CN115182099A - Preparation method and application of bi-component degradable elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of bi-component degradable elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material Download PDFInfo
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
- D04H3/147—Composite yarns or filaments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/16—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
- D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
- D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H3/011—Polyesters
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
- D04H3/11—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/10—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyurethanes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/061—Load-responsive characteristics elastic
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a bicomponent degradable elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Introducing CO 2 The base polyurethane and the polylactic acid are respectively arranged in different screw extrusion devices, are extruded into a metering pump after being melted at high temperature, and are not required to be metered and regulated by different flow ratesExtruding the same melt into die head channels of the skin layer and the core layer respectively; (2) Extruding the mixture through a spinneret orifice to form a bicomponent melt with a sheath-core structure, cooling and drafting the bicomponent melt through cross-blowing airflow to form continuous filaments which are condensed on a net curtain, hot rolling and bonding the filaments through a roller, and cooling the filaments to obtain the spunbonded non-woven material. The spun-bonded non-woven material prepared by the invention can be completely degraded, has high resilience and good softness, and has good application prospect in the aspect of surface layer materials of sanitary care products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of non-woven materials, in particular to a preparation method and application of a bi-component degradable elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material.
Background
The degradable polylactic acid spunbonded nonwoven material is adopted to replace the existing petroleum-based olefin spunbonded nonwoven material, which is a necessary trend of green development, but the polylactic acid material has brittle performance, so that the nonwoven material prepared from a single polylactic acid material cannot meet the actual application requirements in strength and elasticity. In order to improve the elasticity, strength and other properties of the polylactic acid-based nonwoven material, a method of adding polyurethane into a polylactic acid polymer or coating polylactic acid fibers with high molecular weight polyurethane is often adopted to realize the preparation of the elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded nonwoven material, thereby widening the application field of the polylactic acid spun-bonded nonwoven material, such as a skin-friendly material on the surface layer of a high-elasticity and high-flexibility sanitary care product.
The patent CN103255503B discloses a preparation method of elastic polylactic acid fiber, wherein polyurethane with high elasticity is mixed with polylactic acid slices to improve the elastic property of a polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material. CN113293517A discloses a polylactic acid elastic superfine fiber non-manufacturing material, a preparation method and an application thereof, wherein polyethylene glycol, nano-fiber and polylactic acid are blended and granulated, then the mixture is melted and blended with a biological matrix elastomer, and the polylactic acid elastic superfine fiber non-manufacturing material is prepared by melt-blow molding and multi-stage hot drawing treatment. However, due to the requirements of the forming process of the spunbonded nonwoven material, the addition of the elastomer or other materials is easy to change the molecular chain structure of the polylactic acid, thereby affecting the structure and performance of the polylactic acid nonwoven material. In addition, the elastic polylactic acid fiber prepared by the former cannot be completely degraded, and the preparation process of the latter is complicated, so that the practical application of the polylactic acid non-woven material is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method and application of a double-component degradable elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material, wherein the spun-bonded non-woven material has high elasticity and high flexibility, can be completely degraded and can be used for preparing a surface layer of a sanitary care product.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of a bicomponent degradable elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Introducing CO 2 Respectively placing the polyurethane and polylactic acid in different screw extrusion devices, melting by screw at high temperature, extruding into a metering pump, and metering and controlling CO at different flow rates 2 Extruding the melt of the base polyurethane into a skin layer die head channel and extruding the melt of the polylactic acid into a core layer die head channel; the CO is 2 The polyurethane is made of CO 2 The base polycarbonate ether polyol is obtained by reacting the base polycarbonate ether polyol with modified isocyanate containing aromatic groups in the presence of an auxiliary agent, wherein the CO is 2 With CO in the chain of the polyurethane 2 The content of chain segments formed by the polycarbonate ether polyol is 65-85 wt%;
(2) And extruding the melt through a spinneret orifice to form a bicomponent melt with a sheath-core structure, cooling and drafting the bicomponent melt through cross-air flow to form continuous filaments, condensing the continuous filaments on a net curtain, and carrying out hot rolling bonding and cooling on the continuous filaments by a roller to obtain the spunbonded non-woven material.
