CN115175543A - Data center coupling cooling system and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Data center coupling cooling system and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a data center coupling cooling system and an operation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of energy conservation. The air-conditioning system mainly comprises a fresh air prefilter, a sky radiation refrigeration module, an air mixing unit, a tail end filter, a humidifier, a vapor compression refrigeration module and a cold channel closed system. The sky radiation refrigeration module is integrated in a fresh air cooling system of the data center, and a coupling operation method under various meteorological conditions is designed; cold energy is obtained through the sky radiation refrigeration module, outdoor fresh air and the air-cooled water chilling unit, a plurality of working modes are formed based on outdoor air parameters, data center design parameters and the cooling potential of the sky radiation refrigeration module, when a natural cold source is available, complete or partial natural cooling is adopted, and a mechanical cold source is used as supplement, so that the requirement of air supply temperature and humidity is met; the refrigeration energy consumption and the water consumption of a machine room are effectively reduced, the natural cold source is utilized to the maximum extent, and the feasibility and the economy of the system in the transformation of an original fresh air system are guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy conservation, and particularly relates to a data center coupling cooling system and an operation method thereof.
Background
The natural cooling of the data center is an important means for saving energy and reducing consumption of the data center, the fresh air cooling in the natural cooling of the data center in the prior art is widely concerned due to the advantages of simple structure, high cooling efficiency, economical use and the like, however, the natural cooling has several problems that most researches in the field are considered in detail at present: 1) Because the benefit of power saving is far higher than that of water saving, most researches in the field do not consider further reduction of water consumption of a DC (data center) cooling system, but according to the published water consumption data, the data center industry is becoming a potential water consumption department, and fresh air cooling has higher humidification water consumption; 2) The environmental problem of global warming is becoming more severe, the natural cooling technology can reduce the power consumption of DC so as to reduce the carbon footprint, but all the power consumption of DC is almost converted into low-grade waste heat, and the natural cooling technology adopted by the DC at present diffuses the waste heat into the living environment, which may be difficult to solve the global warming caused by the problem of thermal pollution; 3) Fresh air cooling with outdoor air as a single cold source has strict requirements on environmental conditions, including various temperature and humidity and air quality standards, and natural cooling potential of fresh air cooling is not fully exerted due to more limited conditions. Further coupling of other natural cooling sources and natural cooling means is one possible improvement to the above-mentioned problem. Unfortunately, few data center cooling systems have been investigated so far that couple multiple natural cooling modes.
Now, a novel natural cooling technology is rising, and is called sky radiation refrigeration in the industry, waste heat is diffused to a space background close to 3K in a reproducible and completely passive mode through two atmospheric windows (8-14um, 16-25 um) with high transmittance to heat radiation, and the sky radiation refrigeration is widely concerned and researched by the advantages of simple structure, strong plasticity, no energy consumption, zero water consumption, no environmental influence and the like. However, the research on coupling sky radiation refrigeration as a natural cooling system of a data center is still insufficient at present.
