CN115184987B - Stratum inclination angle information extraction method and device, server and storage medium - Google Patents
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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Abstract
The invention provides a method, a device, a server and a storage medium for extracting stratum inclination angle information, which comprise the following steps: acquiring seismic observation data of at least one seismic channel in an observation target area; sorting and stacking each seismic channel based on a preset sorting variable and the seismic observation data to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area; and extracting stratum inclination angle information of the observation target area from the imaging space data set. The method can remarkably improve the stability of extracting the stratum inclination angle information, and can also effectively improve the accuracy and the calculation efficiency of extracting the stratum inclination angle information.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of seismic surveying technology, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a server, and a storage medium for extracting formation dip angle information.
Background
In seismic surveying, the dip angle information of the subsurface reflective formations can be used as an important geometric attribute for seismic data interpretation directly, and can also be used as prior information for processing various seismic observation data. Currently, existing formation dip estimation techniques can be divided into three categories: the formation dip angle estimation technology has the problems of poor stability, low extraction precision of formation dip angle information and low calculation efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, the present invention aims to provide a method, a device, a server and a storage medium for extracting formation dip angle information, which can significantly improve the stability of extracting formation dip angle information, and can also effectively improve the accuracy and calculation efficiency of extracting formation dip angle information.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for extracting formation dip angle information, including: acquiring seismic observation data of at least one seismic channel in an observation target area; sorting and stacking each seismic channel based on a preset sorting variable and the seismic observation data to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area; and extracting stratum inclination angle information of the observation target area from the imaging space data set.
In one embodiment, the seismic observation data includes seismic trace data and shot coordinates and geophone coordinates corresponding to the seismic trace data; the step of sorting and stacking each seismic channel based on a preset sorting variable and the seismic observation data to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area comprises the following steps: for each seismic channel, determining a preset sorting variable corresponding to the seismic channel based on the shot point coordinates, the wave detection point coordinates and the target imaging point coordinates of the seismic channel; taking the shot point coordinates, the wave detection point coordinates and the propagation time parameters of the seismic channel as a data sequence of the seismic channel, calculating partial derivatives of the data sequence of the seismic channel with respect to time, and obtaining a target data set corresponding to the seismic channel based on the partial derivatives and the amplitude parameters; and sorting and stacking each seismic channel according to the shot point coordinates, the detection point coordinates, the preset sorting variable and the target data set to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area.
In one embodiment, the preset sorting variable comprises a first sorting variable and a second sorting variable, the geometric relationship between the first sorting variable and the second sorting variable being related to a specified geometry, the specified geometry comprising a circle and/or an ellipse; the step of sorting and stacking each seismic trace according to the shot point coordinates, the detection point coordinates and the target data set to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area, comprising the following steps: sorting each seismic channel according to the first sorting variable, and sorting each seismic channel according to the second sorting variable to obtain a plurality of seismic channel sets; and respectively carrying out superposition processing on the target data set of each seismic channel in each seismic channel set based on the shot point coordinates and the detection point coordinates to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area.
In one embodiment, the stacking processing is performed on the target data set of each seismic trace in each seismic trace set based on the shot coordinates and the geophone coordinates to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area, including: the imaging spatial dataset of the observation target zone is calculated according to the following formula:
Wherein DIP (y j,xi,zk,blocksortx,blocksorty) is an imaging spatial dataset of the observed target area, (y j,xi,zk) is the target imaging point coordinate, blocksort x is a first sorting variable, blocksort y is a second sorting variable, M is the total number of seismic traces, a s is the amplitude value of the M-th seismic trace that the seismic source corresponding to is transmitting to the target imaging point, a g is the amplitude value of the M-th seismic trace that the corresponding detection point reversely transmits to the target imaging point, τ s is the propagation time of the M-th seismic trace that the seismic source corresponding to is transmitting to the target imaging point, τ g is the propagation time of the M-th seismic trace that the corresponding detection point reversely transmits to the target imaging point, (x s,ys) is the shot point coordinate, (x g,yg) is the detection point coordinate, V rms is the root mean square velocity at the target imaging point, T 0k is the quality factor at the target imaging point when the seismic wave travels vertically in double passes.
In one embodiment, the extracting formation dip information of the observation target zone from the imaging spatial dataset includes: determining at least one subsurface reflective formation and inclination angle position information in each subsurface reflective formation from the observation target zone according to a preset designated line number and the imaging space data set; for each of the subsurface reflective formations, extracting at least one imaging spatial sub-dataset from the imaging spatial dataset based on the dip angle position information in the subsurface reflective formation, and determining a apparent dip angle value for the subsurface reflective formation from each of the imaging spatial sub-datasets; and determining the dip angle position information and/or the apparent dip angle value as stratum dip angle information of the underground reflection stratum in the observation target area.
In one embodiment, the determining, from the observation target zone, at least one subsurface reflective formation and inclination angle position information in each of the subsurface reflective formations according to a preset specified line number and the imaging spatial data set includes: generating a three-dimensional offset data volume corresponding to the observation target area according to the imaging space data set; cutting the three-dimensional offset data body by using a preset designated line number to obtain an offset section; at least one subsurface reflective formation is identified from the offset profile and tilt angle position information in each of the subsurface reflective formations is determined.
