CN115182744A - Directional breaking device for rock - Google Patents
Directional breaking device for rock Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115182744A CN115182744A CN202210711544.3A CN202210711544A CN115182744A CN 115182744 A CN115182744 A CN 115182744A CN 202210711544 A CN202210711544 A CN 202210711544A CN 115182744 A CN115182744 A CN 115182744A
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- Prior art keywords
- directional
- rock
- air bag
- metal semi
- cylinders
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1066—Making by using boring or cutting machines with fluid jets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1053—Making by using boring or cutting machines for making a slit along the perimeter of the tunnel profile, the remaining core being removed subsequently, e.g. by blasting
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rock directional fracture device and a directional fracture method, wherein the device comprises a liquid storage tank, a hydraulic control system, a high-pressure jet device and at least one directional fracture device, the high-pressure jet device, the directional fracture device, the hydraulic control system and the liquid storage tank are connected through hydraulic pipelines, and emulsion is stored in the liquid storage tank; the directional breaker comprises two metal semi-cylinders and an air bag, the two metal semi-cylinders are movably buckled together to form a cylindrical shell, the air bag is arranged in the shell, the air bag is communicated with a hydraulic control system through a hydraulic pipeline, and the hydraulic control system can control the flow of emulsion into or out of the air bag and the pressure of the emulsion in the air bag; the center of the outer wall of each metal semi-cylinder is provided with a clamping groove along the axial direction, a cutter is movably inserted into the clamping groove, and the direction of the cutter is perpendicular to the outer wall of the metal semi-cylinder and points to the outside. The directional fracture method mainly comprises three steps of forming an initial crack by using a jet device, forming an expansion crack by using a cutter, and forming a through crack by using a metal semi-cylinder. The rock directional breaking device and the rock directional breaking method have the advantages of being high in safety, small in noise and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock crushing, in particular to a rock directional breaking device which is applicable to the aspects of directional breaking of a roadway roof, tunnel forming and the like.
Background
The rock directional fracture technology is widely applied to the industries of water conservancy, civil engineering, traffic, mines and the like, the traditional rock directional fracture is usually realized by adopting a directional blasting technology, but the problems of difficult examination and approval, high transportation risk and the like exist in the explosive, and the explosive blasting can generate huge noise and a large amount of harmful gas, so that the body health of operators is not facilitated. Therefore, the device and the method for directionally breaking the rock are high in safety, low in noise and low in cost, and the defects of the rock directional blasting technology can be overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the rock directional breaking device which is high in safety, low in noise and low in cost, so that the breaking effect of the rock in a specific direction can be realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a rock directional breaking device comprises a liquid storage tank, a hydraulic control system and at least one directional breaker, wherein the directional breaker, the hydraulic control system and the liquid storage tank are connected through a hydraulic pipeline, and emulsion is stored in the liquid storage tank; the directional breaker comprises two metal semi-cylinders and an air bag, the two metal semi-cylinders are movably buckled together to form a cylindrical shell, the air bag is arranged in the shell, the air bag is communicated with a hydraulic control system through a hydraulic pipeline, and the hydraulic control system can control the flow of emulsion into or out of the air bag and the pressure of the emulsion in the air bag; the center of the outer wall of each metal semi-cylinder is provided with a clamping groove along the axial direction, a cutter is movably inserted into the clamping groove, and the direction of the cutter is perpendicular to the outer wall of the metal semi-cylinder and points to the outside.
Further, the air bag is made of rubber and can bear high pressure of 90 MPa; the metal semi-cylinder is made of steel, and the cutting knife is made of hard alloy.
Furthermore, a sliding rail groove is formed in the interface surface of each metal semi-cylinder, a sliding rail cavity is formed after the sliding rail grooves of the two metal semi-cylinders are in butt joint, a seam is further formed in the position of an outer side seam after the two metal semi-cylinders are in butt joint, and the sliding rail cavity is communicated with the seam.
