CN114961682A - Hydraulic fracturing device and fracturing construction method thereof - Google Patents
Hydraulic fracturing device and fracturing construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114961682A CN114961682A CN202210421537.XA CN202210421537A CN114961682A CN 114961682 A CN114961682 A CN 114961682A CN 202210421537 A CN202210421537 A CN 202210421537A CN 114961682 A CN114961682 A CN 114961682A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/261—Separate steps of (1) cementing, plugging or consolidating and (2) fracturing or attacking the formation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/126—Packers; Plugs with fluid-pressure-operated elastic cup or skirt
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic fracturing device and a fracturing construction method thereof, wherein the hydraulic fracturing device comprises at least two packers, the packers are arranged in a drill hole, the adjacent packers are communicated in series through a high-pressure pipe, at least one packer is communicated with a first high-pressure water source through the high-pressure pipe, and the hydraulic fracturing device also comprises: the hollow steel pipe sequentially penetrates through the packers along the extension direction of the drill hole, two ends of the hollow steel pipe penetrate through the packers to form a first extending end and a second extending end, a water hole communicated with the drill hole is configured in the hollow steel pipe between every two adjacent packers, the first extending end is communicated with a second high-pressure water source, and the second extending end is connected with a one-way valve, so that when the water pressure in the interior of the hollow steel pipe is smaller than the water pressure in the drill hole except the packers, the one-way valve is communicated. This hydraulic fracturing device can realize the release of the interior high pressure water of drilling, prevents that the packer from dashing out, avoids causing hydraulic fracturing device's damage and causes the security threat to personnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal rock mining, in particular to a hydraulic fracturing device and a fracturing construction method thereof.
Background
The hydraulic fracturing technology is from the petroleum industry, and the basic principle is as follows: injecting high-pressure fluid into the coal rock stratum to generate cracks or expand natural cracks to form an artificial crack network, so that the aims of improving the rock stratum structure, increasing the permeability of the coal bed or a reservoir stratum, treating a hard roof of a coal mine, cutting the roof and relieving pressure, preventing rock burst and the like are fulfilled. Compared with the traditional blasting technology, the hydraulic fracturing technology has the advantages of small engineering quantity, high safety, low pollution, low cost, low requirement on operation sites and the like, is widely used in the fields of oil and gas exploitation, ground stress measurement, geothermal resource development and the like, and is gradually popularized and used in mineral engineering.
Mine and tunnel hydraulic fracturing techniques are typically single seal fracturing and double seal fracturing. The single-seal fracturing mainly adopts a single capsule to seal the drilled hole and can fracture all the drilled hole parts at the front end of the hole packer; double seal fracturing uses a packer to first inflate two capsules, then fracture the portion of the borehole between the two capsules, and move in sections to fracture the thick hard rock formation in sections.
Due to the single-seal fracturing method, one drilling hole can be fractured once, and the number of generated fractures cannot meet the technical requirement, so that the single-seal fracturing method is gradually eliminated. The double-seal fracturing can be used for segmenting and layering fracturing of thick hard rock formations and precisely fracturing hard rock formations, so that the application range of the double-seal fracturing is wider.
The existing application is widely a double-seal fracturing method adopting a packer. The packer can be used for fracturing and can be fixed at any position of a drill hole according to design, so that accurate fracturing of a hard coal rock layer is realized; meanwhile, the packer can be sequentially moved to the next section after the previous section of fracturing technology in the same drilling hole, and the sequential operation is carried out. Thereby fracturing thick and hard rock layers in sections and greatly improving the fracturing effect. The double-seal fracturing can be used for segmenting and layering fracturing of thick hard rock formations and precisely fracturing hard rock formations, so that the application range of the double-seal fracturing is wider. However, in the double-seal hydraulic fracturing construction process, the phenomenon that the packer punches a hole universally exists, namely the packer pushes out the packer together with a water injection steel pipe at a high speed under the action of high water pressure at the inner section of a drilled hole, so that the steel pipe and the packer are easily damaged, and even the safety threat to personnel is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems and requirements, the hydraulic fracturing device and the fracturing construction method thereof can achieve the technical purpose and bring other technical effects due to the adoption of the following technical characteristics.
