CN115175672B - 用于管理慢性阻塞性肺病的组合物 - Google Patents
用于管理慢性阻塞性肺病的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115175672B CN115175672B CN202180015345.2A CN202180015345A CN115175672B CN 115175672 B CN115175672 B CN 115175672B CN 202180015345 A CN202180015345 A CN 202180015345A CN 115175672 B CN115175672 B CN 115175672B
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Abstract
本发明公开了包含不少于20%w/w的双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物,其用于使在肺气肿病症中受损的肺泡细胞再生以及用于慢性阻塞性肺病和急性呼吸窘迫综合征的治疗管理。该组合物还包含10‑35%w/w的去甲氧基姜黄素和10‑45%w/w的姜黄素。该组合物非常适合治疗由病毒感染,特别是COVID 19引起的COPD和ARDS,并用于改善预后期间的肺功能。
Description
相关专利申请的交叉引用
这是PCT申请,要求2020年1月17日提交的美国临时申请62962343和2020年12月17日提交的美国临时申请63126920的优先权,其详细信息通过引用并入本文。
发明领域
本发明涉及用于管理慢性阻塞性肺病的组合物。更具体地,本发明涉及包含双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物,用于肺泡再生和管理慢性阻塞性肺病和急性呼吸窘迫综合征。
背景技术
慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)是一种慢性炎症性肺病,会导致肺部气流受阻。其通常是由长期暴露于刺激性气体(如香烟烟雾、燃料燃烧、病毒感染或颗粒物)引起的。肺气肿和慢性支气管炎是促成COPD的两种最常见的疾病。
肺气肿是肺部最小气道(细支气管)末端的肺泡被破坏的病症。美国胸科学会(American Thoracic Society)对肺气肿的定义如下:“肺气肿是一种肺部病症,其特征是末端细支气管远端的空气空间异常、永久地扩大,并伴有其壁的破坏。”其是COPD的主要组成部分,并且其特点是肺泡细胞外基质破坏,肺泡毛细血管交换面积减少,这导致部分可逆的气流阻塞。这会造成脆弱的肺泡壁和弹性纤维的破坏,从而造成小气道塌陷,从而损害从肺部流出的气流。体征和症状包括呼吸急促,尤其是在体育活动期间、喘息、胸闷、可能产生粘液的慢性咳嗽、频繁的呼吸道感染、缺乏活力、无意识的体重减轻(在后期阶段)、脚踝、脚或腿肿胀(Thurlbeck等人,Emphysema:Definition,Imaging,and Quantification,Benjamin Felson lecture,AJR 1994;163:1017-1025)。
有证据表明,正常肺和COPD肺的病理特征存在显著差异。在健康个体中,细胞通过激活抗氧化、DNA修复和自噬等修复机制,通过外源性ROS对轻度损伤做出反应。如果损伤太大,细胞会衰老从而阻止致癌变化。干细胞更新在组织再生和愈合中起着重要作用。然而,在患有COPD的人中,过量的ROS会导致对肺细胞的损害增加,并因修复机制缺陷而加重。衰老细胞增加会进一步刺激炎症、肺泡破坏、内皮功能障碍,从而增加致癌变化的风险。ROS还通过静止和干细胞衰老的诱导性丧失而导致干细胞更新的丧失。这导致组织再生的丧失(Mercado等人,Accelerated ageing of the lung in COPD:new concepts,Thorax 2015;70:482–489.doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206084)。除了肺气肿性COPD,非肺气肿性COPD也很普遍(Occhipinti等人,Emphysematous and Nonemphysematous Gas Trapping inChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease:Quantitative CT Findings and PulmonaryFunction,Radiology:2018,Volume 287:Number 2—683-692)。
在COPD的晚期也观察到急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)。其特点是呼吸困难、严重低氧血、肺顺应性下降和弥漫性双侧肺部浸润。ARDS的病理学通常分为三个阶段:渗出期、增殖期和纤维化期。I型肺泡细胞受到不可逆转的损伤,并存在蛋白质、纤维蛋白和细胞碎片沉积,在裸露的空间中产生透明膜。产生表面活性剂的II型细胞的损伤也会促成肺泡塌陷。II型细胞在增殖期伴随一些上皮细胞再生、成纤维细胞反应和重塑而增殖(Udobi等人,Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome,Am Fam Physician.2003 Jan 15;67(2):315-322)。因此,COPD和ARDS均存在肺泡变性。
最近,观察到COPD可能是更严重的COVID-19疾病的危险因素(Alqahtani等人Prevalence,severity and mortality associated with COPD and smoking inpatients with COVID-19:a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS One2020;15:e0233147)。对中国1590名COVID-19患者的合并症进行的分析发现,即使在调整了年龄和吸烟后,COPD进入ICU、机械通气或死亡的优势比为2.681(95%CI 1.424–5.048;p=0.002);62.5%的重症病例有COPD病史(非重症病例中仅为15.3%),25%的死亡病例为COPD患者(幸存者中仅为2.8%)(Leung等人,COVID-19and COPD,European RespiratoryJournal 2020 56:2002108;DOI:10.1183/13993003.02108-2020)。这表明COPD是COVID-19病理学中最突出的原因。
