CN115184809A - Multi-dimensional evaluation method for energy storage battery system based on temperature angle - Google Patents
Multi-dimensional evaluation method for energy storage battery system based on temperature angle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multidimensional evaluation method for an energy storage battery system based on a temperature angle, which belongs to the field of power electronic equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power electronic equipment, in particular to a multi-dimensional evaluation method for an energy storage battery system based on a temperature angle.
Background
With the continuous development of clean energy, solar energy and the like become the main force of the clean energy, however, a large amount of generated energy cannot be stored to form the existing problem, meanwhile, the western region with high clean energy development concentration degree has the characteristics of high altitude, large temperature difference and extreme climate, so that the service life of a conventional energy storage battery is obviously shortened, and the effective real-time prediction of the influence of the temperature on the service life of the energy storage battery has important significance on the storage and consumption of renewable energy in the construction of new energy development regions in the western region.
An article, "high-cold and high-altitude area microgrid energy storage lithium battery system optimization design", published by Zhao et al in "Chinese electric power", is remarkable in influence of discharge capacity performance at different environmental temperatures, discharge capacity is remarkably reduced due to low temperature, high-rate charge and discharge can be shortened, and the cycle life of the battery is predicted, but the prediction of the service life of the battery is more accurate by adopting an Arrhenius model based on the environmental temperature, and the prediction of the thermal cycle capacity of the capacity performance of the lithium battery is more accurate; zhang superman et al 2019 published a related patent "lead-acid storage battery replacement period adjustment strategy for variable pitch of wind turbine generator system", based on temperature, life relation curve and historical operating temperature of the unit, a new replacement period of the storage battery at actual operating temperature is calculated by adopting a life conversion method, however, the method is suitable for plain areas such as Shandong, liaoning and the like, and the application of high-altitude areas is limited, such as areas of Qinghai, yunnan, guizhou and the like; the 'method for comprehensively managing energy storage device and energy storage device' disclosed in the related patent by Sunwei et al 2014 only focuses on the cycle life decay of the battery life cycle, and cannot fully characterize the battery life cycle decline mechanism. However, due to neglect of calendar life decay, a certain prediction deviation exists, the method has poor real-time performance for high altitude areas with complex and variable environmental conditions, and the application in the high altitude areas is limited, such as the areas of Qinghai, yunnan, guizhou and the like; the relevant patents were proposed in 2019 by Tansyao et al: the method, the device, the equipment and the medium for evaluating the remaining service life of the energy storage battery repeatedly deduce and calculate the health state of the energy storage battery by acquiring parameters such as the temperature of the energy storage battery during shelving and working, and predict the remaining operating life and the remaining shelving life. However, for high altitude areas, the influence of low temperature environment on environmental condition factors such as energy storage battery capacity, deep discharge influence and the like needs to be considered, and the updated curve will lose effectiveness immediately after a period of time due to large day-night temperature difference, so the method is not suitable for areas with extreme temperature environment.
Therefore, a method for researching the performance of the energy storage battery in the extreme environment is needed, so as to solve the problem of low working efficiency of the energy storage battery in the extreme environment area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-dimensional evaluation method for an energy storage battery system based on a temperature angle. The influence of the temperature on the service life of the energy storage battery is accurately analyzed, so that the service life of the energy storage battery is accurately predicted, and a manager can give a corresponding processing method aiming at different service life conditions, so that the normal work of the energy storage battery is kept, and the fault rate of a system is reduced.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a multidimensional method for evaluating an energy storage battery system based on a temperature angle, wherein the energy storage battery system is evaluated from two dimensions of an influence of a reference environment temperature on the capacity of an energy storage battery and an influence of a working temperature on the discharge of the energy storage battery, which are specifically as follows:
the first influence of the temperature on the energy storage battery is the capacity influence;
s1, taking a logarithmic form of an Arrhenius model as a data fitting model;
s2, leading factor A and activation energy E of the energy storage battery a Molar gas constant R, thermodynamic temperature T, index factorSub-z, setting different environmental temperatures, respectively substituting the data into the model to obtain the capacity attenuation rate Q at different environmental temperatures loss And a log-fit curve of the cycle time t;
s3, analyzing the influence of the temperature change on the capacity of the energy storage battery according to the curve;
preferentially, the capacity fade rate Q is acquired loss And the Arrhenius model logarithmic expression of the cycle time t fitted curve is:
wherein A is an index factor; e a Is activation energy (J/mol); r is a molar gas constant and is 8.314J/K.mol -1 (ii) a T is the thermodynamic temperature (K); z is an exponential factor; q loss Capacity fade rate (%); t is cycle time in days;
in the invention, the second influence of the temperature on the energy storage battery is the discharge capacity influence;
s1, establishing an equivalent model under deep discharge by adopting a deep discharge experimental method;
