CN115179387B - 3D printing preparation method for wood pile type PZT support structure composite material driver - Google Patents

3D printing preparation method for wood pile type PZT support structure composite material driver Download PDF

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CN115179387B
CN115179387B CN202210589536.6A CN202210589536A CN115179387B CN 115179387 B CN115179387 B CN 115179387B CN 202210589536 A CN202210589536 A CN 202210589536A CN 115179387 B CN115179387 B CN 115179387B
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pzt
composite material
support structure
printing
pile type
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CN115179387A (en
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袁晰
李江
张斗
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Central South University
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Central South University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
    • B28B11/045—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers by dipping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
    • B28B11/243—Setting, e.g. drying, dehydrating or firing ceramic articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
    • H10N30/06—Forming electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/20—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators
    • H10N30/204—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators using bending displacement, e.g. unimorph, bimorph or multimorph cantilever or membrane benders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/80—Constructional details
    • H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
    • H10N30/875—Further connection or lead arrangements, e.g. flexible wiring boards, terminal pins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a 3D printing preparation method of a driver of a wood pile type PZT support structure composite material, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing PZT ceramic slurry; s2, 3D printing to prepare a PZT bracket structure green body; s3, sintering; s4, impregnating resin; s5, 3D printing electrode patterns; s6, polarization. The invention can realize the integrated forming preparation of the flexible piezoelectric composite material, the method is simple, short-time and efficient, the process for preparing the flexible piezoelectric composite material has flexible and adjustable shape and size, and simultaneously, the interdigital electrodes or the plane electrodes with different sizes can be selected for integrated encapsulation according to the use requirements of the flexible piezoelectric composite material.

Description

3D printing preparation method for wood pile type PZT support structure composite material driver
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of flexible piezoelectric composite materials, in particular to a 3D printing preparation method of a driver of a wood pile type PZT bracket structure composite material.
Background
Piezoelectric ceramics are the most common intelligent materials, can be used as drivers or sensors, and are widely applied to the fields of ultrasonic transducers, medical imaging, optical devices and the like. However, the processing technology of the traditional massive piezoelectric ceramics and piezoelectric polymer composite materials is complex, the structural design and regulation are difficult, and the requirements of complex intelligent structures are difficult to meet. The 3D printing process is introduced into the manufacture of ceramic components, provides brand new possibility for solving the problems and challenges, and is widely applied to the fields of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers, sensing, energy acquisition and the like. However, there have been no reports on the piezoelectric driving field, the driving and sensing integrated device, and the like.
The flexible piezoelectric fiber composite material is a typical piezoelectric device and has the advantage of integration of driving and sensing, and is formed by compounding high-molecular polymers such as piezoelectric ceramics and epoxy resin, so that the problems of high brittleness and poor toughness of the traditional piezoelectric ceramic material are solved, and the flexible piezoelectric fiber composite material has good flexibility and rigidity and is widely applied to the fields of sensing, driving and health monitoring.
The preparation of the traditional piezoelectric composite material needs to be subjected to ceramic piece green body preparation, sintering, cutting, resin filling and thinning; the interdigital electrode needs to be customized and subjected to laser processing, and then the interdigital electrode and the piezoelectric compound are packaged, so that the preparation can be completed. The process flow is long, the interdigital electrode is required to be customized, and the cutting method can only cut plane materials, so that the shape and the size are limited.
In the prior art, the packaging method of the flexible piezoelectric fiber composite material generally comprises the steps of firstly cutting a ceramic sheet which is prepared and polarized completely, then filling epoxy resin, thinning, packaging an interdigital electrode, specifically, firstly cutting a piezoelectric ceramic sheet which is prepared by sintering into a fiber array, then compounding the fiber array with resin, then customizing the interdigital electrode, arranging a laminated structure according to the sequence of an upper electrode, a middle piezoelectric fiber composite layer and a lower electrode, and finally obtaining the flexible piezoelectric fiber composite material through packaging hot pressing. The method is mainly suitable for preparing the planar flexible piezoelectric composite. However, the method is in face of irregular shapes, and the ceramic plate and the electrode are required to be independently prepared when the non-standard sample is prepared, so that the process is long in time. And when the desired sample is of a non-planar configuration, the method is completely incapable of preparation. The process flow from raw materials to devices is long, time consuming and limited by the dicing method, and the shape of the composite is limited and can only be planar. Therefore, there is a need for a device that incorporates 3D printing into flexible piezoelectric composite fabrication that effectively addresses these difficulties.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the 3D printing preparation method of the driver of the wood pile type PZT support structure composite material, which can realize the integrated forming preparation of the flexible piezoelectric composite material, has the advantages of simple, short-time and high-efficiency method, flexible and adjustable shape and size of the process for preparing the flexible piezoelectric composite material, and can select interdigital electrodes or plane electrodes with different sizes for integrated encapsulation according to the use requirements of the flexible piezoelectric composite material, thereby solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for preparing a driver 3D printing of a wood pile type PZT support structure composite material, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing PZT ceramic slurry;
s2, 3D printing to prepare a PZT bracket structure green body;
s3, sintering;
s4, impregnating resin;
s5, 3D printing electrode patterns;
s6, polarization.
