CN115183079A - Fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting with mechanical property and electrical property independently regulated and controlled - Google Patents
Fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting with mechanical property and electrical property independently regulated and controlled Download PDFInfo
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- CN115183079A CN115183079A CN202210546387.5A CN202210546387A CN115183079A CN 115183079 A CN115183079 A CN 115183079A CN 202210546387 A CN202210546387 A CN 202210546387A CN 115183079 A CN115183079 A CN 115183079A
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
- F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
- F16L47/03—Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
- B29D23/001—Pipes; Pipe joints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
- C08J5/08—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials glass fibres
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/04—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/06—Polyethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/14—Glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a non-metal pipeline connecting technology, and aims to provide a fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting with independently regulated and controlled mechanical properties and electrical properties. The electric melting pipe fitting comprises an electric melting pipe fitting body in which a resistance wire is embedded, wherein two binding posts connected to two ends of the resistance wire are arranged on the electric melting pipe fitting body respectively; the electric melting pipe fitting body is made of thermoplastic plastics doped with conductive fibers, and the conductive fibers are fibers with electric conductors on the surfaces; in the electric melting pipe fitting body, the mass ratio of the conductive fibers to the electric melting pipe fitting body is 0-40% and is not 0; the conductive fiber has a mass ratio of the conductor to the fiber of 0 to 30% and not 0. The invention can realize the independent regulation and control of the mechanical bearing capacity and the structural health monitoring performance of the electric melting pipe fitting. The injection molding method is adopted for one-step molding, an additional steel plate or a fiber reinforced layer is not needed, the manufacturing process is simple, the stability is good, and the process cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a non-metal pipeline connecting technology, in particular to a fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting with independently regulated and controlled mechanical properties and electrical properties.
Background
The non-metal pipeline has the advantages of corrosion resistance, high flexibility, good toughness, economy, environmental protection, long service life and the like, is a recognized 'green' pipeline, is widely applied to many engineering fields such as municipal administration, ocean, building, nuclear power and the like at present, has an immeasurable development prospect, and even gradually replaces traditional metal pipelines in some fields.
In the connection technology of plastic and composite pipelines thereof, the degree of automation of electric fusion welding is high, the welding technology performance is reliable, the welding efficiency is high, the problem of welding quality caused by human factors can be greatly reduced, and the method is the most common pipeline connection technology at present. The principle of electric smelting pipe fitting welding is: and electrifying a resistance wire which is pre-arranged in the pipe fitting, connecting the outer wall of the pipe fitting and the electric melting pipe fitting together by using heat and expansion force generated when the resistance wire is electrified, and cooling to obtain the electric melting joint with certain strength.
Along with the development of reinforced composite pipelines, the development and application of steel-plastic composite pipes, aluminum-plastic composite pipes and fiber winding composite pipes obviously improve the strength and the bearing capacity of the plastic pipelines, so that the composite pipelines can be suitable for higher pressure environments; compared with various reinforcing modes of pipelines, the reinforcing mode of the electric melting pipe fitting for pipeline connection is very limited at present, and the strength of the electric melting pipe fitting becomes a main bottleneck for limiting the development of high-pressure composite pipes. According to the american gas society (AGA), about 65% of non-metallic gas pipeline failures come from joints and pipe fittings, and thus it can be seen that in non-metallic pipeline systems, the electrofused joints change the integrity of the pipe itself, making the electrofused pipe fittings a weak link of the pipeline system.
In order to solve the problem of insufficient strength of the electric melting pipe fitting and improve the safety of the pipe fitting in service, an applicant team firstly provides a short carbon fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting (CN 109827014A) with a strain self-monitoring function, the mechanical strength of a material is enhanced by filling carbon fibers in a plastic matrix, and the bearing capacity of the pipe fitting can be remarkably improved by adopting the material to injection mold the electric melting pipe fitting; meanwhile, the electric conductivity of the carbon fibers is utilized, a structure health monitoring method of the electric melting pipe fitting based on resistance measurement is provided, strain and damage monitoring of the electric melting pipe fitting and the pipeline system of the electric melting pipe fitting under the action of internal pressure is realized, and the running safety of the pipeline system is improved. The applicant team also found through practical tests that, for short carbon fiber reinforced polymer materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene, the mechanical strength of the material shows a first-rising and then-decreasing change along with the increase of the filling content of the carbon fiber. For the electrical properties of the material, when the content of the carbon fiber changes around the percolation threshold value of the carbon fiber, the material has different electrical sensitivity, and when the content of the carbon fiber reaches the inflection point of an electrical percolation curve, the material has the best electrical sensitivity. Because the optimal carbon fiber filling content corresponding to the enhancement of the mechanical property and the improvement of the electrical sensitivity of the material is often not completely consistent, the mechanical property and the structural health monitoring performance of the produced short carbon fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting cannot be simultaneously optimized. In the above patent, the inventor group proposed that the mechanical properties of the electric melting pipe fittings and the structural health monitoring performance are synergistically maximized by adjusting the material processing technology, the processing technology parameters and the like. However, this method undoubtedly results in a reduction in the processing efficiency and also in fluctuations in the length and dispersion of the short carbon fibers in the resulting matrix.