s2, respectively setting loads to be 2 omega and 4 omega by adopting a variable control method, connecting the loads to the storage battery, setting different working temperatures for experiment, and obtaining a time-varying curve of indexes such as voltage drop, discharge current, battery capacity and the like of the storage battery at different working temperatures;
s3, analyzing the influence of the working temperature change on the discharge capacity of the energy storage battery according to the curve;
preferentially, the purpose of establishing the deep discharge battery equivalent model is to obtain the voltage drop, the discharge current and the battery capacity of the battery;
preferably, the experimental procedure is to discharge the battery at a specific discharge rate until the closing voltage reaches 9.5V.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides an analysis method for the influence of an extreme environment on an energy storage battery, which analyzes the influence of the environmental temperature on the performance of the energy storage battery from the influence of temperature on indexes such as discharge, service life, capacity, voltage drop and the like of the energy storage battery, so that a targeted countermeasure is taken, thereby improving the working efficiency of the energy storage battery, reducing the adverse influence of the extreme environment on the energy storage battery, and providing data for monitoring and evaluating the energy storage battery under the extreme environment condition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a process for analyzing the influence of temperature on the capacity of an energy storage battery;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a flow chart for analyzing the influence of temperature on the discharge capacity of an energy storage battery;
FIG. 3 is a battery equivalent model under deep discharge;
FIG. 4 effect of temperature on battery capacity;
FIG. 5 Arrhenius model log-fit curve;
FIG. 6 voltage drop for each temperature under load of 2 Ω;
FIG. 7 voltage drop for each temperature under load of 4 Ω;
FIG. 8 discharge current drop for each temperature under load of 2 Ω;
FIG. 9 discharge current drop for each temperature under load of Ω;
FIG. 10 change in battery capacity per temperature under load of 2 Ω;
fig. 11 shows the change in battery capacity for each temperature under load Ω.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the flow chart of the patent implementation is shown in figure 1;
firstly, analyzing the influence of temperature on the capacity of an energy storage battery, and specifically implementing the following steps:
and step 3: setting the reference environment temperature to be 25 ℃, substituting the corresponding parameters into the model, and recording the change condition of the battery capacity at the temperature;
and 4, step 4: setting the temperature of the reference environment to be increased to 35 ℃, 45 ℃ and 55 ℃ in a gradient manner in sequence, and repeating the step 3;
and 5: and comprehensively analyzing the influence of the change of the reference temperature on the battery capacity, wherein the influence of different temperatures on the aging speed of the battery capacity along with the continuous increase of the cycle time.
According to a data manual of the energy storage battery, parameters in an energy storage battery model are extracted and substituted into the model, wherein the battery voltage is 3.6V, the battery capacity is 2.3Ah, the discharge current is 4A, and the depth of discharge (DOD) is 90%. In order to evaluate the influence of the environmental temperature on the energy storage battery, a lithium ion battery of a certain type is selected, has the advantages of high energy and power density, low discharge rate, long cycle life and the like, is an important component of an energy supply link of industrial production, and is also the primary choice for constructing a micro-grid-level energy storage system; meanwhile, a lead-acid storage battery is selected for research, the lead-acid storage battery has the advantages of stable performance, safety in use, small maintenance amount and the like, and is widely applied in life, but the complicated electrochemical reaction in the battery is influenced by various factors, so that the influence of temperature factors on the residual discharge capacity of the battery is large. The service life of the energy storage battery is one of the most important parameters, so that the research on the influence of temperature on the service life is significant.
As shown in fig. 4, the Arrhenius model is adopted to obtain curve analysis of the influence of temperature change on the capacity of the energy storage battery, and the battery capacity is gradually reduced along with the rise of temperature; the attenuation rate of the battery capacity in the whole attenuation process is changed, and the battery capacity loss and the cycle time are approximately changed in a power exponential manner, so that the battery attenuation characteristic based on the Arrhenius equation is completely met. When the energy storage battery is used in a high-altitude area, the Arrhenius model service life can be predicted by using a formula (1) according to corresponding parameters, corresponding processing methods can be provided for different service life conditions, and the normal work of the energy storage battery is kept.
A second aspect of the invention is the effect of temperature on the discharge capacity of the energy storage battery;
specifically, the method is explained as establishing a battery equivalent model under deep discharge, as shown in fig. 3, for performing experiments and data recording.
And 2, respectively setting the loads to be 2 omega and 4 omega by adopting a control variable method, connecting the loads to the storage battery, setting different working temperatures, and carrying out experiments to obtain the change condition curves of the indexes of voltage drop, discharge current and battery capacity of the storage battery at different working temperatures along with time, wherein the change condition curves are shown in figures 6 and 7.
Specifically explained as controlling the load and temperature variations, the battery is discharged at a specific discharge rate until its closing voltage reaches 9.5V. During the period, the changes of the voltage and the current are recorded by using a current table and a voltage table on the equivalent model, and the changes are converted into voltage drop, discharge current and battery capacity.
