arbitrary waveform generator according to the frequency value yi = F (fi), so that the virtual simulation processing of the physical part of the mercury ion clock shown in FIG. 2 is realized.
(2) And connecting the multipath time sequence pulse signals to corresponding ports of all parts of the system. The microwave pulse modulation signal is connected to a pulse modulation port of a microwave signal source; the photon counter gating signal is connected to a gating port of the photon counter; the switch signal of the electron gun is connected into a relay switch of the electron gun (not connected during semi-physical simulation); the switch signal of the ion spectrum lamp is connected into a relay switch of the ion spectrum lamp (not connected during semi-physical simulation); the microwave frequency modulation signal establishes data interaction with the control unit through a data input port of the embedded controller. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the microwave pulse modulation signal μ Rabi or μ Ramsey is connected to the pulse modulation port of the E8257D signal source; photon Counter gating signal Counter is connected to the gating port of SR400 photon Counter; the microwave Frequency modulation signal mu Frequency establishes data interaction with the control unit through a data input port of the PXIe-8840 controller.
(3) And (3) setting pulse modulation of a microwave signal source. The 10MHz output of the active hydrogen clock is used as the external reference of the signal source. The radio frequency output port of the microwave signal source is connected to the microwave feed-in port of the physical part of the mercury ion clock (not connected during semi-physical simulation). The microwave power is set to be a proper level according to the physical part requirement of the mercury ion clock, the pulse modulation source is set to be a microwave pulse modulation signal generated by the time sequence pulse generator, the pulse modulation function of the microwave signal is realized, and the pulse modulation period is T. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the active hydrogen clock 10MHz output is used as an external reference of the E8257D signal source, the amplitude of the output signal of the E8257D signal source is set to 1Vpp, the pulse modulation source is set to a μ Ramsey timing signal generated by the PXI-6541 digital signal board, the pulse interval and the pulse width are respectively set to 250ms and 50ms, and the pulse modulation period is 1000ms.
(4) Microwave search center frequency sweep setting. The control unit scans a group of linear frequency values fi (i = -n \8230n) near the clock transition frequency, wherein f0 is the clock transition central frequency 40.5GHz, the microwave frequency values fi are set to be T by the control unit at the rising edge and the falling edge of the microwave frequency modulation signal generated by the time sequence pulse generator, and the retention time of each frequency point is T. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the control unit scans a group of linear frequency values fi (i = -n \8230n) in the vicinity of the clock transition frequency, sets the scanning center frequency f0 to deviate from 0Hz (relative to 40.5 GHz), sets the scanning range to ± 15Hz, and sets the scanning step value to 0.5Hz; and setting the Frequency value of the E8257D signal source to be fi and the retention time of each Frequency point to be 1000ms by using the control unit at the rising edge and the falling edge of the microwave Frequency modulation signal mu Frequency.
(5) The function generator generates a frequency setting of the electrical pulse signal. And (3) converting the microwave frequency value fi (i = -n \8230; n) in the step (4) into a group of low-frequency numerical values yi = F (fi) which are proportional to the intensity of the clock transition signal, wherein F (x) is a linear function of the clock transition curve and can be a Lorentzian function or a Gaussian function, and the frequency numerical values yi = F (fi) are proportional to the fluorescence intensity value output to the photomultiplier tube by the physical part of the mercury ion clock. The physical output of the electric pulse signal is realized through the function generator, so that the virtual processing of the physical part of the mercury ion clock is completed. And (2) setting the output electric pulse frequency of the function generator to be yi = F (fi) at the high level of the photon counter gating signal generated by the time sequence pulse generator in the step (1), and setting the output electric pulse frequency to be zero at the low level. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, according to the clock transition curve linear function F (x) used in step (1) and the frequency value fi set for the E8257D signal source in step (4), the frequency value of the electrical pulse signal generated by the DG3101A arbitrary waveform generator is set to yi = F (fi) when the photon Counter gate signal Counter is at a high level, and is set to zero when the photon Counter gate signal Counter is at a low level.