In one embodiment, the extracting at least one imaging spatial sub-data set from the imaging spatial data set based on the dip angle position information and determining a dip angle value for the subsurface reflective formation from each of the imaging spatial sub-data sets comprises: determining a first coordinate based on the specified line number and the dip angle position information, and determining a second coordinate based on the specified line number, the dip angle position information, and a seismic wave wavelength; respectively extracting a first sub-data set corresponding to the first coordinate and a second sub-data set corresponding to the second coordinate from the imaging space data set; drawing a first dip pickup horizontal slice based on the first sub-dataset, identifying a first target geometry in the first dip pickup horizontal slice and a first center point coordinate of the first target geometry; and drawing a second dip pickup horizontal slice based on the second sub-dataset, identifying a second target geometry in the second dip pickup horizontal slice and a second center point coordinate of the second target geometry; and determining the apparent dip angle value of the underground reflection stratum according to the first central point coordinate and the second central point coordinate.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for extracting formation dip angle information, including: the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the seismic observation data of at least one seismic channel in the observation target area; the sorting and stacking module is used for sorting and stacking each seismic channel based on a preset sorting variable and the seismic observation data to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area; and the information extraction module is used for extracting stratum inclination angle information of the observation target area from the imaging space data set.
In a third aspect, embodiments of the present invention also provide a server comprising a processor and a memory storing computer executable instructions executable by the processor, the processor executing the computer executable instructions to implement the method of any one of the first aspects.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions which, when invoked and executed by a processor, cause the processor to implement the method of any one of the first aspects.
According to the method, the device, the server and the storage medium for extracting stratum inclination angle information, firstly, seismic observation data of at least one seismic channel in an observation target area are obtained, then sorting and overlapping processing is carried out on each seismic channel based on preset sorting variables and the seismic observation data, an imaging space dataset of the observation target area is obtained, and finally stratum inclination angle information of the observation target area is extracted from the imaging space dataset. According to the method, sorting and stacking processing can be carried out on each channel of seismic data based on the preset sorting variable and the seismic observation data, and the sorting and stacking processing only involves simple algebraic operation, so that stability of extracting stratum dip angle information can be remarkably improved, and because of good geometric relations among the preset sorting variables, an imaging space dataset is obtained on the basis of the preset sorting variable, stratum dip angle information can be accurately obtained from the imaging space dataset, and accuracy and calculation efficiency of extracting stratum dip angle information are remarkably improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for extracting formation dip angle information according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first tilt pick-up horizontal slice according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second tilt pick-up horizontal slice according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for extracting formation dip angle information according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a server according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In seismic exploration, the extraction of the inclination angle information of the underground reflection stratum through the ground seismic observation data is a long-standing effort target of geophysicists, wherein the inclination angle information of the underground reflection stratum can be directly applied to seismic data interpretation as an important geometrical attribute and can also be applied to various seismic observation data processing methods as prior information so as to reduce the polynomials of the seismic observation data and further obtain a better processing result.
Existing formation dip angle estimation techniques can be divided into three types: (1) And analyzing the dip angle information of the stratum by utilizing the two-dimensional complex channels, and specifically, calculating the instantaneous phase of the reflected seismic wave, namely, obtaining the dip angle value of the reflected stratum in the three-dimensional space by calculating the geometric relationship of wave numbers along all directions. However, this technique is limited by the robustness of calculating the instantaneous phase by Hilbert transform, and has a problem of instability. (2) And extracting the stratum dip angle information based on the construction tensor, namely equivalent to the vector product of the smoothed reflection seismic event gradient, wherein at the moment, the feature vector corresponding to the maximum feature value of the construction tensor is the normal vector of the construction, and the stratum dip angle information can be obtained through simple transformation of the normal vector. However, this technique produces artifacts in steep formation areas, and to overcome this problem, it is necessary to pre-estimate the dip angle of the reflective formation and build a corresponding formation guide tensor to solve for this. (3) The dip angle information of the stratum is determined by using a plane wave decomposition filter method, namely, a nonlinear filter about dip angle is constructed under the assumption of local linear plane waves, and the dip angle of the stratum is inverted by taking a minimized filtering result as an objective function. However, this technique requires that the consistency of local dip angles of the seismic traces around the imaging point be ensured as much as possible, and thus introduces large errors when the subsurface structure changes drastically.
The three techniques described above have the following problems: (1) For fault development and an underground structure area containing small-scale diffractors, the continuity of the same phase axis of reflected waves and the consistency of local dip angles of a reflecting stratum are difficult to ensure, so that the calculation accuracy of the three technical methods is difficult to ensure. (2) All three techniques need to calculate based on the offset imaging three-dimensional data volume, so that the quality of the offset imaging data volume directly affects the estimation effect of the dip angle, and for imaging data volumes with low signal-to-noise ratio or containing offset noise, all three techniques can take the offset noise as an effective signal of the reflective stratum to make an erroneous estimation of the dip angle. (3) In three-dimensional space, the inclination angle of the reflective stratum needs to be commonly described by inclination angle components in two directions of an inline (main line) and crossline (cross line), all three technologies can only identify the inclination angle component in one direction on a single imaging line, and the component in the other direction can be obtained after the components in the other direction are needed to be calculated and form an offset data body by relying on a plurality of peripheral imaging lines, and the calculation of the three-dimensional offset imaging data body is very time-consuming.