Furthermore, a pair of buckles is arranged at the interface of the two metal semi-cylinders at a certain distance, the buckles are located on the inner side of the sliding rail cavity, and the two metal semi-cylinders can be temporarily and movably connected together through the buckles.
Furthermore, a plurality of connecting grooves are formed in the inner wall of each metal semicircular cylinder, a plurality of connecting caps are arranged on the outer wall of the air bag, and one connecting cap is correspondingly embedded into one connecting groove.
Furthermore, the rock directional fracture device also comprises a high-pressure jet injection device, and the high-pressure jet injection device is connected with a hydraulic control system through a hydraulic pipeline.
Furthermore, the high-pressure jet injection device comprises a guide rod, one end of the guide rod is connected with the hydraulic pipeline, the other end of the guide rod is provided with a nozzle, pulleys are arranged on the guide rod at intervals, and the high-pressure jet injection device can freely slide along the sliding rail cavity.
The directional rock breaking method comprises the following steps: drilling a plurality of holes in a rock body, placing one directional breaker in each drilled hole, enabling the slotting direction of the directional breakers to be aligned with the rock cracking direction, moving the high-pressure jet injection device along a slide rail cavity, enabling a nozzle to be aligned with the slotting direction, and forming two initial cracks in the drilled holes; secondly, rotating the directional fracture device in the drill hole by 90 degrees to enable the two cutters to respectively align to the two initial fractures, filling emulsion into the air bag, providing high expansion pressure for the emulsion through a hydraulic control system, expanding the two metal semi-cylinders along the radial direction, simultaneously driving the cutters to impact the initial fractures, and further expanding the initial fractures to form expanded fractures; and thirdly, unloading the pressure and the emulsion in the air bag, dismantling the cutter, rotating the directional breaker in the drill hole by 90 degrees again to enable the cracking direction to be aligned with the expansion crack, filling the emulsion in the air bag again, providing high expansion pressure for the emulsion through a hydraulic control system, expanding the two metal semi-cylinders along the radial direction, and generating tensile stress at the expansion crack of the rock by utilizing the concentration action of the metal semi-cylinders so as to form a through crack between the adjacent drill holes.
Has the advantages that: the rock directional breaking device is specially designed for the structure of the directional breaker, the high-pressure jet injection device can utilize the guide of the slide rail cavity to open an initial crack on the inner wall of a drill hole, the two metal semi-cylinders can be separated under the high-pressure impact of the air bag, the cutter can expand the initial crack, the two metal semi-cylinders can further apply tensile stress to the expanded crack, and a through crack can be formed between adjacent drill holes by utilizing a three-step method, so that the directional breaking of the rock is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural composition schematic diagram of a rock directional breaking device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a high-pressure jet spray device.
FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A schematic sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 3.
Fig. 5 is a top view of a directional breaker.
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the housing of the directional breaker.
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of C-C in FIG. 6.
Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the housing of the directional breaker.
Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of region D in fig. 8.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of initial crack formation.
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an expansion crack formation.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of through crack formation.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the mechanism of final directional fracture of rock.
In the figure, 1-a liquid storage tank, 2-a hydraulic control system, 21-a hydraulic pipeline, 3-a directional breaker, 4-a high-pressure jet injection device, 41-a guide rod, 42-a pulley, 43-a nozzle, 6-a metal semi-cylinder, 61-a clamping groove, 62-a connecting groove, 63-a sliding rail cavity, 64-a buckle, 65-an end protection plate, 66-a seam, 7-an air bag, 71-a connecting cap, 8-a cutter, 9-a rock, 10-a drilling hole, 11-an initial seam, 12-an expansion seam and 13-a through seam.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the directional breaking device for the rock mainly comprises four parts, namely a directional breaker 3, a high-pressure jet injection device 4, a hydraulic control system 2 and a liquid storage tank 1, wherein the number of the directional breaker 3 and the high-pressure jet injection device 4 can be multiple, and only one is shown in each type of the device. The directional breaker 3, the high-pressure jet injection device 4, the hydraulic control system 2 and the liquid storage tank 1 are connected through a hydraulic pipeline 21. The liquid storage tank is used as an emulsion storage container and provides emulsion for the whole system during working. The hydraulic control system can increase the output emulsion pressure, can improve the emulsion pressure of the directional breaker and the high-pressure jet injection device to dozens to hundreds of megapascals, and can be connected with a plurality of directional breakers and high-pressure jet injection devices according to requirements. As shown in fig. 2, the high-pressure jet injection device 4 includes a guide rod 41, one end of the guide rod 41 is connected to the hydraulic pipeline, the other end of the guide rod is provided with a nozzle 43, and pulleys 42 are arranged on the guide rod at regular intervals.