Preferably, the PZT ceramic slurry comprises PZT piezoelectric ceramic powder, a solvent, a dispersing agent, an adhesive and a plasticizer; the solvent is 30-70 wt% of the total mass of the PZT ceramic slurry; the adhesive is 1-10wt% of the PZT piezoelectric ceramic powder; the dispersing agent is 1-5wt% of PZT piezoelectric ceramic powder; the plasticizer is 1-5 wt% of the PZT piezoelectric ceramic powder.
Preferably, the solvent is one or more of ethanol, xylene and n-hexane; the binder is polyvinyl butyral; the dispersing agent is triethyl phosphate; the plasticizer is one or a mixture of more of polyethylene glycol and dibutyl phthalate.
Preferably, the support structure in the step S2 is a wood pile type support structure.
Preferably, the sintering in the step S3 is to sinter the green compact of the PZT bracket structure at 1200-1300 ℃ to prepare the PZT ceramic bracket.
Preferably, the impregnating resin in the step S4 is specifically that the sintered PZT ceramic stent is impregnated into the resin, cured for 24 hours at normal temperature, and polished until the ceramic fibers are exposed on both sides after curing.
Preferably, in the 3D printing electrode pattern of step S5, the electrode pattern is printed on the surface of the support using a 3D printer using conductive paste.
Preferably, the conductive paste is conductive silver paste or conductive copper paste; the printing electrode pattern is a planar electrode or an interdigital electrode of any shape.
Preferably, the polarization is specifically: and leading out the lead from the electrode, and carrying out polarization under an electric field of 1.5-3 kV/mm to finish the preparation.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) The method can realize the rapid preparation of piezoelectric composite materials with different electrode types, arbitrary sizes and arbitrary shapes, and compared with the original cutting filling method, the 3D printing process omits the cutting step and the interdigital electrode preparation step, greatly saves time and improves the preparation efficiency.
2) The piezoelectric composite with different structural shapes can be flexibly designed and manufactured according to application scenes, can be applied to the fields of sensing, driving and energy collection, and can be randomly adjusted in size to adapt to actual conditions, namely active inhibition of an aerospace structure and collection of micro mechanical energy of a human body.
3) The preparation method can realize rapid preparation aiming at different shapes, sizes and even non-planar structures. The electrode does not need to additionally customize the interdigital electrode, thereby greatly improving the production efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation steps of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an interdigital electrode type double-layer support piezoelectric composite in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the free strain of the mixed solvent PZT slurry printed interdigital electrode type piezoelectric composite in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an interdigital electrode type curved piezoelectric composite in example 3;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the impedance phase angle spectrum of an ethanol solvent PZT slurry printed interdigital electrode type curved piezoelectric composite in example 3;
in the figure, 1-interdigital electrodes; 2-resin; 3-piezoelectric support.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A3D printing preparation method of a wood pile type PZT support structure composite material driver is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following specific steps:
1. and mixing the PZT piezoelectric ceramic powder with a solvent, a dispersing agent, a binder, a plasticizer and the like to prepare the 3D printing piezoelectric ceramic slurry.
2. And printing the ceramic slurry on a 3D printer to form a bracket structure green body with a certain shape and size, and drying. The support structure is a wood pile type support structure. The structure can ensure that a 3-3 piezoelectric composite with three-dimensional communication is formed between the resin and the PZT piezoelectric ceramic, and the interface bonding effect between the resin and the PZT piezoelectric ceramic is improved, so that the overall performance of the composite is improved.