通常,COVID-19的发病机制可分为三个阶段:疾病的第一阶段是在鼻子中,第二阶段是在导气道、支气管和细支气管中,疾病的第三阶段是致命的阶段,因为感染扩散到肺的气体交换部分并感染肺泡II型细胞。
肺泡受累(alveolar involvement)的特点是极度缺氧和炎症泛滥。除了对肺泡I型和II型细胞的损伤外,内皮也受到广泛损伤。这导致纤维蛋白原和其他血浆蛋白泄漏到肺泡中,从而削弱表面活性剂吸收到表面的能力并降低表面张力。因此,肺泡变性在病毒感染(如COVID 19)的病理学中起着至关重要的作用。
肺泡再生疗法现在被认为是管理COPD和ARDS的有效治疗。成年哺乳动物的器官再生能力似乎仅限于肝脏。然而,在组织而不是整个器官水平上,哺乳动物可以不断地替换构成表皮、肠内胚层、血液、神经元等的细胞。最近发现,视黄酸可以在实验性受损的成年大鼠肺中诱导肺泡再生。本发明公开了用于肺泡再生和管理COPD和ARDS的天然和新型组合物。
目前有许多天然化合物被用于管理COPD。据报道,包含姜黄素(curcumin)的姜黄组合物(Turmeric composition)可有效改善COPD和ARDS的症状。以下现有技术文件公开了姜黄,特别是姜黄素在管理COPD中的用途
1.Tang等人,Curcumin ameliorates chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseby modulating autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress through regulationof SIRT1 in a rat model,Journal of International Medical Research,2019,Vol.47(10)4764–4774.
2.Jawed等人,Effect of Turmeric on Mosquito Coil Induced Emphysema inRat Lungs,JIIMC 2018 Vol.13,No.3,141-145.
3.Moghaddam等人,Curcumin inhibits COPD-like airway inflammation andlung cancer progression in mice,Carcinogenesis vol.30 no.11 pp.1949–1956,2009.
4.Santana等人,Evidences of Herbal Medicine-Derived Natural ProductsEffects in Inflammatory Lung Diseases,Mediators of Inflammation,Volume 2016,Article ID 2348968,14 pages,http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2348968.
5.Butler和Kaifer,Herbs and Supplements for COPD(Chronic Bronchitisand Emphysema),Healthline,Updated on August 20,2018,healthline.com/health/copd/herbs-supplements,accessed 5 January 2021
姜黄含有不同的化合物,其中姜黄素、二甲氧基姜黄素和双去甲氧基姜黄素是主要活性成分。姜黄素、双去甲氧基姜黄素和去甲氧基姜黄素的生物学特性在不同疾病中有所不同,并且双去甲氧基姜黄素在管理COPD和相关功能中的作用未被评估。本发明公开了包含双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物在肺泡再生和管理COPD和ARDS症状中的生物学潜力。
本发明的主要目的是公开包含不少于20%w/w的双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物,其用于肺气肿中肺泡细胞的再生。
本发明的另一个目的是公开包含不少于20%w/w的双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物,其用于管理慢性阻塞性肺病的症状。
本发明的又一个目的是公开包含不少于20%w/w的双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物,其用于预防慢性阻塞性肺病发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征。
本发明满足上述目的并提供相关优势。
发明内容
在一个最优选的实施方案中,本发明公开了在患有肺气肿的哺乳动物中使肺泡细胞再生的方法,所述方法包括向所述哺乳动物施用包含不少于20%w/w的双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物以减少肺气肿的特征的步骤。
在另一个优选实施方案中,本发明公开对哺乳动物的慢性阻塞性肺病进行治疗管理的方法,所述方法包括向所述哺乳动物施用包含不少于20%w/w双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物以减少慢性阻塞性肺疾病的特征和症状的步骤。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,本发明公开了在哺乳动物中预防慢性阻塞性肺病发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征的方法,所述方法包括向所述哺乳动物施用包含不少于20%w/w的双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物以减少慢性阻塞性肺疾病的特征和症状的步骤。