In order to solve the defects of the short carbon fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting in the specific implementation process, the invention provides the fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting with independently regulated and controlled mechanical properties and electrical properties, and the electric melting pipe fitting is prepared from a fiber reinforced plastic composite material with an electric conductor growing on the surface; firstly, the maximum enhancement of the mechanical strength of the material is realized by changing the fiber filling amount of the electric conductor growing on the surface in the plastic matrix; secondly, the optimal electrical sensitivity of the material is realized by changing the content of the electric conductor growing on the surface of the fiber; therefore, the independent regulation and control of the mechanical property and the electrical sensitivity of the material are realized, the independent regulation and control of the mechanical property and the structural health monitoring performance of the pipe fitting are further realized, and finally the electric melting pipe fitting with the best bearing capacity and the highest structural health monitoring sensitivity can be prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provides a fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting with independently regulated and controlled mechanical performance and electrical performance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following solution:
the fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting comprises an electric melting pipe fitting body embedded with a resistance wire, wherein two binding posts connected to two ends of the resistance wire are arranged on the electric melting pipe fitting body respectively; the electric melting pipe fitting body is made of thermoplastic plastics doped with conductive fibers, and the conductive fibers are fibers with electric conductors on the surfaces; in the electric melting pipe fitting body, the mass ratio of the conductive fibers to the electric melting pipe fitting body is 0-40% and is not 0; in the conductive fiber, the mass ratio of the conductor to the fiber is 0-30% and is not 0;
the fibers are non-conductive fibrous materials or conductive fibrous materials; wherein the non-conductive fibrous material is any one of glass fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, boron fiber and bamboo fiber; the conductive fibrous material is carbon fiber or polyaniline fiber;
the conductor is a carbon-based conductor or a conductive metal plating layer; wherein the carbon-based conductor is any one of a carbon nanotube, a carbon nanofiber or graphene; the conductive metal plating is a metal plating of copper, zinc or silver.
In the present invention, the thermoplastic is polyethylene or polypropylene.
The invention further provides a method for independently regulating and controlling the mechanical property and the electrical property of the fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Growing the conductor on the surface of the fiber by a physical method or a chemical method to obtain the conductive fiber; in the conductive fiber, the mass ratio of the conductor to the fiber is 0-30% and is not 0;
the fibers are non-conductive fibrous materials or conductive fibrous materials; wherein, the non-conductive fibrous material is any one of glass fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, boron fiber and bamboo fiber; the conductive fibrous material is carbon fiber or polyaniline fiber;
the conductor is a carbon-based conductor or a conductive metal plating layer; wherein the carbon-based conductor is any one of a carbon nanotube, a carbon nanofiber or graphene; the conductive metal coating is a copper, zinc or silver metal coating;
(2) Conducting fiber and thermoplastic plastic particles are subjected to blending extrusion and injection molding processes to prepare a standard tensile sample with conductivity; in the standard tensile sample, the mass ratio of the conductive fiber to the whole standard tensile sample is 0-40% and is not 0;
(3) Determining the types of thermoplastic plastics, fibers and electric conductors and the electric conductor growing method according to a preset scheme, and then preparing a plurality of standard tensile test samples, wherein the standard tensile test samples have the conductive fibers with different electric conductor growing amounts and different conductive fiber doping ratios; installing a pair of electrodes on the surface of a standard tensile sample, and connecting the electrodes to a resistance testing device through leads; clamping a standard tensile sample in a clamp of a universal testing machine, and simultaneously carrying out a mechanical property test experiment and a conductivity test experiment to obtain data of the mechanical property and the conductivity of the material along with the change of the growth amount of the conductor and the filling amount of the conductive fiber;
(4) Analyzing the change conditions of the mechanical property and the electrical conductivity of the standard tensile sample obtained by the experiment, and correspondingly adjusting:
if the content of the conductive fibers in the electrical seepage is lower than that in the mechanical property maximum improvement, the growth amount of the electric conductors on the surfaces of the fibers needs to be reduced; if the content of the conductive fibers during the maximum improvement of the mechanical properties is lower than that during the electrical seepage, the growth amount of the conductors on the surfaces of the fibers needs to be increased; until the content of the conductive fiber when the mechanical property of the obtained material is maximally improved is consistent with the content of the conductive fiber when the material is subjected to electrical seepage, the mechanical property enhancement and the electrical property improvement of the standard tensile sample reach optimal values under the condition;
(5) The method comprises the steps of preparing raw materials by using data of the conductor growth amount and the conductive fiber content of the fiber surface under the optimal condition, obtaining the electric melting pipe fitting according to the conventional electric melting pipe fitting preparation process, and achieving optimization of mechanical property enhancement and structural health monitoring sensitivity at the same time.