Further, in the step (1), the CO 2 Based on CO in polycarbonate ether polyols 2 The mass content of (A) is 10-40%; the CO is 2 The number average molecular weight of the polyether polyol is 2000-4000.
Further, the CO is 2 Based polycarbonate ether polyols obtained by copolymerization of carbon dioxide with an epoxide, said epoxidationCompounds include, but are not limited to, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, pentylene oxide, and cyclohexylene oxide.
Further, the epoxy compound is preferably ethylene oxide or propylene oxide.
Further, modified isocyanates containing aromatic groups include, but are not limited to, 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4-ethylbenzene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate; introduction of phenyl groups can increase the CO-based 2 CO prepared based on polycarbonate ether polyols 2 Mechanical properties such as toughness, strength and the like of the base polyurethane.
Further, the aromatic group-containing modified isocyanate is preferably 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate or p-phenylene diisocyanate.
Further, the auxiliary agent comprises a chain extender, and the chain extender is one or more of ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol and hydrogenated bisphenol A.
Further, the chain extender is preferably ethylene glycol or glycerol.
Further, in the step (1), the CO 2 The number average molecular weight of the base polyurethane is 5-10 ten thousand.
CO 2 CO in molecular chain of radical polyurethane 2 The content of chain segments formed by the base polycarbonate ether polyol is too low, which is not beneficial to effective drafting of airflow in the subsequent spunbond fiber forming process, but if the content is too high, the spunbond fibers can not flow uniformly under the action of airflow drafting, and the structure difference of the bi-component fibers is large, so that CO selected in the process of the invention 2 Based polyurethanes built up of CO in the molecular chain 2 The content of the segment formed based on the polycarbonate ether polyol is controlled within a suitable range, for example, from 65% by weight to 85% by weight.
Further, CO 2 The temperature in the screw extrusion device corresponding to the polyurethane is 150-250 ℃, and the temperature of the CO is higher than that of the screw extrusion device corresponding to the polyurethane 2 The melt index of the polyurethane at 200 ℃ is 50-500 g/10min.
Furthermore, the temperature in the screw extrusion device corresponding to the polylactic acid is 160-300 ℃, and the melt index of the polylactic acid at 200 ℃ is 20-100 g/10min.
In order to ensure that the continuous feeding can be realized and the prepared fiber has good uniformity and mechanical strength, the temperature in each screw extrusion device needs to be controlled within a proper range; if the temperature in the corresponding extrusion device is too high, the materials are melted and adhered to each other at the hopper, and the continuous feeding is blocked; however, if the temperature is too low, the material entering the bicomponent die head is likely to be incompletely melted, so that the uniformity of the melt of the corresponding layer of the bicomponent fiber is affected, the apparent form and the stability of the fiber are further affected, and the breaking strength of the bicomponent fiber is reduced.
In the prior art, different materials are directly mixed and melt-extruded at the same temperature to prepare the composite fiber, so that the following problems exist: because different materials have different thermodynamic properties, the melting treatment is carried out at the same temperature, so that the problems of uneven melting of a high-melting-point component, poor stability of a low-melting-point component and the like are easy to occur, and the mechanical property of the fiber is further influenced; in addition, the polyurethane is directly mixed with polylactic acid, so that the structure of a polylactic acid molecular chain is changed, and the mechanical property of the polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material is influenced. The invention adopts the double screw extrusion technology to respectively carry out hot melting treatment on the two components in a proper temperature range, and respectively extrude the corresponding melts into a die head with a skin layer channel and a core layer channel to use CO 2 The fiber with the sheath-core structure is prepared by drafting the melt with the sheath layer of the base polyurethane and the core layer of the polylactic acid under the action of side blowing, so that the problems of uneven melting, large change of physical properties of raw materials and the like in the prior art are effectively solved.