3. Sintering the bracket green body at 1200-1300 ℃ to prepare the PZT ceramic bracket.
4. And compounding the bracket with the resin 2, curing and compounding, polishing the surface, and exposing the ceramic phase on one side or two sides.
5. And printing the electrode on the surface of the bracket by using a 3D printer by using conductive paste.
6. And (3) polarizing the sample under an electric field of 1.5-3 kV/mm to finish the preparation.
Further, the solvent is one or more of ethanol, dimethylbenzene and normal hexane, and the content of the solvent is 30-70% of the total mass of the slurry; the binder is polyvinyl butyral, and the content of the binder is 1-10wt% of the mass of PZT powder; the dispersing agent is triethyl phosphate, and the content of the dispersing agent is 1-5wt% of the mass of the PZT powder; the plasticizer is one or more of polyethylene glycol and dibutyl phthalate, and the content is 1-5 wt% of the PZT powder.
Further, the conductive paste may be any conductive paste solidified at normal temperature, such as silver paste or copper paste.
Further, the printed electrode pattern may be any shape of planar electrode, interdigital electrode, or other structure electrode.
The method can realize the rapid preparation of piezoelectric composite materials with different electrode types, arbitrary sizes and arbitrary shapes, and compared with the original cutting filling method, the 3D printing process omits the cutting step and the interdigital electrode preparation step, greatly saves time and improves the preparation efficiency.
Example 2
The interdigital electrode type piezoelectric composite is printed by using the mixed solvent PZT slurry, and the steps are as follows:
1. the PZT-5A piezoelectric ceramic powder and ethanol and xylene mixed solvent are selected as raw materials for preparation. Firstly, 8mL of ethanol and 8mL of dimethylbenzene are weighed and put into a ball milling tank, 30g of PZT powder is weighed and put into the ball milling tank, 0.3g of polyvinyl butyral, 0.3g of polyethylene glycol, 0.3g of dibutyl phthalate and 0.3g of triethyl phosphate are weighed and put into the ball milling tank, and after ball milling is carried out for 24 hours, the slurry is poured out. And adjusting the solid phase content of the ball-milled slurry to 85wt% to obtain the mixed solvent-based PZT piezoelectric ceramic slurry.
2. And installing the slurry into a needle cylinder after removing bubbles, and installing the slurry onto a 3D printing platform. The diameters of the needle and the mouth are respectively adjusted to 400 mu m, the extrusion pressure is 0.5MPa, a double-layer bracket structure is printed, and the green compact is dried for 24 hours at room temperature for standby.
3. The green body was sintered at 1200 ℃.
4. The sintered stent is immersed in the Ailada 2020 epoxy resin and cured for 24 hours at normal temperature. And polishing the two sides after curing until the ceramic fibers are exposed.
5. The low-temperature conductive silver paste is used as electrode paste to be filled into a needle cylinder, the needle cylinder is mounted on a 3D printing platform, and the interdigital electrode 1 with the interdigital distance of 2mm is printed under program control.
6. The electrode is led out of the lead wire, and polarized at 1.5kV/mm, so that a sample is prepared, and the piezoelectric bracket 3 has a double-layer structure as shown in figure 2.
Drive test
The piezoelectric composite sample prepared in this example was tested for free strain at-400 to 1200V, and as shown in FIG. 3, it can be seen that the piezoelectric composite sample of this example had a longitudinal strain of 600ppm and a transverse strain of 400ppm. The prepared compound has the characteristics of flexibility and large strain, and can be used as a driver to effectively drive structures such as a cantilever beam and the like to generate obvious deformation or inhibit the vibration of the structures in actual use.
Example 3
The interdigital electrode type bending-shaped piezoelectric composite is printed by using ethanol solvent PZT slurry, and the steps are as follows:
1. the PZT-5A piezoelectric ceramic powder and ethanol solvent are selected as raw materials for preparation. Firstly, weighing 30g of PZT powder in a 15mL ethanol ball milling tank, putting the PZT powder in the ball milling tank, weighing 0.5g of polyvinyl butyral, 0.5g of polyethylene glycol and 0.5g of dibutyl phthalate in the ball milling tank, ball milling for 12 hours, and pouring out slurry. The solid phase content of the ball-milled slurry was adjusted to 80wt%.