In the present invention, the physical method refers to an electrophoretic deposition method or a coating method; the chemical method refers to a chemical vapor deposition method or a chemical reaction method.
In the present invention, the thermoplastic particles are polyethylene particles or polypropylene particles.
In the invention, the fiber is used for improving the mechanical property of the pipe fitting; the electric conductor is used for improving the conductivity of the plastic material or the composite material of the pipe fitting body and realizing the structural health monitoring function of the pipe fitting based on electrical signal measurement; the fiber reinforced plastic with the electric conductor grown on the surface can realize independent regulation and control of the mechanical property of the electric melting pipe fitting and the health monitoring property of the electric structure, and the electric melting pipe fitting with the enhanced mechanical property and the optimized structure health monitoring sensitivity is obtained. The specific filling amount of the fibers needs to be determined according to the type of the fibers and the expected reinforcing performance requirement of the composite material, and the growth amount of the electric conductor needs to be determined according to the type of the electric conductor and the electric conductivity requirement thereof.
Description of the invention
The invention realizes the independent regulation and control of the mechanical performance and the electric structure health monitoring performance of the electric melting pipe fitting by filling the fibers of the surface-grown electric conductor in the thermoplastic plastic matrix. The fibers have high elastic modulus and yield strength, basically have no influence on the elastic modulus and the yield strength of the fibers after the electric conductors grow on the surfaces of the fibers, and promote the combination of the fibers and the matrix. Meanwhile, the electric conductors on the surfaces of the fibers serve as a conductive medium, and when the content of the electric conductors reaches a percolation threshold, a conductive network is formed among the electric conductors on the fibers dispersed in the matrix, so that the material has conductivity. In the operation process, the pressure in the pipeline can cause the deformation or damage of the material of the electric melting pipe fitting, so that the distance between the conductive fibers in the material is increased, the conductive network between the electric conductors is gradually damaged, the conductivity of the material is reduced, and the resistivity of the material is increased; therefore, the structural health monitoring of the electric melting pipe fitting can be realized by testing the resistance value of the material of the electric melting pipe fitting.
For the mechanical property of the material, the mechanical strength of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic plastic composite material with the electric conductor growing on the surface shows a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing along with the increase of the filling content of the conductive fiber, and the filling content of the conductive fiber when the composite material shows the maximum mechanical strength is the content of the conductive fiber when the mechanical property is maximally improved; for the electrical property of the material, when the content of the electric conductor on the surface of the fiber changes near the percolation threshold value, the material has different electrical sensitivities, and when the content of the electric conductor reaches the inflection point of the electrical percolation curve, if the conductive network between the internal electric conductor and the electric conductor is damaged due to the factors such as deformation or damage and the like of the composite material, the resistance value of the composite material can fluctuate by orders of magnitude, the monitoring capability of the composite material on the deformation or damage is improved, and therefore the material has the best electrical testing sensitivity. Because the preparation of the content of the conductive fiber and the growth amount of the electric conductor on the surface of the fiber is an independent process, the independent regulation and control of the mechanical property and the electrical property of the material are realized: the fiber filling amount of the surface growth electric conductor in the matrix is changed, and the maximum enhancement of the mechanical strength of the material is realized; and secondly, the optimal electrical test sensitivity is realized by changing the content of the electric conductor growing on the surface of the fiber. In the specific implementation process, if the content of the conductive fibers in the electrical test with the highest sensitivity is lower than that in the process of the maximum improvement of the mechanical properties, the density of the conductive bodies on the surface of the fibers is too high, and the growth amount of the conductive bodies on the surface of the fibers needs to be reduced; and vice versa. Therefore, the fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting with the electric conductor growing on the surface provided by the invention realizes independent regulation and control of the mechanical property and the structural health monitoring performance of the material, and finally can be used for preparing the electric melting pipe fitting with the best mechanical property and the highest structural health monitoring sensitivity.
