CN115184995A - Method for determining direction of slip type earthquake-induced fault based on seismic data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for determining the direction of a sliding earthquake-induced fault based on earthquake measurement data, which comprises the following steps: using a seismic source mechanism to solve parameters, giving at least two nodal planes which are possible to indicate the direction of the seismic fault, and calculating to obtain theoretical P wave amplitude distribution of each nodal plane; calculating to obtain at least one actual P wave amplitude distribution according to the observation data of the seismograph network; and comparing the actual P-wave amplitude distribution with the theoretical P-wave amplitude distribution of each nodal plane, and selecting one nodal plane close to the actual P-wave amplitude distribution as a fault plane to determine the fracture direction of the sliding earthquake-induced fault. The method can quickly determine the fracture direction of the sliding earthquake-induced fault after the earthquake without acquiring excessive earthquake-related data and mainly based on the earthquake-measuring P-wave data, is simple, convenient and quick, and is suitable for quickly judging the fracture direction of the earthquake-induced fault after the earthquake.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of earthquake-induced fault direction determination, in particular to a method for determining the direction of a sliding earthquake-induced fault based on earthquake measurement data.
Background
The fault fracture direction determination is a crucial parameter for earthquake damage assessment. The fault plane is determined by adopting geological active fault data mostly, and the fault plane with the section plane close to the fault direction is the fault plane.
The currently adopted judgment method comprises the following steps: carrying out on-site geological survey, and identifying earthquake fractured zones (Xuxi Wei, wenzhize, yejianqing, etc. 2008. Wenchuan M S 8.0 earthquake surface fracture zone and its earthquake-generating structure [ J]Seismic geology); accurate aftershock fine positioning work is carried out, the space distribution of the aftershock after the earthquake is along the fault surface trend (Sujinrong, zhengYu, yangjiansi, etc.. 2013.2013, 20-month-4-Sichuan Lushan M7.0 grade earthquake and aftershock accurate positioning and initial exploration of earthquake-generating structure [ J]Geophysical newspaper); the major axis of the equi-seismic lines in the polar region should be the strike of the fault plane (Liu's origin, yuan-Yi-Yuan, jin xing. 2004. Ground seismic spatial distribution near the fault [ J]Earthquake bulletin); the same-shock displacement data resolved by the INSAR and the GPS directly represents the fault dislocation direction (project group of China crustal motion observation network in the national major scientific engineering, 2008.GPS measured Wenchuan M in 2008 S 8.0 common-seismic displacement field of earthquake [ J]China science (edition D); quchun Swallow, song Xiao gang, zhang Gui Fang, et al, wenchuan M S 8.0 InSAR homoseismal deformation field characteristic analysis of earthquake [ J]Seismic geology).
Prior art (Xuxi Wei, jiang nationality flame, yunhua, etc. 2014 Ludian grade 6.5 earthquake-induced fault determination and structural attribute discussion thereof [ J]Geophysical news), prior art (zhao xu, liu jie, von yuen, 2014.2014, yunan ludian M S 6.5 seismic Source kinematic features [ J]Seismic geology), prior art (xu Chong, xu Xiwei, shenling, etc. Ludian M2014 S 6.5 earthquake triggered landslide inventory and its indications of some seismic parameters [ J]Seismic geology) utilizes field investigation data of the Ludian earthquake, earthquake intensity long axis orientation, seismic source kinematic feature analysis, landslide record information and the like to determine an earthquake-initiating fault of the Ludian earthquake.
However, the above-mentioned prior art requires a certain time for obtaining the relevant data, and results cannot be obtained in the early stage of the rapid evaluation of the earthquake damage. Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for determining the direction of a sliding earthquake-induced fault based on seismic data.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for determining the direction of a sliding earthquake-induced fault based on seismic data, which comprises the following steps:
s1, solving parameters by using a seismic source mechanism, providing at least two nodal planes which are possible to indicate the direction of a seismic fault, and calculating to obtain theoretical P-wave amplitude distribution of each nodal plane;
s2, calculating to obtain at least one actual P wave amplitude distribution according to the observation data of the seismograph network;
and S3, comparing the actual P wave amplitude distribution with the theoretical P wave amplitude distribution of each nodal plane, and selecting one nodal plane close to the actual P wave amplitude distribution as a fault plane to determine the fracture direction of the sliding earthquake-induced fault.
