CN115183079B - Fiber reinforced plastic electrofusion pipe fitting with mechanical property and electric property independently regulated and controlled - Google Patents
Fiber reinforced plastic electrofusion pipe fitting with mechanical property and electric property independently regulated and controlled Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
- F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
- F16L47/03—Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
- B29D23/001—Pipes; Pipe joints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
- C08J5/08—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials glass fibres
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/04—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/06—Polyethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/14—Glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a nonmetallic pipeline connection technology, and aims to provide a fiber reinforced plastic electrofusion pipe fitting with independently regulated and controlled mechanical performance and electrical performance. The electric melting pipe fitting comprises an electric melting pipe fitting body embedded with a resistance wire, wherein two binding posts respectively connected to two ends of the resistance wire are arranged on the electric melting pipe fitting body; the material of the electrofusion pipe fitting body is thermoplastic plastics doped with conductive fibers, and the conductive fibers are fibers with electric conductors on the surfaces; in the electrofusion pipe fitting body, the mass ratio of the conductive fiber relative to the electrofusion pipe fitting body is 0-40%, and is not 0; in the conductive fiber, the mass ratio of the conductive body to the fiber is 0 to 30% and is not 0. The invention can realize independent regulation and control of the mechanical bearing capacity and structural health monitoring performance of the electric smelting pipe fitting. The injection molding method is adopted for one-step molding, no additional steel plate or fiber reinforced layer is needed, the manufacturing process is simple, the stability is good, and the process cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nonmetallic pipeline connection technology, in particular to a fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting with independently regulated and controlled mechanical performance and electric performance.
Background
The nonmetallic pipeline has the advantages of corrosion resistance, high flexibility, good toughness, economy, environmental protection, long service life and the like, is a recognized green pipeline, is widely applied to a plurality of engineering fields such as municipal administration, ocean, building, nuclear power and the like at present, has immeasurable development prospect, and even has partial fields to gradually replace the traditional metallic pipeline.
In the connection technology of plastic and composite pipelines thereof, the electric fusion welding has higher automation degree, reliable welding technical performance and high welding efficiency, can greatly reduce the welding quality problem caused by human factors, and is the most commonly used pipeline connection technology at present. The principle of the welding of the electrofusion pipe fitting is as follows: and electrifying a resistance wire which is arranged in the pipe in advance, fusing and connecting the outer wall of the pipe with the electric melting pipe by utilizing heat and expansion force generated when the resistance wire is electrified, and cooling to obtain the electric melting joint with certain strength.
With the development of the reinforced composite pipe, the development and application of the steel-plastic composite pipe, the aluminum-plastic composite pipe and the fiber winding composite pipe obviously improve the strength and the bearing capacity of the plastic pipe, so that the composite pipe can be suitable for a higher pressure environment; in comparison with various reinforcing modes of pipelines, the reinforcing modes of electric melting pipe fittings serving as pipeline connection are very limited at present, and the strength of the electric melting pipe fittings has become a main bottleneck for limiting the development of high-pressure composite pipes. According to American Gas Association (AGA) statistics, about 65% of non-metallic gas pipeline failures come from joints and pipes, thus it can be seen that in non-metallic pipeline systems, the electro-fusion pipe becomes a weak link of the pipeline system due to the fact that the electro-fusion joint changes the integrity of the pipe itself.
In order to solve the problem that the strength of the electric melting pipe fitting is insufficient and improve the safety of the pipe fitting in service, the applicant team firstly proposes a short carbon fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting (CN 109827014A) with a strain self-monitoring function, and the invention fills carbon fibers in a plastic matrix to strengthen the mechanical strength of a material, and the carrying capacity of the pipe fitting can be obviously improved by adopting the material to injection-mold the electric melting pipe fitting; meanwhile, the conductivity of the carbon fiber is utilized, and the structural health monitoring method of the electric melting pipe fitting based on resistance measurement is provided, so that the strain and damage monitoring of the electric melting pipe fitting and a pipeline system thereof under the action of internal pressure is realized, and the operation safety of the pipeline system is improved. The applicant team also found through practical tests that for polymer materials such as short carbon fiber reinforced polyethylene and polypropylene, the mechanical strength of the material exhibited a change of increasing and decreasing with increasing carbon fiber loading. And for the electrical property of the material, the material has different electrical sensitivity when the carbon fiber content changes near the percolation threshold, and has optimal electrical sensitivity when the carbon fiber content reaches the inflection point of the electrical percolation curve. Because the optimal carbon fiber filling content corresponding to the mechanical property enhancement and the electrical sensitivity enhancement of the material is often not completely consistent, the mechanical property and the structural health monitoring performance of the produced short carbon fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting can not be simultaneously optimized. In the above patent, the inventor group proposes that the coordination between the mechanical performance and the structural health monitoring performance of the electric melting pipe fitting is highest by adjusting the material processing technology, the processing technology parameters and other methods. However, this method clearly leads to a reduction in processing efficiency, and there is a constant fluctuation in the length and dispersion of the short carbon fibers in the resulting matrix.
