CN115181575A - 一种功能型保水剂 - Google Patents
一种功能型保水剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115181575A CN115181575A CN202210996735.9A CN202210996735A CN115181575A CN 115181575 A CN115181575 A CN 115181575A CN 202210996735 A CN202210996735 A CN 202210996735A CN 115181575 A CN115181575 A CN 115181575A
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- water
- parts
- retaining agent
- powder
- functional water
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种功能型保水剂,主要涉及农林功能型保水剂领域。其原料包括高分子吸水树脂,所述高分子吸水树脂的原料按重量份数计包括:丙烯酸40~60份、耐盐性单体2~5份、NaOH 13~20份、交联剂0.02~2份、引发剂0.02~2份、明胶2~5份、改性粉料2~12份、N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺1~3份、N,N‑二异丙基乙胺2~5份、多肽缩合试剂2~5份、驱鼠剂2~5份。本发明是一种既保水保肥、可生物降解,又驱虫防鼠、具备改良盐碱土作用的功能型保水剂产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农林功能型保水剂领域,具体是一种功能型保水剂。
背景技术
实现一控两减的目标,有效保障我国粮食供给安全、农产品质量安全和农业环境特别是产地环境的安全,一控就是控制农业用水总量和农业水环境污染,确保农业灌溉用水总量保持在一定水平,农田灌溉用水水质达标,促进农业农村生产、生活、生态“三位一体”协同发展,两减是指化肥、农药减量使用,保持农田水资源和土壤肥力是农业发展的关键。
节水农业是实现水资源可持续利用的一种有效手段,在农业灌溉中实施节水农业技术,可以减少水分的深层渗漏和无效蒸发损失,达到提高水资源利用率、减少农业用水量、节约灌溉用水的目的,在保障国家粮食安全、生态安全和社会经济可持续发展等方面,具有其他措施无法替代的作用。
保水剂亦称吸水剂、保湿剂、高吸水性树脂等,是一类含有强亲水性基团并具有一定交联度的功能性高分子材料。它能迅速吸收和保持自身质量数百倍的去离子水、数十倍至近百倍的含盐水分,而且具有反复吸水和释水能力。因此农业上人们把它比喻为"微型水库"。同时,它还能吸收肥料、农药,并缓慢释放,增加肥效、药效。用于农林业时,能够根据植被根系附近的水环境合理地吸收、释放水分,减少水分的深层渗漏和无效蒸发损失,达到提高水资源利用率、减少农业用水量、节约灌溉用水的目的,还可以改善土壤团粒结构和通透性,所以保水剂的研发与应用在水土保持、节水型农业和沙漠化修复方面具有重大意义。
现有技术中,制备保水剂按原料可以分为:合成类保水剂系列,以聚丙烯酸盐、聚乙烯醇、聚氧乙烯等为原料;天然及改性高分子类保水剂,以淀粉、纤维素或其他天然产物为原料;丙烯酸类保水剂与肥效物质混合造粒。基于国家生态文明建设和科技型农业的发展需求,保水剂以天然高分子材料作为单体 (例如壳聚糖、纤维素和海藻酸盐等)的研究上得到深入进展,但是其功能性,例如耐盐碱性、吸水性能等尚且达不到理想的要求。
专利申请号200310121061.5提出了一种淀粉基有机-无机复合保水剂及其制备方法,该方法是以淀粉、丙烯酰胺和凹凸棒粉为原料,在引发剂的存在下,经接枝共聚制成一种有机-无机复合保水剂,具有较高的吸水率,但相比纤维素类保水剂凝胶强度弱。
专利申请号201010248016.6提出了一种植物秸秆制备复合保水剂的方法,该方法是以植物秸秆、丙烯酰胺、粘土为原料,接枝共聚后制得一种复合保水剂,具有较高的凝胶强度和耐盐碱性。