One object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic fracturing device, comprising,
the packer, including two at least inflation capsules, the inflation capsule is installed in the drilling, connects through high-pressure tube looks series connection intercommunication between the adjacent inflation capsule, and wherein at least one inflation capsule is linked together through high-pressure tube and first high-pressure water source, still includes:
the hollow steel pipe sequentially penetrates through the expansion capsules along the extension direction of the drill hole, two ends of the hollow steel pipe penetrate through the expansion capsules to form a first extending end and a second extending end, a water hole communicated with the drill hole is configured in the hollow steel pipe between every two adjacent expansion capsules, the first extending end is communicated with a second high-pressure water source, and the second extending end is connected with a one-way valve, so that when the water pressure in the interior of the hollow steel pipe is smaller than the water pressure in the drill hole except the packer, the one-way valve is communicated.
In the technical scheme, during fracturing construction, a first high-pressure water source injects water into expansion capsules to expand the expansion capsules, so that a drill hole between two adjacent expansion capsules forms a closed space, then a second high-pressure water source injects water into a hollow steel pipe, high-pressure water is discharged from a water hole to the closed space and fractures a rock stratum, in the process, the water pressure inside the hollow steel pipe is greater than the pressure in an external drill hole, and a one-way valve is closed; after the fracturing is finished, the second high-pressure water source stops injecting water into the hollow steel pipe, the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe is gradually reduced, when the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe is reduced to zero, the one-way valve is opened, and the reverse-flowing high-pressure water in the rock stratum flows out through the one-way valve in the drill hole until the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe and the drill hole is reduced to 0 Mpa; opening a pressure release valve of the packer, releasing pressure and contracting the packer, moving the hydraulic fracturing device to the next section of the drilled hole, and repeating the operation until fracturing is completed; this hydraulic fracturing device can realize the release of the interior high pressure water of drilling, prevents that the packer from dashing out, avoids causing hydraulic fracturing device's damage and causes the security threat to personnel.
In addition, the hydraulic fracturing device and the construction method thereof according to the invention can also have the following technical characteristics:
in one example of the present invention, the check valve includes:
the valve comprises a valve body, a valve body and a valve body, wherein a guide cavity is formed inside the valve body, and a first port and a second port which are opened are formed in two ends of the guide cavity;
a valve ball fitted at the second port;
an elastic member having one end coupled to the guide chamber and the other end coupled to the valve ball such that the valve ball has a tendency to move from the first port toward the second port to close off the second port.
In one example of the present invention, the guide cavity includes a first chamber and a second chamber which are sequentially communicated along the first direction, and a protrusion is formed at a junction of the first chamber and the second chamber, so that an outer diameter of a portion of the second chamber, which is communicated with the first chamber, is smaller than an outer diameter of the valve ball.
In one example of the invention, the high pressure tube between two adjacent expansion capsules is a hose.
In one example of the present invention, the water hole includes a plurality of water holes, and the plurality of water holes are arranged at intervals along an extending direction of the hollow steel pipe.
In one example of the present invention, the pressure value of the first high pressure water source is 10Mpa to 15Mpa, and the pressure value of the second high pressure water source is 15Mpa to 70 Mpa.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a hydraulic fracturing device as described above, comprising the steps of:
s10: drilling a borehole in the rock formation;
s20: installing a hydraulic fracturing device assembled in advance at a specified position of the drill hole, injecting a first high-pressure water source into the expansion capsules through a high-pressure pipe, expanding the expansion capsules, and forming a closed space between every two adjacent expansion capsules;
s30: injecting water into the hollow steel pipe by a second high-pressure water source, discharging high-pressure water from the water hole to the closed space and fracturing a rock stratum, wherein in the process, the water pressure inside the hollow steel pipe is greater than the pressure in the external drilled hole, and the one-way valve is closed;
s40: after fracturing is finished, a second high-pressure water source stops injecting water into the hollow steel pipe, a pressure relief valve arranged on a main pipeline at the tail end of the hollow steel pipe is opened, water pressure in the hollow steel pipe is gradually reduced, when the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe is reduced to zero, a one-way valve is opened, and reverse-flow high-pressure water in a rock stratum flows out through the one-way valve in a drilling hole until the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe and the drilling hole is reduced to 0 Mpa;
s50: and opening a pressure relief valve of the packer, relieving the pressure of the packer and contracting, moving the hydraulic fracturing device to the next section of the drilled hole, and repeating the steps from S20 to S40 until fracturing is completed.