In summary, the existing stratum inclination angle information extraction technology has the problems of poor stability, low stratum inclination angle information extraction precision, low calculation efficiency and the like.
Based on the above, the embodiment of the invention provides a method, a device, a server and a storage medium for extracting stratum inclination information, which can remarkably improve the stability of extracting stratum inclination information and can also effectively improve the accuracy and the calculation efficiency of extracting stratum inclination information.
For the convenience of understanding the present embodiment, first, a detailed description will be given of a method for extracting formation dip angle information disclosed in the present embodiment, referring to a flow chart of a method for extracting formation dip angle information shown in fig. 1, the method mainly includes the following steps S102 to S106:
Step S102, obtaining seismic observation data of at least one seismic channel in an observation target area. The seismic observation data may include seismic trace data and shot coordinates and geophone coordinates corresponding to the seismic trace data. In practice, in geophysical professions, a seismic trace is generally composed of a "trace header information" + "data sequence", where the trace header information records information including, but not limited to, the following: the shot point information, the wave detection point information, the sampling number ns of the obtained (seismic trace) observation data, the sampling rate dt and the like of the trace seismic trace are obtained, and after the trace head information is obtained, the obtained observation data is recorded (stored), and the data is a sequence, and has ns sampling points in total, and the sampling rate dt is obtained. In one embodiment, the device may be communicatively coupled to an associated device for seismic detection to acquire seismic observation data for at least one seismic trace acquired by the device.
And step S104, sorting and stacking each seismic channel based on preset sorting variables and seismic observation data to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area. The preset sorting variable can comprise a first sorting variable and a second sorting variable, the geometric relationship between the first sorting variable and the second sorting variable is related to a designated geometric figure, and the designated geometric figure comprises a circle and/or an ellipse; the imaging space dataset may include a line number line of an offset data volume of the imaging space, a CDP (common depth point gather) number of the offset data volume, a depth value of the offset data volume, a first sorting variable, and a second sorting variable.
In one embodiment, a preset sorting variable corresponding to the seismic trace may be calculated based on the seismic observation data, so that sorting processing is performed on the seismic trace based on the preset sorting variable corresponding to each seismic trace, so that the first preset sorting variable and the second preset sorting variable are both divided into a group, and for each sorted seismic trace set, stacking processing may be performed on each seismic trace in the seismic trace set, so that an imaging space dataset of the observation target area may be obtained.
And S106, extracting stratum inclination angle information of the observation target area from the imaging space data set. In one embodiment, the subsurface reflective formation and dip angle position information in the subsurface reflective formation may be determined based on the imaging spatial data sets, and at least one subset of imaging spatial data matching the dip angle position information may be extracted from the imaging spatial data sets, with formation dip angle information determined based on the first sorting variable and the second sorting variable in each of the imaging spatial data sets.
According to the method for extracting the stratum inclination angle information, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the separation and superposition processing can be carried out on each channel of seismic data based on the preset separation variable and the seismic observation data, and the separation and superposition processing only involves simple algebraic operation, so that the stability of extracting the stratum inclination angle information can be obviously improved, and because of the good geometric relationship between the preset separation variables, an imaging space dataset is obtained on the basis of the preset separation variable, the stratum inclination angle information can be accurately obtained from the imaging space dataset, and the accuracy and the calculation efficiency of extracting the stratum inclination angle information are obviously improved.
The target imaging point coordinates need to be preprocessed in advance before each seismic trace is sorted and stacked. In practical application, the coordinates of any imaging point in a subsurface three-dimensional imaging space (imaging space for short) of an observation target area are set as IMAGE (x i,yj,zk'), wherein i=1, 2,3, … I; j=1, 2,3 … J; k=1, 2,3 … K. Since only the time sequence representing the arrival of the seismic wave at the imaging point can be obtained from the seismic trace, the time sequence needs to be converted into a depth value, and in particular implementation, the depth value z k of the imaging point can be calculated according to the following formula to obtain the converted imaging point coordinate (x i,yj,zk):
z k＝0.5×Vrms(xi,yj,zk')T0k; v rms(xi,yj,zk) is the root mean square velocity at the imaging point, and T 0k is the vertical double travel time of the seismic wave at the imaging point.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention further provides an implementation manner of sorting and stacking each seismic trace based on a preset sorting variable and seismic observation data to obtain an imaging spatial data set of an observation target area, which is described in the following steps 1 to 3:
Step 1, for each seismic trace, determining a preset sorting variable corresponding to the seismic trace based on shot point coordinates, wave detection point coordinates and target imaging point coordinates of the seismic trace. Assuming that the seismic observation data of M seismic traces are provided, for each seismic trace, the coordinates of a shot point corresponding to the seismic trace are S (x s,ys, 0), the coordinates of a detection point are G (x g,yg, 0), the coordinates of a target imaging point are (x i,yj,zk), and the seismic trace is calculated by using the following formula to obtain a first sorting variable blocksort x and a second sorting variable blocksort y corresponding to the seismic trace:
In one embodiment, the first sorting variable blocksort x and the second sorting variable blocksort y, respectively, for the M traces are calculated according to the above formula.
