CN115184405A - Explosion characteristic detection device for lithium ion battery thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material - Google Patents
Explosion characteristic detection device for lithium ion battery thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material Download PDFInfo
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- CN115184405A CN115184405A CN202210673759.0A CN202210673759A CN115184405A CN 115184405 A CN115184405 A CN 115184405A CN 202210673759 A CN202210673759 A CN 202210673759A CN 115184405 A CN115184405 A CN 115184405A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/50—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating flash-point; by investigating explosibility
- G01N25/54—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating flash-point; by investigating explosibility by determining explosibility
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
- G01N25/22—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion battery detection, and particularly relates to a device for detecting the explosion characteristic of a thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material of a lithium ion battery, which comprises an explosion container, wherein a sensor assembly, an igniter, a liquid injection port, a gas injection port and a solid injection port are arranged on the explosion container in a matching manner, the sensor assembly is used for detecting the air pressure and the temperature in the explosion container, the igniter is used for igniting a medium in the explosion container, the liquid injection port is used for transmitting the liquid medium into the explosion container, the gas injection port is used for transmitting the gas medium into the explosion container, and the solid injection port is used for transmitting the solid medium into the explosion container. The invention is provided with the explosion container, the sensor component, the igniter, the liquid sample inlet, the gas sample inlet, the solid sample inlet and other structures, can be used for measuring the explosion characteristics of the heterogeneous lithium battery spray valve product, measuring the parameters such as the explosion limit, the limit oxygen concentration, the maximum explosion pressure, the explosion index, the minimum ignition energy and the like, and expands the functions of the conventional explosion detection device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion battery detection, and particularly relates to a device for detecting the burning explosion characteristic of a thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material of a lithium ion battery.
Background
In the using process of the lithium ion battery, thermal runaway of the battery can be induced due to the influences of factors such as thermal shock, overcharge and overdischarge, internal and external short circuits, mechanical damage and the like. In the thermal runaway process, the internal materials of the battery continuously generate decomposition reaction to generate a large amount of gas, and when the internal pressure of the battery reaches a set threshold value of a safety valve, a valve is sprayed to spray a large amount of combustible gas such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane, and multi-component and heterogeneous combustible mixtures such as electrolyte vapor and graphite dust. The explosion of the substances under the stimulation of static electricity, high temperature and other conditions is the main reason of the accident of lithium battery explosion.
The fire hazard of the thermal runaway injection substance of the lithium battery is a key research subject of enterprises and colleges related to the lithium battery at present. However, conventional explosion detection devices such as the existing explosion limit tester and the existing dust explosion tester have functional limitations, can only support the test of a single gas phase or powder sample, and cannot comprehensively analyze the explosion characteristics of multi-phase substances under the condition of a real battery spray valve.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a technical scheme of a device for detecting the explosion characteristics of a thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material of a lithium ion battery.
The invention takes a spherical or cylindrical metal container as an explosion container, integrates three sampling systems of gas, liquid and solid at the same time, can lead the battery to generate gas under thermal runaway, lead the electrolyte vapor and the cathode material powder to be uniformly dispersed in the explosion container through reasonable sampling process design, then utilizes the modes of high-voltage electricity ignition and the like with adjustable energy to ignite the mixture, and records the temperature and pressure change in a bin during the explosion process.
Lithium ion battery thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material's blasting characteristic detection device, including the explosion container, the cooperation sets up sensor assembly, some firearm, liquid sample inlet, gaseous sample inlet and solid sample inlet on the explosion container, sensor assembly is used for detecting atmospheric pressure and temperature in the explosion container, some firearm is used for lighting the medium in the explosion container, the liquid sample inlet is used for transmitting liquid medium in the explosion container towards, the gaseous sample inlet is used for transmitting gaseous medium in the explosion container towards, the solid sample inlet is used for transmitting solid medium in the explosion container towards.
Further, a blasting valve and/or a safety valve are arranged on the explosion container in a matching mode.
Further, a stirring mechanism is arranged on the explosion container.
Further, an observation window is arranged on the explosion container; the explosion container is provided with an exhaust port, and the exhaust port is provided with a valve.
