CN115178681A - Method for integrally forming bottom of large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank - Google Patents
Method for integrally forming bottom of large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank Download PDFInfo
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- CN115178681A CN115178681A CN202210798311.1A CN202210798311A CN115178681A CN 115178681 A CN115178681 A CN 115178681A CN 202210798311 A CN202210798311 A CN 202210798311A CN 115178681 A CN115178681 A CN 115178681A
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- spinning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
- B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
- B21D51/38—Making inlet or outlet arrangements of cans, tins, baths, bottles, or other vessels; Making can ends; Making closures
- B21D51/44—Making closures, e.g. caps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/14—Spinning
- B21D22/16—Spinning over shaping mandrels or formers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention provides a method for integrally forming the bottom of a large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank, which comprises the following steps of 1) preforming, 2) solid solution, 3) spin forming, 4) artificial aging and 5) machining. Carrying out solid solution treatment on the preformed shallow disc-shaped workpiece in an overhead aluminum alloy quenching furnace; the obtained workpiece is subjected to processes of 1-pass shearing spinning, multi-pass common spinning and multi-pass power spinning to realize the basic attachment of the inner profile of the workpiece and the profile of a spinning core mold; and carrying out artificial aging and machining on the obtained workpiece in sequence. The invention can realize the precision and the integrity of the bottom of the large-diameter deep-cavity storage boxThe method comprises the steps of forming a body, utilizing good plasticity of the heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy in a quenching induction period, adopting a process scheme of solid solution first and spinning, avoiding the influence of heat treatment deformation on the forming precision and consistency of the product, and adjusting the diameter
The profile deviation after the box bottom is formed is controlled within 3 mm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aerospace storage tank manufacturing, in particular to a method for integrally forming a large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank bottom.
Background
In the aerospace field, the large-diameter ellipsoidal tank bottoms such as the tank bottoms of carrier rocket storage tanks are mainly processed by a split welding process of melon petals and top covers, and the process has the problems of large number of welding seams, low product reliability and manufacturing precision, long manufacturing period, high labor intensity and the like. The integrally formed box bottom is adopted to replace a tailor-welded structure box bottom, so that main welding seams on the box bottom can be eliminated, and the manufacturing precision, reliability and production efficiency of the box bottom are effectively improved.
At present, the bottom of a large-diameter ellipsoidal storage tank is mainly formed integrally by drawing and spinning processes. Chinese patent CN 106363067B discloses an integral forming device for a bottom of a fuel tank of a spacecraft and a forming method thereof, wherein the bottom of the tank is manufactured by a hydrodynamic deep drawing fluid high-pressure forming method. Compared with a deep drawing process, the spinning belongs to a local continuous forming process, has the advantages of small requirement on the tonnage of equipment, simple process equipment, good mechanical performance of products, high forming precision, high material utilization rate and the like, and is a preferred process scheme for integrally forming the bottom of the large-diameter storage tank.
The large-diameter ellipsoidal bottom such as the bottom of a carrier rocket storage tank is usually made of heat-treatable reinforced aluminum alloy such as 2A14, 2219, 2195 and the like, and the products are large-diameter thin-wall deep-cavity structural members, the diameter-thickness ratio can reach over 1200, and the requirement on forming precision is high. After the product is formed, heat treatment is usually carried out to improve the strength of the product, and then the problem of heat treatment deformation is caused, so that the forming precision is influenced, and great troubles are brought to the subsequent product processing. For the bottom of the large-diameter deep-cavity storage tank, the control of heat treatment is realized, and the control of the forming precision of products after spinning forming and heat treatment is a great problem in the processing of the products. Chinese patent CN 108637602B discloses a method for forming a large-size thin-wall aluminum alloy storage tank hemispherical shell, wherein the storage tank shell adopts a process of firstly spinning forming and then heat treatment, the heat treatment adopts spray quenching, and a workpiece is arranged on a support disc during the heat treatment. The method can control the heat treatment deformation to a certain extent, but has limited control effect and low product consistency. Chinese patent CN 105107917B discloses a method for forming a hemispherical shell of a storage tank with improved mechanical properties, wherein the shell of the storage tank adopts a process of 'spinning preforming, heat treatment and spinning final forming', the method not only needs two sets of spinning core moulds and is high in tooling cost, but also the diameter of the spinning core mould in final forming is only 2-4 mm smaller than that of the hemispherical body of the spinning core mould in preforming, namely, the preforming realizes large deformation of a workpiece, the shape is corrected by spinning after heat treatment, and for the bottom of the storage tank with a large-diameter deep cavity, the problems of difficulty in secondary clamping, easiness in bulging and the like are caused in final spinning.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for integrally forming the bottom of a large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the integral forming method of the bottom of the large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank is provided, pre-forming small deformation is carried out before solid solution, and spinning large deformation is carried out after solid solution; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preforming:
gradually pressing a circular plate blank made of a heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy material into a shallow disc-shaped workpiece from outside to inside through a drum pressing die on drum pressing equipment;
s2, solid solution:
carrying out solid solution treatment on the shallow disc-shaped workpiece obtained in the step S1 in an overhead aluminum alloy quenching furnace, and immersing into water; controlling deformation through a heat treatment tool in the heat treatment process;
s3, spinning forming:
spinning the shallow disc-shaped workpiece subjected to the solution treatment in the step S2 on a double-spinning-wheel numerical control spinning machine to realize the basic fit of the inner profile of the workpiece and the profile of a spinning core mold;
the spinning core mold surface is designed according to a spinning workpiece theoretical inner mold surface, the spinning workpiece theoretical inner mold surface is a rotary curved surface formed by offsetting 3.5-6.0 mm from the theoretical inner mold surface of a final product to the inner side and arranging a 150-200 mm technological straight edge at the large end;
the spinning forming adopts one-step shearing spinning, multi-step ordinary spinning and multi-step power spinning processes;
s4, artificial aging:
performing artificial aging on the workpiece subjected to spinning forming in the step S3, and controlling deformation through a heat treatment tool in the heat treatment process;
s5, machining:
and (4) carrying out internal and external surface machining on the workpiece subjected to the artificial aging in the step (S4).
