CN110118993A - Diffraction wave imaging method and device - Google Patents
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- CN110118993A CN110118993A CN201910443218.7A CN201910443218A CN110118993A CN 110118993 A CN110118993 A CN 110118993A CN 201910443218 A CN201910443218 A CN 201910443218A CN 110118993 A CN110118993 A CN 110118993A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of diffraction wave imaging method and devices, are related to seismic exploration technique field, by extracting angle gathers from seismic data, carry out Fourier transformation to angle gathers in an angular direction, obtain amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum；Enabling phase spectrum is zero, then carries out Fourier inversion, to be migrated by the true dip angle of back wave to zero inclination angle, the angle gathers are migrated by inclination angle, angle gathers after being migrated, such reflected energy are distributed near zero inclination angle, and diffracted wave Energy distribution is in wide range；The energy zero setting of zero inclination angle vicinity has effectively been suppressed back wave in this way, has obtained diffracted wave by design truncation funcation；Finally, being overlapped imaging, diffracted wave imaging results are obtained；The invention avoids seeking for inclination angle, realize effective compacting of back wave, and image quality is high, is simple and efficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic exploration technique fields, more particularly, to a kind of diffraction wave imaging method and device.
Background technique
Correct identification geology discontinuity is the significant challenge of seismic prospecting such as tomography, pinching and small size scatterer.
The seismic response of these objects is present in diffracted wave.Earthquake diffraction is that the ideal of these small discontinuous target informations of scale carries
Body, therefore can be used to detect these geologic objectives.However, since the energy of diffraction is weaker relative to mirror-reflection energy, because
This is difficult to identify.The positioning of the scatterers such as tomography, pinching, reflectivity change dramatically, salt side is that one in seismic prospecting is important
Challenge.It is characterized in that there are diffraction energies by the wave field that these objects generate.Traditional seismic processing tends to enhancing reflection, will
Other waves include that diffracted wave is considered as noise.Therefore, diffracted wave will receive weakening in conventional process, for diffraction wave characteristic
It is proposed that effective imaging method is necessary.
Angle gathers are a kind of imaging trace gathers, and energy accumulating is near true dip angle in angle gathers for back wave, diffracted wave dispersion
In wide range.Conventional back wave drawing method, is to remove reflected energy under the premise of known inclination angle, then realize
Diffracted wave imaging.However, this method needs to calculate complicated inclination angle, and the trueness error at inclination angle will will affect diffractor
Image quality.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of diffraction wave imaging method and device, without calculating inclination angle, avoid because
Inclination angle field error error caused by diffractor imaging results, image quality is high, and can be realized effective compacting of back wave, side
Method is simple and efficient.
In a first aspect, a kind of diffraction wave imaging method provided by the invention, comprising:
According to seismic data, determine that angle gathers, the angle gathers include reflected energy and diffraction wave energy；
It is migrated by the true dip angle of back wave to zero inclination angle, the angle gathers is migrated by inclination angle, are moved
Angle gathers after shifting；
The energy of zero inclination angle vicinity in angle gathers after removal migration, the angle gathers after being removed；
Imaging is overlapped to the angle gathers after the removal, obtains diffracted wave imaging results.
Second aspect, a kind of diffracted wave imaging device provided by the invention, including preprocessing module, transferring module, removal
Module, image-forming module；
The preprocessing module is used for according to seismic data, determines angle gathers, the angle gathers include reflected energy and
Diffraction wave energy；
The transferring module presses inclination angle for migrating by the true dip angle of back wave to zero inclination angle, by the angle gathers
It is migrated, the angle gathers after being migrated；
The removal module is used to remove the energy of zero inclination angle vicinity in the angle gathers after migration, after being removed
Angle gathers；
The image-forming module obtains diffracted wave imaging results for being overlapped imaging to the angle gathers after the removal.
The third aspect, a kind of electronic equipment provided by the invention, including memory, processor and it is stored in the memory
Computer program that is upper and can running on the processor, the processor realize first party when executing the computer program
The step of face method.
Fourth aspect, a kind of computer of non-volatile program code that can be performed with processor provided by the invention can
Medium is read, said program code makes the processor execute method described in first aspect.