To determine the geometric relationship between first sorting variable blocksort x and second sorting variable blocksort y, first sorting variable blocksort x and second sorting variable blocksort y may be integrated, the sum of squares of first sorting variable blocksort x and second sorting variable blocksort y being as follows:
In general, x s+xg-2xi＜＜zk,ys+yg-2yj＜＜zk, the right side of the formula is a positive number that does not change much and is in the (0, 1) interval, and it is known from the formula that the point (blocksort x,blocksorty) represented by the coordinates of the first sorting variable blocksort x and the second sorting variable blocksort y is a point on an approximately oval shape.
And 2, taking shot coordinates, wave detection point coordinates and propagation time parameters of the seismic channel as a data sequence of the seismic channel, calculating partial derivatives of the data sequence of the seismic channel for time, and obtaining a target data set corresponding to the seismic channel based on the partial derivatives and amplitude parameters. The propagation time parameters comprise the propagation time of the seismic source corresponding to the mth seismic channel transmitting to the target imaging point, the propagation time of the wave detection point corresponding to the mth seismic channel transmitting back to the target imaging point, and the amplitude parameters comprise the amplitude value of the seismic source corresponding to the mth seismic channel transmitting back to the target imaging point, and the amplitude value of the wave detection point corresponding to the mth seismic channel transmitting back to the target imaging point. In one embodiment, the target data set is represented as: wherein/> The method is characterized by comprising the steps of obtaining partial derivatives of time on a data sequence of seismic traces, wherein_A s is an amplitude value of a seismic source corresponding to an mth seismic trace, which is transmitted to a target imaging point, A g is an amplitude value of a detection point corresponding to the mth seismic trace, which is reversely transmitted to the target imaging point, τ s is a propagation time of the seismic source corresponding to the mth seismic trace, which is transmitted to the target imaging point, τ g is a propagation time of the detection point corresponding to the mth seismic trace, which is reversely transmitted to the target imaging point, (x s,ys) is a shot point coordinate, and (x g,yg) is a detection point coordinate.
And step 3, sorting and stacking each seismic channel according to the shot coordinates, the detector coordinates, the preset sorting variable and the target data set to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area. In one embodiment, the step of determining the imaging spatial dataset of the observation target region may be performed as follows steps 3.1 to 3.2:
And 3.1, sorting each seismic channel according to the first sorting variable, and sorting each seismic channel according to the second sorting variable to obtain a plurality of seismic channel sets. In one embodiment, the first preset sort variable and the second preset sort variable may both be the same and divided into a set. Illustratively, assuming a range of preset sorting variables from 0 to 90 °, the seismic traces for which the value of the first sorting variable blocksort x is 1 ° and the value of the second sorting variable blocksort y is 1 ° are grouped; seismic traces with a value of 2 ° for the first sorting variable blocksort x and a value of 1 ° for the second sorting variable blocksort y are grouped into another group, and seismic traces with a value of 1 ° for the first sorting variable blocksort x and a value of 2 ° for the second sorting variable blocksort y are grouped into another group, so that a plurality of seismic trace sets can be obtained.
And 3.2, respectively carrying out superposition processing on the target data set of each seismic channel in each seismic channel set based on the shot point coordinates and the wave detection point coordinates to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area. In one embodiment, the imaging spatial dataset of the observation target region may be calculated according to the following formula:
Wherein DIP (y j,xi,zk,blocksortx,blocksorty) is an imaging spatial dataset of the observation target region, The method comprises the steps of obtaining partial derivatives of data sequences of seismic traces with respect to time, (y j,xi,zk) is a target imaging point coordinate, blocksort x is a first sorting variable, blocksort y is a second sorting variable, M is the total number of seismic traces, A s is an amplitude value of a seismic source corresponding to an mth seismic trace, which is transmitted to a target imaging point, A g is an amplitude value of a detector corresponding to the mth seismic trace, which is transmitted to the target imaging point, τ s is a propagation time of the seismic source corresponding to the mth seismic trace, which is transmitted to the target imaging point, τ g is a propagation time of the detector corresponding to the mth seismic trace, which is transmitted to the target imaging point, (x s,ys) is a shot point coordinate, (x g,yg) is a detector coordinate, V rms is a root mean square velocity at the target imaging point, T 0k is a traveling factor of a seismic wave in vertical double-travel at the target imaging point, and Q eff is a quality seismic wave for describing the absorption of a medium to the seismic wave.
For an imaging spatial dataset, i.e. a dataset for extracting formation dip information, the expression is as follows:
Wherein nblocksortx is the total number of first sorting variables blocksort x and nblocksorty is the total number of second sorting variables blocksort y. In addition, the imaging spatial dataset has five dimensions, which correspond to the imaging spatially offset dataset MIG [ nLINE ] [ nCDP ] [ NZ ] as follows: where (y j,xi) denotes its position in the transverse plane, y j corresponds to the line number line (range 1-nLINE) of the imaged spatially offset data volume, x i corresponds to the CDP number (range 1-nCDP) of the offset data volume, z k corresponds to the depth value (range 1-NZ) of the offset data volume, and blocksort x and blocksort y correspond to the first and second sorting variables, respectively, at (y j,xi,zk).