In order to solve the above problems, chinese patent CN109757078A provides a data center cooling system with a sky radiation refrigeration module, a phase change heat transfer device, a cold compensation cold accumulation and ventilation device, which is implemented by connecting the sky radiation refrigeration module, a refrigeration unit and an underground cold accumulation device through two-position three-way valves, and further arranging a heat exchanger connected with an available cold source in an air duct, so as to realize free switching of cold accumulation, refrigeration and cold release modes, and utilize a natural cold source to a greater extent. Chinese patent CN211977127U proposes a data center heat pipe air conditioning system combining an outdoor wind side heat exchanger, a sky radiation refrigeration module and a cold accumulation device, the implementation method is to connect an evaporator with the outdoor heat exchanger or the sky radiation refrigeration module group through a gas collector, set a cold accumulation tank behind the sky radiation refrigeration module, control through a PLC control module, the system refrigeration range and intensity are improved, however, the cooling mode design and switching are not flexible enough, it is difficult to realize the natural cold source maximization under the complex meteorological conditions, and it may cause unavailability in some occasions without setting a mechanical refrigeration module. Chinese patent CN112432275A proposes a novel air conditioning system with a cold storage device, a water source heat pump, a sky radiation refrigeration module, a combined air conditioning box, and a water side natural cooling device, which is implemented by associating the water source heat pump and the sky radiation refrigeration module through the energy storage device, and connecting two heat exchange coils to meet the heat exchange requirement of the combined air conditioning box, and the water source heat pump can reduce the energy consumption of the air conditioning system by means of the energy storage device and a cooling tower, and can flexibly perform mode switching at the same time. Chinese patent CN114071954A proposes a container data center cooling system coupled with a sky radiation refrigeration module, and combines a wind-side natural cooling module and a water-side natural cooling module, in which the sky radiation refrigeration module is installed on a container box, and a cold-hot water tank and a water storage tank are provided to maintain a stable water supply temperature of the data center, the water-side natural cooling module is connected with a cold-water tank in a form of a closed cooling tower, and the wind-side natural cooling module is installed on the box, the system can freely switch cooling modes according to different meteorological conditions, and simultaneously, an interface capable of freely installing the wind-side natural cooling module and the water-side natural cooling module according to the requirements of the container data center is designed, however, the system does not consider the specific coupling mode and coupling operation method of the fresh air cooling module and the sky radiation refrigeration module, and is designed based on a water-cooling backplane data center, and is not suitable for upgrading and transforming a common fresh air natural cooling system of the data center, and at the same time, three natural cooling sources are coupled, so that the control method is complicated and practical.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a data center coupling cooling system and an operation method thereof, wherein a sky radiation refrigeration module is integrated in a data center fresh air cooling system, and coupling operation methods under various meteorological conditions are designed; the system obtains cold quantity through the sky radiation refrigeration module, outdoor fresh air and the air-cooled water chilling unit, multiple working modes are formed based on outdoor air parameters, data center design parameters and the cooling potential of the sky radiation refrigeration module, complete or partial natural cooling is used when a natural cold source is available, a mechanical cold source is used for supplementing, the requirement of air supply temperature and humidity of the data center is met, the energy consumption and the water consumption of a cooling system of the data center are effectively reduced, the natural cold source is utilized to the maximum degree, and the transformation feasibility and the economical efficiency of the system on an original fresh air system are guaranteed.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a data center coupling cooling system which comprises a fresh air duct shutter, a fresh air prefilter, a four-way air valve, a sky radiation refrigerating module, an air mixing unit, a tail end filter, a humidifier, a vapor compression refrigerating module, a cold channel closed system, a first three-way air valve, an exhaust air duct shutter and a second three-way air valve, wherein the fresh air duct shutter is arranged on the top of the air mixing unit;
the cold channel closed system is arranged in the container data center, a hot air outlet of the container data center is connected with an input end of a first three-way air valve, a first output end of the first three-way air valve is connected with an exhaust air channel shutter, a second output end of the first three-way air valve is connected with an input end of a second three-way air valve, a first output end of the second three-way air valve is connected with an input end of the air mixing unit, and a second output end of the second three-way air valve is connected with a first input end of the four-way air valve; the fresh air duct shutter is connected with the input end of the fresh air prefilter, and the output end of the fresh air prefilter is connected with the second input end of the four-way air valve; the first output end of the four-way air valve is connected with the input end of the air mixing unit, and the second output end of the four-way air valve is connected with the input end of the sky radiation refrigerating module; the output end of the sky radiation refrigeration module is connected with the input end of the air mixing unit; the output end of the air mixing unit is connected with the input end of the terminal filter, the output end of the terminal filter is connected with the input end of the humidifier, the output end of the humidifier is connected with the input end of the vapor compression refrigeration module, and the output end of the vapor compression refrigeration module is connected with a cold air inlet of a container data center.