本发明的其他特征和优点将通过以下更详细的描述并结合附图变得显而易见,这些图以示例的方式阐述了本发明的原理。
附图说明
专利或申请文件包含至少一幅彩色绘图。专利局将根据请求和支付必要的费用提供本专利或专利申请出版物的复印件以及彩色图纸。
图1A是显示与正常组和COPD对照组相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的双去甲氧基姜黄素(BDMC)治疗的COPD小鼠中HIF-1α水平的剂量依赖性降低的图示。
图1B是显示与姜黄素和去甲氧基姜黄素(DMC)相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的双去甲氧基姜黄素(BDMC)治疗的COPD小鼠中HIF-1α水平降低的图示。
图1C是显示与姜黄素C3复合物相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的包含双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物(BD3复合物)治疗的COPD小鼠中HIF-1α水平的剂量依赖性降低的图示。
图2A是显示与正常组和COPD对照组相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的双去甲氧基姜黄素(BDMC)治疗的COPD小鼠中表面活性剂蛋白D水平的剂量依赖性增加的图示。
图2B是显示与姜黄素和去甲氧基姜黄素(DMC)相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的双去甲氧基姜黄素(BDMC)治疗的COPD小鼠中表面活性剂蛋白D水平的剂量依赖性增加的图示。
图2C是显示与姜黄素C3复合物相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的包含双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物(BD3复合物)治疗的COPD小鼠中表面活性剂蛋白D水平的剂量依赖性增加的图示。
图3A是显示与正常组和COPD对照组相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的双去甲氧基姜黄素(BDMC)治疗的COPD小鼠中骨膜蛋白水平的剂量依赖性增加的图示。
图3B是显示与姜黄素C3复合物相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的包含双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物(BD3复合物)治疗的COPD小鼠中骨膜蛋白水平的剂量依赖性增加的图示。
图4A是显示与正常组和COPD对照组相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的双去甲氧基姜黄素(BDMC)治疗的COPD小鼠中12/15-LOX水平的剂量依赖性降低的图示。条形中的值代表12LOX,线形代表15LOX。
图4B是显示与姜黄素C3复合物相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的包含双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物(BD3复合物)治疗的COPD小鼠中12/15-LOX水平的剂量依赖性降低的图示。条形中的值代表12LOX,线形代表15LOX。
图5A是显示与正常组和COPD对照组相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的双去甲氧基姜黄素(BDMC)治疗的COPD小鼠中缓激肽水平的剂量依赖性降低的图示。
图5B是显示与姜黄素和去甲氧基姜黄素(DMC)相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的双去甲氧基姜黄素(BDMC)治疗的COPD小鼠中缓激肽水平降低的图示。
图5C是显示与姜黄素C3复合物相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的包含双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物(BD3复合物)治疗的COPD小鼠中缓激肽水平的剂量依赖性降低的图示。
图6A是显示与正常组和COPD对照组相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的双去甲氧基姜黄素(BDMC)治疗的COPD小鼠中IL-17和IL-23水平的剂量依赖性降低的图示。
图6B是显示与姜黄素C3复合物相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的包含双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物(BD3复合物)治疗的COPD小鼠中IL-17和IL-23水平的剂量依赖性降低的图示。
图7A是显示与正常组和COPD对照组相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的双去甲氧基姜黄素(BDMC)治疗的COPD小鼠中IL-6水平的剂量依赖性降低的图示。
图7B是显示与姜黄素C3复合物相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的包含双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物(BD3复合物)治疗的COPD小鼠中IL-6水平的剂量依赖性降低的图示。