In order to solve the defects of the short carbon fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting in the concrete implementation process, the invention provides a fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting with independently regulated and controlled mechanical property and electrical property, and the electric melting pipe fitting is prepared from a fiber reinforced plastic composite material with a surface grown with an electric conductor; firstly, the maximum enhancement of the mechanical strength of the material is realized by changing the fiber filling quantity of the surface-grown conductor in the plastic matrix; secondly, the optimal electrical sensitivity of the material is realized by changing the content of the conductor grown on the surface of the fiber; therefore, the independent regulation and control of the mechanical property and the electrical sensitivity of the material are realized, the independent regulation and control of the mechanical property and the structural health monitoring property of the pipe fitting are realized, and finally the electric melting pipe fitting with the optimal bearing capacity and the highest structural health monitoring sensitivity can be prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and providing the fiber reinforced plastic electrofusion pipe fitting with independently regulated and controlled mechanical performance and electrical performance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following solution:
the fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting comprises an electric melting pipe fitting body embedded with a resistance wire, wherein two binding posts respectively connected to two ends of the resistance wire are arranged on the electric melting pipe fitting body; the material of the electrofusion pipe fitting body is thermoplastic plastics doped with conductive fibers, and the conductive fibers are fibers with the surfaces provided with electric conductors; in the electrofusion pipe fitting body, the mass ratio of the conductive fiber relative to the electrofusion pipe fitting body is 0-40%, and is not 0; in the conductive fiber, the mass ratio of the conductive body to the fiber is 0-30% and is not 0;
the fibers are non-conductive fibrous materials or conductive fibrous materials; wherein, the non-conductive fibrous material is any one of glass fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, boron fiber and bamboo fiber; the conductive fibrous material is carbon fiber or polyaniline fiber;
the electric conductor is a carbon electric conductor or a conductive metal plating layer; wherein the carbon-based conductor is any one of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphene; the conductive metal coating is a copper, zinc or silver metal coating.
In the present invention, the thermoplastic is polyethylene or polypropylene.
The invention further provides a method for independently regulating and controlling the mechanical property and the electrical property of the fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Growing a conductor on the surface of the fiber by a physical method or a chemical method to obtain a conductive fiber; in the conductive fiber, the mass ratio of the conductor to the fiber is 0-30% and is not 0;
the fibers are non-conductive fibrous materials or conductive fibrous materials; wherein, the non-conductive fibrous material is any one of glass fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, boron fiber and bamboo fiber; the conductive fibrous material is carbon fiber or polyaniline fiber;
the electric conductor is a carbon electric conductor or a conductive metal plating layer; wherein the carbon-based conductor is any one of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphene; the conductive metal coating is a metal coating of copper, zinc or silver;
(2) Carrying out blending extrusion and injection molding on conductive fibers and thermoplastic plastic particles to prepare a standard tensile sample with conductivity; in the standard tensile sample, the mass ratio of the conductive fiber relative to the whole standard tensile sample is 0-40% and is not 0;
(3) Determining the types of thermoplastic plastics, fibers and conductors according to a preset scheme, and preparing a plurality of standard tensile samples after a conductor growth method, wherein the conductive fibers with different conductor growth amounts and different conductive fiber doping ratios are prepared; mounting a pair of electrodes on the surface of a standard tensile sample, and connecting the electrodes to a resistance testing device through wires; clamping a standard tensile sample in a clamp of a universal testing machine, and simultaneously performing a mechanical performance test experiment and a conductive performance test experiment to obtain data of the mechanical performance and the conductive performance of the material along with the growth amount of a conductive body and the filling amount of conductive fibers;
(4) Analyzing the change condition of the mechanical property and the electric conductivity of the standard tensile sample obtained by the experiment, and correspondingly adjusting:
if the content of the conductive fiber in electroosmotic flow is lower than that in the process of maximum improvement of mechanical properties, the growth of the conductive body on the surface of the fiber needs to be reduced; if the content of the conductive fiber is lower than that of the conductive fiber in electroosmotic flow when the mechanical property is improved to the maximum extent, the growth of the conductive body on the surface of the fiber needs to be improved; until the content of the conductive fiber when the mechanical property of the material is improved to the maximum is consistent with the content of the conductive fiber when the electrical seepage is carried out, under the condition, the mechanical property enhancement and the electrical property enhancement of the standard tensile sample reach the optimal values;
(5) And preparing raw materials by utilizing the data of the conductor growth quantity and the conductive fiber content on the fiber surface under the optimal condition, and obtaining the electric melting pipe fitting according to the conventional electric melting pipe fitting preparation process, so that the mechanical property is enhanced and the structural health monitoring sensitivity is optimized at the same time.