For the foregoing step S106, the embodiment of the present invention provides an implementation manner of extracting formation dip information of an observation target area from an imaging spatial data set, see the following steps a to c:
And a step a of determining at least one underground reflection stratum and inclination angle position information in each underground reflection stratum from the observation target area according to a preset designated line number and an imaging space data set. In practical applications, the observation target area may include a plurality of subsurface reflective strata, and inclination information of each subsurface reflective stratum may be different. In one embodiment, the subsurface reflective formation and tilt angle position information in the subsurface reflective formation may be determined as follows steps a1 through a 3:
And a step a1 of generating a three-dimensional offset data volume corresponding to the observation target area (namely, the imaging space offset data volume) according to the imaging space data set. In one embodiment, the three-dimensional offset data volume over the imaging volume may be generated as follows:
And a2, cutting the three-dimensional offset data body by using a preset designated line number to obtain an offset section. In one embodiment, the three-dimensional offset data volume may be segmented by a y value (for example) corresponding to a specified line number line to obtain an offset profile, where the expression of the offset profile is as follows:
MIGsection(yj＝y,xi,zk)i＝1,2,3…nCDP；k＝1,2,3…NZ。
Step a3, identifying at least one subsurface reflective formation from the offset profile and determining dip angle position information in each subsurface reflective formation. In one embodiment, an offset profile is plotted with x corresponding to the CDP as the abscissa and z corresponding to the depth as the ordinate, and a value of MIGsection (y j＝y,xi,zk) as the magnitude, and a subsurface reflection stratum is found on the offset profile, and a position reflecting inclination information thereof, that is, inclination position information (x dip,zdip) is determined.
Step b) for each subsurface reflective formation, extracting at least one imaging spatial sub-data set from the imaging spatial data set based on the dip angle position information, and determining a visual dip angle value for the subsurface reflective formation from each imaging spatial sub-data set. Exemplary, embodiments of the present invention provide a schematic representation of a three-dimensional model for generating forward modeling data, as shown in fig. 2, with a background velocity of 3000m/s, comprising an inclined reflective layer with a viewing angle of 14.04 ° and 8.53 ° in the xz-and yz-planes, respectively.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an implementation manner of the step b, see the following steps b1 to b5:
step b1, determining a first coordinate based on the specified line number and the dip angle position information, and determining a second coordinate based on the specified line number, the dip angle position information and the seismic wave wavelength. Illustratively, the first coordinate may be (y line,xdip,zdip) and the second coordinate may be Wherein lambda is the wavelength of the seismic wave,/>F dominant is the primary frequency of the seismic trace.
And b2, respectively extracting a first sub-data set corresponding to the first coordinate and a second sub-data set corresponding to the second coordinate from the imaging space data set. In one embodiment, the first sub-data set is represented as:
DIP1(yj＝y,xi＝xdip,zk＝zdip,blocksortx,blocksorty)
blocksortx＝1,2,3…nblocksortx;blocksorty＝1,2,3…nblocksorty。
The second sub-data set is represented as:
blocksortx＝1,2,3…nblocksortx;blocksorty＝1,2,3…nblocksorty。
And b3, drawing a first dip pickup horizontal slice based on the first sub-data set, and identifying a first target geometric figure and a first center point coordinate of the first target geometric figure in the first dip pickup horizontal slice. For the first sub-data set DIP 1, a first DIP pick-up slice is plotted on the abscissa blocksort x and on the ordinate blocksort y, wherein a small circle with a radius close to 0 exists in the first DIP pick-up slice, and the blocksort x value corresponding to the center point of the circle is recorded as Blocksort y the value is denoted/>Exemplary, see FIG. 3 for a schematic view of a first dip pick-up horizontal slice having a value blocksort x/>, corresponding to the center point of its ringBlocksort y values/>0.251 And 0.151, respectively, corresponding to formation dip angles of 14.09 deg. and 8.59 deg., respectively.
And b4, drawing a second dip pickup horizontal slice based on the second sub-data set, and identifying a second target geometric figure and a second center point coordinate of the second target geometric figure in the second dip pickup horizontal slice. For the second sub-data set DIP 2, a second DIP pick-up horizontal slice is plotted on the abscissa blocksort x and on the ordinate blocksort y, wherein a ring of approximately elliptical shape is present in the second DIP pick-up horizontal slice, and the blocksort x value corresponding to the center point of the ring is recorded asBlocksort y the value is denoted/>Exemplary, see FIG. 4 for a schematic view of a second dip pick-up horizontal slice having a value blocksort x/>, corresponding to the center point of its ringBlocksort y values/>0.259 And 0.143, respectively, corresponding to formation dip angles of 14.52 ° and 8.14 °, respectively.