图8A是显示与正常组和COPD对照组相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的双去甲氧基姜黄素(BDMC)治疗的COPD小鼠中CXCL8水平的剂量依赖性降低的图示。
图8B是显示与姜黄素C3复合物相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的包含双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物(BD3复合物)治疗的COPD小鼠中CXCL8水平的剂量依赖性降低的图示。
图9A是显示与正常组和COPD对照组相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的双去甲氧基姜黄素(BDMC)治疗的COPD小鼠中LDH水平的剂量依赖性降低的图示。
图9B是显示与姜黄素C3复合物相比用不同剂量(mg/kg体重)的包含双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物(BD3复合物)治疗的COPD小鼠中LDH水平的剂量依赖性降低的图示。
图10为正常小鼠、COPD小鼠和25mg/kg和100mg/kg BDMC治疗的小鼠的肺组织切片的免疫组化染色图,其显示肺泡II型细胞再生。
具体实施方式
在一个最优选的实施方案中,本发明公开了在患有肺气肿的哺乳动物中使肺泡细胞再生的方法,所述方法包括向所述哺乳动物施用包含不少于20%w/w的双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物以减少肺气肿的特征的步骤。在一个相关的实施方案中,该组合物还包含10-35%w/w的去甲氧基姜黄素和10-45%w/w的姜黄素。在另一个相关实施方案中,肺气肿的特征选自缺氧、肺表面活性剂蛋白水平降低、肺泡-毛细血管屏障渗透性增加、炎症、嗜中性粒细胞积累和募集增加、肺泡压力升高、氧化应激增加,炎症细胞因子和趋化因子升高,活化的T淋巴细胞数量增加和肌肉损伤。在又一个相关的实施方案中,肺气肿是由酶、病毒、细菌、烟雾和微粒刺激物诱导的。在另一个相关实施方案中,哺乳动物是人类。
在另一个优选实施方案中,本发明公开了在哺乳动物中对慢性阻塞性肺病进行治疗管理的方法,所述方法包括向所述哺乳动物施用包含不少于20%w/w双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物以减少慢性阻塞性肺病的特征和症状。在一个相关的实施方案中,该组合物还包含10-35%w/w的去甲氧基姜黄素和10-45%w/w的姜黄素。在另一个相关的实施方案中,慢性阻塞性肺病是肺气肿性的和非肺气肿性的。在另一个相关实施方案中,慢性阻塞性肺病的特征选自缺氧、肺表面活性剂蛋白水平降低、肺泡-毛细血管屏障渗透性增加、炎症、嗜中性粒细胞积累和募集增加、肺泡压力升高、氧化应激增加、炎症细胞因子和趋化因子升高、活化的T淋巴细胞数量增加和肌肉损伤。在另一个相关的实施方案中,慢性阻塞性肺病的症状选自呼吸急促,尤其是在体育活动期间、喘息、胸闷、可能产生粘液的慢性咳嗽、呼吸道感染、缺乏活力、无意识的体重减轻、脚踝、脚或腿肿胀。在又一个相关的实施方案中,慢性阻塞性肺病是由酶、病毒、细菌、烟雾和微粒刺激物诱导的。在另一个相关实施方案中,哺乳动物是人类。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,本发明公开了在哺乳动物中预防慢性阻塞性肺病发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征的方法,所述方法包括向所述哺乳动物施用包含不少于20%w/w双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物以通过减少慢性阻塞性肺病的特征和症状来预防发作性急性呼吸综合征。在一个相关的实施方案中,该组合物还包含10-35%w/w的去甲氧基姜黄素和10-45%w/w的姜黄素。在另一个相关的实施方案中,慢性阻塞性肺病是肺气肿性的和非肺气肿性的。在另一个相关实施方案中,慢性阻塞性肺病的特征选自缺氧、肺表面活性剂蛋白水平降低、肺泡-毛细血管屏障渗透性增加、炎症、嗜中性粒细胞积累和募集增加、肺泡压力升高、氧化应激增加、炎症细胞因子和趋化因子升高、活化T淋巴细胞数量增加和肌肉损伤。在另一个相关的实施方案中,慢性阻塞性肺病的症状选自呼吸急促,尤其是在体育活动期间、喘息、胸闷、可能产生粘液的慢性咳嗽、呼吸道感染、缺乏活力、无意识的体重减轻、脚踝、脚或腿肿胀。在又一个相关的实施方案中,慢性阻塞性肺病是由酶、病毒、细菌、烟雾和微粒刺激物诱导的。在另一个相关实施方案中,哺乳动物是人类。
本发明的优选实施方案在以下示例性实施例中进一步描述
实施例1:弹性蛋白酶诱导的肺气肿
将Wistar大鼠分为实验组并在麻醉下接受猪胰腺ELT的气管内给药(48.0U/mg蛋白;在0、20或160U溶解于100μl Dulbecco's无钙镁的磷酸盐缓冲盐水中)。ELT气管内给药21天后,评估大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的各种参数、肺匀浆中促炎介质的浓度和生化参数以及肺功能。(Inoue等人,Extensive analysis of elastase induced PulmonaryEmphysema in Rats:ALP in the Lung,a New Biomarker for Disease Progression?J.Clin.Biochem.Nutr.,46,168–176,March 2010)。
将大鼠分为以下几组:
为清楚起见,在上述组中给药的化合物的定义如下提供:
BDMC—双去甲氧基姜黄素(纯化合物)
姜黄素C3复合物/C3复合物—一种组合物,其包含75-81%姜黄素、15-19%去甲氧基姜黄素和2.2-6.5%双去甲氧基姜黄素。