In order to realize the structural health monitoring of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic electric melting pipe fitting with the electric conductor growing on the surface, electrodes are pasted on the surface of the electric melting pipe fitting, and the deformation and damage conditions of the electric melting pipe fitting can be monitored by measuring the resistance value between the electrodes. According to the structural health method, only two electrodes are needed to be pasted on the surface of the electric melting pipe fitting, so that the deformation and damage conditions of any position can be monitored, the structural health monitoring of the electric melting pipe fitting in the using process is realized, the intellectualization of the electric melting pipe fitting is realized, and the safety of the electric melting pipe fitting is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention can realize the independent regulation and control of the mechanical bearing capacity and the structural health monitoring performance of the electric melting pipe fitting. The maximum enhancement of the mechanical strength of the material is realized by adjusting the fiber filling amount of the surface growth electric conductor in the matrix; the optimal sensitivity of the structural health monitoring is realized by adjusting the content of the electric conductor growing on the surface of the fiber; therefore, the invention overcomes the defect that the maximum mechanical bearing capacity and the electrical structure health monitoring sensitivity of the pipe fitting are difficult to simultaneously consider in the traditional preparation of the electric melting pipe fitting by filling the thermoplastic plastics with the short carbon fibers.
(2) The electric melting pipe fitting is formed in one step by an injection molding method, an additional steel plate or a fiber reinforced layer is not needed, the manufacturing process is simple, the stability is good, and the process cost is reduced. Therefore, the defects that the traditional steel plate reinforced and fiber reinforced pipe fitting is complex in process, bonding between two materials exists, only annular reinforcement can be achieved, and axial reinforcement cannot be achieved are overcome.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electrofusion pipe fitting provided by the patent of the present invention.
Reference numerals are as follows: 101 steel wires are wound around a composite pipe in a staggered mode, 102 electric melting pipe fitting bodies, 103 resistance wires, 104 electrodes and 105 wiring terminals.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an electrode arrangement of an electrofusion pipe fitting provided by the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sample for testing mechanical properties and conductivity of glass fiber reinforced polyethylene with surface-grown carbon nanotubes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals are as follows: 301 sample body, 302 electrodes.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of mechanical and electrical properties of the fiber reinforced plastic material with the content of the conductive fiber in the case of the surface-grown electrical conductor according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which the filling amount of the conductive fiber (content 1) during electrical percolation is lower than the filling amount of the conductive fiber (content 2) with the maximum mechanical strength.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the variation of mechanical and electrical properties of the fiber reinforced plastic material with the content of the conductive fiber in the case of the surface-grown electrical conductor according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which the filling amount of the conductive fiber (content 1) at the maximum of the mechanical strength is lower than the filling amount of the conductive fiber (content 2) in the case of the electrical percolation.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the mechanical and electrical properties of the fiber reinforced plastic material with a surface-grown electrical conductor according to the embodiment of the present invention, which vary with the content of the conductive fiber, wherein the filling amount of the conductive fiber with the maximum mechanical strength is the same as the filling amount of the conductive fiber during electrical percolation (content 1).
