CN115181593A - 一种生物汽油添加剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种生物汽油添加剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115181593A CN115181593A CN202210755927.0A CN202210755927A CN115181593A CN 115181593 A CN115181593 A CN 115181593A CN 202210755927 A CN202210755927 A CN 202210755927A CN 115181593 A CN115181593 A CN 115181593A
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- 239000003254 gasoline additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N EtOH Substances CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- UBPGILLNMDGSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol diacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOCCOC(C)=O UBPGILLNMDGSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- HNBDRPTVWVGKBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OC HNBDRPTVWVGKBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl 3-methylbutanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(C)C OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HCRBXQFHJMCTLF-ZCFIWIBFSA-N ethyl (2r)-2-methylbutanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)[C@H](C)CC HCRBXQFHJMCTLF-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OCWLYWIFNDCWRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl (S)-2-Methylbutanoate Chemical compound CCC(C)C(=O)OC OCWLYWIFNDCWRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ICMAFTSLXCXHRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OCC ICMAFTSLXCXHRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001813 ethyl (2R)-2-methylbutanoate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940090910 ethyl 2-methylbutyrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- PPXUHEORWJQRHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl isovalerate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)C PPXUHEORWJQRHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JXNPEDYJTDQORS-HZJYTTRNSA-N (9Z,12Z)-octadecadien-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCCO JXNPEDYJTDQORS-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-M 9-cis,12-cis-Octadecadienoate Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- JXNPEDYJTDQORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N linoleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCCO JXNPEDYJTDQORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
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- ZSDQQJHSRVEGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(6-amino-1h-indol-3-yl)acetonitrile Chemical group NC1=CC=C2C(CC#N)=CNC2=C1 ZSDQQJHSRVEGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLAMNBDJUVNPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-methylbutyrate Chemical compound CCC(C)C([O-])=O WLAMNBDJUVNPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKJADYKTJJGKDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCC OKJADYKTJJGKDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生物乙醇汽油添加剂，是由戊酸酯、氢化二聚亚油醇、2‑乙基己醇、二乙二醇二乙酸酯、2,6‑二叔丁基对甲酚、聚醚胺为组分混合而成。本发明的生物乙醇汽油添加剂具有很高的生物质碳利用度，可以明显减少颗粒污染物和黑色碳烟的排放，对环境友好，同时能清除汽油机内沉积物，且调配后的汽油稳定性好，有效抵抗乙醇汽油的相分离，可以有效延长保质期。本发明提供的清洁汽油添加剂同时还具有提高辛烷值的效果，尤其对于90号以下等低标号汽油有很好的效果，减少爆震，利于在高标准汽油机械中的使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽油添加剂，具体涉及一种生物乙醇汽油添加剂，以提高乙醇汽油的性能，属于燃油技术领域。