Preferably, the sky radiation refrigeration module comprises a plurality of refrigeration units which are connected in parallel, and each refrigeration unit sequentially comprises a heat insulation layer, an isolation heat conduction layer, an air flow channel, a pressure-sensitive adhesive, a sky radiation refrigeration film, a shielding air gap and a shielding material from bottom to top; each refrigerating unit inlet is provided with a shutoff valve; the inlet of the air flow channel is connected with the total air inlet channel, the outlet of the air flow channel is connected with the total air outlet channel, the total air inlet channel is connected with the second output end of the four-way air valve, and the total air outlet channel is connected with the input end of the air mixing unit.
Further preferably, a baffle plate for enhancing heat transfer is arranged in the air flow channel.
Preferably, the vapor compression refrigeration module comprises a cooling coil, a chilled water pump, an air-cooled water chilling unit and a condensing fan; the air side input end of the cooling coil is connected with the output end of the humidifier, and the air side output end of the cooling coil is connected with the cold air inlet; the cooling coil, the chilled water pump and the air-cooled water chilling unit are sequentially connected to form chilled water circulation, and the condensing fan is arranged right opposite to a condenser of the air-cooled water chilling unit.
Preferably, the cabinets in the container data center are arranged face-to-face; the cold channel sealing system comprises a perforated floor, a sealing partition plate, an air supply static pressure layer, an air supply cold channel and an air exhaust hot channel; the air supply static pressure layer is arranged at the lower part of the perforated floor and is connected with the cold air inlet, the perforated floor is arranged between the cabinets, the two sides of the perforated floor are respectively communicated with the air supply static pressure layer and the air supply cold channel, and the closed partition plates are arranged at the peripheral side and the upper end of the air supply cold channel; the exhaust heat channel is connected with the air outlet of the cabinet and the hot air outlet.
Preferably, the humidifier is an isenthalpic humidifier, the filtering grade of the fresh air prefilter is not lower than MERV8, and the filtering grade of the tail end filter is not lower than MERV 11.
Preferably, a fresh air fan is arranged between the fresh air duct louver and the input end of the fresh air prefilter; a cold air fan is arranged between the output end of the sky radiation refrigeration module and the input end of the air mixing unit, an air supply fan is arranged between the output end of the steam compression refrigeration module and the cold air inlet, and an exhaust fan is arranged between the hot air outlet and the input end of the first three-way air valve.
Preferably, a first temperature sensor, a first humidity sensor and a first air gauge are arranged between the fresh air duct louver and the input end of the fresh air prefilter; a second temperature sensor and a second air gauge are arranged between the output end of the sky radiation refrigeration module and the input end of the air mixing unit; a third temperature sensor and a second humidity sensor are arranged between the output end of the air mixing unit and the input end of the tail end filter; a third humidity sensor is arranged between the output end of the humidifier and the air side input end of the vapor compression refrigeration module; a fourth temperature sensor is arranged in the steam compression refrigeration module; a fifth temperature sensor and a third air gauge are arranged between the air side output end of the vapor compression refrigeration module and the cold air inlet; a sixth temperature sensor and a fourth air gauge are arranged between the hot air outlet and the input end of the first three-way air valve; a fifth air gauge is arranged between the first output end of the second three-way air valve and the input end of the air mixing unit; and a sixth air gauge is arranged between the second output end of the second three-way air valve and the first input end of the four-way air valve.