BD3复合物—一种组合物,其包含不少于20%w/w双去甲氧基姜黄素、10-35%w/w去甲氧基姜黄素和10-45%w/w姜黄素(如美国临时申请63126920中所公开的,该申请通过引用并入本文)
姜黄素—纯姜黄素
DMC—去甲氧基姜黄素(纯化合物)
作为说明性示例,用于实验的BD3复合物的浓度为32%w/w BDMC、30%w/w DMC和38%姜黄素。然而,本领域技术人员将意识到,如以下实施例所示的效果适用于20%w/w的双去甲氧基姜黄素、10-35%w/w的去甲氧基姜黄素和10-45%w/w的姜黄素的浓度。
BALF的收集—通过腹膜内注射(50mg/kg)用戊巴比妥钠麻醉大鼠并从腹主动脉放血。将套管插入气管并用缝线固定。他们的肺在37℃用10ml无菌盐水灌洗两次,用注射器双侧注入。通过轻轻抽吸收集流体。将收集的流体冷却并以300g离心10分钟。收集上清液进行分析(Inoue等人,Extensive analysis of elastase induced Pulmonary Emphysema inRats:ALP in the Lung,a New Biomarker for Disease Progression?J.Clin.Biochem.Nutr.,46,168–176,March 2010)
肺参数
通过市售的ELISA试剂盒测量在BALF中的表面活性剂蛋白和骨膜蛋白。该测定采用定量夹心酶免疫测定技术。SP-D特异性抗体被预涂在微孔板上。将标准品和样品移液到孔中,存在的任何SP-D都会被固定化抗体结合。去除任何未结合的物质后,将特异于SP-D的生物素偶联抗体添加到孔中。洗涤后,将抗生物素蛋白缀合的辣根(Horseradish)过氧化物酶(HRP)添加到孔中。在洗涤以去除任何未结合的抗生物素蛋白-酶试剂后,将底物溶液添加到孔中,显色与初始步骤中结合的SP-D的量成比例。停止显色并测量与SP-D存在量成正比的颜色强度。
肺组织上清液中HIF-1α、12/15 LOX、IL-6、CXCL-8水平的定量
取出动物的肺并用冰冷的等渗盐水冲洗。向组织中加入含有1mM苯甲基磺酰氟、1mg/ml抑肽酶和在磷酸盐缓冲盐水中的0.05%Tween 20的4ml/g组织提取缓冲液。组织在冰上用polytron匀浆,匀浆以5000g离心15分钟。分离上清液的等分试样并用于生化分析。将上清液储存在-80℃直至细胞因子分析(Pandey等人,Multifunctionalneuroprotective effect of Withanone,a compound from Withania somnifera rootsin alleviating cognitive dysfunction.Cytokine 102(2018)211–221)。
收集用于测量IL17/IL23和LDH-A的血清
从动物的眶后神经丛取血。使样品静置2小时并离心。根据制造商的说明,使用基于夹心和竞争ELISA技术的市售试剂盒制备从不同动物组获得的血清样品,用于分析细胞因子。所有细胞因子浓度均通过在ELISA读板器上通过标准曲线内插法在450nm处进行比色测量来进行(Pandey等人,Amelioration of Adjuvant Induced Arthritis byApocynin.Phytother Res,2009 Oct;23(10):1462-8)
AT-2的免疫组化检测
使用小鼠抗人类甲状腺转录因子1(TTF-1)(克隆SPT24)M/s Masterdiagnostica,(Cat#MAD-000486QD-12)Granada对肺切片进行免疫组织化学以证明AT-2细胞。
材料
免疫化学
1)一抗:小鼠抗人甲状腺转录因子1(TTF-1)(克隆SPT24)M/s Masterdiagnostica,(Cat#MAD-000486QD-12)Granada 1:50稀释。
2)二抗:Super SensitiveTM(SS)Polymer-HRP IHC Detection System,M/sBiogenex,USA,抗小鼠和抗兔二抗
3)切片粘合剂3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APES),购自Sigma chemicals,USA。
4)在甲醇中的过氧化氢(H2O2)(3%),通过将1ml的30%H2O2添加到9ml的甲醇中来制备在甲醇中的3%H2O2。
5)抗原修复液:
a.1mM EDTA缓冲液(pH-8.4):
b.1mM EDTA,pH 8.0
c.EDTA 0.37g
d.蒸馏水1L
用1N NaOH将pH值调节至8.4。所有溶液均在临用前新鲜配制。
6)DAB加底物:3,3-二胺联苯胺四盐酸盐底物在使用时通过将1mg 3,3-二胺联苯胺四盐酸盐(Santacruz,USA)添加到1ml 0.01M PBS(其中添加了12μl的3%的H2O2)中新鲜制备。
7)0.01M磷酸盐缓冲盐水(pH-7.2):通过添加以下化学品制备10X浓度的500mlPBS:氯化钠(MW 58.44)40g、氯化钾(MW 74.56)1g、正磷酸氢二钠(MW 141.96)7.2g、无水正磷酸二氢钾(MW 136.09)1g、蒸馏水500ml。使用10X PBS通过将25ml 10X PBS添加到225ml蒸馏水中来制备1X浓度的洗涤缓冲液。向其中加入125μl Tween 20并将pH值调节至7.2。
8)用于核染色的哈里斯苏木精:哈里斯苏木精用于核染色。进行复染(Counterstaining)45秒。
制备用于IHC的有机硅烷(APES)处理的载玻片:使用以下步骤进行制备:
1.将载玻片放在架子上,用肥皂水彻底清洗,用自来水冲洗,最后用蒸馏水冲洗并完全干燥。
2.在干染色皿中制备2%的3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APES)在丙酮中的溶液。将载玻片浸入APES溶液中5-15分钟。
3.载玻片在丙酮中冲洗,然后在两次更换的蒸馏水中冲洗。让载玻片在37℃干燥2小时,然后在室温储存以备后续处理。
方法
1.将组织切片固定在涂有3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APES)的载玻片上,并在37℃干燥3小时。然后储存在4℃以供以后进一步处理。