背景技术
化石燃料的直接燃烧排放被认为是空气污染的来源之一。从降低碳排放的角度看，从生物质来源的燃料是一种碳中性的燃料，可以掺混在传统的汽柴油中使用，降低CO2的排放。例如，车用乙醇汽油是指在汽油组分油中，按一定的体积比加入变性燃料乙醇混配而成的一种新型清洁车用燃料。加入10%生物乙醇时，为E10，国外也称作汽油醇（GASOHOL）。加入生物乙醇后，使得燃料更碳中性，含氧量增加，燃烧更彻底，是一种节能环保型燃料。
使用乙醇汽油有很多优点，例如可以建立更安全的动态储粮体系，但另一方面，使用乙醇汽油可能会存在一定的问题。例如，乙醇的燃烧会产生少量的乙酸，尽管对发动机大多数时候是无害的，但对汽车的某些金属部件（特别是铜）有微量的腐蚀作用。乙醇的极性比传统汽油大，吸水性较强，因此过了保质期的乙醇汽油在油罐油箱中容易变浑浊，容易出现分层的现象（相分离）。乙醇汽油对机油的影响也比传统汽油大，缩短了润滑油的使用寿命。而且，尽管乙醇汽油含氧量较高，尾气中PM颗粒物可以降低，但乙醇的汽化潜热较高，导致当乙醇汽油经喷油嘴喷射到进气门背面时，由于汽化吸热导致温度降低，油滴遇冷凝结不能够充分雾化，长期运行后可能会形成一定的沉积物。因此，提高生物乙醇汽油的性能，开发新型汽油添加剂是迫切需要解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种生物乙醇汽油添加剂，利用生物质的高辛烷值、除积碳、抗相分离、雾化充分等性能，提高乙醇汽油的性能。
本发明的生物乙醇汽油添加剂，是由戊酸酯、氢化二聚亚油醇、2-乙基己醇、二乙二醇二乙酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、聚醚胺为组分混合而成。
上述组分中，戊酸酯为正戊酸甲酯、正戊酸乙酯、3-甲基丁酸甲酯、3-甲基丁酸乙酯、2-甲基丁酸甲酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯中的任意一种或者两种以上的组合。
戊酸酯类，例如正戊酸甲酯、正戊酸乙酯，可由生物质纤维素经转化制得，或者通过生物质气化后得到合成气，然后经过烯烃的羰基化酯化反应获得。戊酸酯不含硫等有害物质，不会额外排放有害物质，在一定程度上能够达到减排的作用。而且戊酸酯具有较好的润滑性，加入乙醇汽油能够作为含氧燃料可以长期保持稳定不分层，其低温流性、氧化安定性都很好。
本发明中聚醚胺由极性端与柔性的非极性链构成，其具有良好的消除积碳的能力，同时可以控制润滑油的酸化泥化。其具体结构为：
结构中n值为10~26。
以上组分相互配合相互协同，应用于汽油中，可以实现单一组分难以达到的效果，起到了1+1>2的作用。
所述原料组分按以下质量百分数进行配比：氢化二聚亚油醇0.1~1wt%，二乙二醇二乙酸酯0.001~0.015wt%，2-乙基己醇5~35wt%，2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0.005~0.1wt%，聚醚胺5~50wt%，其余部分为戊酸酯。
在应用中，将上述生物乙醇汽油添加到乙醇汽油中并充分混合，可以减少乙醇汽油颗粒污染物排放、减少黑烟排放，对环境友好，并且可以提高辛烷值，具有浊点低、抗相分离、消除沉积物效果好、润滑性好的优点。生物乙醇汽油添加剂的体积百分数控制在为0.01~1 vol.%内会得到更好的效果。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果至少在于：
（1）本发明提供的汽油添加剂，可以明显减少颗粒污染物和黑色碳烟的排放，对环境友好，同时能清除汽油机内沉积物；
（2）且调配后的汽油稳定性好，有效抵抗乙醇汽油的相分离，可以有效延长保质期；
（3）本发明实施例提供的清洁汽油添加剂，2-乙基己醇、戊酸酯等原料可以从生物质获得，相对于现有石化汽油，具有更高的生物质碳利用度，绿色低碳；
（4）本发明提供的清洁汽油添加剂同时还具有提高辛烷值的效果，尤其对于90号以下等低标号汽油有很好的效果，减少爆震，利于在高标准汽油机械中的使用；
（5）本发明实施例提供的清洁汽油添加剂，有利于提高润滑油的寿命，稳定碱值。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明生物乙醇汽油添加剂的组分及应用作进一步说明。
实施例1
汽油添加剂的组分：氢化二聚亚油醇0.5wt%，二乙二醇二乙酸酯0.01wt%，2-乙基己醇10wt%，2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0.01wt%，聚醚胺质量分数为25wt%，其余部分为正戊酸甲酯。
制备工艺：在25℃、搅拌条件下，在釜中按比例加入正戊酸甲酯、氢化二聚亚油醇、2-乙基己醇、二乙二醇二乙酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚以及聚醚胺；将其充分混合均匀后，装罐包装制得汽油添加剂。
实施例2
汽油添加剂的组分：氢化二聚亚油醇0.1wt%，二乙二醇二乙酸酯0.001wt%，2-乙基己醇5wt%，2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0.005wt%，聚醚胺5wt%，其余部分为正戊酸甲酯。
制备工艺：在0℃、搅拌条件下，在釜中按比例加入正戊酸甲酯、氢化二聚亚油醇、2-乙基己醇、二乙二醇二乙酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚以及聚醚胺；将其充分混合均匀后，装罐包装制得汽油添加剂。
实施例3