(6) Photon counter reading settings. And the electric pulse signal output by the function generator is subjected to pulse counting reading through a photon counter. The reading setting of the photon counter comprises the setting of parameters such as reading delay amount after triggering, reading duration and the like, the triggering is selected as the rising edge of a gating signal of the photon counter generated by the time sequence pulse generator in the step (1), the verification of the triggering gating function of an external pulse signal of the photon counter is realized, the measurement data is directly output through an analog output port, or the reading value of the photon counter is acquired by the control unit at the falling edge moment of the gating signal of the photon counter in the step (1), and the measurement period is T. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, an electrical pulse signal output by the DG3101A arbitrary waveform generator is pulse-counted and read by the SR400 photon Counter, a reading delay amount is set to 0ms after the SR400 photon Counter is triggered, a reading time is set to 500ms, a rising edge of the photon Counter gating signal Counter is selected as a trigger, a trigger gating function verification of an external pulse signal of the SR400 photon Counter is realized, a Counter reading value is collected at a falling edge of the photon Counter gating signal Counter by the control unit, and a measurement period is 1000ms.
(7) And the control unit is used for realizing real-time drawing of the scanning frequency value of the microwave signal source and the measured data of the analog output port of the photon counter, and the dwell time of each point is T, so that real-time simulation of a clock transition curve signal is completed. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, real-time mapping of the scanning frequency value of the E8257D signal source and the reading value returned by the SR400 photon counter is realized by the control unit, the dwell time of each point is 1000ms, and real-time measurement simulation of the clock transition curve signal is completed.
(8) Connecting the microwave frequency modulation signal generated by the time sequence pulse generator in the step (1) to a frequency modulation port of a microwave signal source and a reference signal input port of a phase-locked amplifier, and connecting an analog output port of the photon counter to an analog input port of the phase-locked amplifier. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the microwave Frequency modulation signal μ Frequency generated by the PXI-6541 digital signal board in step (1) is connected to the Frequency modulation port of the E8257D signal source and the reference signal input port of the SR830DSP phase-locked amplifier, and the analog output port of the SR400 photon counter is connected to the analog input port of the SR830DSP phase-locked amplifier.
(9) Microwave search center frequency sweep setting. And (2) scanning a group of linear frequency values fi (i = -n \8230n) in the vicinity of the clock transition, wherein f0 is the central frequency of the clock transition of 40.5GHz, resetting the frequency values fi by the control unit only at the rising edge moment of the microwave frequency modulation signal generated by the time sequence pulse generator in the step (1), and keeping the dwell time of each frequency point to be 2T. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, a group of linear Frequency values fi (i = -n \8230; n) generated by the control unit in step (4) is scanned, the Frequency value fi is reset by the control unit only at the rising edge time of the microwave Frequency modulation signal μ Frequency, and the dwell time of each Frequency point is 2000ms.
(10) A microwave signal source FSK frequency modulation setting. The modulation source can be selected as a microwave frequency modulation signal externally generated by a time sequence pulse generator in the step (1), or a frequency parameter value of a microwave signal source can be set to be fi +. DELTA/2 at the rising edge moment of the microwave frequency modulation signal through the control unit, and is set to be fi-. DELTA/2 at the falling edge moment, wherein, delta is the full width at half maximum of a clock transition curve, the FSK frequency modulation of the microwave search signal is realized, and the cycle of the FSK frequency modulation is 2T. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the Frequency parameter value of the E8257D signal source is set to fi + ω/2 at the rising edge time of the microwave Frequency modulation signal μ Frequency, and is set to fi- ω/2 at the falling edge time, where ω =5Hz is the line width value of the clock transition curve function F (x), so as to implement FSK Frequency modulation on the microwave search signal, and the cycle of the FSK Frequency modulation is 2000ms. The Frequency modulation source of the E8257D signal source can also be set as a microwave Frequency modulation signal mu Frequency to realize FSK Frequency modulation of the microwave search signal.