专利CN111303354 A提出了一种可用于复合高吸水树脂制备的“梯度引发”方法,该方法是通过控制引发剂的种类与用量、交联剂用量、湿度参数,促使引发聚合反应呈梯度进行,并利用聚合反应过程中自身产生的黏度避免沉降作用。
专利CN113185358提出了一种矿源黄腐酸钾复合生物营养保水剂,该方法是将纯净水、矿源黄腐酸钾、凹凸棒粉、复合微生物菌剂、纳米硅、交联剂进行制备淀粉接枝聚丙烯酸盐保水剂,再将制备的保水剂进行喷浆造粒。
专利CN113308252提供了一种防病驱虫的生物质保水剂及其制备方法,该方法是将丙烯酸加入到混料器中,加入交联剂、甲壳质细粉、烟草秸秆细粉、花椒叶细粉,制得黄色胶体,再将胶体烘干、粉碎、过筛后对其喷混微生物液体制剂。
专利CN106479511提出了一种可用于土壤重金属污染修复的缓释型保水剂及制备方法,该方法是有秸秆粉末、纳米蒙拓土、丙烯酰胺、氮磷营养盐、引发剂、交联剂制备而成。
通过上述技术可以看出,以丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺等为原料的合成类保水剂吸水不易被生物降解,易造成土壤板结,且成本较高;以淀粉、纤维素等天然材料制备的保水剂无毒无害,是可生物降解材料。但淀粉类保水剂具有耐盐性差、凝胶强度低、耐霉解性能差的缺点,而纤维素类保水剂吸水倍率较低,并且由于技术问题,很难实现工业化生产。而造粒类型的保水剂仅是将保水剂与有效肥料进行物理掺混,实际成粒效果不理想,其功能性成分在保水剂体系中的稳定性较弱,肥效物质会随着水流冲走,不利于达到保水剂的缓释肥料效果。
故如何在保持高分子吸水树脂吸水-保水功能的前提下,制备可生物降解、耐盐碱、改良土壤、缓释肥效等多功能于一体的保水剂颗粒材料,是本领域技术发展尚未攻克的难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种功能型保水剂,它是一种既保水保肥、可生物降解,又驱虫防鼠、具备改良盐碱土作用的功能型保水剂产品。
本发明为实现上述目的,通过以下技术方案实现:
一种功能型保水剂,其原料包括高分子吸水树脂,所述高分子吸水树脂的原料按重量份数计包括:丙烯酸40~60份、耐盐性单体2~5份、NaOH 13~20份、交联剂0.02~2份、引发剂0.02~2份、明胶2~5份、改性粉料2~12份、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺1~3份、N,N-二异丙基乙胺2~5份、多肽缩合试剂2~5份、驱鼠剂2~ 5份。
进一步的,其原料按重量百分比包括:高分子吸水树脂45~75%,月桂醇乙氧基硫酸铵0.3~0.8%,石膏0.2~0.6%,花椒叶0.5~1%,烟草秸秆粉0.5~ 1%,硼酸0.3~1%,复合肥0.3~0.8%,腐熟干鸡粪2~5%,腐植酸10~30%,异氰酸酯5~10%,白砂糖1~5%。
进一步的,所述耐盐性单体为2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯腈中的任意一种。
进一步的,所述交联剂为N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三异丙烯氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨乙基-3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷中的任意一种或任意几种的组合。
进一步的,所述引发剂为过硫酸铵或过硫酸钾。
进一步的,所述改性粉料为稻壳粉、秸秆粉、麦麸粉、膨润土、凹凸棒土、高岭土、蒙脱土中的任意一种或任意几种的组合。
进一步的,所述多肽缩合试剂为鎓盐型多肽缩合试剂。
进一步的,所述驱鼠剂为薄荷油、辣椒粉中的任意一种或任意两者的组合。