2. And installing the slurry into a needle cylinder after removing bubbles, and installing the slurry onto a 3D printing platform. The diameters of the needle and the mouth are respectively regulated to 600 mu m, the extrusion pressure is 0.6MPa, a double-layer bracket structure with a curved shape is printed, and the green body is dried for 12 hours at room temperature for standby.
3. The green body was sintered at 1300 ℃.
4. The sintered stent is immersed in the Ailada 2020 epoxy resin and cured for 24 hours at normal temperature. And polishing the two sides after curing until the ceramic fibers are exposed.
5. The low-temperature conductive silver paste is used as electrode paste to be filled into a needle cylinder, the needle cylinder is mounted on a 3D printing platform, and the interdigital electrodes with the interdigital distance of 1.5mm are printed under program control.
6. The electrode lead was polarized at 2.0kV/mm to prepare a sample as shown in FIG. 4.
Impedance spectrum testing
The composite samples of this example were impedance spectrum tested on an Agilent 4990 instrument. As shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that the composite phase angle difference can reach about 150 °, indicating that the polarization is good and the piezoelectricity is good. The piezoelectric composite with the bending structure can better adapt to the driving requirement of special shapes, and has excellent shape adaptation property.
PZT in the present invention is an abbreviation of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics, and the composite material in the patent specifically refers to a piezoelectric composite material.
The invention can flexibly design and manufacture piezoelectric composites with different structural shapes according to application scenes, can be applied to the fields of sensing, driving and energy collection, and can be randomly adjusted in size to adapt to actual conditions, namely active inhibition of aerospace structures and collection of micro mechanical energy of human bodies. The preparation method can realize rapid preparation aiming at different shapes, sizes and even non-planar structures. The electrode does not need to additionally customize the interdigital electrode, thereby greatly improving the production efficiency.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The 3D printing preparation method of the wood pile type PZT support structure composite material driver is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparing PZT ceramic slurry: the PZT ceramic slurry comprises PZT piezoelectric ceramic powder, a solvent, a dispersing agent, a binder and a plasticizer; the solvent is 30-70 wt% of the total mass of the PZT ceramic slurry; the adhesive is 1-10wt% of the PZT piezoelectric ceramic powder; the dispersing agent is 1-5wt% of PZT piezoelectric ceramic powder; the plasticizer is 1-5wt% of PZT piezoelectric ceramic powder;
s2, 3D printing to prepare a PZT bracket structure green body;
s3, sintering;
s4, impregnating resin;
s5, 3D printing electrode patterns;
s6, polarization.
2. The method for 3D printing preparation of a wood pile type PZT support structure composite material driver according to claim 1, wherein: the solvent is one or more of ethanol, dimethylbenzene and normal hexane; the binder is polyvinyl butyral; the dispersing agent is triethyl phosphate; the plasticizer is one or a mixture of more of polyethylene glycol and dibutyl phthalate.
3. The method for 3D printing preparation of a wood pile type PZT support structure composite material driver according to claim 1, wherein: the support structure in the step S2 is a wood pile type support structure.
4. The method for 3D printing preparation of a wood pile type PZT support structure composite material driver according to claim 1, wherein: and the sintering in the step S3 is to sinter the green compact of the PZT bracket structure at 1200-1300 ℃ to prepare the PZT ceramic bracket.
5. The method for 3D printing preparation of a wood pile type PZT support structure composite material driver according to claim 1, wherein: the impregnating resin in the step S4 is specifically that the PZT ceramic bracket after sintering is impregnated into the resin, cured for 24 hours at normal temperature, and polished until ceramic fibers are exposed on both sides after curing.
6. The method for 3D printing preparation of a wood pile type PZT support structure composite material driver according to claim 1, wherein: in the 3D printing electrode pattern of the step S5, the electrode pattern is printed on the surface of the support with a 3D printer using the conductive paste.
7. The method for 3D printing preparation of a wood pile type PZT support structure composite material driver according to claim 6, wherein: the conductive paste is conductive silver paste or conductive copper paste; the printing electrode pattern is a planar electrode or an interdigital electrode of any shape.
8. The method for 3D printing preparation of a wood pile type PZT support structure composite material driver according to claim 1, wherein: the polarization is specifically: and leading out the lead from the electrode, and carrying out polarization under an electric field of 1.5-3 kV/mm to finish the preparation.
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