Further, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the melt extruded into the skin layer die channel to the melt extruded into the core layer die channel is 3:7-7:3.
The quality of the skin layer and core layer melt needs to be controlled in a proper range, for example, the mass ratio of the skin layer to the core layer is 3:7-7:3, so that the bicomponent melt with the skin-core structure can be effectively drafted to form continuous filaments, and the condition that the quality of the skin layer and the core layer is not matched to cause incomplete drafting of the skin layer or the core layer is avoided, thereby reducing the mechanical strength of the fiber.
Further, in the step (2), the flow direction of the side-blown gas flow is consistent with the movement direction of the bicomponent melt; the wind speed of the side blowing air flow is 0.5-10 m/s.
In the drafting process of the bi-component melt, the polyurethane of the skin layer and the polylactic acid of the core layer respectively bear high-power and low-power drafting effects, so that materials with different physical properties can be properly and uniformly drafted, and the mechanical property and the uniformity of bi-component fibers are improved.
Further, in the step (2), the diameter of the continuous filament is 10-20 μm; the continuous filament is a bicomponent fiber with a sheath-core structure, the thickness of the sheath layer is 1-5 mu m, and the diameter of the core layer is 8-14 mu m.
Further, in the step (2), the temperature of the hot rolling bonding is 160-220 ℃.
Further, the preparation method also comprises CO 2 The pretreatment process before the base polyurethane is added into the screw extrusion device specifically comprises the following steps: introducing CO 2 The polyurethane is dried for 3 to 10 hours at the temperature of between 60 and 100 ℃.
CO 2 Before the base polyurethane is added into a screw extrusion device for melting treatment, drying treatment is needed to remove moisture in the material, but the drying temperature is not too high, and CO is easily caused by too high drying temperature 2 The base polyurethane particles soften and adhere to each other, affecting subsequent processing; however, if the drying temperature is too low, CO cannot be effectively removed 2 Moisture in the polyurethane-based particles tends to break the fibers in the subsequent spunbond fiber-forming process, and the bicomponent fibers and spunbond nonwoven materials cannot be continuously prepared, so the temperature of the drying process needs to be controlled within a suitable range, for example, 60 to 100 ℃.
The invention provides a bicomponent degradable elastic polylactic acid spunbonded nonwoven material prepared by the preparation method in the first aspect.
Further, the surface density of the bicomponent degradable elastic polylactic acid spunbonded nonwoven material is 15-100 g/m 2 。
In a third aspect of the invention, the application of the bicomponent degradable elastic polylactic acid spunbonded nonwoven material of the first aspect in the surface layer material of the sanitary care product is provided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts degradable CO with good mechanical property 2 Polyurethane and polylactic acid are taken as raw materials, and high-elasticity CO is obtained by processing the raw materials by a double-screw forming technology according to the difference of physical properties of the two raw materials 2 The bicomponent fiber with the skin layer of the polyurethane and the core layer of the polylactic acid is subjected to hot rolling and bonding treatment to obtain the bicomponent degradable elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material with high elasticity, high strength and good softness.
2. The transverse elastic recovery rate and the longitudinal elastic recovery rate of the bicomponent degradable elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material prepared by the invention are both more than 45 percent, wherein the transverse elastic recovery rate is up to 70 percent, the transverse strength is more than 20N/5cm, the longitudinal strength is more than 40N/5cm, the softness is more than 13cm, and the bicomponent degradable elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material has excellent mechanical property, high softness, high bulkiness and meets the performance requirements of surface layer materials of sanitary care products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for preparing a degradable elastic polylactic acid melt-blown nonwoven material.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1
The embodiment relates to preparation of a bicomponent degradable elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material, and the related process flow is shown in figure 1 and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw materials:
CO 2 base polyurethane: number average molecular weight of-65000, by having a content of-25wt% CO 2 And a polycarbonate ether polyol (composed of ethylene oxide and CO) having a number average molecular weight of-3500 2 Obtained by polymerization), 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and ethylene glycol;
polylactic acid: natureworks Ingeo TM PLA 6260D。
(2) Introducing CO 2 Drying the base polyurethane at 70 ℃ for 8h, and then placing the polyurethane in a screw extrusion device A, wherein the extrusion temperature of the screw A is 170 ℃; placing polylactic acid in a screw extrusion device B, wherein the extrusion temperature of the screw B is 190 ℃; extruding the melt melted by the screw at high temperature into a metering pump;
(3) Mixing CO with the skin layer melt and the core layer melt in the mass ratio of 1:1 2 Extruding the polyurethane melt into a skin layer die head channel and extruding the polylactic acid melt into a core layer die head channel;
(4) The melt is extruded through a spinneret orifice to form a bicomponent melt with a sheath-core structure, continuous filaments are formed under the cooling and drafting action of side-blown airflow with the wind speed of 1m/s along the moving direction of the melt and are condensed on a web forming curtain, and the bicomponent elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material is formed after the processing of hot rolling by a roller.