2.使用二甲苯对石蜡组织切片进行脱蜡并使用递减等级的乙醇进行再水合。
3.用在甲醇中的3%H2O2(100μl)覆盖整个切片,从而阻断内源性过氧化物酶。将其在室温孵育15分钟,然后用3次更换的洗涤缓冲液洗涤。
4.通过将组织切片浸入含有EDTA缓冲液(pH 8.4)的蒸煮器中进行热诱导表位修复(HIER),并在达到最大压力后加热6分钟。让切片冷却至室温约30分钟,然后用三次更换的洗涤缓冲液洗涤。
5.添加一抗:添加即用型小鼠抗人甲状腺转录因子1(TTF-1)(克隆SPT24)以覆盖切片。随后,切片在室温在加湿室中孵育1小时,并如前所述用洗涤缓冲液洗涤。
6.添加二抗:将Super SensitiveTM(SS)Polymer-HRP IHC Detection System,M/s Biogenex,USA,抗小鼠和抗兔二抗添加到切片中,并在室温在加湿室中孵育30分钟。如前所述,孵育后的切片用PBS洗涤。
7.添加DAB和底物:将新鲜制备的3,3-二胺联苯胺四盐酸盐(DAB)与3%H2O2倒入以覆盖切片。将其孵育15-20分钟或直到达到所需的染色强度。之后用三次更换的蒸馏水再次清洗切片。
8.用哈里斯苏木精进行核复染45秒。切片用蒸馏水洗涤,用升级乙醇脱水,用二甲苯清除,用DPX封固剂(mounting media)盖上盖玻片。
结果
缺氧
缺氧是一种没有足够的氧气进入体内细胞和组织的病症。即使血流正常,其也可能发生。其可能导致许多严重的,有时甚至危及生命的并发症。通常,肺细胞在急性和慢性肺部疾病、高海拔旅行和胎儿发育过程中会出现缺氧。慢性缺氧导致炎症增加,肺泡变性导致肺气肿,这是导致COPD和ARDS发展的致病因素之一。缺氧诱导因子(HIF-1)信号传导通路在COPD中被激活,HIF-1α和VEGF等相关蛋白的过度表达与肺功能下降、生活质量下降和COPD进展有关。
最近的证据表明,缺氧是重症COVID-19患者的主要病理生理特征和主要死亡原因,并且伴随疾病的所有阶段。HIF-1α的蛋白质靶标参与严重缺氧诱导的促炎细胞因子表达的激活以及COVID-19的后续炎症过程和细胞因子风暴阶段。
在本研究中,评估了BDMC对降低HIF-1α水平的作用,并与姜黄素、DMC进行了比较。结果表明,BDMC以剂量依赖性方式降低HIF-1α的水平(图1A)。与姜黄素和DMC相比,BDMC也非常有效(图1B),表明BDMC在减少缺氧方面的非显而易见的作用。与姜黄素C3复合物相比,包含BDMC、姜黄素和DMC的组合物(BD3复合物)通过降低升高的HIF-1α水平也有效减少缺氧(图1C)。
表面活性剂蛋白
肺表面活性剂对生命至关重要,因为它排列肺泡以降低表面张力。表面活性剂的主要功能包括:1)降低气液界面的表面张力,从而防止呼气末肺泡塌陷;2)与病原体相互作用并随后杀死病原体;3)调节免疫反应。表面活性剂成分主要由肺泡II型细胞合成,该细胞合成表面活性剂SP-A、SP-B和SP-D,统称为胶凝素。它们与病毒、细菌结合以促进病原体的清除。肺泡界面中的宿主防御要求极高,因为即使是中等程度的炎症和渗出也会损害气体交换。由于SP-A和SP-D存在于粘液层和肺泡表面,它们被良好地安置,因此可以很好地通过病毒中和、凝集和增强的吞噬作用来防止上皮细胞的感染。SP-A和/或SP-D与甲型流感病毒的血球凝集素和神经氨酸酶结合以抑制它们的活性。肺胶凝素还与病毒(包括HIV、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)和严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)冠状病毒)的糖蛋白结合。以下文件公开了表面活性剂蛋白的重要性,其通过引用并入本文:
1.Qi L等人,The ability of pandemic influenza virus hemagglutinins toinduce lower respiratory pathology is associated with decreased surfactantprotein D binding.Virology.2011;412:426–434.
2.Meschi J,等人,Surfactant protein D binds to human immunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)envelope protein gp120 and inhibits HIV replication.J GenVirol.2005;86:3097–3107.
3.Hickling TP,等人,A recombinant trimeric surfactant proteinDcarbohydrate recognition domain inhibits respiratory syncytial virusinfection in vitro and in vivo.Eur J Immunol.1999;29:3478–3484.
4.Leth-Larsen R等人,The SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein isselectively recognized by lung surfactant protein D and activatesmacrophages.Immunobiology.2007;212:201–211.
在本研究中,评估了BDMC对增加表面活性剂蛋白D水平的作用,并与姜黄素、DMC进行了比较。结果表明,BDMC以剂量依赖性方式增加表面活性剂蛋白D的水平(图2A)。与姜黄素和DMC相比,BDMC也非常有效(图2B),表明BDMC的作用是非显而易见的。与姜黄素C3复合物相比,包含BDMC、姜黄素和DMC的组合物(BD3复合物)在增加表面活性剂蛋白D的水平方面也是有效的(图2C)。
骨膜蛋白