In the invention, the physical method refers to an electrophoretic deposition method or a coating method; the chemical method refers to a chemical vapor deposition method or a chemical reaction method.
In the present invention, the thermoplastic particles are polyethylene particles or polypropylene particles.
In the invention, the function of the fiber is to improve the mechanical property of the pipe fitting; the electric conductor has the functions of improving the conductivity of the plastic material or the composite material of the pipe fitting body and realizing the structural health monitoring function of the pipe fitting based on the measurement of electrical signals; the fiber reinforced plastic with the surface grown conductor can realize independent regulation and control of the mechanical property and the health monitoring property of the electric melting pipe fitting, and the electric melting pipe fitting with the mechanical property enhanced and the health monitoring sensitivity of the structure optimized is obtained. The specific loading of the fibers is determined by the type of fibers and the desired reinforcement performance requirements of the composite, and the amount of conductor growth is determined by the type of conductor and its conductivity requirements.
Description of the principles of the invention
According to the invention, the fiber of the surface-grown conductor is filled in the thermoplastic plastic matrix, so that the mechanical property and the health monitoring property of the electric structure of the electric melting pipe fitting are independently regulated and controlled. The fiber has very high elastic modulus and yield strength, the elastic modulus and the yield strength of the fiber are basically not influenced after the conductor grows on the surface of the fiber, the combination of the fiber and the matrix is promoted, when the fiber with the conductor grows on the surface and is uniformly distributed in the plastic matrix, the fiber can bear the external load transmitted by the plastic matrix, the mechanical strength of the electric melting pipe fitting is improved, and the bursting pressure of the electric melting pipe fitting is further improved. At the same time, the conductors on the surface of the fiber serve as conductive media, and when the content of the conductors reaches the percolation threshold, a conductive network is formed between the conductors on the fibers dispersed in the matrix, so that the material has conductivity. In the running process, the pressure in the pipeline can cause deformation or damage of the material of the electric melting pipe fitting, so that the distance between conductive fibers in the material is increased, the conductive network between the conductors is gradually destroyed, the conductivity of the material is reduced, and the resistivity is increased; therefore, structural health monitoring of the electric smelting pipe fitting can be realized by testing the resistance value of the electric smelting pipe fitting material.
For the mechanical properties of the material, the mechanical strength of the fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite material with the surface grown conductor shows a trend of rising and then reducing along with the increase of the filling content of the conductive fiber, and the filling content of the conductive fiber when the composite material shows the maximum mechanical strength is the content of the conductive fiber when the mechanical property is improved to the maximum; for the electrical property of the material, when the conductor content of the fiber surface changes near the percolation threshold, the material has different electrical sensitivity, and when the conductor content reaches the inflection point of the electrical percolation curve, if the conductive network between the internal conductors is damaged by deformation or damage and other factors, the resistance value of the composite material can be caused to fluctuate by orders of magnitude, and the monitoring capability of the deformation or damage of the composite material is improved, so that the material has the optimal electrical test sensitivity. The content of the conductive fiber and the growth amount of the conductor on the surface of the fiber are prepared into independent processes, so that the independent regulation and control of the mechanical property and the electrical property of the material are realized: the fiber filling quantity of the surface growing conductor in the matrix is changed, so that the maximum enhancement of the mechanical strength of the material is realized; and secondly, the optimal electrical test sensitivity is realized by changing the content of the conductor grown on the surface of the fiber. In the specific implementation process, if the content of the conductive fiber is lower than the content of the conductive fiber when the mechanical property is maximally improved in the electrical test of the highest sensitivity, the density of the conductive body on the surface of the fiber is too high, and the growth amount of the conductive body on the surface of the fiber needs to be reduced; and vice versa. Therefore, the fiber reinforced plastic electrofusion pipe fitting with the surface grown conductor provided by the invention realizes independent regulation and control of the mechanical property and structural health monitoring property of the material, and finally can be used for preparing the electrofusion pipe fitting with the optimal mechanical property and the highest structural health monitoring sensitivity.