As shown in fig. 3-5, the directional breaker 3 comprises two high-strength metal semicylinders 6 and a high-toughness air bag 7, the two metal semicylinders are movably buckled together to form a cylindrical shell, end protection plates 65 are arranged at two ends of the shell, the air bag 7 is arranged in the shell, the air bag is communicated with a hydraulic control system through a hydraulic pipeline, and the hydraulic control system can control the emulsion to flow into or out of the air bag and the pressure of the emulsion in the air bag; the air bag 7 is made of special rubber and can bear high pressure of 90 MPa. The length of the directional breaker can be determined according to the depth of the rock to be broken.
The housing is constructed as shown in fig. 6-9, wherein the housing shown in fig. 8 conceals the tip protection plate. The metal semi-cylinders are made of steel plate materials with certain thickness, a clamping groove 61 is formed in the center of the outer wall of each metal semi-cylinder along the axial direction, a cutter 8 is movably inserted into each clamping groove 61, and the direction of each cutter 8 is perpendicular to the outer wall of each metal semi-cylinder and points to the outside. The cutter is made of hard alloy, the cutting edge at the head of the cutter is wedge-shaped, the cutter is fixed on the metal semi-cylinder through the clamping groove when needed, and the cutter can be pulled out from the clamping groove when not needed. A plurality of connecting grooves 62 are formed in the inner wall of each metal semi-cylinder, a plurality of connecting caps 71 are arranged on the outer wall of the air bag 7, and one connecting cap 71 is correspondingly embedded into one connecting groove 62. Thus, the air bag 7 and the metal semi-cylinders 6 can be flexibly connected to prevent the air bag from moving freely in the shell consisting of the two semi-cylinders.
The sliding rail groove is formed in the interface surface of each metal semi-cylinder, the sliding rail grooves of the two metal semi-cylinders are in butt joint to form a sliding rail cavity 63, a seam 66 is further arranged at the position of an outer side seam formed after the two metal semi-cylinders are in butt joint, the sliding rail cavity 63 is communicated with the seam 66, and a pulley of the high-pressure jet injection device 4 can freely slide along the sliding rail cavity so as to drive the guide rod and the spray head to move.
More specifically, a pair of buckles 64 are arranged at the interface of the two metal semi-cylinders at a certain distance, the buckles 64 are positioned close to the inner wall of the semi-cylinder and positioned at the inner side of the slide rail cavity, as shown in fig. 9, a structure of the buckles is also shown in fig. 9, the buckles comprise clamping tongues and clamping seats, two side walls of the clamping seats have certain elasticity, the clamping tongues are inserted into the clamping seats, and the two metal semi-cylinders can be temporarily and movably connected together through the buckles 64 to form a shell so as to be convenient to move; meanwhile, the locking force of the buckle is far smaller than the expansion force of the air bag, namely, after high-pressure liquid is introduced into the air bag, the buckle structure is easy to disengage due to expansion, and the air bag pushes the two metal semi-cylinders to separate from each other.