进一步的,所述高分子吸水树脂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1,制备A料:将丙烯酸与水按质量比1:10~1:15混合,于冰水浴中加入耐盐性单体、氢氧化钠,搅拌得均匀的混合液;在0~40℃条件下滴加75%交联剂、引发剂,在氮气保护条件下,引发反应;待体系黏度达到50~200厘泊,向体系中加入明胶,搅拌至明胶溶解;待体系黏度达到200~2000厘泊,将体系迅速降温,并同时加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、改性粉料、N,N-二异丙基乙胺、多肽缩合试剂、驱鼠剂,再滴加余下部分的交联剂和引发剂,搅拌均匀,即得A料;
S2,制备B料:将A料转移至反应槽中,升温至35~60℃,再次激活加成聚合反应,同步激活明胶-NH2与基质材料-COOH的成肽反应、改性粉料-OH和驱鼠剂-OH与-COOH的酯化反应,保温反应3~5小时,常温反应24小时即得B料;
S3,将B料经剪切、干燥、粉碎,得到功能型的高分子吸水树脂。
进一步的,通过以下步骤制得:
a.将月桂醇乙氧基硫酸铵、石膏、花椒叶粉、烟草秸秆粉、硼酸、复合肥、腐熟干鸡粪、腐植酸与白砂糖加入到研磨机中研磨,得到60~100目的混合物料,所述石膏为电厂脱硫石膏,所述复合肥为磷酸一铵、磷酸二铵和/或磷酸二氢钾;
b.将研磨后的混料加入到搅拌机中,与异氰酸酯混合均匀,所述异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯和/或二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯;
c.将高分子吸水树脂送入对辊挤压造粒机,之后将步骤b所得混料加入对辊挤压造粒机后进行挤压造粒,并烘干;
d.将所造颗粒送入筛分机进行筛分,得到功能型保水剂为球形,且粒径是 2~6mm。
对比现有技术,本发明的有益效果在于:
本技术所使用的原料环保可生物降解,在功能上能够实现保水保肥、驱虫防鼠、改良盐碱土、缓释肥效等突出的功能,所生产的保水剂颗粒大小适宜,便于与肥料混施,优化保水剂和肥料的施工过程。
附图说明
图1是本产品的照片
图2是实施例3的红外图谱
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所限定的范围。
下述实施例中所涉及的仪器、试剂、材料等,若无特别说明,均为现有技术中已有的常规仪器、试剂、材料等,可通过正规商业途径获得。下述实施例中所涉及的实验方法,检测方法等,若无特别说明,均为现有技术中已有的常规实验方法,检测方法等。
实施例1:一种功能型保水剂
其原料按重量百分比包括:高分子吸水树脂60%,月桂醇乙氧基硫酸铵 0.6%,电厂脱硫石膏0.5%,花椒叶0.8%,烟草秸秆粉0.8%,硼酸0.6%,磷酸二铵和磷酸二氢钾复合肥0.7%,腐熟干鸡粪4%,腐植酸20%,甲苯二异氰酸酯8%,白砂糖4%。
其中高分子吸水树脂的原料按重量份数计包括:丙烯酸55份、耐盐性单体 2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸3.5份、NaOH 16份、交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺 1.5份、引发剂过硫酸铵1份、明胶4份、改性粉料(使用包括有秸秆粉、麦麸粉、膨润土、高岭土、蒙脱土的混合粉料)8份、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺2份、N,N- 二异丙基乙胺4份、鎓盐型多肽缩合试剂4份、薄荷油驱鼠剂3份。
基于上述原料选择及配比,使用以下步骤制作:
步骤一、制备A料:将丙烯酸与水按质量比1:10混合,于冰水浴中加入耐盐性单体、氢氧化钠,搅拌得均匀的混合液;在25℃室温条件下,在体系中滴加75%交联剂、引发剂,在氮气保护条件下,引发反应;待体系黏度达到100 厘泊,向体系中加入明胶,搅拌至明胶溶解;待体系黏度达到1300厘泊,将体系迅速降温,并同时加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、改性粉料、N,N-二异丙基乙胺、多肽缩合试剂、驱鼠剂,再滴加余下部分的交联剂和引发剂,搅拌均匀。