And b5, determining the apparent dip angle value of the underground reflection stratum according to the first central point coordinate and the second central point coordinate. In one embodiment, the X-direction tilt angle value may be calculated as follows:
In another embodiment, the Y-direction tilt angle value may be calculated as follows:
And c, determining the dip angle position information and/or the apparent dip angle value as the formation dip angle information of the underground reflection stratum in the observation target area.
According to the method for extracting stratum inclination angle information, provided by the embodiment of the invention, all pre-stack seismic traces received on the ground of an observation target area are sorted and overlapped based on the calculation results of two preset sorting variables, so that a data set for extracting the stratum inclination angle information of the underground reflection is obtained, and the related information is further extracted in the data set to determine the stratum inclination angle information of the underground reflection. According to the embodiment of the invention, the inclination angle information of the underground reflection stratum can be extracted through the earthquake observation data of the ground. The dip angle information can be used as an important geometrical attribute to be directly applied to seismic data interpretation, can also be used as prior information to be applied to a processing method of various seismic observation data so as to reduce the polynosicity of the seismic observation data, and has important application value for oil and gas reservoir exploration and development.
The method for extracting stratum dip angle information provided by the embodiment of the invention has at least the following characteristics:
(1) In the process of generating the data set for extracting the inclination angle information of the underground reflection stratum, the applied sorting and superposition operations only relate to simple algebraic operation, and the method is good in stability and strong in noise interference resistance.
(2) In the embodiment of the invention, the point represented by the coordinates is formed into an approximate ellipse by using the values of the two preset sorting variables, and the circle center of the regular shape is obtained to be the stratum inclination angle information.
(3) In the three-dimensional space, the stratum inclination angle information extraction method provided by the embodiment of the invention can identify the inclination angle components of the reflecting stratum in the two directions of the line and crossline only on a single imaging line, does not need to rely on a plurality of peripheral imaging lines to participate in calculation, and has high calculation efficiency.
For the method for extracting formation dip angle information provided in the foregoing embodiment, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for extracting formation dip angle information, referring to a schematic structure diagram of a device for extracting formation dip angle information shown in fig. 5, where the device mainly includes the following parts:
a data acquisition module 502, configured to acquire seismic observation data of at least one seismic trace in an observation target area;
the sorting and stacking module 504 is configured to perform sorting and stacking processing on each seismic trace based on a preset sorting variable and seismic observation data, so as to obtain an imaging space dataset of an observation target area;
The information extraction module 506 is configured to extract formation dip information of the observation target area from the imaging spatial data set.
The device for extracting the stratum inclination angle information provided by the embodiment of the invention can perform sorting and superposition processing on each channel of seismic data based on the preset sorting variable and the seismic observation data, and the sorting and superposition processing only involves simple algebraic operation, so that the stability of extracting the stratum inclination angle information can be obviously improved, and because of good geometric relations among the preset sorting variables, an imaging space dataset is obtained on the basis of the preset sorting variable, the stratum inclination angle information can be accurately obtained from the imaging space dataset, and the accuracy and the calculation efficiency of extracting the stratum inclination angle information are obviously improved.
In one embodiment, the seismic observation data includes seismic trace data and shot coordinates and geophone coordinates corresponding to the seismic trace data; the sort stack module 504 is also configured to: for each seismic channel, determining a preset sorting variable corresponding to the seismic channel based on shot point coordinates, detection point coordinates and target imaging point coordinates of the seismic channel; taking shot coordinates, wave detection point coordinates and propagation time parameters of the seismic channel as a data sequence of the seismic channel, calculating partial derivatives of the data sequence of the seismic channel for time, and obtaining a target data set corresponding to the seismic channel based on the partial derivatives and amplitude parameters; and sorting and stacking each seismic channel according to the shot coordinates, the wave detection point coordinates, the preset sorting variable and the target data set to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area.
In one embodiment, the preset sorting variable comprises a first sorting variable and a second sorting variable, the geometric relationship between the first sorting variable and the second sorting variable being related to a specified geometry, the specified geometry comprising a circle and/or an ellipse; the sort stack module 504 is also configured to: sorting each seismic channel according to the first sorting variable, and sorting each seismic channel according to the second sorting variable to obtain a plurality of seismic channel sets; and respectively carrying out superposition processing on the target data set of each seismic channel in each seismic channel set based on the shot point coordinates and the wave detection point coordinates to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area.
In one embodiment, the sort stack module 504 is further configured to: the imaging spatial dataset of the observation target region is calculated according to the following formula:
/>
Wherein DIP (y j,xi,zk,blocksortx,blocksorty) is an imaging spatial dataset of an observation target area, (y j,xi,zk) is a target imaging point coordinate, blocksort x is a first sorting variable, blocksort y is a second sorting variable, M is a total number of seismic traces, a s is an amplitude value of a seismic source corresponding to an mth seismic trace being transmitted to a target imaging point, a g is an amplitude value of a pickup point corresponding to the mth seismic trace being reversely transmitted to the target imaging point, τ s is a propagation time of the seismic source corresponding to the mth seismic trace being transmitted to the target imaging point, τ g is a propagation time of the pickup point corresponding to the mth seismic trace being reversely transmitted to the target imaging point, (x s,ys) is a gun point coordinate, (x g,yg) is a pickup point coordinate, V rms is a root mean square velocity at the target imaging point, T 0k is a quality factor of a seismic wave at the target imaging point when traveling in a vertical double pass at the target imaging point.