Diffraction wave imaging method and device provided by the invention, by extracting angle gathers data from seismic data, by angle
Reflected energy in trace gather data is migrated by true dip angle position to zero inclination angle, and removes reflected energy, obtains diffraction wave angle
Trace gather data finally carry out diffracted wave imaging, to determine the position of geological anomalous body according to diffracted wave imaging results；The present invention
It is able to achieve effective compacting of back wave, without calculating inclination angle, improves image quality, method is simple and efficient.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical solution in the prior art
Embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art be briefly described, it should be apparent that, it is described below
Attached drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before not making the creative labor
It puts, is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of diffraction wave imaging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the angle gathers schematic diagram of diffraction wave imaging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the principle of diffracted wave imaging device provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the principle of electronic equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 301- preprocessing module；302- transferring module；303- removes module；304- image-forming module；400- electronics is set
It is standby；401- communication interface；402- processor；403- memory；404- bus.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with embodiment, it is clear that described reality
Applying example is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, the common skill in this field
Art personnel every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
Currently, mainly having two thinkings in existing diffraction wave imaging method, first is that utilizing the fortune of diffracted wave and back wave
Dynamic learn directly carries out diffracted wave imaging with dynamic characteristic (such as travel time curve has hyperbolic feature, amplitude attenuation law)；Second is that
For the difference of diffracted wave and back wave, diffracted wave field is separated first, is then imaged.Decomposition of plane wave method is
A kind of common diffraction wave imaging method, suppresses back wave, is carried out in the case where known reflection slope of wave surface,
This just needs to calculate complicated inclination angle, and the trueness error at inclination angle will will affect diffractor image quality.Based on this, this hair
It is bright to propose a kind of diffraction wave imaging method and device, without calculating inclination angle, and can effective depressor reflex wave, obtain high quality
Diffracted wave imaging results.
Referring to Fig.1, a kind of diffraction wave imaging method, comprising:
S101 determines that angle gathers, angle gathers include reflected energy and diffraction wave energy according to seismic data；
Specifically, seismic data is obtained by seismic prospecting instrument, and seismic prospecting instrument includes focus generating device, seismic receiving
Device and recording device, seismic receiving device are mainly geophone, and recording device mainly uses seismic information collection system
System.The generation of focus, which mainly uses, puts the blasting charge, manually swings sledgehammer or focus instrument etc..
Seismic data is obtained by seismic prospecting instrument, migration processing is carried out to seismic data, obtains angle gathers.It is common inclined
Shifting method has Kirchhoff (kirchhoff) integration method, finite difference calculus and frequency wavenumber domain deflection method.
Angle gathers are a kind of image gathers, and the full name of angle gathers is angle domain common image gathers (ADCIGs).
Seismic wave is to refer to from focus from earthquake source to the vibration blazed about and generate the elastic wave radiated around.
The formation condition of back wave is that there are wave impedance interfaces for subterranean strata.When seismic wave is discontinuous by elasticity
Discontinuous point, such as the corner angle point of the discontinuous point on stratum, the pinching point on stratum or unconformity contact point and tomography, as long as these ground
The size of plastid is roughly the same with the wavelength of seismic wave, then this discontinuous discontinuous point is considered as a new focus, new to shake
Source generates a kind of new disturbance, propagates to elastic space surrounding, this wave is referred to as diffracted wave in seismic prospecting.Reflected energy
Related with echo amplitude, similarly, diffraction wave energy is related with diffraction amplitude.
It should be noted that being pertained only in the present embodiment in seismic wave in addition to back wave and diffracted wave are there are also other waves
Back wave and diffracted wave, other waveforms are not described in detail.
S102 is migrated by the true dip angle of back wave to zero inclination angle, and angle gathers are migrated by inclination angle, are moved
Angle gathers after shifting.
Specifically, true dip angle is the maximum angle of horizontal plane and level rock, i.e., true dip angle is moved towards in vertical tilt face
Cross section on angle between the inclined surface measured and horizontal reference plane.
It is angle gathers schematic diagram, curve 201 is diffracted wave, and curve 202 and curve 203 are back waves referring to Fig. 2.From Fig. 2
It is found that diffracted wave went different angle seems to come into line, the curve of back wave shows as quasi- hyperbolic form, the vertex pair of back wave
The inclination angle answered is the true dip angle of reflecting interface.Namely the corresponding reflecting interface of curve 202 is horizontal, and curve 203 is corresponding
Reflecting interface is inclined.