Further, the sensor assembly includes at least one of an explosion pressure sensor, a distribution pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor.
Further, the explosive container is of a spherical structure or a cylindrical structure, and the inner volume of the explosive container comprises, but is not limited to, 4L, 5L, 12L or 20L.
Furthermore, valves are arranged on the liquid sample inlet and the gas sample inlet.
Furthermore, a dispersion nozzle is arranged on the solid sample inlet and is connected with the powder feeding assembly in a matching manner.
Furthermore, the powder feeding assembly comprises a powder storage chamber, an air storage chamber and a pressure stabilizing air source, and the dispersing nozzle, the powder storage chamber, the air storage chamber and the pressure stabilizing air source are sequentially connected through a pipeline.
Furthermore, a gas-powder valve is arranged on a pipeline between the dispersion nozzle and the powder storage chamber, a first electromagnetic valve is arranged on a pipeline between the powder storage chamber and the gas storage chamber, and a second electromagnetic valve is arranged on a pipeline between the gas storage chamber and the pressure stabilizing gas source.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The invention is provided with the explosion container, the sensor component, the igniter, the liquid sample inlet, the gas sample inlet, the solid sample inlet and other structures, and can be used for measuring the explosion characteristics of the heterogeneous lithium battery spray valve product, measuring the parameters such as the explosion limit, the limit oxygen concentration, the maximum explosion pressure, the explosion index, the minimum ignition energy and the like, and expanding the functions of the conventional explosion detection device;
2) The test condition of the invention is closer to the real condition, and the measured data is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the pressure variation curve of the explosive container in the testing process of the invention.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "one end", "the other end", "outside", "upper", "inside", "horizontal", "coaxial", "central", "end", "length", "outer end", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the apparatus for detecting the explosion characteristics of the thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material of the lithium ion battery includes an explosion container 1, the explosion container 1 is provided with a sensor assembly, an igniter 2, a liquid sample inlet 3, a gas sample inlet 4 and a solid sample inlet 5 in a matching manner, the sensor assembly is used for detecting the air pressure and the temperature in the explosion container 1, the igniter 2 is used for igniting the medium in the explosion container 1, and may adopt high voltage ignition, fuse ignition, chemical ignition and other types with adjustable ignition energy, the liquid sample inlet 3 is used for transmitting the liquid medium into the explosion container 1, the gas sample inlet 4 is used for transmitting the gas medium into the explosion container 1, the gas sample inlets 4 may be multiple so as to input different gases, and the solid sample inlet 5 is used for transmitting the solid medium into the explosion container 1.
Wherein, the igniter 2 is connected with the top of the explosion container 1, the main body extends into the explosion container 1, the liquid sample inlet 3 and the gas sample inlet 4 are also positioned at the top of the explosion container 1, and the solid sample inlet 5 is positioned at the right side of the explosion container 1. In addition, the above-described members may be provided in other positions.
Wherein, the liquid injection port 3 is only a sample injection port structure, and is not limited to only supplying liquid for input, and gas and solid can be introduced, and the gas injection port 4 and the solid injection port 5 are the same.
In the technical scheme, liquid, gas and solid are respectively input through three sample inlets of a liquid sample inlet 3, a gas sample inlet 4 and a solid sample inlet 5, wherein the solid is solid powder, a medium in an explosion container 1 is ignited through an igniter 2, and the pressure and the temperature generated by explosion are detected through a sensor assembly, so that the detection of explosion characteristics is realized.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the explosive container 1 of the present invention is designed to be a spherical structure, and may also be a cylindrical structure, and the inner volume of the explosive container 1 includes, but is not limited to, 4L, 5L, 12L or 20L.
Continuing to refer to fig. 1, the sensor assembly includes an explosion pressure sensor 10, a distribution pressure sensor 11 and a temperature sensor 12, wherein the explosion pressure sensor 10 has a higher sampling frequency for detecting a limit air pressure value during explosion, the distribution pressure sensor 11 has a relatively lower sampling frequency for detecting a stable air pressure value before and after explosion, and the temperature sensor 12 is used for detecting the internal temperature of the explosion container. Further, multiple paths may be provided for each sensor in the sensor assembly.