According to one embodiment of the invention, step S1 comprises:
calculating the amplitude through coordinate rotation according to the seismic source mechanism solution parameters and the seismic center station parameters to obtain a double-couple source P wave amplitude expression through calculation;
and calculating to obtain the theoretical P wave amplitude distribution of each nodal plane based on the double couple source P wave amplitude expression.
According to one embodiment of the invention, when two nodal planes which are possible to indicate the direction of the earthquake fault are given, the dual couple source P-wave amplitude is expressed as:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
respectively representing the theoretical displacement of the nodal surface 1 and the nodal surface 2; m represents a seismic moment;
representing an azimuth; theta * Represents the average angle of incidence; u shape 1 Representing the strike angle of the nodal surface 1; u shape 2 Represents the strike angle of the nodal plane 2;
λ and μ represent Lame coefficients; f represents a constant with respect to speed; v P Representing the P-wave velocity.
According to one embodiment of the invention, step S2 comprises:
rotating the observation data of the seismograph table network from a geographic coordinate system NEZ to a ray coordinate system LQT;
intercepting a preset number of complete seismograph waveform data according to the arrival time of P waves in an LQT coordinate system, and calculating an average value as P wave interception amplitude;
performing seismic distance correction processing on the P wave interception amplitude to obtain a corrected P wave interception amplitude;
dividing a radiation sector by taking the epicenter as a circle center and a preset azimuth angle as an interval, intercepting the corrected P wave with the same sector, averaging the amplitude, and performing normalization processing on the amplitude of each sector to draw and obtain the actual P wave amplitude distribution actually observed by the seismograph station.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the P-wave intercept amplitude is calculated by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the intercepted amplitude of the P wave;
represents t 1 To t 2 Intercepting the sampling points of the waveform within a time range; t is t 1 、t 2 Respectively representing interception start time and interception end time; l represents an L component in an LQT coordinate system; a. The i Indicating the amplitude at time i.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the P-wave clipping amplitude is subject to a epicenter correction process by the following formula:
wherein A is k Representing the corrected amplitude of the epicenter for the kth seismic station;
representing the intercepted amplitude of the P wave; r is k Indicating the distance of the kth seismic station from the epicenter.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the co-sector corrected P-wave clipping amplitudes are averaged by the following equation:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the average value of the normalized P wave intercepted amplitude is represented; k belongs to 5 degrees and represents that the preset azimuth angle is 5 degrees; a. The k Representing the corrected amplitude of the epicenter for the kth seismic station; n is a radical of k Indicating the number of seismic stations in the 5 range.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the amplitude of each sector is normalized by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the amplitude of each sector after normalization;
represents the average of the normalized P-wave intercept amplitudes.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is also provided a storage medium containing a series of instructions for carrying out the steps of the method as described in any one of the above.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is also provided an apparatus for determining a glide-type seismic origin fault direction based on seismic data, the apparatus comprising:
the nodal surface theoretical amplitude distribution module is used for solving parameters by using a seismic source mechanism, providing at least two nodal surfaces which are possible to indicate the direction of a seismic fault, and calculating to obtain theoretical P wave amplitude distribution of each nodal surface;
the actual amplitude distribution module is used for calculating to obtain at least one actual P wave amplitude distribution according to the observation data of the seismological table network;
and the fracture direction confirmation module is used for comparing the actual P wave amplitude distribution with the theoretical P wave amplitude distribution of each nodal surface, and selecting one nodal surface close to the actual P wave amplitude distribution as a fault surface so as to determine the fracture direction of the sliding earthquake-induced fault.