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe provided by the invention, the mechanical properties and the electrical properties of which are independently regulated and controlled, comprises an electric melting pipe body 102 in which a resistance wire 103 is embedded, wherein two binding posts 105 respectively connected to two ends of the resistance wire are arranged on the electric melting pipe body 102; the material of the electric melting pipe fitting body 102 is thermoplastic plastic doped with conductive fibers, and the conductive fibers are fibers with electric conductors on the surface; in the electric melting pipe fitting body, the mass ratio of the conductive fibers to the electric melting pipe fitting body is 0-40% and is not 0; in the conductive fiber, the mass ratio of the conductor to the fiber is 0-30% and is not 0;
the fibers are non-conductive fibrous materials or conductive fibrous materials; wherein, the non-conductive fibrous material is any one of glass fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, boron fiber and bamboo fiber; the conductive fibrous material is carbon fiber or polyaniline fiber; the conductor is a carbon-based conductor or a conductive metal plating layer; wherein the carbon-based conductor is any one of a carbon nanotube, a carbon nanofiber or graphene; the conductive metal coating is a copper, zinc or silver metal coating; the thermoplastic is polyethylene or polypropylene.
The electrode 104 shown in fig. 2 is attached to the surface of the electrofusion pipe fitting body 102, and since the electrofusion pipe fitting mainly bears an axial load in a bearing process, the electrode 104 arranged in the circumferential direction can well monitor axial deformation, so that a structural health monitoring function of the electrofusion pipe fitting is realized.
The method for independently regulating and controlling the mechanical property and the electrical property of the fiber reinforced plastic electrofusion pipe fitting comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing fiber and conductor raw materials, and growing a conductive phase on the surface of the fiber by using physical methods such as an electrophoretic deposition method, a coating method and the like or chemical methods such as a chemical vapor deposition method, a chemical reaction method and the like to obtain conductive fiber; in the conductive fiber, the mass ratio of the conductor to the fiber is 0 to 30% and is not 0. (all the above methods are carried out according to the general experimental procedures in the industry)
(2) Thermoplastic plastic particles are added from a charging barrel of a double-screw extruder, conductive fibers are added from a vacuum port of the double-screw extruder, the conductive fibers are uniformly distributed in a plastic matrix through the screw shearing action of the double-screw extruder, and a linear compound is obtained by extruding from a machine head of the extruder after the conductive fibers are uniformly distributed; then granulating by a granulator to obtain compound particles;
(3) According to the conventional electric melting pipe fitting preparation process, the electric melting pipe fitting obtained by injection molding through an injection molding machine is the required finished product.
The structure health monitoring function of the fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting disclosed by the invention is to record the resistance change condition of the electric melting pipe fitting in a bearing process in real time, and further analyze the deformation and internal damage conditions of the electric melting pipe fitting; after the electric melting pipe fitting is subjected to injection molding, in order to realize the function of monitoring the health of the electrical structure, the electrode 104 needs to be pasted at a corresponding position on the surface of the electric melting pipe fitting body 102, and the electric melting pipe fitting can be prepared by the following method:
(1) Fully cleaning the position of the electrode 104 to be adhered on the surface of the electric melting pipe fitting body 102;
(2) Coating a layer of conductive silver paste at the position, and pasting an electrode on the surface of the conductive silver paste.
In order to realize the maximum mechanical strength improvement and the optimal structure health monitoring sensitivity of the fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting with the electric conductor growing on the surface, a matching scheme for independently regulating and controlling the filling amount of the electric conducting fiber and the growth amount of the electric conductor needs to be verified, and the method can be determined by the following method:
(1) Preparing a plurality of groups of standard tensile samples with different conductive fiber filling amounts, simultaneously carrying out mechanical property test and electrical property test on each group, and obtaining schematic diagrams of the material mechanical property and electrical property along with the change of the content of the electric conductor, as shown in attached figures 4-6.
(2) When the relation curve of the mechanical property and the electrical property is shown in figure 4, the conductive fiber content of the material with the highest sensitivity in the electrical test is higher than that of the material with the highest mechanical property, so that the density of the conductive body on the surface of the fiber is too low, and the growth amount of the conductive body on the surface of the fiber needs to be increased;
(3) When the relation curve of the mechanical property and the electrical property is shown in fig. 5, the content of the conductive fiber at the highest sensitivity of the electrical test of the material is lower than that at the maximum improvement of the mechanical property, so that the density of the conductive body on the surface of the fiber is too high, and the growth amount of the conductive body on the surface of the fiber needs to be reduced;
(4) When the relation curve of the mechanical property and the electrical property is shown in figure 6, the content of the conductive fiber when the electrical test of the material is the highest in sensitivity is consistent with the content of the conductive fiber when the mechanical property is maximally improved, and the mechanical property and the electrical property of the material are simultaneously optimized by the filling amount of the conductive fiber and the growth amount of the conductor; the proportion is the optimal proportion required for preparing the electric melting pipe fittings.