(11) The phase-locked amplifier synchronously phase-discriminates FSK signals, the phase-discriminative period is 2T, input signals are analog output signals of the photon counter, reference signals are microwave frequency modulation signals generated by the time sequence pulse generator in the step (1), the integral time constant of the phase-locked amplifier is required to be not less than 2T, or the phase discrimination is realized by calculating the difference of reading values of the photon counter in the upper half period and the lower half period of the microwave frequency modulation signals through the control unit. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the difference between the reading values of the SR400 photon counter corresponding to the upper half cycle and the lower half cycle of the microwave Frequency modulation signal μ Frequency is calculated by the control unit to implement the phase discrimination. The FSK signal can also be subjected to synchronous phase discrimination through the SR830DSP phase-locked amplifier, the input signal is an analog output signal of the SR400 photon counter, the reference signal is a microwave Frequency modulation signal mu Frequency, and the requirement of an integration time constant of the SR830DSP phase-locked amplifier is more than or equal to 2000ms.
(12) And the control unit is used for realizing the real-time drawing of the scanning frequency value of the microwave signal source and the reading value of the output channel of the phase-locked amplifier, the dwell time of each data point is 2T, and the real-time measurement of the frequency discrimination S-curve signal is completed. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, real-time reading and drawing of the scanning frequency value of the E8257D signal source and the output data of the synchronous phase detector are realized by the control unit, the dwell time of each data point is 2000ms, and real-time measurement of the frequency detection error signal is completed.
(13) And (4) simulating microwave under noise disturbance to search for the central frequency setting. Stopping scanning the microwave frequency on the basis of the step (9), resetting the value fi of the microwave center frequency to be f0+ w, wherein f0 is a fixed value 40.5GHz of the clock transition center frequency, w is a random interference value of the control unit for simulating frequency noise, resetting the frequency noise interference value w by using the control unit only at the rising edge moment of the microwave frequency modulation signal generated by the timing pulse generator in the step (1), and the dwell time of each frequency point f0+ w is 2T. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the microwave frequency scanning is stopped on the basis of step (9), the frequency value fi is reset to f0+ w by the control unit, where the frequency value f0 deviates from 0Hz (relative to 40.5 GHz), w is a random interference value of the control unit simulating frequency noise, an external noise disturbance is simulated by using a built-in random number generator, and the frequency disturbance range is set to ± 1.5Hz; the Frequency noise interference value w is reset by the control unit only at the time of the rising edge of the microwave Frequency modulation signal μ Frequency, and the dwell time of each Frequency point f0+ w is 2000ms.
(14) And (4) carrying out FSK frequency modulation of microwave searching signals and FSK signal synchronous phase demodulation according to the step (10) and the step (11), and carrying out real-time reading and drawing on data reading time T, a frequency noise interference value w and a reading value delta f of an output channel of the phase-locked amplifier through a control unit, wherein the staying time of each point is 2T, so that real-time measurement of a set frequency noise interference value and a clock frequency error signal is completed. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, FSK frequency modulation and FSK signal synchronous phase demodulation of a microwave search signal are performed according to steps (10) and (11), data reading time t, a frequency noise interference value w, and a reading value Δ f of an output channel of a lock-in amplifier are read and plotted in real time by a control unit, and the dwell time of each point is 2000ms, so that real-time measurement of a set frequency noise interference value and a clock error signal is completed.
(15) And (4) carrying out feedback regulation on the error signal delta f through a PID digital algorithm or a PID controller of the control unit, and superposing an output signal PID delta f of PID servo control on the microwave central frequency f0+ w in the step (13) through a frequency modulation port of the control unit or the microwave signal source in a feedback manner to obtain the central frequency f0+ w + PID delta f for completing the closed-loop locking. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the error signal Δ f is feedback-regulated by a built-in PID digital algorithm of the control unit, and the output signal PID Δ f of the PID servo control is feedback-superimposed on the microwave center frequency f0+ w in step (13) by the control unit, so as to obtain the center frequency f0+ w + PID Δ f for completing the closed-loop locking.