According to the method for determining the direction of the sliding earthquake-induced fault based on the earthquake data, provided by the invention, the direction of the fracture of the sliding earthquake-induced fault can be quickly determined after the earthquake without acquiring excessive earthquake-related data and mainly based on the earthquake-measuring P-wave data, the method is simple, convenient and quick, is suitable for quickly judging the fracture direction of the earthquake-induced fault after the earthquake, and can provide reference data for determining the direction of the earthquake-induced fault and preventing and reducing the earthquake.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
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The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a method for determining a glide-type seismic origin fault direction based on seismic data, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing theoretical displacement coordinates for determining the direction of a glide-type seismic fault based on seismic data, explaining the corresponding parameters of rectangular coordinates and spherical coordinates, according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a graph of a theoretical radiation pattern of a certain time seismic versus a normalized radiation pattern of actual data for determining the direction of a glide-type seismic origin fault based on seismic data, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings, like parts are provided with like reference numerals. In addition, the drawings are not drawn to scale.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
By utilizing waveform data of seismograph stations and through the difference between the earthquake centroid position and the fracture initial position, the fracture directivity and earthquake-induced fault (Qinliu ice, chenvian, nisidao, etc. 2014. Research of earthquake fracture directivity determination method based on relative centroid epicenter, namely, using Yunnan Yingjiang M2008 in 2008 S 6.0 earthquake as an example [ J]Geophysical science report), by adopting the method, the difference between the centroid position of the Ludian earthquake and the fracture starting position is measured, the fracture length is at least 4km from NW to SE, and the earthquake fault of the principal earthquake is mainly a fracture with the trend of 160 degrees.
Seismic Doppler effect based on moving source models can also estimate fault fracture direction (Zhongqing, zhang Chunshan, chen Zhang et al 2011 Wenchuan M S 8.0 asymmetric distribution and cause analysis of seismic disasters [ J]Earthquake learning report; li Law turns on, zhang Jing 2014 uses Doppler effect to calculate the Wenchuan aftershock fault sliding velocity function [ J]Geophysical progress). Prior art (Zhao Xu, liu Jie, feng mu Wei. 2014.2014 Yun nan Lu Dian M S 6.5 seismic Source kinematic features [ J]Seismic geology) showed that the meadow seismic fractures exhibited significant directionality, extending primarily toward SE (in the opposite direction from the trend of 342 °), thus resulting in SE going toward most stationsThe station-view fracture duration is generally small.
Although the above-described prior art techniques have achieved good results, these prior art techniques require processing of large volumes of data and are difficult to obtain quickly after a major earthquake occurs.
In the prior art (von leo, liujg, rocaohong, housheng, xuwangxue, research on the direction of 6.5-grade earthquake-induced fault of rudian based on strong earthquake and earthquake measurement data, 3 months in 2015 of earthquake geology), 50 strong earthquake station observation records and 135 earthquake-measurement station observation records of rudian earthquake are utilized to respectively perform peak acceleration calculation and S-wave radiation pattern matching, and the direction of the earthquake-induced fault is discussed, but the main idea is to predict based on S-wave, and the fracture direction of the sliding earthquake-induced fault is not determined based on P-wave of earthquake measurement.
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a method for determining a glide-type seismic origin fault direction based on seismic data, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in step S1, the parameters are solved by using a source mechanism, at least two nodal planes which are possible to indicate the direction of the seismic fault are given, and the theoretical P-wave amplitude distribution of each nodal plane is calculated. Specifically, at least two nodal planes which are possible to indicate the direction of the seismic fault are given by using the solution parameters of the seismic source mechanism, the nodal plane which can indicate the direction of the distributed seismic fault is called a fault plane, and the rest nodal planes are called auxiliary planes. In one embodiment, the seismic waveform is recorded after the earthquake, and at least more than two nodal planes which are possible fault planes can be obtained by methods such as P-wave first arrival direction and CAP waveform inversion.
In one embodiment, step S1 comprises: calculating the amplitude through coordinate rotation according to the seismic source mechanism solution parameters and the seismic center station parameters to obtain a double-couple source P wave amplitude expression through calculation; and calculating to obtain the theoretical P wave amplitude distribution of each nodal surface based on the double couple source P wave amplitude expression. Specifically, a dual-couple excited static displacement expression in a spherical coordinate system can be obtained according to a seismic couple excited static displacement field expression. In one embodiment, the static displacement field of seismic couple excitation is expressed as follows:
in one embodiment, the expression for the dual couple excitation static displacement in a spherical coordinate system is as follows:
wherein u is i (i =1,2,3) represents the displacement in a rectangular coordinate system (as shown in fig. 2), u r Denotes radial displacement, u θ ,
Respectively representing transverse displacement, and theta represents a latitudinal unit vector of a spherical coordinate system;
representing the radial unit vector of the spherical coordinate system; m represents a seismic moment;
λ and μ denote Lame coefficients, and the relationship between the rectangular coordinate system and the spherical coordinate system is shown in FIG. 2.