In order to realize structural health monitoring of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic electric melting pipe fitting with the surface growing conductors, electrodes are stuck on the surface of the electric melting pipe fitting, and deformation and damage conditions of the electric melting pipe fitting can be monitored by measuring resistance values between the electrodes. According to the structural health method, deformation and damage conditions of any positions can be monitored only by sticking two electrodes on the surface of the electric melting pipe fitting, so that structural health monitoring of the electric melting pipe fitting in a use process is realized, the intellectualization of the electric melting pipe fitting is realized, and meanwhile, the safety of the electric melting pipe fitting is also improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention can realize independent regulation and control of the mechanical bearing capacity and structural health monitoring performance of the electric smelting pipe fitting. The maximum enhancement of the mechanical strength of the material is realized by adjusting the fiber filling quantity of the surface-grown conductor in the substrate; the optimal sensitivity of structural health monitoring is realized by adjusting the content of the conductor grown on the surface of the fiber; therefore, the invention overcomes the defect that the maximum mechanical bearing capacity and the electrical structure health monitoring sensitivity of the traditional short carbon fiber filled thermoplastic plastic for preparing the electric melting pipe fitting are difficult to be simultaneously considered.
(2) The electric smelting pipe fitting is formed in one step by adopting an injection molding method, an additional steel plate or fiber reinforced layer is not needed, the manufacturing process is simple, the stability is good, and the process cost is reduced. Therefore, the defects of complex process, bonding defect between two materials, annular reinforcement only, axial unreinforced and the like in the traditional steel plate reinforcement and fiber reinforced pipe fitting are overcome.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrofusion pipe provided by the present invention.
Reference numerals: 101 steel wire staggered winding composite pipe, 102 electrofusion pipe body, 103 resistance wire, 104 electrode and 105 binding post.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrode arrangement of an electrofusion tube provided by the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a test sample of mechanical and electrical properties of a glass fiber reinforced polyethylene with carbon nanotubes grown on the surface in an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals: 301 sample body, 302 electrode.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of mechanical and electrical properties of a fiber reinforced plastic material of a surface-grown conductor with the content of conductive fibers in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the filling amount (content 1) of the conductive fibers is lower than the filling amount (content 2) of the conductive fibers with the maximum value of mechanical strength during electroosmotic.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of mechanical and electrical properties of a fiber-reinforced plastic material of a surface-grown conductor with the content of conductive fibers in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the filling amount (content 1) of the conductive fibers with the maximum mechanical strength is lower than the filling amount (content 2) of the conductive fibers in electroosmotic flow.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of mechanical and electrical properties of a fiber-reinforced plastic material of a surface-grown conductor with the content of conductive fibers in the embodiment of the present invention, in which the filling amount of conductive fibers with the maximum mechanical strength is identical to the filling amount of conductive fibers in electroosmotic flow (content 1).
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fiber reinforced plastic electrofusion pipe fitting with independently regulated mechanical property and electrical property provided by the invention comprises an electrofusion pipe fitting body 102 embedded with a resistance wire 103, wherein the electrofusion pipe fitting body 102 is provided with two binding posts 105 respectively connected to two ends of the resistance wire; the material of the electrofusion pipe fitting body 102 is thermoplastic plastics doped with conductive fibers, and the conductive fibers are fibers with electric conductors on the surfaces; in the electrofusion pipe fitting body, the mass ratio of the conductive fiber relative to the electrofusion pipe fitting body is 0-40%, and is not 0; in the conductive fiber, the mass ratio of the conductive body to the fiber is 0-30% and is not 0;
the fibers are non-conductive fibrous materials or conductive fibrous materials; wherein, the non-conductive fibrous material is any one of glass fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, boron fiber and bamboo fiber; the conductive fibrous material is carbon fiber or polyaniline fiber; the electric conductor is a carbon electric conductor or a conductive metal plating layer; wherein the carbon-based conductor is any one of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphene; the conductive metal coating is a metal coating of copper, zinc or silver; the thermoplastic is polyethylene or polypropylene.