步骤二、制备B料:将A料转移至反应槽中,升温至55℃,再次激活加成聚合反应,同步激活明胶-NH2与基质材料-COOH的成肽反应、改性粉料-OH和驱鼠剂-OH与-COOH的酯化反应,保温反应4小时,常温反应24小时。
步骤三、B料反应结束后,产物经剪切、干燥、粉碎,得到功能型高分子吸水树脂产品。
步骤四、挤压造粒
a.将月桂醇乙氧基硫酸铵、石膏、花椒叶粉、烟草秸秆粉、硼酸、复合肥、腐熟干鸡粪、腐植酸与白砂糖加入到研磨机中研磨,得到80目混合物;
b.将研磨后的混料加入到搅拌机中,与一定比例的异氰酸酯混合均匀;
c.将高分子吸水树脂送入对辊挤压造粒机,之后将步骤b中二次混料加入对辊挤压造粒机后进行挤压造粒,并烘干;
d.将所造颗粒送入筛分机进行筛分,得到功能型保水剂。
得到的球形功能性保水剂粒径为3.5mm。
实施例2:一种功能型保水剂
其原料按重量百分比包括:高分子吸水树脂71%,月桂醇乙氧基硫酸铵 0.3%,电厂脱硫石膏0.3%,花椒叶0.6%,烟草秸秆粉0.5%,硼酸0.4%,磷酸一铵复合肥0.4%,腐熟干鸡粪2%,腐植酸15%,二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯 5%,白砂糖1.5%。
其中高分子吸水树脂的原料按重量份数计包括:丙烯酸60份、耐盐性单体丙烯酰胺2份、NaOH20份、交联剂N-(2-氨乙基-3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷和3- 氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷0.02份、过硫酸钾引发剂0.02份、明胶2份、改性粉料(使用包括有稻壳粉、秸秆粉、麦麸粉的混合粉料)2份、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺3份、N,N-二异丙基乙胺2份、鎓盐型多肽缩合试剂5份、辣椒粉和薄荷油混合驱鼠剂5份。
基于上述原料选择及配比,使用以下步骤制作:
步骤一、制备A料:将丙烯酸与水按质量比1:10混合,于冰水浴中加入耐盐性单体、氢氧化钠,搅拌得均匀的混合液;在25℃室温条件下,在体系中滴加部分交联剂、引发剂,在氮气保护条件下,引发反应;待体系黏度达到100 厘泊,向体系中加入明胶,搅拌至明胶溶解;待体系黏度达到1300厘泊,将体系迅速降温,并同时加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、改性粉料、N,N-二异丙基乙胺、多肽缩合试剂、驱鼠剂,再滴加余下部分的交联剂和引发剂,搅拌均匀。
步骤二、制备B料:将A料转移至反应槽中,升温至55℃,再次激活加成聚合反应,同步激活明胶-NH2与基质材料-COOH的成肽反应、改性粉料-OH和驱鼠剂-OH与-COOH的酯化反应,保温反应4小时,常温反应24小时。
步骤三、B料反应结束后,产物经剪切、干燥、粉碎,得到功能型高分子吸水树脂产品。
步骤四、挤压造粒
a.将月桂醇乙氧基硫酸铵、石膏、花椒叶粉、烟草秸秆粉、硼酸、复合肥、腐熟干鸡粪、腐植酸与白砂糖加入到研磨机中研磨,得到80目混合物;
b.将研磨后的混料加入到搅拌机中,与一定比例的异氰酸酯混合均匀;
c.将高分子吸水树脂送入对辊挤压造粒机,之后将步骤b中二次混料加入对辊挤压造粒机后进行挤压造粒,并烘干;
d.将所造颗粒送入筛分机进行筛分,得到功能型保水剂。
得到的球形功能性保水剂粒径为6mm。
实施例3:以实施例1所得保水剂进行检测
本产品依据行业标准NY886-2016《农林保水剂》进行数据检测。
对实施例1所获得的保水剂进行相关功能检测,检测获得的技术数据详见下表1:
表1:实施例1的功能性保水剂的检测结果
序号 | 检测项目 | 单位 | 技术要求 | 检测结果 |
1 | 吸水倍数 | g/g | 100~700 | 460 |
2 | 吸盐水(0.9%NaCl)倍数 | g/g | ≥30 | 95 |
3 | 水分含量,% | / | ≤8 | 0.4 |
4 | PH(1:1000倍稀释) | / | 6.0~8.0 | 7.3 |