The following examples are provided to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All of the raw materials and ingredients in the examples were obtained from public commercial sources.
The fiber-reinforced plastic electrofused pipe in this example is described as a glass fiber-reinforced polyethylene electrofused pipe in which multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are grown on the surface.
In this embodiment, the glass fiber filling amount of the carbon nanotubes growing on the surface and the carbon nanotube growing amount on the surface of the glass fiber need to be determined first, so as to achieve the best mechanical performance improvement and electrical performance enhancement of the material. Firstly, growing carbon nano tubes with the mass ratio of 10 percent relative to the fiber on the surface of the glass fiber by using an electrophoretic deposition method, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing glass fiber and carbon nanotube powder according to the mass ratio of 9;
(2) Placing the weighed carbon nano tubes in absolute ethyl alcohol, and uniformly dispersing the carbon nano tubes in an ultrasonic bath for 2 hours to obtain a carbon nano tube/ethyl alcohol dispersion liquid; then preparing an electrophoretic solution according to the sequence of absolute ethyl alcohol, a magnesium nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.2mmol/L and a carbon nano tube/ethanol dispersion solution, and after the preparation is finished, using an ultrasonic bath to perform retreatment for 30min;
(3) Taking a graphite electrode as a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the electrophoretic deposition device, and coating the weighed glass fiber bundles at the positive electrode; controlling the electric field intensity between the two electrodes to be 10kV/m, the deposition time to be 30min and the deposition temperature to be 50 ℃, depositing the carbon nano tube, placing the glass fiber with the carbon nano tube growing on the surface in a drying oven after the experiment is finished, and drying for 2h at the temperature of 100 ℃; and after complete cooling, the glass fiber with the carbon nano tube growing on the surface is the glass fiber required by the experiment.
In order to determine the mechanical property and the electrical property of the material under the condition of the glass fiber with 10% of carbon nano tubes growing on the surface relative to the mass, and analyze whether the growing quantity of the carbon nano tubes meets the synergistic optimization of the mechanical property and the electrical property of the material; pure polyethylene tensile samples and glass fiber reinforced polyethylene composite tensile samples with the content of 10%, 20%,25%,30%, 35% and 40% of carbon nano tubes with 10% of relative mass growing on the surface are respectively prepared, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Calculating and weighing polyethylene particles with corresponding mass and glass fibers with 10% of carbon nanotubes growing on the surfaces of the polyethylene particles according to the content of the glass fibers with the carbon nanotubes growing on different surfaces;
(2) Setting the temperature of a charging barrel of a double-screw extruder to be 210 ℃, the temperature of an extruder head to be 190 ℃ and the rotating speed of screws to be 200rpm; polyethylene particles are added into a charging barrel of a double-screw extruder from a hopper, melted and extruded forwards, glass fiber with a carbon nanotube growing on the surface is added from a vacuum port of the double-screw extruder, and is uniformly mixed with melted polyethylene, and then a linear compound A is extruded from a handpiece (the pure polyethylene material does not need to be added with the glass fiber);
(3) Cooling the extruded linear compound A in a water bath, cutting and granulating through a granulator, and fully drying to remove water to obtain a granular compound B;
(4) The granular compound B is subjected to injection molding by an injection molding machine to form a standard tensile sample; at the moment, the temperature of the injection molding machine is set to be 200 ℃ at the first section, 205 ℃ at the second section, 210 ℃ at the third section, 215 ℃ at the fourth section, 220 ℃ at the outlet of the injection molding machine and 180MPa at the injection molding pressure.
Respectively carrying out uniaxial tension experiments and electrical property test experiments on pure polyethylene tensile samples and tensile samples of glass fiber reinforced polyethylene with different contents of carbon nano tubes with 10% of relative mass growing on the surfaces; wherein, the uniaxial tension experiment follows the testing method of a universal testing machine in the industry; in the electrical property test experiment, a tensile sample needs to be processed, as shown in fig. 3, a pair of electrodes 302 are adhered to the surface 301 of the tensile sample, and the electrical property of the material is tested by a standard resistance testing device; the sample surface electrode pasting method comprises the following steps:
(1) Polishing the position of the tensile sample needing to be adhered with the electrode by using sand paper, and removing a surface oxidation layer; then wiping off the surface of the sample by using alcohol;
(2) After the alcohol is fully volatilized, coating a layer of conductive silver paste on the polishing position of the abrasive paper;
(3) And copper foils are adhered to the surfaces of the conductive silver pastes to serve as conductive electrodes.