It is migrated by the true dip angle of back wave to zero inclination angle, angle gathers is migrated, after migration, diffraction wave energy
It is distributed in wide range, reflected energy is distributed near zero inclination angle.
S103, the energy of the zero inclination angle vicinity in angle gathers after removal migration, the angle gathers after being removed.
Specifically, truncation funcation is designed using Fresnel-zone range under angle domain, removes the energy of zero inclination angle vicinity, with
Reflected energy is removed, realizes effective compacting of back wave.
S104 is overlapped imaging to the angle gathers after removal, obtains diffracted wave imaging results.
Specifically, the angle gathers for only protecting diffraction wave energy are obtained by step S103, and imaging is overlapped to it, is obtained
Diffracted wave imaging results.
The present embodiment is by, by migration processing, extracting angle gathers for address date, by being migrated to angle gathers, with
Reflected energy is migrated to zero inclination angle, then makes the energy zero setting near zero inclination angle by the way that truncation funcation is arranged, from
And depressor reflex wave energy, angle gathers only comprising diffraction wave energy are obtained, imaging are overlapped to the angle gathers, to obtain
Diffracted wave imaging results；The present embodiment avoids the calculating at inclination angle, realizes effective pressure of back wave by this method
System, effectively raises image quality, method is simple and efficient.
Optionally, above-mentioned steps S102 includes:
Fourier transformation is carried out to angle gathers, obtains the first time-frequency numeric field data；
Corresponding amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum are obtained according to the first time-frequency numeric field data；
Enabling phase spectrum is zero, obtains the second time-frequency numeric field data according to amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum；
Fourier inversion is carried out to the second time-frequency numeric field data, the angle gathers after being migrated.
Specifically, the frequency Yu amplitude, the relationship of phase of seismic signal can use amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum, become in Fourier
In changing, amplitude spectrum of the amplitude of each component with the variation of frequency as signal, the phase of each component is with angular frequency
Variation be known as signal phase spectrum.
If carrying out the angle gathers after migration processing as θ (x, y, t, α), in formula, (x, y) represents geology imaging point coordinate, t generation
Telogenesis picture point corresponds to the time, and α represents inclination angle；
Fourier transformation is carried out to angle gathers θ (x, y, t, α) according to (1) formula:
θ (x, y, t, f)=∫ θ (x, y, t, α) e-jfαD α (1),
Obtain the first time-frequency numeric field data θ (x, y, t, f), in formula, f represents the frequency of seismic data, and j represents imaginary unit；
Amplitude image and phase spectrum are obtained according to (2) formula and (3) formula:
Wherein, A (x, y, t, f) is amplitude spectrum, and P (x, y, t, f) is phase spectrum, and real represents the real part of imaginary number,
Imag represents imaginary part；
The phase spectrum zero for making (3) formula obtains the second time-frequency numeric field data θ according to (4) formula and (5) formulap(x, y, t, f),
real(θp(x, y, t, f))=A (x, y, t, f) (4),
imag(θp(x, y, t, f))=A (x, y, t, f) (5),
According to (6) formula clock synchronization frequency domain data θp(x, y, t, f) carries out Fourier inversion, the angle gathers number after being migrated
According to θp(x, y, t, α),
Angle gathers are carried out Fourier transformation by the present embodiment, i.e., do Fourier transformation according to angle direction, obtain amplitude spectrum
And phase spectrum, enabling phase spectrum is zero, obtains the second time-frequency numeric field data by (2) formula and (3) formula, carries out to the second time-frequency numeric field data
Fourier inversion migrated after angle gathers, in this way, back wave is migrated by true dip angle position to zero incident angle, in this way
The energy of back wave after migration is concentrated mainly near zero inclination angle, and diffraction wave energy is in wide range；In this way, passing through
Time-shifting method is migrated reflected energy to zero incident angle by true dip angle position, to pass through step function in next step for zero inclination angle
Neighbouring energy zero is prepared.
Optionally, above-mentioned steps S103 includes:
Truncation funcation is set centered on zero inclination angle；
Truncation funcation is multiplied with the angle gathers after migration, the angle gathers after obtaining zero inclination angle vicinity energy of removal.