5 | 粒度(2.00~4.75mm),% | / | ≥90 | 98 |
实施例1所得到的保水剂具有颗粒完整性好、吸水倍数大的特点,由此可证实施例1高分子吸水树脂的各组分比例适中,保证吸水树脂的吸水保水性能;其次,粒度数据表明,该实施例的挤压造粒配方造粒粘结效果适度,各组分配比适宜,肥效功能组分不影响高分子吸水树脂的吸水效果,同时,本实施例挤压造粒配方配比保证了保水剂颗粒大小均匀一致性和每个颗粒粘结完整性。
市面上保水剂普遍是单一组分的高分子吸水树脂,复合成粒的保水剂极少,未见可适用于肥料掺混、同施的保水剂颗粒产品,相比较其他产品保水剂,针对实施例1所得到保水剂及检测结果,可知本保水剂在功能性、生态性和施工便携性的优势在于:
1)吸水单元与耐盐性单体、改性粉料、驱鼠剂通过官能团间的化学反应,进行化学交联,形成复杂的三维空间网络,结构相比较简单的物理混合更稳定,吸水、保水、耐盐碱、防病驱鼠效果更持久。
2)保水剂含有丰富的亲水性官能团(羟基、羧基和氨基),通过耐盐性单体、改性粉料等结构的引入,使得制备的保水剂产品具有复杂的孔隙结构,表现出优异的吸水性、耐盐碱性;同时大大提高聚丙烯酸保水剂的可降解性,消除了丙烯酸型保水剂难降解、土壤板结等问题的隐患。
3)所用交联剂为硅烷偶联型,此交联剂具有有机-无机基团,可以在有机 (保水剂)-无机(粉料、土壤)界面之间形成强力较高的化学键,提高了保水剂颗粒的粘结性,同时,增加了保水剂颗粒施用后土壤团粒结构的形成。
4)保水剂富含有机质、微量元素。不仅吸水保水,还可以缓释肥效,抗病驱鼠,起到提质降本、促根壮苗、抗倒伏的效果;此外,薄荷油的成分、辣椒粉含有的辣椒素、烟草秸秆粉含有的烟碱及花椒叶的味道所具有的防病驱虫功能,大幅度减少化学农药的使用,对生产绿色有机食品提供了技术支撑。
5)保水剂中的明胶组分,待降解后可成为植物和土壤提供各种氨基酸养料;改性粉料、脱硫石膏等可以改善土壤的凝聚性,增加土壤团粒结构,对盐碱地土壤的治理具有积极的影响。此外,脱硫石膏采用热电厂环保除尘设备脱硫脱硝的固体废弃物,将其应用于保水剂颗粒中,为实现废物的资源化利用提供了一条途径。
6)本功能型保水剂的合成方法简单,同一失水剂,适用于成肽反应和酯化反应的活化和脱水,本发明所选用的单体及合成方法,大大降低了生产工艺难度;通过对各组分配比的严格控制,制备出的高吸水树脂具有优异的吸去离子水、吸盐水和可降解性能。
7)所改进并使用的造粒工艺简单,易操作,便于大规模生产和推广。
8)功能型保水剂造粒时,各组分间的粘结效果显著,造粒结构使得保水剂多功能复合,成粒大小适宜,易于与肥料掺混,便于机械施工。
对于图2的说明如下:
经查阅资料,1453cm-1和1550cm-1为COONa红外特征吸收峰;聚合物骨架 -CH2-的红外特征吸收峰:asCH:2939cm-1、sCH2856 cm-1红外谱图表明了聚丙烯酸钠的结构。
羧酸基的特征吸收峰如下:
C=O:1721cm-1;-OH:1410cm-1;C-O:1228cm-1
证明了羧酸基的存在。
伯氨基的特征吸收峰如下:
CN:1049cm-1;-NH2:3436cm-1
证明了-NH2的存在。
因此红外谱图表征了实施例保水剂的基本结构特征。
Claims (10)
1.一种功能型保水剂,其原料包括有高分子吸水树脂,其特征在于,所述高分子吸水树脂的原料按重量份数计包括:丙烯酸40~60份、耐盐性单体2~5份、NaOH 13~20份、交联剂0.02~2份、引发剂0.02~2份、明胶2~5份、改性粉料2~12份、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺1~3份、N,N-二异丙基乙胺2~5份、多肽缩合试剂2~5份、驱鼠剂2~5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种功能型保水剂,其特征在于,其原料按重量百分比包括:高分子吸水树脂45~75%,月桂醇乙氧基硫酸铵0.3~0.8%,石膏0.2~0.6%,花椒叶0.5~1%,烟草秸秆粉0.5~1%,硼酸0.3~1%,复合肥0.3~0.8%,腐熟干鸡粪2~5%,腐植酸10~30%,异氰酸酯5~10%,白砂糖1~5%。