And obtaining the maximum amplitude of the P wave along the wave propagation direction by a static displacement expression excited by the double force couple in the spherical coordinate system. For the double couple P wave radiation pattern which is a clover curve, the P wave expression along the action direction of force is strong under the control of the modulation factor X.
The modulation factor can be briefly expressed as:
wherein X represents a modulation factor;
representing an azimuth; f represents a constant with respect to speed; v P Representing the wave velocity.
For the earthquake-generating fault mainly involving sliding, the trend of the earthquake-generating fault can be judged by calculating the P wave amplitude of the dual couple model according to the P wave amplitude expression of the dual couple source by utilizing the amplitude distribution of the actually observed P wave. Specifically, the amplitude of the P wave of the observation station is obtained by slowly attenuating along the fault direction and quickly attenuating along the direction vertical to the fault direction, and the P wave displacement distribution of the double-couple seismic source is crossed on the auxiliary surface, so that the fracture surface can be comprehensively judged.
When two nodal planes which possibly indicate the direction of the earthquake fault are given, the P wave amplitude of the dual couple source is expressed as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
respectively representing the theoretical displacement of the nodal surface 1 and the nodal surface 2; m represents a seismic moment;
representing an azimuth; theta * Represents the average angle of incidence; u shape 1 Representing the strike angle of the nodal surface 1; u shape 2 The strike angle of the nodal surface 2 is shown;
λ and μ represent Lame coefficients; f represents a constant with respect to speed; v P Representing the P-wave velocity.
It should be noted that when more than two nodal planes are given, which may indicate the direction of the seismic fault, the above formula may also be used as the expression for the dual source P-wave amplitude.
As shown in fig. 1, in step S2, at least one actual P-wave amplitude distribution is calculated according to the survey stage network observation data. Specifically, the seismic waveform data which are actually observed are rotated into an LQT coordinate system, P-wave data in a half-wavelength time window with the arrival time as a starting point are intercepted according to manual picking or theoretical P-wave arrival time, the average amplitude in a selected time range is calculated, and the calculation result is used as the P-wave interception amplitude of the station.
In one embodiment, step S2 includes steps S21 to S24, wherein in step S21 the seismological table network observation data is rotated from the geographical coordinate system NEZ to the radial coordinate system LQT.
In one embodiment, the transformation matrix is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the azimuth of the reaction; theta * Representing the angle of incidence.
In step S22, in the LQT coordinate system, a preset number of complete seismograph data are intercepted according to the arrival time of the P-wave, and an average value is calculated as a P-wave interception amplitude. Specifically, the preset number is 2 or 3.
In one embodiment, the P-wave intercept amplitude is calculated by the following equation:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the P wave intercept amplitude;
represents t 1 To t 2 Acquisition of truncated waveforms over timeCounting the number of samples; t is t 1 、t 2 Respectively representing interception start time and interception end time; l represents an L component in an LQT coordinate system; a. The i Indicating the amplitude at time i.
In step S23, the epicenter correction processing is performed on the P-wave clipping amplitude, and the corrected P-wave clipping amplitude is obtained.
In one embodiment, the P-wave clip amplitude is subject to a epicenter correction process by the following equation:
wherein A is k Representing the correction amplitude of the epicenter for the kth seismic station;
representing the intercepted amplitude of the P wave; r k Indicating the distance of the kth seismic station from the epicenter.
In step S24, a radiation sector is divided at intervals of a preset azimuth angle with the epicenter as the center of a circle, the amplitudes of the P waves corrected by the same sector are averaged, and the amplitudes of the sectors are normalized to obtain the actual P wave amplitude distribution actually observed by the seismograph station. Specifically, the preset azimuth angle is 5 °.
In one embodiment, the co-sector corrected P-wave clipping amplitudes are averaged by the following equation:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
represents the average of the normalized P-wave intercepted amplitudes; k belongs to 5 degrees and represents that the preset azimuth angle is 5 degrees; a. The k Representing the corrected amplitude of the epicenter for the kth seismic station; n is a radical of k Indicating the number of seismic stations within a 5 deg. range.
In one embodiment, the amplitude of each sector is normalized by the following equation:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the normalized amplitude of each sector;
represents the average of the normalized P-wave intercept amplitudes.