Optionally, the truncation funcation in above-mentioned steps S103 are as follows:
Wherein, w (x, y, t, α) indicates truncation funcation, (x, y) tabular form geology imaging point coordinate, t represent imaging point to it is corresponding when
Between, α indicates inclination angle, fmIndicate seismic data dominant frequency frequency.
Specifically, obtain containing only the angle gathers of diffracted wave according to the following formula:
θpw(x, y, t, α)=w (x, y, t, α) × θp(x, y, t, α) (8),
Wherein, θp(x, y, t, α) indicates the angle gathers after migration, θpw(x, y, t, α) indicates to contain only the angle road of diffracted wave
Collection.
It is overlapped imaging according to (8) formula, obtains diffracted wave imaging results I (x, y, t):
I (x, y, t)=∫ θpw(x, y, t, α) d α (9),
After being concentrated on reflected energy near zero inclination angle by previous step, diffracted wave Energy distribution is in wide angle model
It encloses, in this way centered on zero inclination angle；Truncation funcation is arranged in this step, and the energy near zero inclination angle is zeroed, and due to back wave
Energy is more concentrated, and diffracted wave Energy distribution is wider, and therefore, back wave can be removed, and diffracted wave can be retained.
Diffraction wave imaging method provided in this embodiment is migrated reflected energy by true dip angle position using time-shifting method
To zero incident angle, after migration, in wide range, reflected energy is distributed near zero inclination angle diffracted wave Energy distribution；So
Truncation funcation is designed using Fresnel-zone range under angle domain afterwards, for removing reflected energy.The invention avoids inclination angle
It seeks, can be realized effective compacting of back wave, obtain diffracted wave imaging results, improve image quality, method is simple and efficient.
Accurately identifying for geological anomalous body (such as breakpoint, depositional termination line) can be realized using diffracted wave imaging results, these geology are different
Chang Tiyu oil-gas migration and coal mining are closely connected safely.The present embodiment can be used for complicated structure detection, can accurately determine
Position diffractor-geologic anomaly body position, such as tomography breakpoint, balk point etc. realizes the high score of these subsurface geology anomalous bodys
Resolution imaging.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of diffracted wave imaging devices, referring to Fig. 3, including preprocessing module 301, migration
Module 302, removal module 303, image-forming module 304；
Preprocessing module 301 is used to determine that angle gathers, angle gathers include reflected energy and diffracted wave according to seismic data
Energy；
Transferring module 302 is carried out for being migrated by the true dip angle of back wave to zero inclination angle, by angle gathers by inclination angle
Migration, the angle gathers after being migrated；
Removal module 303 is used to remove the energy of zero inclination angle vicinity in the angle gathers after migration, after being removed
Angle gathers；
Image-forming module 304 obtains diffracted wave imaging results for being overlapped imaging to the angle gathers after removal.
Optionally, transferring module 302 includes the first conversion module, spectrum analysis module, zero setting module and the second conversion module；
First conversion module is used to carry out Fourier transformation to angle gathers, obtains the first time-frequency numeric field data；
Spectrum analysis module is used to obtain corresponding amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum according to the first time-frequency numeric field data；
Zero setting module is zero for enabling phase spectrum, obtains the second time-frequency numeric field data according to amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum；
Second conversion module is used to carry out Fourier inversion to the second time-frequency numeric field data, the angle gathers after being migrated.
Optionally, removal module 303 includes that truncation funcation module and energy remove module；
Truncation funcation module is for being arranged truncation funcation centered on zero inclination angle；
Energy removal module is used to for truncation funcation being multiplied with the angle gathers after migration, obtains zero inclination angle vicinity energy of removal
Angle gathers after amount.
Optionally, truncation funcation are as follows:
Wherein, w (x, y, t, α) indicates truncation funcation, (x, y) tabular form geology imaging point coordinate, t represent imaging point to it is corresponding when
Between, α indicates inclination angle, and fm indicates seismic data dominant frequency frequency.
Referring to fig. 4, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of equipment, and the embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of electronic equipment
400, including communication interface 401, processor 402, memory 403 and bus 404, it processor 402, communication interface 401 and deposits
Reservoir 403 is connected by bus 404；Above-mentioned memory 403 supports processor 402 to execute above-mentioned diffracted wave imaging side for storing
The computer program of method, above-mentioned processor 402 are configurable for executing the program stored in the memory 403.