The use method of the rock directional fracture device comprises the following steps:
firstly, as shown in figure 10, firstly, drilling holes in a rock body 9 through a drilling machine, wherein the diameter of each drilling hole 10 is 4-5 mm larger than the outer diameter of each directional breaker 3, and the drilling hole interval is 300-500 mm; after the drilling construction is finished, 3-5 drill holes are pre-split at one time, so that 3-5 directional breakers are inserted into the drill holes (at the moment, a hydraulic control system is simultaneously connected with 3-5 directional breakers), the two metal semi-cylinders 6 are connected into a whole through the buckles 64 before installation, the cutters are not installed, and the directions of the slits 66 of the two metal semi-cylinders 6 are aligned to the rock breaking direction when the drill holes are filled with the cutting tools. Then, a high-pressure jet injection device 4 is installed and inserted into a sliding rail cavity 63 of the directional breaker, a pulley 42 of the high-pressure jet injection device can freely slide in the sliding rail cavity 63, a nozzle is aligned with a slit 66, a pressurizing device of the hydraulic control system 2 is opened, high-pressure jet is formed in the system, the high-pressure jet injected by the nozzle 43 cuts the rock, and therefore an initial cutting slit 11 is formed, and the guide rod 41 can be lengthened according to the required depth. Each drill hole cuts one initial crack along two slide rail cavities respectively, namely, each drill hole forms two initial cracks.
The second step: after the cutting of two initial cracks is completed, the jet device is removed, as shown in fig. 11, the directional breaker 3 is rotated by 90 degrees, so that the clamping groove 61 of the metal semi-cylinder 6 is aligned to the initial crack, namely the rock breaking direction, the two cutters 8 are respectively inserted into the clamping grooves 61 arranged on the metal semi-cylinder 6, and then the emulsion in the liquid storage tank 1 is slowly conveyed into the high-toughness air bag 7 through the hydraulic pipeline 21 by the hydraulic control system 2 until the whole system is filled with the emulsion. Instantaneous high expansion pressure is provided for the high-tenacity air bag 7 through the hydraulic control system 2, the buckle 64 can be automatically unfastened when meeting the outward expansion force, the high expansion pressure drives the cutter 8 to impact the initial cutting crack through the metal semi-cylinder 6, and the initial cutting crack is further expanded and widened into an expansion crack 12.
The third step: as shown in fig. 13, the pressure of the whole system is unloaded through the hydraulic control system 2, all the cutters 8 are removed, the directional breaker 3 is rotated in the reverse direction by 90 degrees, the slit of the metal semi-cylinder 6 is aligned with the expansion crack, namely the cracking direction of the rock, the hydraulic control system 2 provides instantaneous high expansion pressure for the high-toughness air bag 7 again, due to the action of the gathering force of the high-strength metal semi-cylinder 6, the high-toughness air bag generates tensile stress in the cracking direction of the rock (the direction corresponding to the slit of the metal semi-cylinder 6), and generates compressive stress in the non-cracking direction, due to the characteristic that the rock resists pulling, the expansion crack formed by jet cutting and cutter impact is combined, so that the tensile crack is generated in the set direction of the rock, the final through crack 13 is formed, if the complete through crack through is not realized in one time, the impact can be repeated until the rock generates the through crack in the set cracking direction, and the purpose of the directional cracking of the rock is achieved, and the cracking effect of adjacent drilling holes is shown in fig. 13.
Optionally, the initial crack in the first step may be cut and excavated by other tools, but it is convenient to use a high-pressure jet injection device, so that a hydraulic control system may be shared, and a sliding rail cavity may be used for guiding to facilitate cutting. Meanwhile, for rock masses with not too high hardness, the initial crack can be formed by directly impacting the cutter in the second step without forming the initial crack by using a high-pressure jet injection device. Can be flexibly adjusted in practical use.
In a word, above-mentioned directional burst device of rock passes through high-pressure jet cutting, cutter impact and metal semicircle tube combined action such as stretch-draw, can realize the effective fracture of rock in setting for the direction to have the security height, advantage such as little, the cost is low of noise, thereby remedied the shortcoming of directional blasting technique of rock to a certain extent.