汽油添加剂的组分：氢化二聚亚油醇1wt%，二乙二醇二乙酸酯0.015wt%，2-乙基己醇35wt%，2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0. 1wt%，聚醚胺50wt%，其余部分为正戊酸乙酯。
制备工艺：在40℃、搅拌条件下，在釜中按比例加入正戊酸乙酯、氢化二聚亚油醇、2-乙基己醇、二乙二醇二乙酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚以及聚醚胺；将其充分混合均匀后，装罐包装制得汽油添加剂。
实施例4
汽油添加剂的组分：氢化二聚亚油醇0.5wt%，二乙二醇二乙酸酯0.01wt%，2-乙基己醇10wt%，2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0.01wt%，聚醚胺25wt%，其余部分为3-甲基丁酸甲酯。
制备工艺：在25℃、搅拌条件下，在釜中按比例加入3-甲基丁酸甲酯、氢化二聚亚油醇、2-乙基己醇、二乙二醇二乙酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚以及聚醚胺；将其充分混合均匀后，装罐包装制得汽油添加剂。
实施例5
汽油添加剂的组分：氢化二聚亚油醇0.1wt%，二乙二醇二乙酸酯0.01wt%，2-乙基己醇35wt%，2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0.005wt%，聚醚胺25wt%，其余部分为3-甲基丁酸乙酯。
制备工艺：在25℃、搅拌条件下，在釜中按比例加入3-甲基丁酸乙酯、氢化二聚亚油醇、2-乙基己醇、二乙二醇二乙酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚以及聚醚胺；将其充分混合均匀后，装罐包装制得汽油添加剂。
实施例6
汽油添加剂的组分：氢化二聚亚油醇1wt%，二乙二醇二乙酸酯0.001wt%，2-乙基己醇10wt%，2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0.05wt%，聚醚胺20wt%，其余部分为质量比为1:1的2-甲基丁酸甲酯与正戊酸甲酯。
制备工艺：在25℃、搅拌条件下，在釜中按比例加入质量比为1:1的2-甲基丁酸甲酯与正戊酸甲酯、氢化二聚亚油醇、2-乙基己醇、二乙二醇二乙酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚以及聚醚胺；将其充分混合均匀后，装罐包装制得汽油添加剂。
实施例7
汽油添加剂的组分：氢化二聚亚油醇1wt%，二乙二醇二乙酸酯0.01wt%，2-乙基己醇15wt%，2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0.01wt%，聚醚胺25wt%，其余部分为2-甲基丁酸乙酯。
制备工艺：在25℃、搅拌条件下，在釜中按比例加入2-甲基丁酸乙酯、氢化二聚亚油醇、2-乙基己醇、二乙二醇二乙酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚以及聚醚胺；将其充分混合均匀后，装罐包装制得汽油添加剂。
实施例8
将实施例1中的汽油添加剂以0.2 vol.%体积分数加入E10乙醇汽油（含10%乙醇）中，可以有效抵抗乙醇与汽油的分层，即使往汽油中再掺入0.5%的水模拟乙醇汽油吸水的情况，也未见明显的分层。将汽油混合物冷却到-20℃，模拟气温较低使用情况，未见到明显浊化现象；冷却到-30℃也未见到浊化现象。将该汽油添加剂按照0.1 vol.%体积分数加入到汽车油箱中，可以减少黑烟的排放。将汽油添加剂滴加到模拟汽油胶质沉积物上，5min后可以有效剥离清除沉积物。将汽油添加剂按照0.5vol.%体积分数添加到市售90号汽油中，辛烷值可以由原来的90提高到92。
对比实施例1
与实施1的其他情况相同，但是将戊酸甲酯换成戊酸丁酯、戊酸丙酯，则可以发现以抗分层能力减弱，且提高辛烷值能力有限。汽油添加剂以0.2 vol.%体积分数加入E10乙醇汽油（含10%乙醇）中，将汽油混合物冷却到-20℃，模拟气温较低使用情况，出现一定的浊化现象。将汽油添加剂按照0.5vol.%体积分数添加到市售90号汽油中，辛烷值不变。
对比实施例2
与实施1的其他情况相同，但是添加剂组成中不加二乙二醇二乙酸酯，2-乙基己醇，2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚，余量为正戊酸甲酯。则可以发现添加剂在汽油中的溶解速度减弱，平均溶解时间从2min延长至约30min，这影响到添加剂在使用过程中的均一性。由于有的用户直接往邮箱加入添加剂，又没有合适的搅拌混合办法，如果添加剂无法快速均匀溶在汽油中，则可能对汽油机造成增加积碳、怠速抖动、动力减弱等负面影响。此外，抗分相能力与安定性也减弱，汽油添加剂以0.2 vol.%体积分数加入E10乙醇汽油（含10%乙醇）中，将汽油混合物冷却到-30℃，模拟气温较低使用情况，出现一定的浊化现象。此外，还存在氧化安定性下降与保质期也减短的问题（低于2年）。
Claims (5)
1.一种生物乙醇汽油添加剂，是由戊酸酯、氢化二聚亚油醇、2-乙基己醇、二乙二醇二乙酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、聚醚胺为组分混合而成。
2.如权利要求1所述一种生物乙醇汽油添加剂，其特征在于：所述原料组分按以下质量百分数进行配比：氢化二聚亚油醇0.1~1wt%，二乙二醇二乙酸酯0.001~0.015wt%，2-乙基己醇5~35wt%，2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0.005~0.1wt%，聚醚胺5~50wt%，其余部分为戊酸酯。
3.如权利要求1或2所述一种生物乙醇汽油添加剂，其特征在于：所述戊酸酯为正戊酸甲酯、正戊酸乙酯、3-甲基丁酸甲酯、3-甲基丁酸乙酯、2-甲基丁酸甲酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯中的任意一种或者两种以上的组合。
4.如权利要求1所述一种生物乙醇汽油添加剂在提高乙醇汽油中的应用，其特征在于：在乙醇汽油中加入生物乙醇汽油中并充分混合。
5.如权利要求4所述一种生物乙醇汽油添加剂在提高乙醇汽油中的应用，其特征在于：生物乙醇汽油添加剂的体积百分数控制在为0.01~1 vol.%。
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