肺毛细血管渗漏随后血液流入肺泡的空气空间是肺损伤进展的关键步骤。这种流入是由于肺泡-毛细血管屏障的渗透性增加。毛细血管和上皮细胞之间的细胞外基质(ECM)参与预防流入,并且ECM架构由骨膜蛋白组织,骨膜蛋白是一种定位于肺泡壁的基质细胞蛋白。骨膜蛋白上的结合位点有助于结缔组织的机械强度。其增强了紧密接近的分子间相互作用并将它们组装成细胞外基质架构。
在本研究中,COPD患者骨膜蛋白水平显著降低。BDMC以剂量依赖性方式增加骨膜蛋白的水平(图3A)。与姜黄素C3复合物相比,包含BDMC、姜黄素和DMC的组合物(BD3复合物)在提高骨膜蛋白水平方面也是有效的(图3B)。
肺泡损伤中的12和15脂氧合酶
嗜中性粒细胞向肺的积累和募集是肺损伤发展的关键事件。嗜中性粒细胞向肺中的募集发生在激活、血管内积累以及跨内皮和跨上皮迁移的级联过程中。12/15-LOX通过调节趋化因子/趋化因子受体稳态来调节嗜中性粒细胞向肺的募集。其还通过多不饱和脂肪酸的酶促氧化产生具有免疫调节特性的脂质介质。据报道,受控和定时的12/15-LOX表达可以促进炎症的消退。然而,其失调的活性会促成组织损伤、细胞死亡和慢性炎症。
在本研究中,COPD患者12/15-LOX水平显著升高。BDMC以剂量依赖性方式降低12/15-LOX的水平(图4A)。包含BDMC、姜黄素和DMC的组合物(BD3复合物)也可有效降低12/15-LOX的水平(图4B)。
缓激肽
缓激肽是一种蛋白质激肽组的生理和药理活性肽,由九个氨基酸组成。其是一种有效的内皮依赖性血管扩张剂和温和的利尿剂,可造成血压降低。其还引起支气管和肠道中非血管平滑肌的收缩,增加血管渗透性,并且还与疼痛机制有关。
在本研究中,COPD中的缓激肽水平显著升高,表明血管渗透性、炎症和疼痛增加。BDMC以剂量依赖性方式降低缓激肽水平(图5A)。与姜黄素和DMC相比,BDMC在降低升高水平的缓激肽水平方面也非常有效(图5B)。包含BDMC、姜黄素和DMC的组合物(BD3复合物)也可有效降低缓激肽水平(图5C),从而降低疼痛、炎症和血管渗透性。
免疫标志物IL-1、IL-23和IL-6
COPD患者支气管黏膜中活化的T淋巴细胞数量增加。据报道,T辅助17型(Th17)细胞在IL-22和IL-23的控制下释放白细胞介素(IL)-17作为其效应细胞因子。这随之在诱导患者支气管中的嗜中性粒细胞和组织重塑方面发挥作用。IL-17在鼠肺上皮细胞中的过表达会诱导具有COPD样表型(牵涉CD4细胞的募集、粘液分泌过多和小气道纤维化)的肺部炎症。其还诱导许多趋化因子(包括CXCL1和CXCL 8)和基质金属蛋白酶9的表达。
有大量证据表明COPD中存在嗜中性粒细胞炎症。香烟烟雾、氧化应激、细菌和病毒通过气道上皮细胞中的核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号传导激活嗜中性粒细胞炎症。巨噬细胞也被激活并吸引Th17细胞以释放IL-17,从而刺激上皮细胞释放IL-6和CXCL8。嗜中性粒细胞释放嗜中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶,其是粘液分泌的有效诱导剂。嗜中性粒细胞还会产生氧化应激,从而进一步激活炎症并诱导皮质类固醇抗性。
在本研究中,COPD患者的IL-17和IL-23水平显著升高,表明嗜中性粒细胞炎症增加。BDMC以剂量依赖性方式降低这些炎症标志物的水平(图6A)。包含BDMC、姜黄素和DMC的组合物(BD3复合物)也可有效降低IL-17和IL-23水平(图6B),从而减少炎症和细胞因子和趋化因子的流入。COPD中IL-6水平显著升高。BDMC和BD3复合物以剂量依赖性方式降低IL6的水平(图7A和7B)。
COPD中炎症趋化因子升高
从肺中的上皮细胞和巨噬细胞释放的趋化因子从循环中募集炎症细胞,导致COPD的发展。炎症细胞运输由多种趋化因子协调,用选择性拮抗剂阻断是这种疾病的有效抗炎策略。在本研究中,COPD中CXCL8水平显著升高,表明炎症和趋化因子流入增加。BDMC以剂量依赖性方式降低这些CXCL8的水平(图8A)。包含BDMC、姜黄素和DMC的组合物(BD3复合物)也可有效降低CXCL8水平(图8B),从而减少炎症。
乳酸脱氢酶
乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)是催化糖酵解代谢的最后一步的酶,其通过将丙酮酸转化为乳酸,从还原的NADH再生NAD+。如果发生细胞裂解或细胞膜受损,则细胞质酶(例如LDH)会释放到细胞外空间中。在易受收缩疲劳影响的老年COPD男性患者中发现肌肉LDH活性增加。
在本研究中,COPD组LDH水平显著升高,表明肌肉损伤和疲劳增加。BDMC以剂量依赖性方式降低这些LDH的水平(图9A)。包含BDMC、姜黄素和DMC的组合物(BD3复合物)也可有效降低LDH水平(图9B)。
免疫组织化学
根据方案进行免疫组织化学,并对细胞进行染色和可视化。在正常对照组中,病灶组织显示正常的组织结构,有肺泡和支气管上皮。组织2型肺泡上皮核内染色呈阳性。在肺泡和支气管衬里细胞中观察到II型细胞的均匀分布。然而,在COPD组中,病灶组织表现为肺泡间隔弥漫性增厚,其特征是单个核细胞的强烈浸润。肺泡仍然变形。与正常对照组相比,肺泡II型阳性细胞数为零/可忽略不计。支气管上皮也偶见阳性II型细胞,表明肺泡变性增加。在用25mg/kg体重治疗的组中,病灶组织显示出肺泡间隔弥漫性增厚和单核细胞浸润。尽管肺泡在整个组织切片中仍然变形,但肺泡II型阳性细胞在整个实质中以弥漫的方式出现。与疾病对照组相比,II型阳性细胞的数量显著增加。此外,在用100mg/kg体重BDMC治疗的小鼠组中,病灶组织显示肺泡间隔弥漫性增厚和单核细胞浸润。肺泡在整个组织切片中保持变形。与疾病对照相比,II型阳性细胞为轻度至中度高。偶尔支气管上皮显示II型阳性细胞,表明因肺气肿和COPD而受损的肺泡再生(图10)。
总体而言,结果表明,BDMC本身和包含BDMC的组合物(BD3复合物)降低了组织巨噬细胞的活化,减少了缺氧,减少了促炎细胞因子、趋化因子和缓激肽,从而通过恢复肺泡毛细血管屏障使肺泡II型细胞再生。该组合物非常适合治疗由病毒感染,特别是COVID 19引起的COPD和ARDS,并用于改善预后期间的肺功能。