(16) The data reading time T and the closed-loop locking center frequency f0+ w + PID delta f are plotted in real time through the control unit, the residence time of each point is 2T, the real-time measurement of the closed-loop locked center frequency is realized, and the closed-loop simulation and technical verification of the system are completed. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the data reading time t and the closed-loop locking center frequency f0+ w + PID Δ f are plotted in real time by the control unit, and the dwell time of each point is 2000ms, so that the real-time measurement of the center frequency after the closed-loop locking is realized.
As shown in fig. 5, according to the test result of the mercury ion clock semi-physical simulation experiment, the line width of the clock transition spectral line measured in real time in step (7) is 5Hz, which is the same as the set line width ω =5Hz of the line-shaped function F (x) in step (5); the frequency discrimination error signal measured in real time in the step (12) has a value of 0 at a frequency offset of 0Hz (corresponding to the peak value of the clock transition spectral line in the step (9)), and the linearity is kept good in a range of +/-2.5 Hz; sampling points of interference signals and feedback signals within the noise range of +/-1.5 Hz, which are measured in real time in the step (14), are in one-to-one correspondence on a time domain; and (5) measuring the standard deviation of the locked central frequency value with time in real time in the step (15), wherein the standard deviation is less than 0.012Hz.
The invention has the characteristics of universality and expandability, can meet the requirements of atomic curve measurement and frequency discrimination curve measurement of different types of time sequence type atomic clock systems, and can realize the research and development and measurement of novel atomic clocks such as POP rubidium clocks, cold atomic microwave clocks and the like by adding or modifying corresponding time sequence pulse sequences; the invention can independently carry out technical verification through the time sequence control system and the physical part, realizes the simulation of the physical part and the joint test with hardware by utilizing a semi-physical simulation software method, and makes the independent research of the atomic clock core circuit technology possible for the simulation of the circuit and the atomic clock complete machine technology under the condition of temporarily not having the physical part; the method can realize the measurement of the atomic transition curve and the frequency discrimination curve of the time sequence atomic clock, can also realize the closed loop locking, the simulation and the verification of a clock frequency loop system, and greatly accelerates the development progress of the atomic clock of a complex physical system for carrying out the simulation measurement on the atomic signals of the physical part of the atomic clock in all directions.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.
Claims (10)
1. A mercury ion clock time sequence control semi-physical simulation system is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a control unit, an embedded controller, a time sequence pulse generator, a microwave signal source, a function generator, a photon counter, a phase-locked amplifier and a PID controller; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the control unit outputs a control instruction and transmits the control instruction to the embedded controller;
the embedded controller converts the control instruction into a driving signal and transmits the driving signal to the time sequence pulse generator;
the time sequence pulse generator generates a time sequence pulse signal according to the driving signal and respectively transmits the time sequence pulse signal to the microwave signal source, the photon counter and the phase-locked amplifier;
the microwave signal source adjusts central frequency parameters according to microwave pulse modulation signals and microwave frequency modulation signals in the time sequence pulse signals, outputs microwave search signals subjected to pulse amplitude modulation and frequency modulation, and transmits the microwave search signals to the control unit through the embedded controller;
the control unit reads out an actual output value of the central frequency value of the microwave searching signal, converts the actual output value of the central frequency value of the microwave searching signal into a frequency value which is in direct proportion to the intensity of the transition fluorescence signal of the physical part of the mercury ion clock, and transmits the frequency value to the function generator;
the function generator generates electric pulse signals according to the frequency values and transmits the electric pulse signals to the photon counter;
the photon counter counts the electric pulse signals by taking the time sequence pulse signals output by the time sequence pulse generator as triggers, outputs pulse counting signals and transmits the pulse counting signals to the phase-locked amplifier;
the phase-locked amplifier processes the pulse counting signal and the microwave frequency modulation signal in the time sequence pulse signal through synchronous phase discrimination to obtain an error signal, and transmits the error signal to the PID controller;
and the PID controller performs proportional-integral-derivative operation on the error signal to adjust and output a feedback signal, and transmits the feedback signal to a voltage control end of the microwave signal source.