Claims (7)
1. A directional breaking device of rock which characterized in that: the device comprises a liquid storage tank, a hydraulic control system and at least one directional breaker, wherein the directional breaker, the hydraulic control system and the liquid storage tank are connected through a hydraulic pipeline, and emulsion is stored in the liquid storage tank; the directional breaker comprises two metal semi-cylinders and an air bag, the two metal semi-cylinders are movably buckled together to form a cylindrical shell, the air bag is arranged in the shell, the air bag is communicated with a hydraulic control system through a hydraulic pipeline, and the hydraulic control system can control the flow of emulsion into or out of the air bag and the pressure of the emulsion in the air bag; the center of the outer wall of each metal semi-cylinder is provided with a clamping groove along the axial direction, a cutter is movably inserted into the clamping groove, and the direction of the cutter is perpendicular to the outer wall of the metal semi-cylinder and points to the outside.
2. A directional rock breaking apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the air bag is made of rubber and can bear high pressure of 90 MPa; the metal semi-cylinder is made of steel, and the cutter is made of hard alloy.
3. A directional rock breaking device according to claim 1, wherein: the sliding rail groove is formed in the interface surface of each metal semi-cylinder, the sliding rail grooves of the two metal semi-cylinders are in butt joint to form a sliding rail cavity, a seam is further formed in the position of an outer side seam formed after the two metal semi-cylinders are in butt joint, and the sliding rail cavity is communicated with the seam.
4. A rock directional breaking device according to claim 3, wherein: a pair of buckles are arranged at the joint of the two metal semi-cylinders at a certain interval, the buckles are located on the inner side of the sliding rail cavity, and the two metal semi-cylinders can be temporarily movably connected together through the buckles.
5. A directional rock breaking apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a plurality of connecting grooves are formed in the inner wall of each metal semicircular cylinder, a plurality of connecting caps are arranged on the outer wall of the air bag, and one connecting cap is correspondingly embedded into one connecting groove.
6. A directional rock breaking apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the rock directional breaking device also comprises a high-pressure jet injection device, and the high-pressure jet injection device is connected with a hydraulic control system through a hydraulic pipeline; the high-pressure jet injection device comprises a guide rod, one end of the guide rod is connected with a hydraulic pipeline, the other end of the guide rod is provided with a nozzle, pulleys are arranged on the guide rod at intervals, and the high-pressure jet injection device can freely slide along a sliding rail cavity.
7. A rock directional fracturing method comprises the following steps: drilling a plurality of holes in a rock body, placing one directional breaker in each drilled hole, enabling the slotting direction of the directional breakers to be aligned with the rock cracking direction, moving the high-pressure jet injection device along a slide rail cavity, enabling a nozzle to be aligned with the slotting direction, and forming two initial cracks in the drilled holes; secondly, rotating the directional fracture device in the drill hole by 90 degrees to enable the two cutters to respectively align to the two initial fractures, filling emulsion into the air bag, providing high expansion pressure for the emulsion through a hydraulic control system, expanding the two metal semi-cylinders along the radial direction, simultaneously driving the cutters to impact the initial fractures, and further expanding the initial fractures to form expanded fractures; and thirdly, unloading the pressure and the emulsion in the air bag, dismantling the cutter, rotating the directional breaker in the drill hole by 90 degrees again to enable the cracking direction to be aligned with the expansion crack, filling the emulsion in the air bag again, providing high expansion pressure for the emulsion through a hydraulic control system, expanding the two metal semi-cylinders along the radial direction, and generating tensile stress at the expansion crack of the rock by utilizing the concentration action of the metal semi-cylinders so as to form a through crack between the adjacent drill holes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210711544.3A CN115182744A (en) | 2022-06-22 | 2022-06-22 | Directional breaking device for rock |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210711544.3A CN115182744A (en) | 2022-06-22 | 2022-06-22 | Directional breaking device for rock |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115182744A true CN115182744A (en) | 2022-10-14 |
Family
ID=83516353
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210711544.3A Pending CN115182744A (en) | 2022-06-22 | 2022-06-22 | Directional breaking device for rock |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115182744A (en) |
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2022
- 2022-06-22 CN CN202210711544.3A patent/CN115182744A/en active Pending
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