And 3, analyzing the influence of the change of the working temperature on the discharge capacity of the energy storage battery according to the curve. In the voltage drop analysis, as can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, the larger the load is, the lower the operating temperature is, the more delayed the voltage drop is, and the voltage drop is large after the storage battery is used for a certain critical time, which seriously affects the discharging operation. In the discharge current analysis, as can be seen from fig. 8 and 9, as the load is larger, the operating temperature is lower, the current is more delayed to be greatly reduced, and the current reduction value difference between different temperatures is not large, but the temperature reduction time difference between different temperatures exists, so that the current is greatly reduced after the storage battery is used for a certain critical time, and the discharge operation of the storage battery is seriously influenced. In the battery capacity analysis, as can be seen from fig. 10 and 11, the larger the load is, the larger the battery discharge capacity is, the larger the difference between the battery capacity at 30 ℃ and the battery capacity at 50 ℃ is, and the storage battery is more suitable for working and storing in the environment of 40 ℃ to 50 ℃ to ensure the reduction of the excessive loss discharge capacity.
Indexes such as discharge voltage drop, discharge current drop, battery capacity and the like of the energy storage battery are greatly influenced by temperature factors. After the storage battery is used for a certain critical time, the discharge voltage and current can be greatly reduced, and the discharge quality of the storage battery is seriously influenced. Therefore, the early detection before the critical time is needed to avoid influencing the normal operation. Particularly, the day and night temperature difference in plateau areas is large, the critical discharge time is not easy to predict, and frequent detection is needed to avoid faults. In addition, the environmental temperature of the plateau area changes rapidly and greatly, and the working temperature environment of the storage battery is not challenged slightly. And the material is more suitable for storage and work in the environment of 40-50 ℃ to ensure that excessive discharge capacity is not lost, and the storage and work environment needs to be properly selected.
Claims (7)
1. A multi-dimensional evaluation method for an energy storage battery system based on a temperature angle is characterized by comprising the following steps: the two dimensions of the influence of the reference environment temperature on the capacity of the energy storage battery and the influence of the working temperature on the discharge of the energy storage battery are used for evaluating the energy storage battery system, and the evaluation method specifically comprises the following steps: from the perspective of the influence of reference environment temperature on the capacity of the energy storage battery, the influence of different environment temperatures on the capacity of the energy storage battery is researched by utilizing an Arrhenius model; and from the angle of influence of the working temperature on the discharge of the energy storage battery, analyzing the influence of different working temperatures on the discharge capacity of the energy storage battery by using a deep discharge experimental method.
2. The method for multi-dimensional evaluation of the energy storage battery system based on the temperature angle according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for influencing the capacity of the energy storage battery from the reference environment temperature specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: extracting a fore-index factor, activation energy, a molar gas constant, a thermodynamic temperature and an index factor from a data manual of an energy storage battery;
step 1.2: the method comprises the following steps of utilizing a logarithmic form of an Arrhenius model, obtaining the influence of the temperature on the energy storage battery under different temperatures and aging times through experimental analysis, and fitting and analyzing the data to obtain an equation:
wherein A is an index factor; e a Is activation energy (J/mol); r is a molar gas constant and is 8.314J/K.mol -1 (ii) a T is the thermodynamic temperature (K); z is an exponential factor; q loss Capacity fade rate (%); t is cycle time in days;
step 1.3: setting the reference environment temperature to be 25 ℃, substituting the corresponding parameters into the model, and recording the change condition of the battery capacity at the temperature;
step 1.4: setting the temperature of the reference environment to be increased to 35 ℃, 45 ℃ and 55 ℃ in a gradient manner in sequence, and repeating the step 1.3;
step 1.5: the influence of the change of the reference temperature on the battery capacity is comprehensively analyzed, the capacity released by the battery is increased along with the increase of the temperature, the aging of the battery is accelerated by the high temperature in the actual use process, and the optimal discharge temperature of the storage battery is 20-40 ℃.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the electrical parameters of the energy storage battery to be extracted in the step 1.1 refer to parameters of a front-pointing factor, activation energy, a molar gas constant, a thermodynamic temperature and an index factor of the lithium ion battery.
4. The method for multi-dimensional evaluation of the energy storage battery system based on the temperature angle according to claim 2, characterized in that: the voltage of the energy storage battery in the step 1.2 is 3.6V, the battery capacity is 2.3Ah, the discharge current is 4A, and the DOD is 90%.
5. The method for multi-dimensional evaluation of the energy storage battery system based on the temperature angle according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for evaluating the discharge influence of the energy storage battery from the working temperature specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: obtaining indexes of voltage drop, discharge current and battery capacity at a specified environment temperature by adopting a deep discharge experiment method, and establishing an equivalent model of deep discharge test conditions;
step 2.2: connecting an energy storage battery with a load of 2 ohms, setting the working temperature to be 30 ℃, and observing and recording the change conditions of voltage drop, discharge current and battery capacity indexes of the storage battery along with time;
step 2.3: setting the working temperature to be increased to 40 ℃ and 50 ℃ in a gradient manner in sequence, and repeating the step 2.2;
step 2.4: connecting the energy storage battery with a 4 omega load, and repeating the steps 2.2 and 2.3;
step 2.5: comprehensively analyzing the influence of the working temperature change on the discharge capacity of the energy storage battery.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the deep discharge experimental method described in step 2.1 specifically refers to discharging the storage battery to a closing voltage of 9.5V at a specific discharge rate.
7. The method for multi-dimensional evaluation of the energy storage battery system based on the temperature angle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the energy storage battery is any one of a lithium battery and a lead-acid battery.
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