Wherein, the explosion pressure sensor 10 and the distribution pressure sensor 11 are positioned at the left side of the upper part of the explosion container 1, and the temperature sensor 12 is positioned at the top of the explosion container 1. The above-described member may be provided in other positions. The above components may be provided in other positions.
Referring further to fig. 1, the explosion container 1 is cooperatively provided with an explosion valve 6, a stirring mechanism 7, an observation window 8 and an exhaust port 9 on the explosion container 1. The explosion valve 6 is used for preventing the explosion of the explosion container 1 due to overlarge air pressure, and the explosion valve 6 can also be replaced by a safety valve. The stirring mechanism 7 is preferably a magnetic stirrer for stirring the medium. The observation window 8 is convenient for the staff to observe the working condition of the explosion container 1. The gas outlet 9 is used for discharging the gas after explosion. Valves are arranged on the liquid sample inlet 3, the gas sample inlet 4 and the exhaust port 9. These valves need to be closed before ignition. The liquid sample inlet 3 is not only provided with a valve, but also mainly seals through a rubber plug of the sample inlet, and a needle cylinder penetrates through the rubber plug to carry out sample introduction, so that the gas leakage can not occur in the process.
Wherein, the blast valve 6 is positioned at the right side of the upper part of the explosion container 1, the stirring mechanism 7 is positioned at the bottom of the explosion container 1, the observation window 8 is positioned at the left side of the explosion container 1, and the exhaust port 9 is positioned at the left side of the lower part of the explosion container 1. The above components may be provided in other positions.
In addition, a dispersion nozzle 17 is arranged on the solid sample inlet 5, the dispersion nozzle 17 is connected with a powder feeding assembly in a matching mode, the powder feeding assembly comprises a powder storage chamber 18, an air storage chamber 13 and a pressure stabilizing air source 14, the dispersion nozzle 17, the powder storage chamber 18, the air storage chamber 13 and the pressure stabilizing air source 14 are sequentially connected through pipelines, a powder air valve 15 is arranged on a pipeline between the dispersion nozzle 17 and the powder storage chamber 18, a first electromagnetic valve 19 is arranged on a pipeline between the powder storage chamber 18 and the air storage chamber 13, and a second electromagnetic valve 16 is arranged on a pipeline between the air storage chamber 13 and the pressure stabilizing air source 14.
Working description of the powder feeding assembly: the powder is arranged in the powder storage chamber 18; the pressure-stabilizing gas source 14 pressurizes the gas storage chamber 13 to a certain pressure, and then the first electromagnetic valve 19 at the front end of the gas storage chamber 13 is opened, and the powder is sprayed into the explosion container 1 by using the compressed gas.
Wherein, the gas powder valve 15 is a special valve, is difficult to be blockked up by the dust, and the gas powder valve 15 can be replaced by manual ball valve.
Among them, the dispersing nozzle 17 plays a role of dispersing powder.
According to the invention, a spherical or cylindrical metal container is used as the explosion container 1, three sampling systems of gas, liquid and solid are integrated at the same time, through reasonable sampling process design, battery thermal runaway gas generation, electrolyte vapor and cathode material powder can be uniformly dispersed in the explosion container 1, then the mixture is ignited by means of energy-adjustable high-voltage ignition and the like, and the temperature and pressure changes in a bin during the explosion process are recorded.
When the device is used, liquid, gas and solid are respectively fed through three sample inlets, namely a liquid sample inlet 3, a gas sample inlet 4 and a solid sample inlet 5, corresponding valves are closed after the feeding is finished, then the medium in the explosion container 1 is stirred through a stirring mechanism 7, the medium in the explosion container 1 is ignited through an igniter 2, and the valve of an exhaust port 9 is opened to exhaust gas after the explosion. In the sample introduction process, the pressure change in the explosion container is monitored by the gas distribution pressure sensor 11, the instantaneous pressure change in the explosion process is detected by the explosion pressure sensor 10 in the explosion process, and the temperature in the sample introduction and explosion processes is detected by the temperature sensor 12.