The spunbond nonwoven material described above has fibers with an average diameter of about 12 microns and an areal density of-25 g/m 2 。
Example 2
The embodiment relates to a preparation method of a bicomponent degradable elastic polylactic acid spunbonded nonwoven material, which comprises the following specific process flows as shown in figure 1:
(1) Raw materials:
CO 2 base polyurethane: number average molecular weight of-70000, from 2 wt% CO 2 And a polycarbonate ether polyol (composed of ethylene oxide and CO) having a number average molecular weight of 3000 2 Polymerized), 4,4-diphenylmethaneDiisocyanate and ethylene glycol are polymerized to obtain the product;
polylactic acid: natureworks Ingeo TM PLA 6260D。
(2) CO is introduced into 2 Drying the base polyurethane at 80 ℃ for 6h, and then placing the polyurethane in a screw extrusion device A, wherein the extrusion temperature of the screw A is 180 ℃; placing polylactic acid in a screw extrusion device B, wherein the extrusion temperature of the screw B is 200 ℃; extruding the melt melted by the screw at high temperature into a metering pump;
(3) Mixing CO with the skin layer melt and the core layer melt in the mass ratio of 1:1 2 Extruding the polyurethane melt into a skin layer die head channel and extruding the polylactic acid melt into a core layer die head channel;
(4) The melt is extruded through a spinneret orifice to form a bicomponent melt with a sheath-core structure, continuous filaments are formed under the cooling and drafting action of side-blown airflow with the wind speed of 2m/s along the moving direction of the melt and are condensed on a web forming curtain, and the bicomponent elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material is formed after the processing of hot rolling by a roller.
The spunbond nonwoven material described above has fibers with an average diameter of about 10 microns and an areal density of-25 g/m 2 。
Example 3
The embodiment relates to a preparation method of a bicomponent degradable elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material, and the process flow is shown in figure 1 and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw materials:
CO 2 a base polyurethane: number average molecular weight of-70000 by having-25wt% CO 2 And a polycarbonate ether polyol (consisting of ethylene oxide and CO) having a number average molecular weight of 2500 2 Obtained by polymerization), 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and ethylene glycol;
polylactic acid: natureworks Ingeo TM PLA 6260D。
(2) Introducing CO 2 Drying the base polyurethane at 90 ℃ for 5 hours, and then placing the polyurethane in a screw extrusion device A, wherein the extrusion temperature of the screw A is 190 ℃; placing polylactic acid in a screw extrusion device B, wherein the extrusion temperature of the screw B is 210 ℃; extruding the melt after being melted by the screw at high temperature to a meterIn the measuring pump;
(3) Mixing CO with the skin layer melt and the core layer melt in the mass ratio of 1:1 2 Extruding the polyurethane melt into a skin layer die head channel and extruding the polylactic acid melt into a core layer die head channel;
(4) The melt is extruded through a spinneret orifice to form a bicomponent melt with a sheath-core structure, continuous filaments are formed under the cooling and drafting action of side-blown airflow with the wind speed of 3m/s along the moving direction of the melt and are condensed on a web forming curtain, and the bicomponent elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material is formed after the processing of hot rolling by a roller.