In one embodiment, the information extraction module 506 is further configured to: determining at least one subsurface reflective formation and inclination angle position information in each subsurface reflective formation from an observation target zone according to a preset designated line number and an imaging space data set; extracting, for each subsurface reflective formation, at least one imaging spatial sub-data set from the imaging spatial data set based on the dip angle position information, and determining a apparent dip angle value for the subsurface reflective formation from each imaging spatial sub-data set; the dip angle position information and/or the apparent dip angle value is determined as formation dip angle information of the subsurface reflective formation in the observation target zone.
In one embodiment, the information extraction module 506 is further configured to: generating a three-dimensional offset data body corresponding to the observation target area according to the imaging space data set; cutting the three-dimensional offset data body by using a preset designated line number to obtain an offset profile; at least one subsurface reflective formation is identified from the offset profile and tilt angle position information in each subsurface reflective formation is determined.
In one embodiment, the information extraction module 506 is further configured to: determining a first coordinate based on the specified line number and the dip angle position information, and determining a second coordinate based on the specified line number, the dip angle position information, and the seismic wave wavelength; respectively extracting a first sub-data set corresponding to the first coordinate and a second sub-data set corresponding to the second coordinate from the imaging space data set; drawing a first dip pickup horizontal slice based on the first sub-dataset, identifying a first target geometry in the first dip pickup horizontal slice and a first center point coordinate of the first target geometry; and drawing a second dip pickup horizontal slice based on the second sub-dataset, identifying a second target geometry in the second dip pickup horizontal slice and a second center point coordinate of the second target geometry; and determining the apparent dip value of the underground reflection stratum according to the first central point coordinate and the second central point coordinate.
The device provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the same implementation principle and technical effects as those of the foregoing method embodiment, and for the sake of brevity, reference may be made to the corresponding content in the foregoing method embodiment where the device embodiment is not mentioned.
The embodiment of the invention provides a server, which specifically comprises a processor and a storage device; the storage means has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by the processor, performs the method of any of the embodiments described above.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a server according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the server 100 includes: a processor 60, a memory 61, a bus 62 and a communication interface 63, the processor 60, the communication interface 63 and the memory 61 being connected by the bus 62; the processor 60 is arranged to execute executable modules, such as computer programs, stored in the memory 61.
The memory 61 may include a high-speed random access memory (RAM, random Access Memory), and may further include a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory. The communication connection between the system network element and at least one other network element is achieved via at least one communication interface 63 (which may be wired or wireless), and may use the internet, a wide area network, a local network, a metropolitan area network, etc.
Bus 62 may be an ISA bus, a PCI bus, an EISA bus, or the like. The buses may be classified as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of illustration, only one bi-directional arrow is shown in FIG. 6, but not only one bus or type of bus.
The memory 61 is configured to store a program, and the processor 60 executes the program after receiving an execution instruction, and the method executed by the apparatus for flow defining disclosed in any of the foregoing embodiments of the present invention may be applied to the processor 60 or implemented by the processor 60.
The processor 60 may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. In implementation, the steps of the above method may be performed by integrated logic circuitry in hardware or instructions in software in the processor 60. The processor 60 may be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a network processor (Network Processor, NP), etc.; but may also be a digital signal processor (DIGITAL SIGNAL Processing, DSP), application SPECIFIC INTEGRATED Circuit (ASIC), off-the-shelf Programmable gate array (Field-Programmable GATE ARRAY, FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware components. The disclosed methods, steps, and logic blocks in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented or performed. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied directly in the execution of a hardware decoding processor, or in the execution of a combination of hardware and software modules in a decoding processor. The software modules may be located in a random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, etc. as well known in the art. The storage medium is located in a memory 61 and the processor 60 reads the information in the memory 61 and in combination with its hardware performs the steps of the method described above.