The electrode 104 shown in fig. 2 is adhered to the surface of the fused pipe body 102, and because the fused pipe mainly bears axial load in the bearing process, the electrode 104 arranged along the circumferential direction can well monitor axial deformation at this time, so that the structural health monitoring function of the fused pipe is realized.
The method for independently regulating and controlling the mechanical property and the electrical property of the fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the fiber and the raw material of the conductor, and growing a conductive phase on the surface of the fiber by using physical methods such as an electrophoretic deposition method, a coating method and the like or chemical methods such as a chemical vapor deposition method, a chemical reaction method and the like to obtain the conductive fiber; in the conductive fiber, the mass ratio of the conductive body to the fiber is 0 to 30% and is not 0. (the above methods are all carried out according to the general experimental steps in the industry)
(2) Adding thermoplastic plastic particles from a charging barrel of a double-screw extruder, adding conductive fibers from a vacuum port of the double-screw extruder, uniformly distributing the conductive fibers in a plastic matrix through the shearing action of screws of the double-screw extruder, and extruding from a machine head of the extruder after uniform distribution to obtain a linear composite; granulating by a granulator to obtain composite particles;
(3) According to the conventional process for preparing the electric melting pipe fitting, the electric melting pipe fitting obtained by injection molding of an injection molding machine is the required finished product.
The function of structural health monitoring of the fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting is to record the resistance change condition of the electric melting pipe fitting in real time when the electric melting pipe fitting is loaded, so as to analyze the deformation and internal damage condition of the electric melting pipe fitting; after the injection molding of the electrofusion pipe fitting is completed, in order to realize the health monitoring function of the electrical structure, the electrode 104 needs to be stuck at the corresponding position of the surface of the electrofusion pipe fitting body 102, and the electrofusion pipe fitting can be prepared and obtained by the following method:
(1) Fully cleaning the position of the electrode 104 to be pasted on the surface of the electrofusion pipe fitting body 102;
(2) And coating a layer of conductive silver paste on the position, and sticking an electrode on the surface of the conductive silver paste.
In order to realize the improvement of the maximum mechanical strength and the optimal structural health monitoring sensitivity of the fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting with the surface growing electric conductor, the matching scheme of independently regulating and controlling the filling quantity of the conductive fiber and the growing quantity of the electric conductor is required to be verified, and the method can be used for determining the filling quantity of the electric conductor by the following steps:
(1) Preparing a plurality of groups of standard tensile samples with different conductive fiber filling amounts, so as to simultaneously test mechanical property and electrical property of each group, and obtaining a schematic diagram of the change of the mechanical property and the electrical property of the material along with the content of the conductor, as shown in figures 4-6.
(2) When the relation curve of the mechanical property and the electrical property is shown in figure 4, the content of the conductive fiber is higher than that of the conductive fiber when the mechanical property is improved to the maximum extent in the electrical test of the material, and the density of the conductive body on the surface of the fiber is too low, so that the growth amount of the conductive body on the surface of the fiber needs to be improved;
(3) When the relation curve of the mechanical property and the electrical property is shown in figure 5, the content of the conductive fiber is lower than that of the conductive fiber when the mechanical property is improved to the maximum extent in the electrical test of the material, so that the density of the conductive body on the surface of the fiber is too high, and the growth amount of the conductive body on the surface of the fiber needs to be reduced;
(4) When the relation curve of the mechanical property and the electrical property is shown in figure 6, the content of the conductive fiber is consistent with the content of the conductive fiber when the mechanical property is improved to the maximum extent when the material is tested to have the highest sensitivity electrically, and the filling quantity of the conductive fiber and the growth quantity of the conductive body realize that the mechanical property and the electrical property of the material are simultaneously optimized; the ratio is the optimal ratio required by preparing the electric melting pipe fitting.
The following examples are provided to more clearly illustrate the technical aspects of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All the raw materials and the prepared components in the examples are available through public commercial channels.
The fiber reinforced plastic electrofusion tube in this example is illustrated as a glass fiber reinforced polyethylene electrofusion tube with a multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) grown on the surface.