In one example of the invention, the high pressure tube between two adjacent expansion capsules is a hose.
The following description of the preferred embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be made in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the features and advantages of the present invention can be easily understood.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. Wherein the drawings are only for purposes of illustrating some embodiments of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention to all embodiments thereof.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a hydraulic fracturing device of the prior art (a state before expansion of an expansion capsule) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art hydraulic fracturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention (expanded capsule expanded state);
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view (punching state) of a hydraulic fracturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic fracturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a check valve according to an embodiment of the present invention.
List of reference numerals:
drilling a hole 200;
an enclosed space 210;
an existing hydraulic fracturing apparatus 100';
a hydraulic fracturing apparatus 100;
a packer 110;
a high-pressure pipe 120;
a hollow steel pipe 130;
a first protruding end 131;
a second protruding end 132;
a check valve 140;
a valve body 141;
a guide cavity 142;
the first chamber 1421;
a second chamber 1422;
a first port 142A;
a second port 142B;
a valve ball 143;
an elastic member 144;
a protrusion 145;
and a solid head 150.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of specific embodiments of the present invention. Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the description and claims of the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Also, the use of the terms "a" or "an" and the like do not necessarily denote a limitation of quantity. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
The hydraulic fracturing technology is originally derived from the petroleum industry, is mainly used for oil and gas development, is gradually and widely applied to aspects of coal mine roof treatment, coal bed permeability increase, rock burst prevention and control, roof cutting and pressure relief, in-situ ground stress measurement and the like at present, and is used for rock burst treatment and geothermal resource development of deep tunnels and metal mines. The method also has important application prospects in the fields of underground gasification, combustible ice development and the like.
The treatment of hard roofs in coal mines, the burst promotion of hard top coals on fully mechanized caving faces, rock burst, the gas extraction of low-permeability coal seams and the like are technical problems which restrict the safe and efficient mining of the coal mines. The common method for solving the technical problems relates to the coal-rock mass hydraulic fracturing technology, namely, the hydraulic fracture is artificially added in the coal-rock mass to carry out structural modification, so that the strength weakening, the fracture lumpiness, the permeability improvement and the like are realized. In recent years, mechanical cutting efficiency is reduced due to mechanical tunneling of rock roadways and invasion of fully mechanized coal mining faces in fault or conglomerate, and hydraulic pre-splitting is needed to weaken hard rock bodies.
The basic principle of hydraulic fracturing is as follows: firstly, a drilling hole is constructed in a specified coal seam or rock stratum, and high-pressure water is injected into a coal body or rock body by using a high-pressure pump, so that primary joints are formed. The fracture is expanded or a new fracture is generated to form a hydraulic fracture with a certain shape. The method can solve the technical problems of fracture/weakening of a hard top plate, collapse acceleration and block degree control of hard top coal, stress transfer amount control, reduction of rock burst danger, coal seam/reservoir fracturing permeability increase and the like in a coal mine, can realize pre-fracture softening of a rock roadway to be tunneled and a coal face fault and an invaded rock body through a hydraulic fracturing technology, improves block degree control of the ore body through seam networking pre-fracture of a metal mine ore body, reduces the use of initiating explosive devices, and ensures safe and efficient mining of coal and metal mines.
Compared with the traditional blasting technology, the hydraulic fracturing technology has the advantages of small engineering quantity, high safety, low pollution, low cost, small requirement on an operation site and the like. Therefore, hydraulic fracturing is an important technology for replacing gunpowder blasting in mines.
The construction of hydraulic fracturing mainly comprises three steps: punching, water injection fracturing and effect observation. In the water injection fracturing step, firstly, the hole sealing equipment connected with the high-pressure pipeline is conveyed to a set position of the drill hole 200, then, the packer 110 is pressed and expanded to achieve the purpose of sealing the drill hole 200, then, a pump is further started to inject water into the drill hole 200 through the hollow hole sealing device, and the coal or rock is fractured.