The spunbond nonwoven material described above has fibers with an average diameter of about 9 microns and an areal density of-25 g/m 2 The above.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example relates to the preparation of a bicomponent degradable elastic polylactic acid spunbonded nonwoven, the process flow is shown in figure 1, and the details are as follows:
(1) Raw materials:
CO 2 base polyurethane: number average molecular weight of 85000, by having a content of-25wt% 2 And a polycarbonate ether polyol (prepared from butylene oxide and CO) having a number average molecular weight of 4500 2 Obtained by polymerization), 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and ethylene glycol;
polylactic acid: natureworks Ingeo TM PLA 6260D。
(2) Introducing CO 2 The base polyurethane is placed in a screw extrusion device A, and the extrusion temperature of the screw A is 150 ℃; placing polylactic acid in a screw extrusion device B, wherein the extrusion temperature of the screw B is 150 ℃; extruding the melt melted by the screw at high temperature into a metering pump;
(3) Mixing CO with the skin layer melt and the core layer melt in the mass ratio of 4:1 2 Extruding the polyurethane melt into a skin layer die head channel and extruding the polylactic acid melt into a core layer die head channel;
(4) The melt is extruded through a spinneret orifice to form a bicomponent melt with a sheath-core structure, continuous filaments are formed under the cooling and drafting action of a side-blown airflow with the wind speed of 1m/s along the moving direction of the melt and are condensed on a web-forming curtain, and the bicomponent elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material is formed after the processing of hot rolling by a roller.
The spunbond nonwoven material had an average fiber diameter of about 18 microns, shorter fibers, and an areal density of-25 g/m 2 。
Comparative example 2
The embodiment relates to a preparation method of a bicomponent degradable elastic polylactic acid spunbonded nonwoven material, which comprises the following specific process flows as shown in figure 1:
(1) Raw materials:
CO 2 base polyurethane: number average molecular weight of-90000, from having a content of-25wt% CO 2 And polycarbonate ether polyol (prepared from butylene oxide and CO) with number average molecular weight of 5500 2 Obtained by polymerization), 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and ethylene glycol;
polylactic acid: natureworks Ingeo TM PLA 6260D。
(2) Introducing CO 2 Drying the base polyurethane at 90 ℃ for 5 hours, and then placing the polyurethane in a screw extrusion device A, wherein the extrusion temperature of the screw A is 260 ℃; placing polylactic acid in a screw extrusion device B, wherein the extrusion temperature of the screw B is 260 ℃; extruding the melt melted by the screw at high temperature into a metering pump;
(3) Mixing CO with the melt mass ratio of the skin layer to the core layer of 1:4 2 Extruding the polyurethane melt into a skin layer die head channel and extruding the polylactic acid melt into a core layer die head channel;
(4) The melt is extruded through a spinneret orifice to form a bicomponent melt with a sheath-core structure, continuous filaments are formed under the cooling and drafting action of side-blown airflow with the wind speed of 1m/s along the moving direction of the melt and are condensed on a web forming curtain, and the bicomponent elastic polylactic acid spun-bonded non-woven material is formed after the processing of hot rolling by a roller.
The spunbond nonwoven material described above has fibers with an average diameter of about 16 microns and an areal density of-25 g/m 2 。
Performance testing
The mechanical properties of the spunbond nonwovens prepared in the examples and comparative examples were tested, wherein the breaking strength and elongation at break of the test specimens were determined according to the methods described in the standard FZ/T60005-91, the softness was determined according to the method described in the standard GB/T18318-2001, determination of the bending length of textile fabrics, and the elastic recovery of the test specimens after 100% stretching twice in the transverse or longitudinal direction.