As shown in fig. 1, in step S3, the actual P-wave amplitude distribution is compared with the theoretical P-wave amplitude distribution for each nodal surface, and one nodal surface close to the actual P-wave amplitude distribution is selected as a fault surface to determine the fracture direction of the slip-type earthquake-induced fault. Specifically, the actual P-wave amplitude distribution and the theoretical distribution pattern are compared, and one nodal plane close to the actual P-wave amplitude distribution is selected as a fault plane from among a plurality of theoretical P-wave amplitude distributions, thereby determining the slip-type earthquake-induced fault fracture direction.
As shown in FIG. 3, the process of determining the fracture direction of the earthquake-induced fault by the theoretical radiation pattern of the earthquake event with a certain magnitude greater than 6 and the actual observation data is given. Two fault nodal plane parameters are obtained in step S1, an observation data normalized radiation pattern is obtained in step S2, and the actual P wave amplitude normalized radiation pattern is compared with the two fault nodal plane radiation patterns in step S3, so that the earthquake-induced fault fracture can be confirmed to propagate along the direction 165 degrees of the nodal plane.
The invention relates to a method for rapidly determining the breaking direction of a sliding earthquake-induced fault based on earthquake-measuring P-wave data, which comprises the steps of obtaining earthquake-measuring table network data after an earthquake is utilized, calculating the amplitude of longitudinal waves according to the earthquake wave polarization principle so as to determine the breaking direction of the earthquake-induced fault, rapidly determining the breaking direction of the sliding earthquake-induced fault based on the earthquake table network observation data, and being used for assisting in determining the breaking direction of the earthquake-induced fault, and providing a reference basis for determining the earthquake-induced fault and disaster evaluation.
The method for determining the direction of the slip-type earthquake-induced fault based on the seismic data can be matched with a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program is stored on the storage medium and is executed to operate the method for determining the direction of the slip-type earthquake-induced fault based on the seismic data. The computer program is capable of executing computer instructions comprising computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, etc.
The computer-readable storage medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording medium, U.S. disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, read-Only Memory (ROM), random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, software distribution media, and the like.
It should be noted that the computer readable storage medium may include content that is subject to appropriate increase or decrease as required by legislation and patent practice in jurisdictions, for example, in some jurisdictions, computer readable storage media that does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunications signals in accordance with legislation and patent practice.
The invention also provides a device for determining the direction of the slip-type earthquake-initiated fault based on the seismic data, which executes a method for determining the direction of the slip-type earthquake-initiated fault based on the seismic data, and the device comprises: the device comprises a pitch surface theoretical amplitude distribution module, an actual amplitude distribution module and a fracture direction confirmation module.
Specifically, the nodal surface theoretical amplitude distribution module is used for solving parameters by using a seismic source mechanism, providing at least two nodal surfaces which possibly indicate the direction of a seismic fault, and calculating to obtain theoretical P-wave amplitude distribution of each nodal surface; the actual amplitude distribution module is used for calculating to obtain at least one actual P wave amplitude distribution according to the observation data of the seismological table network; and the fracture direction confirmation module is used for comparing the actual P wave amplitude distribution with the theoretical P wave amplitude distribution of each nodal plane, and selecting one nodal plane close to the actual P wave amplitude distribution as a fault plane so as to determine the fracture direction of the sliding earthquake-induced fault.
In conclusion, according to the method for determining the direction of the slip-type earthquake-induced fault based on the earthquake measurement data, provided by the invention, the direction of the fracture of the slip-type earthquake-induced fault can be quickly determined after the earthquake without acquiring excessive earthquake-related data and mainly based on the earthquake measurement P-wave data, the method is simple, convenient and quick, is suitable for quickly judging the fracture direction of the earthquake-induced fault after the earthquake, and can provide reference data for determining the direction of the earthquake-induced fault and preventing and reducing the earthquake.
It is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments of this invention are not limited to the particular structures, process steps, or materials disclosed herein but are extended to equivalents thereof as would be understood by those ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being fixed or detachable or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
The embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for determining a direction of a glide-type seismic origin fault based on seismic data, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, solving parameters by using a seismic source mechanism, giving out at least two nodal planes which are possible to indicate the direction of a seismic fault, and calculating to obtain theoretical P wave amplitude distribution of each nodal plane;
s2, calculating to obtain at least one actual P wave amplitude distribution according to the observation data of the seismograph network;
and S3, comparing the actual P wave amplitude distribution with the theoretical P wave amplitude distribution of each nodal plane, and selecting one nodal plane close to the actual P wave amplitude distribution as a fault plane to determine the fracture direction of the sliding earthquake-induced fault.