Furthermore, in the step S3, the process straight edge can be used as a clamping area for subsequent processing, and simultaneously, the rigidity of the workpiece can be improved, and the method is beneficial to spinning forming and heat treatment deformation control.
Further, in the step S3, the spinning core mold is manufactured by machining after integral casting of ZG35 CrMo.
Further, in the step S3, the large end face of the workpiece is turned on the spinning machine once before or between passes of the common spinning, so as to ensure that the large end face of the workpiece is smooth, and simultaneously, C5-t chamfers are turned on the inner side of the large end face of the workpiece, so that the risk of material cracking during spinning is reduced; where t represents the material thickness in this region.
Further, in the step S3, each pass of the spin forming is performed at room temperature without heating.
Further, in the step S3, the spinning-formed spinning wheel fillet radius R p ＝20～25mm。
Further, in the step S3, the total reduction ratio of the workpiece formed by spinning should be controlled within 40%.
Further, in the step S3, the rotation speed of the spinning core mold during spinning forming is 15 to 20r/min.
The method for integrally forming the bottom of the large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can realize the precise and integral forming of the bottom of the large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank, and can avoid the influence of heat treatment deformation on the forming precision and consistency of products by utilizing the good plasticity of the heat-treatable reinforced aluminum alloy in the quenching induction period and adopting the process scheme of solid solution before spinning, so that the diameter of the large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank can be reduced
The profile deviation after the box bottom is formed is controlled within 3 mm. Meanwhile, a pressing drum pre-forming process is arranged before spinning forming, so that the risk of generation of defects such as cracking and wrinkling during spinning forming can be greatly reduced, and the wall thickness uniformity of a product after spinning forming is improved by utilizing the characteristic that the wall thickness of a workpiece increases from the center to the end opening after the pressing drum and combining the sine law of spinning. The product can be formed by adopting a set of large spinning core moulds. Compared with the traditional tailor-welded structure storage tank bottom, the method can greatly improve the manufacturing precision and reliability of the storage tank bottom, shorten the development period by more than 30 percent and reduce the labor intensity by more than 70 percent.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the bottom of a storage tank with a prior tailor-welded structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a preform of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of spin forming of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method for integrally forming the bottom of the large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank provided by the invention is further described in detail by combining the attached drawings and specific embodiments. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all used in a non-precise ratio for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly aiding in the description of the embodiments of the invention.
Examples
The embodiment provides a method for integrally forming the bottom of a large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank, which comprises the following steps of:
1) Preforming;
referring to fig. 2, a circular plate blank made of heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy is gradually pressed into a shallow disc-shaped workpiece from outside to inside on a drum pressing device through a drum pressing mold.
The size of a molded surface in the central area of the shallow disc-shaped workpiece is SR 1 The profile size in the port area is SR 2 ，SR 2 ＜SR 1 ，SR 1 According to the theoretical profile size of the product.
2) Solid solution;
carrying out solid solution treatment on the shallow disc-shaped workpiece obtained in the step 1) in an overhead aluminum alloy quenching furnace, immersing into water, and controlling deformation through a heat treatment tool in the heat treatment process.
3) Spinning and forming;
referring to fig. 3, spinning the workpiece obtained in the step 2) on a double-spinning-wheel numerical control spinning machine, and basically attaching the inner profile of the workpiece to the profile of the spinning core mold through one-step shearing spinning, multi-step common spinning and multi-step heavy spinning.