In the hydraulic fracturing construction, the hole sealing device is a very key device, and the hole sealing effect, the reliability and the operation efficiency directly determine the hydraulic fracturing implementation effect. At present, the fracturing modes can be divided into single-seal fracturing and double-seal fracturing according to different hole sealing modes, wherein the single-seal fracturing adopts a hole sealing device with a single capsule to seal holes, namely after the capsule of the hole sealing device expands, a front section one-way valve 140 of the hole sealing device is opened, and then high-pressure water flows out of the inner part of a fracturing drill hole 200 from the front section of the hole sealing device; the conventional hydraulic fracturing device 100' uses a packer 110 in which two capsules are connected in series to seal a hole, that is, after the packer 110 is expanded, high-pressure water enters the middle part of the two expanded capsules, thereby fracturing the borehole 200. Due to the single-seal fracturing method, one drilling hole 200 can be fractured only once, and the number of generated fractures does not meet the technical requirements, so that the drilling hole is gradually eliminated.
The existing hydraulic fracturing apparatus 100' that is currently in widespread use is a dual seal fracturing method that employs a packer 110. Because the fracturing by using the packer 110 can be fixed at any position of the drill hole 200 according to the design, the accurate fracturing of the hard coal rock layer is realized; meanwhile, the packers 110 may be sequentially moved to the next section after the previous fracturing technique in the same borehole 200, and the operations are sequentially performed. Thereby fracturing thick and hard rock layers in sections and greatly improving the fracturing effect. The double-seal fracturing can be used for segmenting and layering fracturing of thick hard rock formations and precisely fracturing hard rock formations, so that the application range of the double-seal fracturing is wider.
In the specific construction process of double-seal fracturing, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the double-seal packer 110 has two water paths: the first water path is a manual pump for connecting the capsule of the packer 110 with the outside, and aims to expand the capsule of the packer 110 by adopting a manual pump to pressurize; the second water path is connected with the water outlet between the two capsules of the packer 110 and the high-pressure water injection pump, and aims to enable the high-pressure water output by the high-pressure water injection pump to enter the two capsules to promote the rock stratum to be broken. During fracturing, high-pressure water is injected through the hollow steel pipe 130 to release the high-pressure water through the round small opening of the hollow steel pipe 130, so that the packer 110 is expanded, the two sides of the drill hole 200 are blocked by the packer 110, and hydraulic fracturing is performed. When the pressure is relieved, the packer 110 is relieved after the water in the drill pipe flows out.
However, in the hydraulic fracturing construction process, because the end of the packer 110 is sealed by the solid seal head 150, the phenomenon that the packer 110 punches a hole commonly exists, namely, the packer 110 pushes out the packer 110 and the water injection steel pipe at a high speed under the action of high water pressure in the inner section of the drilled hole 200, so that the steel pipe and the packer 110 are easily damaged, and even safety threats are caused to personnel. The mechanism by which the packer 110 punches is: when the lower section is fractured, the crack is communicated with the crack of the inner section of the drill hole 200 and enters the inner section of the drill hole 200 through the crack of the inner section. When the fracturing process is finished, the rock stratum is quickly closed to force high-pressure water in the rock stratum to flow backwards, and if the pressure relief capsule of the packer 110 is contracted, the punching phenomenon that the packer 110 and the water injection steel pipe fly out can occur.
How to eliminate the phenomenon of preventing the packer 110 from kicking out during such hydraulic fracturing? Most importantly, the high-pressure water which closes and returns the accumulated rock stratum in the section of the drill hole 200 is released in advance before the packer 110 is decompressed and shrunk, so that the construction safety can be ensured. Aiming at the problem, the novel hole sealing device for preventing the punched hole is invented.
A hydraulic fracturing apparatus 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, comprises,
the packer 110 comprises at least two expansion capsules 111, the expansion capsules 111 are installed in the borehole 200, the adjacent expansion capsules 111 are communicated in series through a high-pressure pipe 120, and at least one expansion capsule 111 is communicated with a first high-pressure water source through the high-pressure pipe 120; the borehole 200 is a blind hole opened in the formation, and a closed space is formed in the borehole by installing the packer 110 in the borehole 200 after the packer 110 is inflated.