The experimental result is shown in fig. 5, the content of the conductive glass fiber when the material shows that the mechanical property is maximally improved is lower than that of the conductive glass fiber when the material shows that the electrical seepage occurs, the density of the conductor on the surface of the glass fiber is insufficient, and the growth amount of the conductor on the surface of the fiber needs to be further improved.
In order to further determine the content of the carbon nanotubes growing on the surface of the glass fiber and realize the synergistic optimization of the mechanical property and the electrical property of the material, the glass fibers with 15 percent, 20 percent, 25 percent and 30 percent of carbon nanotubes growing on the surface are respectively prepared, and the preparation steps are kept consistent as above; under the conditions, the tensile samples of the glass fiber reinforced polyethylene composite material with different relative mass of carbon nano tubes growing on the surface and the content of conductive fibers of 20%,25%,30%, 35% and 40% are prepared, and the preparation steps are the same as the above.
The experimental result shows that when the mass ratio of the glass fiber of the carbon nano tube growing on the surface is 40 percent and the mass ratio of the electric conductor relative to the fiber is 25 percent, the results of the mechanical property and the electrical property tested by the sample are basically consistent with those shown in the figure 6; the independent regulation and control of the mechanical property and the electrical property of the material are realized, and the content of the conductive glass fiber and the growth amount of the electric conductor realize the cooperative optimization of the mechanical property and the electrical property of the material; therefore, the electric melting pipe fitting with the optimal mechanical performance enhancement and the highest structural health monitoring sensitivity is determined and selected by the materials.
In this embodiment, the method for manufacturing the electric melting pipe fitting by using the glass fiber reinforced polyethylene material with the carbon nanotubes growing on the surface thereof may be performed according to the following steps:
(1) The composite material for manufacturing the electric melting pipe fitting comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of high-density polyethylene granules and 40 parts of glass fiber with carbon nanotubes growing on the surface, wherein the glass fiber grows 10 parts of carbon nanotubes according to the ratio of 3;
(2) Setting the temperature of a charging barrel of a double-screw extruder to be 210 ℃, the temperature of an extruder head to be 190 ℃ and the rotating speed of a screw to be 200rpm; adding polyethylene particles into a charging barrel of a double-screw extruder from a hopper, melting and extruding forwards, adding glass fiber with a carbon nanotube growing on the surface from a vacuum port of the double-screw extruder, uniformly mixing with molten polyethylene, and extruding a linear compound C from a machine head;
(3) Cooling the extruded linear compound C in water bath, cutting and granulating through a granulator, and fully drying to remove water to obtain a granular compound D;
(4) Injection molding the granular compound D into an electric melting pipe fitting by an injection molding machine; at the moment, the temperature of the injection molding machine is set to be 200 ℃ at the first section, 205 ℃ at the second section, 210 ℃ at the third section, 215 ℃ at the fourth section, 220 ℃ at the outlet of the injection molding machine and 90bar at the injection pressure.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to realize the structural health monitoring function of the electric melting pipe, an electrode 104 is adhered to the circumferential surface of the electric melting pipe, in this embodiment, the electrode is a copper foil electrode, and the electrode setting method may be performed according to the following steps:
(1) Polishing the position of the electrofusion pipe fitting, which needs to be adhered with the electrode 104, by using sand paper, and removing a surface oxidation layer; then wiping the surface of the pipe fitting with alcohol;
(2) After the alcohol is fully volatilized, coating a layer of conductive silver paste on the polishing position of the abrasive paper;
(3) And copper foils are adhered to the surfaces of the conductive silver pastes to serve as conductive electrodes.
The glass fiber reinforced polyethylene electric melting pipe fitting with the carbon nano tubes growing on the surface prepared by the method can realize the maximum enhancement of the bearing capacity of the electric melting pipe fitting, ensure the optimal sensitivity of the electric melting pipe fitting in structural health monitoring, discover potential failure risks in the electric melting pipe fitting in time and improve the medium conveying efficiency and the structural safety in the service process of the electric melting pipe fitting.