2. The mercury ion clock timing control semi-physical simulation system of claim 1, wherein: the frequency value is: yi = F (fi); where yi is a frequency value, F () is a clock transition curve linear function, and fi is an actual output value of the central frequency value of the microwave search signal.
3. The mercury ion clock timing control semi-physical simulation system of claim 2, wherein: the linear function of the clock transition curve is as follows:
F(x)＝Aω/[4(x-x 0 ) 2 +ω 2 )]；
wherein A is maximum, ω is line width, x is microwave frequency, x 0 Is the clock transition center frequency.
4. The mercury ion clock timing control semi-physical simulation system of claim 3, wherein: the line width ω is set to 5Hz and the maximum a is set to 10000Hz.
5. The mercury ion clock timing control semi-physical simulation system of claim 1, wherein: the time sequence pulse signals comprise an electron gun switch signal, an ion spectrum lamp switch signal, a photon counter gate control signal, a microwave pulse modulation signal and a microwave frequency modulation signal.
6. The mercury ion clock timing control semi-physical simulation system of claim 1, wherein: the trigger is selected to be the rising edge of the photon counter gating signal generated by the timing pulse generator.
7. The mercury ion clock timing control semi-physical simulation system of claim 1, wherein: the phase discrimination period of the phase-locked amplifier is 2T, the input signal is a pulse counting signal, the reference signal is a microwave frequency modulation signal in a time sequence pulse signal, and the integral time constant of the phase-locked amplifier is required to be more than or equal to 2T.
8. A mercury ion clock time sequence control semi-physical simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the control unit outputs a control instruction and transmits the control instruction to the embedded controller;
the embedded controller converts the control instruction into a driving signal and transmits the driving signal to the time sequence pulse generator;
the time sequence pulse generator generates time sequence pulse signals according to the driving signals and respectively transmits the time sequence pulse signals to the microwave signal source, the photon counter and the phase-locked amplifier;
the microwave signal source adjusts central frequency parameters according to microwave pulse modulation signals and microwave frequency modulation signals in the time sequence pulse signals, outputs microwave search signals subjected to pulse amplitude modulation and frequency modulation, and transmits the microwave search signals to the control unit through the embedded controller;
the control unit reads an actual output value of a central frequency value of the microwave searching signal, converts the actual output value of the central frequency value of the microwave searching signal into a frequency value yi which is in direct proportion to the intensity of a transition fluorescence signal of a physical part of the mercury ion clock, and transmits the frequency value yi to the function generator;
the function generator generates an electric pulse signal according to the frequency value yi and transmits the electric pulse signal to the photon counter;
the photon counter counts the electric pulse signals by taking the time sequence pulse signals output by the time sequence pulse generator as triggers, outputs pulse counting signals and transmits the pulse counting signals to the phase-locked amplifier;
the phase-locked amplifier processes the pulse counting signal and the microwave frequency modulation signal in the time sequence pulse signal through synchronous phase discrimination to obtain an error signal, and transmits the error signal to the PID controller;
and the PID controller performs proportional-integral-derivative operation on the error signal to adjust and output a feedback signal, and transmits the feedback signal to the voltage control end of the microwave signal source.
9. The mercury ion clock timing control semi-physical simulation method according to claim 8, wherein: the frequency values yi are: yi = F (fi); wherein, F () is a linear function of a clock transition curve, and fi is an actual output value of the central frequency value of the microwave search signal.
10. The mercury ion clock timing control semi-physical simulation method according to claim 9, wherein: the linear function of the clock transition curve is as follows:
F(x)＝Aω/[4(x-x 0 ) 2 +ω 2 )]；
wherein A is maximum, ω is line width, x is microwave frequency, x 0 Is the clock transition center frequency.
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| CN117914309A (en) * | 2024-03-19 | 2024-04-19 | 成都中微达信科技有限公司 | Molecular clock, molecular clock frequency control method and electronic equipment |
| CN117914309B (en) * | 2024-03-19 | 2024-05-31 | 成都中微达信科技有限公司 | Molecular clock, molecular clock frequency control method and electronic equipment |
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