The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 relevant Performance parameters of spunbond nonwovens prepared in the examples and comparative examples
| Sample (I) | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Transverse strength (N/5 cm) | 21.3 | 24.2 | 26.1 | 12.8 | 10.3 |
| Longitudinal strength (N/5 cm) | 40 | 45.5 | 49.2 | 25.2 | 23.5 |
| Transverse elastic recovery | 58.2％ | 65％ | 70％ | 19.8％ | 15.3％ |
| Longitudinal elastic recovery | 45.6％ | 50.8％ | 54.6％ | 15％ | 13.2％ |
| Softness (cm) | 13.8 | 14.2 | 14.6 | 9.5 | 8.2 |
From the above table, it can be seen that the present invention utilizes degradable CO 2 Polyurethane and polylactic acid are used as raw materials, fibers with a skin-core structure are prepared by a double-screw technology, a spun-bonded non-woven material is prepared by hot rolling, the spun-bonded non-woven material in the embodiment 1-3 is prepared by proper material proportion and temperature setting, the spun-bonded non-woven material has good mechanical strength, the transverse direction is not lower than 20N/5cm, the longitudinal direction is not lower than 40N/5cm, and the transverse direction and longitudinal direction elastic recovery rates are both higher than 45%, which is far superior to the comparative examples 1 and 2 prepared by processing the raw materials at the same extrusion temperature.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitutions or changes made by the person skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a bicomponent degradable elastic polylactic acid spunbonded nonwoven material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Introducing CO 2 Respectively placing the polyurethane and polylactic acid in different screw extrusion devices, melting by screws, extruding into a metering pump, and metering and controlling CO at different flow rates 2 Extruding the melt of the base polyurethane into a skin layer die head channel and extruding the melt of the polylactic acid into a core layer die head channel; the CO is 2 Polyurethane-based consisting of CO 2 The base polycarbonate ether polyol is obtained by reacting the base polycarbonate ether polyol with modified isocyanate containing aromatic groups in the presence of an auxiliary agent, wherein the CO is 2 By CO in the molecular chain of the polyurethane 2 The content of chain segments formed by the polycarbonate ether polyol is 65-85 wt%;
(2) Extruding the melt through a spinneret orifice to form a bicomponent melt with a sheath-core structure, cooling and drafting the bicomponent melt through cross-air flow to form continuous filaments which are condensed on a net curtain, and obtaining the spunbonded non-woven material after hot rolling, bonding and cooling through a roller; the flow direction of the side-blown air flow is consistent with the movement direction of the bicomponent melt.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the CO is 2 Based on CO in polycarbonate ether polyols 2 The mass content of (A) is 10-40%; the CO is 2 The number average molecular weight of the polyether polyol is 2000-4000.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the CO is 2 The number average molecular weight of the base polyurethane is 5-10 ten thousand.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), CO is used 2 Corresponding spiro of polyurethaneThe temperature in the rod extrusion device is 150-250 ℃, CO 2 The melt index of the base polyurethane at 200 ℃ is 50-500 g/10min; the temperature in the screw extrusion device corresponding to the polylactic acid is 160-300 ℃, and the melt index of the polylactic acid at 200 ℃ is 20-100 g/10min; the mass ratio of the melt extruded into the skin layer die head channel to the melt extruded into the core layer die head channel is 3:7-7:3.
5. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the air velocity of the cross-blown air stream is 0.5 to 10m/s; the temperature of the hot rolling bonding is 160-220 ℃.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the continuous filaments have a diameter of 10 to 20 μm; the continuous filament is a bicomponent fiber with a sheath-core structure, the thickness of the sheath layer is 1-5 mu m, and the diameter of the core layer is 8-14 mu m.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising CO 2 The pretreatment process before the base polyurethane is added into the screw extrusion device specifically comprises the following steps: introducing CO 2 The polyurethane is dried for 3 to 10 hours at the temperature of between 60 and 100 ℃.
8. A bicomponent degradable elastic polylactic acid spunbonded nonwoven, which is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The spunbond nonwoven material of claim 8, wherein the areal density of the spunbond nonwoven material is 15-100 g/m 2 。
10. Use of the bicomponent degradable elastic polylactic acid spunbonded nonwoven according to claim 8 or 9 as a surface layer material for sanitary care products.
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