In this embodiment, the filling amount of the glass fiber with the carbon nanotubes grown on the surface and the growth amount of the carbon nanotubes on the surface of the glass fiber are determined first, so as to achieve the best mechanical property improvement and electrical property enhancement of the material. Firstly, growing carbon nano tubes with the mass ratio of 10 percent relative to the fiber on the surface of glass fiber by using an electrophoretic deposition method, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing glass fiber and carbon nanotube powder according to the mass ratio of 9:1 respectively according to the content of the glass fiber and the carbon nanotube growing on the surface of the glass fiber;
(2) Placing the weighed carbon nano tube into absolute ethyl alcohol, and uniformly dispersing the carbon nano tube in an ultrasonic bath for 2 hours to obtain a carbon nano tube/ethyl alcohol dispersion liquid; then preparing an electrophoresis liquid according to the sequence of absolute ethyl alcohol, a magnesium nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.2mmol/L and a carbon nano tube/ethanol dispersion liquid, and treating for 30min by using an ultrasonic bath after the preparation is finished;
(3) Taking graphite electrodes as positive and negative electrodes of an electrophoretic deposition device, and coating the weighed glass fiber bundles at the positive electrode; controlling the electric field intensity between the two electrodes to be 10kV/m, the deposition time to be 30min, the deposition temperature to be 50 ℃, performing carbon nanotube deposition, placing the glass fiber with the carbon nanotubes grown on the surface into an oven after the experiment is finished, and drying for 2h at the temperature of 100 ℃; and after complete cooling, the glass fiber with the carbon nano tube grown on the surface required by the experiment is obtained.
In order to determine the mechanical property and the electrical property of the material under the condition of glass fiber with the surface growing 10% of carbon nano tubes with relative mass, analyzing whether the growth amount of the carbon nano tubes meets the cooperative optimization of the mechanical property and the electrical property of the material; respectively preparing a pure polyethylene tensile sample and a glass fiber reinforced polyethylene composite tensile sample with 10% relative mass carbon nano tubes grown on the surfaces of 10%, 20%,25%,30%, 35% and 40% of the pure polyethylene tensile sample, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Calculating and weighing glass fibers of polyethylene particles with corresponding mass and carbon nanotubes with the surface growth of 10% relative mass according to the glass fiber content of the carbon nanotubes growing on different surfaces;
(2) Setting the temperature of a charging barrel of a double-screw extruder to be 210 ℃, the temperature of an extruder head to be 190 ℃ and the rotating speed of a screw to be 200rpm; adding polyethylene particles into a charging barrel of a double-screw extruder from a hopper, melting and extruding forwards, adding glass fibers with carbon nano tubes growing on the surfaces from a vacuum port of the double-screw extruder, uniformly mixing the glass fibers with molten polyethylene, and extruding a linear compound A from a machine head (pure polyethylene material does not need to be added with glass fibers);
(3) Cooling the extruded linear compound A in a water bath, cutting and granulating by a granulator, and fully drying to remove water to obtain a granular compound B;
(4) Carrying out injection molding on the granular compound B by an injection molding machine to form a standard tensile sample; at the moment, the temperature of the injection molding machine is set to be 200 ℃ in the first section, 205 ℃ in the second section, 210 ℃ in the third section, 215 ℃ in the fourth section, 220 ℃ in the outlet of the injection molding machine and 180MPa in the injection molding pressure.
Respectively carrying out a uniaxial tension experiment and an electrical property test on a pure polyethylene tensile sample and a tensile sample of glass fiber reinforced polyethylene with the surface growing with 10% of relative mass carbon nano tubes at different contents; wherein, the uniaxial tension experiment follows the test method of a universal tester in the industry; the electrical performance test experiment requires processing the tensile specimen, as shown in fig. 3, a pair of electrodes 302 are stuck on the surface 301 of the tensile specimen, and the electrical performance of the material is tested by a standard resistance test device; the sample surface electrode pasting mode is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) Polishing the position of the tensile sample, which needs to be pasted with an electrode, by using sand paper, and removing a surface oxide layer; then wiping the surface of the sample with alcohol;
(2) After the alcohol is fully volatilized, coating a layer of conductive silver paste on the sanding position;
(3) Copper foil is stuck on the surface of each conductive silver paste to be used as a conductive electrode.
As shown in the figure 5, the conductive glass fiber content of the material with the maximum improvement of mechanical properties is lower than that of the material with electroosmotic flow, the density of the surface conductors of the glass fiber is insufficient, and the growth of the surface conductors of the fiber needs to be further improved.