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种功能型保水剂,其特征在于,所述耐盐性单体为2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯腈中的任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种功能型保水剂,其特征在于,所述交联剂为N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三异丙烯氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨乙基-3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷中的任意一种或任意几种的组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种功能型保水剂,其特征在于,所述引发剂为过硫酸铵或过硫酸钾。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种功能型保水剂,其特征在于,所述改性粉料为稻壳粉、秸秆粉、麦麸粉、膨润土、凹凸棒土、高岭土、蒙脱土中的任意一种或任意几种的组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种功能型保水剂,其特征在于,所述多肽缩合试剂为鎓盐型多肽缩合试剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种功能型保水剂,其特征在于,所述驱鼠剂为薄荷油、辣椒粉中的任意一种或任意两者的组合。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种功能型保水剂,其特征在于,所述高分子吸水树脂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1,制备A料:将丙烯酸与水按质量比1:10~1:15混合,于冰水浴中加入耐盐性单体、氢氧化钠,搅拌得均匀的混合液;在0~40℃条件下滴加75%的交联剂、引发剂,在氮气保护条件下,引发反应;待体系黏度达到50~200厘泊,向体系中加入明胶,搅拌至明胶溶解;待体系黏度达到200~2000厘泊,将体系迅速降温,并同时加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、改性粉料、N,N-二异丙基乙胺、多肽缩合试剂、驱鼠剂,再滴加余下部分的交联剂和引发剂,搅拌均匀,即得A料;
S2,制备B料:将A料转移至反应槽中,升温至35~60℃,再次激活加成聚合反应,同步激活明胶-NH2与基质材料-COOH的成肽反应、改性粉料-OH和驱鼠剂-OH与-COOH的酯化反应,保温反应3~5小时,常温反应24小时即得B料;
S3,将B料经剪切、干燥、粉碎,得到功能型的高分子吸水树脂。
10.根据权利要求2所述一种功能型保水剂,其特征在于,通过以下步骤制得:
a.将月桂醇乙氧基硫酸铵、石膏、花椒叶粉、烟草秸秆粉、硼酸、复合肥、腐熟干鸡粪、腐植酸与白砂糖加入到研磨机中研磨,得到60~100目的混合物料,所述石膏为电厂脱硫石膏,所述复合肥为磷酸一铵、磷酸二铵和/或磷酸二氢钾;
b.将研磨后的混料加入到搅拌机中,与异氰酸酯混合均匀,所述异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯和/或二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯;
c.将高分子吸水树脂送入对辊挤压造粒机,之后将步骤b所得混料加入对辊挤压造粒机后进行挤压造粒,并烘干;
d.将所造颗粒送入筛分机进行筛分,得到功能型保水剂为球形,且粒径是2~6mm。
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