The spinning core mold surface is designed according to the spinning workpiece theoretical inner mold surface, the spinning workpiece theoretical inner mold surface is a rotary curved surface formed by offsetting 3.5-6.0 mm from the final product theoretical inner mold surface to the inner side and arranging a 150-200 mm technological straight edge at the large end, the technological straight edge not only can be used as a clamping area for subsequent processing, but also can improve the rigidity of the workpiece, and is beneficial to spinning forming and heat treatment deformation control.
The spinning core mold is manufactured by adopting ZG35CrMo 'integral casting and machining'.
The large-end face of the workpiece is turned on the spinning machine for one time before or between passes of common spinning, so that the large-end face of the workpiece is ensured to be flat, and meanwhile, C5-t chamfers (t represents the thickness of the material in the area) are turned on the inner side of the large-end face of the workpiece, so that the risk of cracking of the material during spinning is reduced.
All the steps of the spinning forming are carried out at room temperature without heating.
Spinning-formed spinning wheel fillet radius R p ＝20～25mm。
The total thinning rate of the spinning formed workpiece is controlled within 40 percent.
The rotating speed of the spinning core mold during spinning forming is 15-20 r/min.
4) Artificial aging;
and 3) carrying out artificial aging on the workpiece obtained in the step 3), and controlling deformation through a heat treatment tool in the heat treatment process.
5) Machining;
carrying out internal and external surface machining on the workpiece obtained in the step 4).
Those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of the art. It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (8)
1. A method for integrally forming the bottom of a large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank is characterized in that pre-forming small deformation is carried out before solid solution, and spinning large deformation is carried out after solid solution; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preforming:
gradually pressing a circular plate blank made of a heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy material into a shallow disc-shaped workpiece from outside to inside through a drum pressing die on drum pressing equipment;
s2, solid solution:
carrying out solid solution treatment on the shallow disc-shaped workpiece obtained in the step S1 in an overhead aluminum alloy quenching furnace, and immersing into water; controlling deformation through a heat treatment tool in the heat treatment process;
s3, spinning forming:
spinning the shallow disc-shaped workpiece subjected to the solution treatment in the step S2 on a double-spinning-wheel numerical control spinning machine to realize the basic fitting of the inner molded surface of the workpiece and the molded surface of a spinning core mold;
the spinning core mold surface is designed according to the theoretical inner mold surface of a spinning workpiece, the theoretical inner mold surface of the spinning workpiece is a rotating curved surface formed by offsetting 3.5-6.0 mm from the theoretical inner mold surface of a final product to the inner side and arranging a 150-200 mm process straight edge at the large end;
the spinning forming adopts one-step shearing spinning, multi-step ordinary spinning and multi-step power spinning processes;
s4, artificial aging:
carrying out artificial aging on the workpiece subjected to spinning forming in the step S3, and controlling deformation through a heat treatment tool in the heat treatment process;
s5, machining:
and (4) carrying out internal and external surface machining on the workpiece subjected to the artificial aging in the step (S4).
2. The method for integrally forming the bottom of the large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, a technological straight edge can be used as a clamping area for subsequent processing, the rigidity of a workpiece can be improved, and the method is beneficial to spin forming and heat treatment deformation control.
3. The method for integrally forming the bottom of the large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S3, the spinning core mold is manufactured by machining after integral casting of ZG35 CrMo.
4. The method for integrally forming the bottom of the large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the large-end face of the workpiece is turned once on a spinning machine before or between passes of the ordinary spinning to ensure the flatness of the large-end face of the workpiece, and simultaneously, a C5-t chamfer is turned on the inner side of the large-end face of the workpiece to reduce the risk of material cracking during spinning; where t represents the material thickness in this region.
5. The method for integrally forming the bottom of the large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank of claim 1, wherein in the step S3, each step of the spin forming is performed at room temperature without heating.
6. The method for integrally forming the bottom of the large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank of claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the radius R of the spinning roller is the radius R of the spinning roller fillet p ＝20～25mm。
7. The method for integrally forming the bottom of the large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank of claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the total reduction rate of the spin-formed workpiece is controlled within 40%.
8. The method for integrally forming the bottom of the large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the rotation speed of the spinning core mold during spinning is 15 to 20r/min.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210798311.1A CN115178681A (en) | 2022-07-06 | 2022-07-06 | Method for integrally forming bottom of large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank |
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| CN202210798311.1A CN115178681A (en) | 2022-07-06 | 2022-07-06 | Method for integrally forming bottom of large-diameter deep-cavity ellipsoidal storage tank |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116377193A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-07-04 | 东莞汇鸿鑫精密机械有限公司 | Aluminum alloy heat treatment forming equipment |
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2022
- 2022-07-06 CN CN202210798311.1A patent/CN115178681A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116377193A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-07-04 | 东莞汇鸿鑫精密机械有限公司 | Aluminum alloy heat treatment forming equipment |
| CN116377193B (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2024-01-12 | 东莞汇鸿鑫精密机械有限公司 | Aluminum alloy heat treatment forming equipment |
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