Typical application scenarios of the invention: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out a combustion and explosion characteristic test by utilizing a manually prepared battery gas production, electrolyte vapor and negative electrode graphite powder mixture, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: setting the gas distribution concentration and the experiment temperature through software;
the second step: evacuating and cleaning the explosion container for 3 times;
the third step: controlling the temperature of the instrument;
the fourth step: injecting a certain amount of electrolyte into the explosion container by using a microsyringe;
the fifth step: after the temperature is stabilized at the target temperature, a certain amount of artificially prepared battery is automatically or manually introduced into the instrument to produce gas;
and a sixth step: after the temperature is stable, a certain amount of graphite powder is automatically or manually sprayed by an instrument;
the seventh step: after the temperature is stable, the instrument automatically or manually introduces air to 1bara;
eighth step: stirring for 5min, and finishing secondary temperature control;
the ninth step: igniting and recording a video to judge whether the sample is ignited or not;
finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Lithium ion battery thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material's blasting characteristic detection device, a serial communication port, including explosion container (1), the cooperation sets up sensor assembly, some firearm (2), liquid introduction port (3), gas introduction port (4) and solid introduction port (5) on explosion container (1), sensor assembly is used for detecting atmospheric pressure and temperature in explosion container (1), some firearm (2) are used for lighting the medium in explosion container (1), liquid introduction port (3) are used for transmitting liquid medium in towards explosion container (1), gas introduction port (4) are used for transmitting gaseous medium in towards explosion container (1), solid introduction port (5) are used for transmitting solid medium in towards explosion container (1).
2. The device for detecting the explosion characteristics of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material according to claim 1, wherein a blast valve (6) and/or a safety valve are/is cooperatively arranged on the explosion container (1).
3. The device for detecting the explosion characteristics of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material according to claim 1, wherein a stirring mechanism (7) is arranged on the explosion container (1).
4. The device for detecting the explosion characteristics of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material according to claim 1, wherein an observation window (8) is arranged on the explosion container (1); an exhaust port (9) is formed in the explosion container (1), and a valve is arranged on the exhaust port (9).
5. The device for detecting the explosion characteristics of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sensor assembly comprises at least one of an explosion pressure sensor (10), a distribution pressure sensor (11) and a temperature sensor (12).
6. The device for detecting the explosion characteristics of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the explosion container (1) is of a spherical structure or a cylindrical structure.
7. The device for detecting the explosion characteristics of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein valves are arranged on the liquid sample inlet (3) and the gas sample inlet (4).
8. The device for detecting the explosion characteristics of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a dispersion nozzle (17) is arranged on the solid sample inlet (5), and the dispersion nozzle (17) is connected with a powder feeding assembly in a matching manner.
9. The device for detecting the explosion characteristics of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material according to claim 8, wherein the powder feeding assembly comprises a powder storage chamber (18), an air storage chamber (13) and a pressure stabilizing air source (14), and the dispersing nozzle (17), the powder storage chamber (18), the air storage chamber (13) and the pressure stabilizing air source (14) are sequentially connected through a pipeline.
10. The device for detecting the explosion characteristics of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material according to claim 9, wherein a gas-powder valve (15) is arranged on a pipeline between the dispersion nozzle (17) and the Chu Fenshi (18), a first electromagnetic valve (19) is arranged on a pipeline between the powder storage chamber (18) and the gas storage chamber (13), and a second electromagnetic valve (16) is arranged on a pipeline between the gas storage chamber (13) and the pressure-stabilized gas source (14).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210673759.0A CN115184405A (en) | 2022-06-15 | 2022-06-15 | Explosion characteristic detection device for lithium ion battery thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material |
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| CN202210673759.0A CN115184405A (en) | 2022-06-15 | 2022-06-15 | Explosion characteristic detection device for lithium ion battery thermal runaway heterogeneous eruption material |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117233209A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-12-15 | 广州海关技术中心 | Lithium battery thermal runaway gas explosion limit device, system and use method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117233209A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-12-15 | 广州海关技术中心 | Lithium battery thermal runaway gas explosion limit device, system and use method |
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