In order to further determine the content of the carbon nano tube grown on the surface of the glass fiber and realize the cooperative optimization of the mechanical property and the electrical property of the material, the glass fiber with 15 percent, 20 percent, 25 percent and 30 percent of relative mass carbon nano tube grown on the surface is prepared respectively, and the preparation steps are kept consistent as above; under the above conditions, glass fiber reinforced polyethylene composite tensile samples with different relative mass carbon nanotubes and conductive fiber contents of 20%,25%,30%, 35% and 40% are prepared, and the preparation steps are kept consistent.
The experimental result shows that when the mass ratio of the glass fiber of the surface-grown carbon nano tube is 40% and the mass ratio of the conductor to the fiber is 25%, the mechanical property and the electrical property of the test sample are basically consistent with those of the figure 6; independent regulation and control of mechanical properties and electrical properties of the material are realized, and the content of the conductive glass fiber and the growth of the conductor realize cooperative optimization of the mechanical properties and the electrical properties of the material; therefore, the electric melting pipe fitting with the optimal mechanical property enhancement and the highest structural health monitoring sensitivity is determined by selecting the materials.
In this embodiment, the method for manufacturing the electric melting pipe fitting by using the glass fiber reinforced polyethylene material with the carbon nano tube grown on the surface can be performed according to the following steps:
(1) The composite material for manufacturing the electric melting pipe fitting comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of high-density polyethylene granules, 40 parts of glass fiber with carbon nanotubes grown on the surface, wherein the glass fiber grows 10 parts of carbon nanotubes according to the optimized ratio of 3:1;
(2) Setting the temperature of a charging barrel of a double-screw extruder to be 210 ℃, the temperature of an extruder head to be 190 ℃ and the rotating speed of a screw to be 200rpm; adding polyethylene particles into a charging barrel of a double-screw extruder from a hopper, melting and extruding forwards, adding glass fibers with carbon nano tubes growing on the surfaces of the glass fibers from a vacuum port of the double-screw extruder, uniformly mixing the glass fibers with molten polyethylene, and extruding a linear compound C from a machine head;
(3) Cooling the extruded linear compound C in a water bath, cutting and granulating by a granulator, and fully drying to remove water to obtain a granular compound D;
(4) Carrying out injection molding on the granular compound D by an injection molding machine to form an electric melting pipe fitting; at the moment, the temperature of the injection molding machine is set to be 200 ℃ at the first stage, 205 ℃ at the second stage, 210 ℃ at the third stage, 215 ℃ at the fourth stage, 220 ℃ at the outlet of the injection molding machine and 90bar at the injection molding pressure.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to realize the function of monitoring structural health of the electric melting pipe, an electrode 104 is adhered to the circumferential surface of the electric melting pipe, in this embodiment, the electrode is a copper foil electrode, and the method for setting the electrode can be performed according to the following steps:
(1) Polishing the position of the electric melting pipe fitting, where the electrode 104 needs to be adhered, by using sand paper, and removing a surface oxide layer; then cleaning the surface of the pipe fitting with alcohol;
(2) After the alcohol is fully volatilized, coating a layer of conductive silver paste on the sanding position;
(3) Copper foil is stuck on the surface of each conductive silver paste to be used as a conductive electrode.
The glass fiber reinforced polyethylene electric melting pipe fitting with the carbon nano tube grown on the surface prepared by the method can realize the maximum enhancement of the bearing capacity of the electric melting pipe fitting, ensure the optimal sensitivity of the health monitoring of the electric melting pipe fitting structure, discover the potential failure risk in the electric melting pipe fitting in time, and improve the medium conveying efficiency and the structural safety in the service process of the electric melting pipe fitting.