根据前述公开和教导,本发明的其他修改和变化对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。因此,虽然本文仅具体描述了本发明的某些实施方案,但显然在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以对其进行许多修改并且仅结合所附权利要求进行解释。
Claims (18)
1.包含不少于20%w/w的双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物在制备用于在患有肺气肿的哺乳动物中使肺泡细胞再生的药物中的用途,其中所述组合物还包含10-35%w/w的去甲氧基姜黄素和10-45%w/w的姜黄素。
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中肺气肿的特征选自缺氧、肺表面活性剂蛋白水平降低、肺泡-毛细血管屏障渗透性增加、炎症、嗜中性粒细胞的积累和募集增加、肺泡压力升高、氧化应激增加,炎症细胞因子和趋化因子升高、活化的T淋巴细胞数量增加和肌肉损伤。
3.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中肺气肿是由酶、病毒、细菌、烟雾和微粒刺激物诱导的。
4.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述哺乳动物是人类。
5.包含不少于20%w/w双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物在制备用于在哺乳动物中对慢性阻塞性肺病进行治疗管理的药物中的用途,其中所述组合物还包含10-35%w/w的去甲氧基姜黄素和10-45%w/w的姜黄素。
6.如权利要求5所述的用途,其中所述慢性阻塞性肺病是肺气肿性的和非肺气肿性的。
7.如权利要求5所述的用途,其中慢性阻塞性肺病的特征选自缺氧、肺表面活性剂蛋白水平降低、肺泡-毛细血管屏障渗透性增加、炎症、嗜中性粒细胞的积累和募集增加、肺泡压力升高、氧化应激增加、炎症细胞因子和趋化因子升高、活化的T淋巴细胞数量增加和肌肉损伤。
8.如权利要求5所述的用途,其中慢性阻塞性肺病的症状选自呼吸急促、喘息、胸闷、可能产生粘液的慢性咳嗽、呼吸道感染、缺乏活力、无意识的体重减轻以及脚踝、脚或腿肿胀。
9.如权利要求8所述的用途,其中所述呼吸急促是在体育活动期间的呼吸急促。
10.如权利要求5所述的用途,其中慢性阻塞性肺病是由酶、病毒、细菌、烟雾和微粒刺激物诱导的。
11.如权利要求5所述的用途,其中所述哺乳动物是人类。
12.包含不少于20%w/w双去甲氧基姜黄素的组合物在制备用于在哺乳动物中预防慢性阻塞性肺病发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征的药物中的用途,其中所述组合物还包含10-35%w/w的去甲氧基姜黄素和10-45%w/w的姜黄素。
13.如权利要求12所述的用途,其中所述慢性阻塞性肺病是肺气肿性的和非肺气肿性的。
14.如权利要求12所述的用途,其中慢性阻塞性肺病的特征选自缺氧、肺表面活性剂蛋白水平降低、肺泡-毛细血管屏障渗透性增加、炎症、嗜中性粒细胞的积累和募集增加、肺泡压力升高、氧化应激增加、炎症细胞因子和趋化因子升高、活化的T淋巴细胞数量增加和肌肉损伤。
15.如权利要求12所述的用途,其中慢性阻塞性肺病的症状选自呼吸急促、喘息、胸闷、可能产生粘液的慢性咳嗽、呼吸道感染、缺乏活力、无意识的体重减轻以及脚踝、脚或腿肿胀。
16.如权利要求15所述的用途,其中所述呼吸急促是在体育活动期间的呼吸急促。
17.如权利要求12所述的用途,其中慢性阻塞性肺病是由酶、病毒、细菌、烟雾和微粒刺激物诱导的。
18.如权利要求12所述的用途,其中所述哺乳动物是人类。
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2021
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
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"Multi-target natural products as alternatives against oxidative stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)";Priscila Baltazar Gonçalves et al.;《European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry》;第163卷;第911-931页 * |
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EP4090340A1 (en) | 2022-11-23 |
US11925606B2 (en) | 2024-03-12 |
CA3164013A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 |
WO2021146648A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 |
AU2021207536A1 (en) | 2022-08-11 |
EP4090340A4 (en) | 2024-02-21 |
JP2023512489A (ja) | 2023-03-27 |
CN115175672A (zh) | 2022-10-11 |
KR20220128382A (ko) | 2022-09-20 |
BR112022014114A2 (pt) | 2022-09-13 |
US20210220290A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 |
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