The computer program product of the readable storage medium provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a computer readable storage medium storing a program code, where the program code includes instructions for executing the method described in the foregoing method embodiment, and the specific implementation may refer to the foregoing method embodiment and will not be described herein.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art or in a part of the technical solution, in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, comprising several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited thereto, and that the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples: any person skilled in the art may modify or easily conceive of the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent substitution of some of the technical features, while remaining within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for extracting stratum dip angle information is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring seismic observation data of at least one seismic channel in an observation target area;
Sorting and stacking each seismic channel based on a preset sorting variable and the seismic observation data to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area; the preset sorting variables comprise a first sorting variable and a second sorting variable, the geometric relationship between the first sorting variable and the second sorting variable is related to a specified geometric figure, the specified geometric figure comprises a circle and/or an ellipse, and the two values of the preset sorting variables form an approximate ellipse as points represented by coordinates;
and extracting stratum inclination angle information of the observation target area from the imaging space data set.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the seismic observation data includes seismic trace data and shot coordinates and geophone coordinates corresponding to the seismic trace data; the step of sorting and stacking each seismic channel based on a preset sorting variable and the seismic observation data to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area comprises the following steps:
For each seismic channel, determining a preset sorting variable corresponding to the seismic channel based on the shot point coordinates, the wave detection point coordinates and the target imaging point coordinates of the seismic channel;
taking the shot point coordinates, the wave detection point coordinates and the propagation time parameters of the seismic channel as a data sequence of the seismic channel, calculating partial derivatives of the data sequence of the seismic channel with respect to time, and obtaining a target data set corresponding to the seismic channel based on the partial derivatives and the amplitude parameters;
and sorting and stacking each seismic channel according to the shot point coordinates, the detection point coordinates, the preset sorting variable and the target data set to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the sorting and stacking each seismic trace according to the shot coordinates, the detector coordinates, the preset sorting variables and the target data set to obtain an imaging space data set of the observed target zone includes:
Sorting each seismic channel according to the first sorting variable, and sorting each seismic channel according to the second sorting variable to obtain a plurality of seismic channel sets;
And respectively carrying out superposition processing on the target data set of each seismic channel in each seismic channel set based on the shot point coordinates and the detection point coordinates to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the superimposing the target dataset for each of the seismic traces in each set of seismic traces based on the shot coordinates and the geophone coordinates to obtain an imaging spatial dataset for the observed target zone comprises:
the imaging spatial dataset of the observation target zone is calculated according to the following formula:
Wherein DIP (y j,xi,zk,blocksortx,blocksorty) is an imaging spatial dataset of the observed target area, (y j,xi,zk) is the target imaging point coordinate, blocksort x is a first sorting variable, blocksort y is a second sorting variable, M is the total number of seismic traces, a s is the amplitude value of the M-th seismic trace that the seismic source corresponding to is transmitting to the target imaging point, a g is the amplitude value of the M-th seismic trace that the corresponding detection point reversely transmits to the target imaging point, τ s is the propagation time of the M-th seismic trace that the seismic source corresponding to is transmitting to the target imaging point, τ g is the propagation time of the M-th seismic trace that the corresponding detection point reversely transmits to the target imaging point, (x s,ys) is the shot point coordinate, (x g,yg) is the detection point coordinate, V rms is the root mean square velocity at the target imaging point, T 0k is the quality factor at the target imaging point when the seismic wave travels vertically in double passes.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracting formation dip information for the observation target zone from the imaging spatial dataset comprises:
determining at least one subsurface reflective formation and inclination angle position information in each subsurface reflective formation from the observation target zone according to a preset designated line number and the imaging space data set;
For each of the subsurface reflective formations, extracting at least one imaging spatial sub-dataset from the imaging spatial dataset based on the dip angle position information in the subsurface reflective formation, and determining a apparent dip angle value for the subsurface reflective formation from each of the imaging spatial sub-datasets;
And determining the dip angle position information and/or the apparent dip angle value as stratum dip angle information of the underground reflection stratum in the observation target area.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining inclination position information in at least one subsurface reflective formation and each of the subsurface reflective formations from the observation target zone based on a preset specified line number and the imaging spatial data set comprises:
generating a three-dimensional offset data volume corresponding to the observation target area according to the imaging space data set;
cutting the three-dimensional offset data body by using a preset designated line number to obtain an offset section;
At least one subsurface reflective formation is identified from the offset profile and tilt angle position information in each of the subsurface reflective formations is determined.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein extracting at least one imaging spatial sub-data set from the imaging spatial data set based on the dip angle position information and determining a dip angle value for the subsurface reflective formation from each of the imaging spatial sub-data sets comprises:
Determining a first coordinate based on the specified line number and the dip angle position information, and determining a second coordinate based on the specified line number, the dip angle position information, and a seismic wave wavelength;
respectively extracting a first sub-data set corresponding to the first coordinate and a second sub-data set corresponding to the second coordinate from the imaging space data set;
Drawing a first dip pickup horizontal slice based on the first sub-dataset, identifying a first target geometry in the first dip pickup horizontal slice and a first center point coordinate of the first target geometry; and drawing a second dip pickup horizontal slice based on the second sub-dataset, identifying a second target geometry in the second dip pickup horizontal slice and a second center point coordinate of the second target geometry;
And determining the apparent dip angle value of the underground reflection stratum according to the first central point coordinate and the second central point coordinate.
8. An apparatus for extracting formation dip angle information, comprising:
The data acquisition module is used for acquiring the seismic observation data of at least one seismic channel in the observation target area;
The sorting and stacking module is used for sorting and stacking each seismic channel based on a preset sorting variable and the seismic observation data to obtain an imaging space data set of the observation target area; the preset sorting variables comprise a first sorting variable and a second sorting variable, the geometric relationship between the first sorting variable and the second sorting variable is related to a specified geometric figure, the specified geometric figure comprises a circle and/or an ellipse, and the two values of the preset sorting variables form an approximate ellipse as points represented by coordinates;
and the information extraction module is used for extracting stratum inclination angle information of the observation target area from the imaging space data set.
9. A server comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing computer executable instructions executable by the processor, the processor executing the computer executable instructions to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer readable storage medium storing computer executable instructions which, when invoked and executed by a processor, cause the processor to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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