Claims (5)
1. The fiber reinforced plastic electrofusion pipe fitting with the mechanical property and the electrical property being independently regulated and controlled comprises an electrofusion pipe fitting body embedded with a resistance wire, wherein the electrofusion pipe fitting body is provided with two binding posts respectively connected to two ends of the resistance wire; the electric melting pipe fitting is characterized in that the material of the electric melting pipe fitting body is thermoplastic plastics doped with conductive fibers, and the conductive fibers are fibers with conductors on the surfaces; in the electrofusion pipe fitting body, the mass ratio of the conductive fiber relative to the electrofusion pipe fitting body is 0-40%, and is not 0; in the conductive fiber, the mass ratio of the conductive body to the fiber is 0-30% and is not 0;
the function of the fiber is to improve the mechanical property of the pipe fitting, and the fiber is a non-conductive fibrous material or a conductive fibrous material; wherein, the non-conductive fibrous material is any one of glass fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, boron fiber and bamboo fiber; the conductive fibrous material is carbon fiber or polyaniline fiber;
the electric conductor has the function of improving the conductivity of the plastic material of the pipe fitting body, and is a carbon electric conductor or a conductive metal coating; wherein the carbon-based conductor is any one of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and graphene; the conductive metal coating is a metal coating of copper, zinc or silver;
the independent regulation and control of the mechanical property and the electrical property of the fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting is realized by the following steps:
(1) Changing the fiber filling amount of the pipe fitting body material to realize the maximum enhancement of the mechanical strength of the material;
(2) The optimal electrical test sensitivity is realized by changing the content of the conductor grown on the surface of the fiber;
the principle of regulating the content of the conductor grown on the surface of the fiber is as follows:
if the content of the conductive fiber in electroosmotic flow is lower than that in the process of maximum improvement of mechanical properties, the growth of the conductive body on the surface of the fiber needs to be reduced; if the content of the conductive fiber is lower than that of the conductive fiber in electroosmotic flow when the mechanical property is improved to the maximum extent, the growth of the conductive body on the surface of the fiber needs to be improved; until the content of the conductive fiber when the mechanical property of the material is improved to the maximum is consistent with the content of the conductive fiber when the electroosmotic flow is obtained.
2. The fiber reinforced plastic electrofusion tube of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic is polyethylene or polypropylene.
3. The method for independently regulating and controlling the mechanical property and the electrical property of the fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Growing a conductor on the surface of the fiber by a physical method or a chemical method to obtain a conductive fiber; in the conductive fiber, the mass ratio of the conductive body to the fiber is 0-30% and is not 0;
the fibers are non-conductive fibrous materials or conductive fibrous materials; wherein, the non-conductive fibrous material is any one of glass fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, boron fiber and bamboo fiber; the conductive fibrous material is carbon fiber or polyaniline fiber;
the electric conductor is a carbon electric conductor or a conductive metal plating layer; wherein the carbon-based conductor is any one of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and graphene; the conductive metal coating is a metal coating of copper, zinc or silver;
(2) Carrying out blending extrusion and injection molding on conductive fibers and thermoplastic plastic particles to prepare a standard tensile sample with conductivity; in the standard tensile sample, the mass ratio of the conductive fiber relative to the whole standard tensile sample is 0-40% and is not 0;
(3) Determining the types of thermoplastic plastics, fibers and conductors according to a preset scheme, and preparing a plurality of standard tensile samples after a conductor growth method, wherein the conductive fibers with different conductor growth amounts and different conductive fiber doping ratios are prepared; mounting a pair of electrodes on the surface of a standard tensile sample, and connecting the electrodes to a resistance testing device through wires; clamping a standard tensile sample in a clamp of a universal testing machine, and simultaneously performing a mechanical performance test experiment and a conductive performance test experiment to obtain data of the mechanical performance and the conductive performance of the material along with the growth amount of a conductive body and the filling amount of conductive fibers;
(4) Analyzing the change condition of the mechanical property and the electric conductivity of the standard tensile sample obtained by the experiment, and correspondingly adjusting:
if the content of the conductive fiber in electroosmotic flow is lower than that in the process of maximum improvement of mechanical properties, the growth of the conductive body on the surface of the fiber needs to be reduced; if the content of the conductive fiber is lower than that of the conductive fiber in electroosmotic flow when the mechanical property is improved to the maximum extent, the growth of the conductive body on the surface of the fiber needs to be improved; until the content of the conductive fiber when the mechanical property of the material is improved to the maximum is consistent with the content of the conductive fiber when the electrical seepage is carried out, under the condition, the mechanical property enhancement and the electrical property improvement of the standard tensile sample reach the optimal values;
(5) And preparing raw materials by utilizing the data of the conductor growth quantity and the conductive fiber content on the fiber surface under the optimal condition, and obtaining the electric melting pipe fitting according to the conventional electric melting pipe fitting preparation process, so that the mechanical property is enhanced and the structural health monitoring sensitivity is optimized at the same time.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the physical method is an electrophoretic deposition method or a coating method; the chemical method refers to a chemical vapor deposition method or a chemical reaction method.
5. A method according to claim 3, wherein the thermoplastic particles are polyethylene particles or polypropylene particles.
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