Optionally, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of calculating of non-volatile program code that can be performed with processor
Machine readable medium, program code execute processor such as the diffraction wave imaging method in above-described embodiment.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Pipe present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: its according to
So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into
Row equivalent replacement；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of diffraction wave imaging method characterized by comprising
According to seismic data, determine that angle gathers, the angle gathers include reflected energy and diffraction wave energy；
It is migrated by the true dip angle of back wave to zero inclination angle, the angle gathers is migrated by inclination angle, after obtaining migration
Angle gathers；
The energy of zero inclination angle vicinity in angle gathers after removal migration, the angle gathers after being removed；
Imaging is overlapped to the angle gathers after the removal, obtains diffracted wave imaging results.
2. diffraction wave imaging method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that migrated with the true dip angle of back wave to zero and inclined
On the basis of angle, the angle gathers are migrated by inclination angle, the step of angle gathers after being migrated includes:
Fourier transformation is carried out to angle gathers, obtains the first time-frequency numeric field data；
Corresponding amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum are obtained according to the first time-frequency numeric field data；
Enabling phase spectrum is zero, obtains the second time-frequency numeric field data according to amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum；
Fourier inversion is carried out to the second time-frequency numeric field data, the angle gathers after being migrated.
3. diffraction wave imaging method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that zero in angle gathers after removal migration inclines
The step of energy of angle vicinity, angle gathers after being removed includes:
Truncation funcation is set centered on zero inclination angle；
The truncation funcation is multiplied with the angle gathers after the migration, obtains the zero inclination angle vicinity road energy Hou Jiao of removal
Collection.
4. diffraction wave imaging method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the truncation funcation are as follows:
Wherein, w (x, y, t, α) indicates that truncation funcation, (x, y) tabular form geology imaging point coordinate, t represent imaging point and correspond to time, α
Indicate inclination angle, fmIndicate seismic data dominant frequency frequency.
5. a kind of diffracted wave imaging device, which is characterized in that including preprocessing module, transferring module, removal module, imaging mould
Block；
The preprocessing module is used to determine that angle gathers, the angle gathers include reflected energy and diffraction according to seismic data
Wave energy；
The transferring module is carried out for being migrated by the true dip angle of back wave to zero inclination angle, by the angle gathers by inclination angle
Migration, the angle gathers after being migrated；
The removal module is used to remove the energy of zero inclination angle vicinity in the angle gathers after migration, obtains the removal road Hou Jiao
Collection；
The image-forming module obtains diffracted wave imaging results for being overlapped imaging to the angle gathers after the removal.
6. diffracted wave imaging device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the transferring module includes the first transformation mould
Block, spectrum analysis module, zero setting module and the second conversion module；
First conversion module is used to carry out Fourier transformation to angle gathers, obtains the first time-frequency numeric field data；
The spectrum analysis module is used to obtain corresponding amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum according to the first time-frequency numeric field data；
The zero setting module is zero for enabling phase spectrum, obtains the second time-frequency numeric field data according to amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum；
Second conversion module is used to carry out Fourier inversion to the second time-frequency numeric field data, obtains the migration road Hou Jiao
Collection.
7. diffracted wave imaging device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the removal module includes truncation funcation mould
Block and energy remove module；
The truncation funcation module is for being arranged truncation funcation centered on zero inclination angle；
The energy removal module obtains zero inclination angle of removal for the truncation funcation to be multiplied with the angle gathers after the migration
Angle gathers after the energy of vicinity.
8. diffracted wave imaging device according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the truncation funcation are as follows:
Wherein, w (x, y, t, α) indicates that truncation funcation, (x, y) tabular form geology imaging point coordinate, t represent imaging point and correspond to time, α
Indicate inclination angle, fmIndicate seismic data dominant frequency frequency.
9. a kind of electronic equipment, including memory, processor and be stored on the memory and can transport on the processor
Capable computer program, which is characterized in that the processor realizes the claims 1 to 4 when executing the computer program
The step of described in any item methods.
10. a kind of computer-readable medium for the non-volatile program code that can be performed with processor, which is characterized in that described
Program code makes the processor execute described any the method for Claims 1-4.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113608261A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-05 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Diffracted wave imaging method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN113687416A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-23 | 吉林大学 | Imaging method for inclined metal ore body |
| CN114114420A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2022-03-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Diffraction identification imaging method, diffraction identification imaging device, electronic apparatus, and medium |
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