2. The method for determining the direction of a slip-type seismic origin fault based on seismic data as claimed in claim 1, wherein step S1 comprises:
calculating the amplitude through coordinate rotation according to the solution parameters of the seismic source mechanism and the parameters of the seismic center station, and calculating to obtain a double-couple source P wave amplitude expression;
and calculating to obtain the theoretical P wave amplitude distribution of each nodal plane based on the double couple source P wave amplitude expression.
3. The method for determining the direction of a walk-slip seismic origin fault based on seismological data as claimed in claim 2, wherein when two nodal planes are given which are likely to indicate the direction of the seismic fault, the dual couple source P-wave amplitude is expressed as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
respectively representing the theoretical displacement of the nodal surface 1 and the nodal surface 2; m represents a seismic moment;
representing an azimuth; theta * Represents the average angle of incidence; u shape 1 Representing the strike angle of the nodal surface 1; u shape 2 The strike angle of the nodal surface 2 is shown;
λ and μ represent Lame coefficients; f represents a constant with respect to speed; v P Representing the P-wave velocity.
4. A method of determining the direction of a glide-type seismic origin fault based on seismic data according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein step S2 comprises:
rotating the observation data of the seismograph table network from a geographic coordinate system NEZ to a ray coordinate system LQT;
intercepting a preset number of complete seismograph waveform data according to the arrival time of P waves in an LQT coordinate system, and calculating an average value as P wave interception amplitude;
performing seismic distance correction processing on the P wave interception amplitude to obtain a corrected P wave interception amplitude;
and dividing a radiation sector by taking the epicenter as a circle center and a preset azimuth angle as an interval, intercepting and averaging the amplitudes of the corrected P waves in the same sector, and performing normalization processing on the amplitudes of all sectors to draw and obtain the actual P wave amplitude distribution actually observed by the seismograph station.
5. The method for determining the direction of a glide-type seismic origin fault based on seismological data as defined in claim 4, wherein the P-wave intercept amplitude is calculated by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the P wave intercept amplitude;
represents t 1 To t 2 Intercepting the sampling points of the waveform within a time range; t is t 1 、t 2 Respectively representing interception start time and interception end time; l represents the L component in the LQT coordinate system; a. The i Indicating the amplitude at time i.
6. The method for determining the direction of a glide-type seismic origin fault based on seismic data as claimed in claim 4, wherein said P-wave intercept amplitude is subject to a seismographic correction by the formula:
wherein, A k Representing the correction amplitude of the epicenter for the kth seismic station;
representing the intercepted amplitude of the P wave; r is k Indicating the distance of the kth seismic station from the epicenter.
7. The method of determining the direction of a slip-type seismic origin fault based on seismic data of claim 4, wherein said corrected P-wave intercept amplitudes for the same sector are averaged by the following equation:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the average value of the normalized P wave intercepted amplitude is represented; k belongs to 5 degrees and represents that the preset azimuth angle is 5 degrees; a. The k Representing the correction amplitude of the epicenter for the kth seismic station; n is a radical of hydrogen k Indicating the number of seismic stations in the 5 range.
8. The method of determining the direction of a glide-type seismic origin fault based on seismic data of claim 4 wherein the amplitudes of the sectors are normalized by the formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the normalized amplitude of each sector;
represents the average of the normalized P-wave intercept amplitudes.
9. A storage medium characterized in that it contains a series of instructions for carrying out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. An apparatus for determining a direction of a gliding seismic origin fault based on seismic data, wherein the method according to any of claims 1-8 is performed, the apparatus comprising:
the nodal surface theoretical amplitude distribution module is used for solving parameters by using a seismic source mechanism, providing at least two nodal surfaces which possibly indicate the direction of a seismic fault, and calculating to obtain theoretical P-wave amplitude distribution of each nodal surface;
the actual amplitude distribution module is used for calculating at least one actual P wave amplitude distribution according to the observation data of the seismological table network;
and the fracture direction confirmation module is used for comparing the actual P wave amplitude distribution with the theoretical P wave amplitude distribution of each nodal surface, and selecting one nodal surface close to the actual P wave amplitude distribution as a fault surface so as to determine the fracture direction of the sliding earthquake-induced fault.
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