Claims (5)
1. A fiber reinforced plastic electric melting pipe fitting with independently regulated mechanical property and electrical property comprises an electric melting pipe fitting body embedded with a resistance wire, wherein two binding posts connected to two ends of the resistance wire respectively are arranged on the electric melting pipe fitting body; the electric melting pipe fitting is characterized in that the electric melting pipe fitting body is made of thermoplastic plastics doped with conductive fibers, and the conductive fibers are fibers with electric conductors on the surfaces; in the electric melting pipe fitting body, the mass ratio of the conductive fiber relative to the electric melting pipe fitting body is 0-40% and is not 0; in the conductive fiber, the mass ratio of the conductor to the fiber is 0-30% and is not 0;
the fibers are non-conductive fibrous materials or conductive fibrous materials; wherein, the non-conductive fibrous material is any one of glass fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, boron fiber and bamboo fiber; the conductive fibrous material is carbon fiber or polyaniline fiber;
the conductor is a carbon-based conductor or a conductive metal plating layer; wherein the carbon-based conductor is any one of a carbon nanotube, a carbon nanofiber or graphene; the conductive metal plating is a metal plating of copper, zinc or silver.
2. A fibre reinforced plastic electrofusion pipe fitting according to claim 1, characterised in that the thermoplastic is polyethylene or polypropylene.
3. A method for independently regulating and controlling mechanical properties and electrical properties of a fiber reinforced plastic electrofused pipe fitting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Growing the conductor on the surface of the fiber by a physical method or a chemical method to obtain the conductive fiber; in the conductive fiber, the mass ratio of the conductor to the fiber is 0-30% and is not 0;
the fibers are non-conductive fibrous materials or conductive fibrous materials; wherein, the non-conductive fibrous material is any one of glass fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, boron fiber and bamboo fiber; the conductive fibrous material is carbon fiber or polyaniline fiber;
the conductor is a carbon-based conductor or a conductive metal plating layer; wherein the carbon-based conductor is any one of a carbon nanotube, a carbon nanofiber or graphene; the conductive metal coating is a copper, zinc or silver metal coating;
(2) Conducting fiber and thermoplastic plastic particles are subjected to blending extrusion and injection molding processes to prepare a standard tensile sample with conductivity; in the standard tensile sample, the mass ratio of the conductive fiber to the whole standard tensile sample is 0-40% and is not 0;
(3) Determining the types of thermoplastic plastics, fibers and electric conductors and the electric conductor growing method according to a preset scheme, and then preparing a plurality of standard tensile test samples, wherein the standard tensile test samples have the conductive fibers with different electric conductor growing amounts and different conductive fiber doping ratios; installing a pair of electrodes on the surface of a standard tensile sample, and connecting the electrodes to a resistance testing device through leads; clamping a standard tensile sample in a clamp of a universal testing machine, and simultaneously carrying out a mechanical property test experiment and a conductivity test experiment to obtain data of the mechanical property and the conductivity of the material along with the change of the growth amount of the conductor and the filling amount of the conductive fiber;
(4) Analyzing the change conditions of the mechanical property and the electrical conductivity of the standard tensile sample obtained by the experiment, and correspondingly adjusting:
if the content of the conductive fibers in the electrical seepage is lower than that in the mechanical property maximum improvement, the growth amount of the electric conductors on the surfaces of the fibers needs to be reduced; if the content of the conductive fibers during the maximum improvement of the mechanical properties is lower than that during the electrical seepage, the growth amount of the conductors on the surfaces of the fibers needs to be increased; until the content of the conductive fiber when the mechanical property of the material is maximally improved is consistent with the content of the conductive fiber when the material is subjected to electrical seepage, the mechanical property enhancement and the electrical property improvement of the standard tensile sample reach optimal values under the condition;
(5) The method comprises the steps of preparing raw materials by using data of the conductor growth amount and the conductive fiber content of the fiber surface under the optimal condition, obtaining the electric melting pipe fitting according to the conventional electric melting pipe fitting preparation process, and achieving optimization of mechanical performance enhancement and structural health monitoring sensitivity at the same time.
4. A fiber reinforced plastic electrofusion pipe fitting according to claim 3, characterised in that said physical method is electrophoretic deposition or coating; the chemical method refers to a chemical vapor deposition method or a chemical reaction method.
5. A fibre reinforced plastic electrofusion pipe fitting according to claim 3, characterised in that the thermoplastic particles are polyethylene particles or polypropylene particles.
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