Further comprising: the hollow steel pipe 130 sequentially penetrates through the expansion capsules 111 along the extension direction of the drill hole 200, two ends of the hollow steel pipe penetrate through the expansion capsules 111 to form a first extending end 131 and a second extending end 132, a water hole 133 communicated with the drill hole 200 is configured in the hollow steel pipe 130 between every two adjacent expansion capsules 111, the first extending end 131 is communicated with a second high-pressure water source, and the second extending end 132 is connected with the one-way valve 140, so that when the water pressure in the interior of the hollow steel pipe 130 is smaller than that in the drill hole 200 except the packer 110, the one-way valve 140 is communicated; otherwise, the check valve 140 is closed. It should be noted that the expansion capsule 111 and the hollow steel tube 130 are independent from each other, and the hollow steel tube 130 only penetrates through the expansion capsule 111, and there is no connection relationship between the two.
That is, during the fracturing construction, water is injected into the expansion capsules 111 from the first high-pressure water source to expand the expansion capsules 111, so that the drill holes 200 between two adjacent expansion capsules 111 form the closed space 210, then water is injected into the hollow steel tube 130 from the second high-pressure water source, high-pressure water is discharged into the closed space 210 from the water holes 133 and fractures the rock stratum, in the process, the water pressure inside the hollow steel tube 130 is greater than the water pressure inside the external drill holes 200, and the one-way valve 140 is closed; after the fracturing is finished, the second high-pressure water source stops injecting water into the hollow steel pipe 130, the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 is gradually reduced, when the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 is reduced to zero, the one-way valve 140 is opened, and the reverse-flowing high-pressure water in the rock stratum in the drill hole 200 flows outwards through the one-way valve 140 until the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 and the water pressure in the drill hole 200 are both reduced to 0 Mpa; opening a pressure relief valve of the packer 110, relieving pressure and contracting the packer 110, moving the hydraulic fracturing device 100 to the next section of the borehole 200, and repeating the operation until fracturing is completed; the hydraulic fracturing device 100 can realize pressure relief of high-pressure water in the drill hole 200, prevent the packer 110 from rushing out, and avoid damage to the hydraulic fracturing device 100 and safety threat to personnel.
In one example of the present invention, the check valve 140 includes:
a valve body 141 having a guide chamber 142 therein, and the guide chamber 142 having a first port 142A and a second port 142B opened at both ends thereof;
a valve ball 143 fitted in the second port 142B;
an elastic member 144 having one end coupled to the guide chamber 142 and the other end coupled to the valve ball 143 such that the valve ball 143 has a tendency to move from the first port 142A toward the second port 142B to close off the second port 142B;
that is, when water is injected into the hollow steel pipe 130 from the second high-pressure water source, the high-pressure water is discharged into the sealed space 210 through the water hole 133 and fractures the rock formation, in the process, the water pressure inside the hollow steel pipe 130 is higher than the pressure inside the external bore 200, the valve ball 143 always abuts against the second port 142B under the action of the water pressure and the elastic member 144, and the check valve 140 is in a closed state; and after the fracturing is finished, the second high-pressure water source stops injecting water into the hollow steel pipe 130, the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 is gradually reduced, and when the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 is reduced to zero, the valve ball 143 in the drill hole 200 is pushed by the reverse-flowing high pressure in the rock stratum to move in the direction of the first port 142A away from the second port 142B, so that the one-way valve 140 is in an opened state.
In an example of the present invention, the guide cavity 142 includes a first chamber 1421 and a second chamber 1422 sequentially communicated with each other along a first direction, and a protrusion 145 is formed at a connection portion of the first chamber 1421 and the second chamber 1422, so that an outer diameter of a portion of the second chamber 1422 connected with the first chamber 1421 is smaller than an outer diameter of the valve ball 143;
that is, the outer diameter of the valve ball 143 is smaller than the outer diameter of the first chamber 1421, so that the valve ball 143 can reciprocate along the extending direction of the first chamber 1421 under the action of the elastic member 144; due to the protrusion 145, the outer diameter of the valve ball 143 is larger than the inner diameter of the connection between the second chamber 1422 and the first chamber 1421, so that the valve ball 143 can be stopped by the protrusion 145, thereby closing the guide cavity 142;
specifically, when water is injected into the hollow steel pipe 130 from the second high-pressure water source, the high-pressure water is discharged into the sealed space 210 through the water hole 133 and fractures the rock stratum, in the process, the water pressure inside the hollow steel pipe 130 is greater than the pressure inside the external drill hole 200, and under the action of the water pressure and the elastic member 144, the valve ball 143 always abuts against the protrusion 145, so that the guide cavity 142 is closed, and the check valve 140 is in a closed state; and after the fracturing is finished, the second high-pressure water source stops injecting water into the hollow steel pipe 130, the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 is gradually reduced, when the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 is reduced to zero, the valve ball 143 in the drill hole 200 is pushed by the reverse-flow high pressure in the rock stratum to move in the direction of the first port 142A away from the second port 142B, the valve ball 143 is separated from the protrusion 145, and therefore the guide cavity 142 is communicated, and the one-way valve 140 is in an opened state.
In one example of the present invention, the high pressure tube 120 between two adjacent expansion capsules 111 is a hose; preferably, the inner diameter of the high-pressure pipe 120 is 4mm to 6 mm.
Because the expansion capsules 111 can expand after being injected with the first high-pressure water source, and the expansion capsules 111 are communicated in series, two adjacent expansion capsules 111 can successively expand, so that the two expansion capsules 111 can deform and deviate, and the high-pressure pipe 120 connecting the two expansion capsules 111 moves and deforms.
In one example of the present invention, the water hole 133 has an oblong configuration; the long circle structure is a graph formed by drawing a circle along a straight line or an arc line at two ends of the circle, wherein two points on the same straight line on the circle are selected or two arc lines at two ends of the circle are selected and are symmetrical about the circle. For example, the oblong configuration of the water holes 133 may be as shown in FIG. 4. The water holes 133 are formed in a long circular structure to increase the flow rate of the water holes 133.
In one example of the present invention, the water holes 133 include a plurality, and the plurality of water holes 133 are arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the hollow steel pipe 130;
by providing the water holes 133 along the extending direction of the hollow steel pipe 130, the rock formation is more uniformly fractured in the closed space 210 between the two adjacent expansion capsules 111, and the fracturing effect is better.
In one example of the present invention, the pressure value of the first high pressure water source is 10Mpa to 15Mpa, and the pressure value of the second high pressure water source is 15Mpa to 70 Mpa;
generally, the high pressure pipe 120 is communicated with a first high pressure pump to pump high pressure water having a pressure value of 10 to 15Mpa into the expansion capsule 111, and the hollow steel pipe 130 is communicated with a second high pressure pump to pump high pressure water having a pressure value of 15 to 70Mpa into the hollow steel pipe 130.
A construction method of the hydraulic fracturing device 100 according to the second aspect of the invention, as described above, comprises the following steps:
s10: creating a borehole 200 in the formation;
s20: installing a preassembled hydraulic fracturing device 100 at a designated position of the drill hole 200, injecting a first high-pressure water source into the expansion capsules 111 through the high-pressure pipe 120, so that the expansion capsules 111 expand, and a closed space 210 is formed between every two adjacent expansion capsules 111;
s30: a second high-pressure water source injects water into the hollow steel pipe 130, the high-pressure water is discharged from the water holes 133 to the closed space 210 and fractures the rock stratum, in the process, the water pressure inside the hollow steel pipe 130 is greater than the pressure inside the external drill hole 200, and the check valve 140 is closed;
s40: after the fracturing is finished, the second high-pressure water source stops injecting water into the hollow steel pipe 130, the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 is gradually reduced, when the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 is reduced to zero, the one-way valve 140 is opened, and the reverse-flowing high-pressure water in the rock stratum in the drill hole 200 flows outwards through the one-way valve 140 until the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe 130 and the water pressure in the drill hole 200 are both reduced to 0 Mpa;
s50: opening a pressure relief valve of the packer 110, relieving pressure of the packer 110 and contracting, moving the hydraulic fracturing device 100 to the next section of the borehole 200 and repeating the steps S20-S40 until fracturing is completed.
That is, the hydraulic fracturing apparatus 100 is used to fracture the borehole 200 in stages, greatly improving the fracturing effect; by the aid of the fracturing method, high-pressure water in the drill hole 200 can be relieved to prevent the packer 110 from rushing out, and damage to the hydraulic fracturing device 100 and safety threats to personnel are avoided.
Although the exemplary embodiment of the hydraulic fracturing unit 100 and the method for constructing the same according to the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, and various combinations of the various features and structures of the present invention can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A hydraulic fracturing device comprises a hydraulic fracturing unit,
a packer (110) comprising at least two expansion capsules (111), wherein the expansion capsules (111) are installed in a borehole (200), and adjacent expansion capsules (111) are communicated in series through a high-pressure pipe (120), wherein at least one expansion capsule (111) is communicated with a first high-pressure water source through the high-pressure pipe (120), the packer is characterized by further comprising:
the hollow steel pipe (130) sequentially penetrates through the expansion capsules (111) along the extension direction of the drill hole (200), two ends of the hollow steel pipe penetrate through the expansion capsules (111) to form a first extending end (131) and a second extending end (132), a water hole (133) communicated with the drill hole (200) is configured in the hollow steel pipe (130) between every two adjacent expansion capsules (111), the first extending end (131) is communicated with a second high-pressure water source, and the second extending end (132) is connected with the one-way valve (140), so that when the water pressure in the interior of the hollow steel pipe (130) is smaller than that in the drill hole (200) outside the packer (110), the one-way valve (140) is communicated.
2. The hydraulic fracturing device of claim 1,
the one-way valve (140) comprises:
a valve body (141) having a guide chamber (142) therein, and having a first port (142A) and a second port (142B) opened at both ends of the guide chamber (142);
a valve ball (143) fitted at the second port (142B);
an elastic member (144) having one end coupled to the guide chamber (142) and the other end coupled to the valve ball (143) such that the valve ball (143) has a tendency to move from the first port (142A) toward the second port (142B) to close off the second port (142B).
3. The hydraulic fracturing device of claim 2,
the guide cavity (142) comprises a first chamber (1421) and a second chamber (1422) which are sequentially communicated along a first direction, and a protrusion (145) is formed at the joint of the first chamber (1421) and the second chamber (1422), so that the outer diameter of the part of the second chamber (1422) communicated with the first chamber (1421) is smaller than that of the valve ball (143).
4. The hydraulic fracturing device of claim 1,
the high-pressure pipe (120) between two adjacent expansion capsules (111) is a hose.
5. The hydraulic fracturing device of claim 1,
the pressure value of the first high-pressure water source is 10-15 Mpa, and the pressure value of the second high-pressure water source is 15-70 Mpa.
6. The hydraulic fracturing device of claim 5,
the water holes (133) are arranged in a plurality of intervals along the extending direction of the hollow steel pipe (130).
7. The hydraulic fracturing device of claim 1,
the pressure value of the first high-pressure water source is 10-15 Mpa, and the pressure value of the second high-pressure water source is 15-70 Mpa.
8. A method of constructing a hydraulic fracturing apparatus according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s10: -opening a borehole (200) in a rock formation;
s20: installing a preassembled hydraulic fracturing device (100) at a designated position of the drill hole (200), injecting a first high-pressure water source into the expansion capsules (111) through a high-pressure pipe (120), expanding the expansion capsules (111), and forming a closed space (210) between every two adjacent expansion capsules (111);
s30: injecting water into the hollow steel pipe (130) by a second high-pressure water source, discharging high-pressure water from the water holes (133) to the closed space (210) and fracturing a rock stratum, wherein the water pressure inside the hollow steel pipe (130) is greater than the pressure inside the external drill hole (200) in the process, and the check valve (140) is closed;
s40: after fracturing is finished, a second high-pressure water source stops injecting water into the hollow steel pipe (130), a pressure relief valve arranged on a main pipeline at the tail end of the hollow steel pipe (130) is opened, water pressure in the hollow steel pipe (130) is gradually reduced, when the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe (130) is reduced to zero, the one-way valve (140) is opened, and reverse-flowing high-pressure water in a rock stratum flows out through the one-way valve (140) in the drill hole (200) until the water pressure in the hollow steel pipe (130) and the water pressure in the drill hole (200) are reduced to 0 Mpa;
s50: and opening a pressure relief valve of the packer (110), relieving pressure and contracting the packer (110), moving the hydraulic fracturing device (100) to the next section of the borehole (200) and repeating the steps from S20 to S40 until fracturing is completed.
9. The hydraulic fracturing construction method according to claim 8,
the high-pressure pipe (120) between two adjacent expansion capsules (111) is a hose.
10. The hydraulic fracturing construction method according to claim 8,
the pressure value of the first high-pressure water source is 10-15 Mpa, and the pressure value of the second high-pressure water source is 15-70 Mpa.
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