The invention discloses an operation method of the data center coupling cooling system, which comprises the following working modes:
the natural fresh air mode: when the outdoor fresh air temperature is less than or equal to the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center and the moisture content of the outdoor fresh air is within the allowable range of the air supply moisture content of the data center, starting a natural fresh air mode; at the moment, the sky radiation refrigeration module, the vapor compression refrigeration module and the humidifier do not operate, the first input end and the second output end of the four-way air valve are closed, the first output end and the second output end of the first three-way air valve are opened, and the first output end of the second three-way air valve is opened; air supply and cold air enter a cooling cabinet of a cold channel closed system from a cold air inlet, part of return air with increased temperature leaves from a hot air outlet and is exhausted to the environment through a first output end of a first three-way air valve and an exhaust air channel shutter, the rest of return air enters an air mixing unit through a second output end of the first three-way air valve and a first output end of a second three-way air valve, part of fresh air introduced outdoors enters the air mixing unit through a fresh air channel shutter, a fresh air prefilter and a first output end of the four-way air valve and is mixed with the rest of return air, so that the temperature and the air volume of a mixed air dry bulb meet the air supply requirement of a data center, and then the mixed air returns to the cold air inlet through a terminal filter, a humidifier and a steam compression refrigeration module;
fresh air humidification mode I: when the outdoor fresh air enthalpy value is less than or equal to the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center, the fresh air moisture content is less than or equal to the minimum value of the air supply moisture content allowable range, the fresh air temperature is higher than the temperature set value of the return air radiation mode I started in the range, and the fresh air humidification mode I is started; at the moment, the sky radiation refrigeration module and the vapor compression refrigeration module do not operate, the first input end and the second output end of the four-way air valve are closed, the first output end and the second output end of the first three-way air valve are opened, and the first output end of the second three-way air valve is opened; air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air supply quantity enters the cooling cabinet of the cold channel closed system through the cold air inlet, part of return air with increased temperature leaves from the hot air outlet and is exhausted to the environment through the first output end of the first three-way air valve and the exhaust air channel shutter, and the rest of return air enters the air mixing unit through the second output end of the first three-way air valve and the first output end of the second three-way air valve; part of outdoor introduced fresh air enters the air mixing unit through the fresh air duct shutter, the fresh air pre-filter and the first output end of the four-way air valve to be mixed with the rest of the return air, so that the enthalpy value of the mixed air reaches the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center, and the air volume meets the air supply requirement of the data center; then the mixed air enters a humidifier through a tail end filter, so that the temperature of the mixed air reaches a set value of the air supply temperature of a data center, the moisture content of the mixed air reaches the minimum value of an allowable range of the moisture content of the supplied air, and the mixed air returns to a cold air inlet through a vapor compression refrigeration module;
return air radiation mode I: when the enthalpy value of outdoor fresh air is less than or equal to the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center, the moisture content of the fresh air is less than or equal to the minimum value of the air supply moisture content allowable range, the temperature of the fresh air is less than or equal to the temperature set value of the return air radiation mode I started in the range, and the return air radiation mode I is started; at the moment, the vapor compression refrigeration module and the humidifier do not operate, the second input end and the first output end of the four-way air valve are closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve is closed, and the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve are opened; air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air supply quantity enters a cooling cabinet of a cold channel closed system through a cold air inlet, return air with increased temperature leaves from a hot air outlet, part of the return air enters an air mixing unit through a second output end of a first three-way air valve and a first output end of a second three-way air valve, the rest of the return air enters a sky radiation refrigeration module through a second output end of the first three-way air valve, a second output end of the second three-way air valve and a second output end of the four-way air valve to be cooled and then enters the air mixing unit to be mixed with the original return air to a data center air supply temperature set point, and then the mixed air returns to the cold air inlet through a terminal filter, a humidifier and a steam compression refrigeration module; if the mixed air temperature is lower than the set point of the air supply temperature of the data center, reducing the return air volume entering the sky radiation refrigeration module to enable the mixed air temperature to reach the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center;
fresh air humidification mode II: when the enthalpy value of outdoor fresh air is larger than the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center and is smaller than or equal to the enthalpy value corresponding to the maximum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center, and simultaneously, the fresh air temperature is larger than the air supply temperature set value of the data center and is smaller than or equal to the return air temperature of the data center, if the temperature drop of outdoor fresh air of a cooling part of the sky radiation refrigeration module is smaller than the temperature drop set value when the mixed mode I is started, the fresh air humidification mode II is started; at the moment, the sky radiation refrigeration module and the vapor compression refrigeration module do not operate, the first input end and the second output end of the four-way air valve are closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve is opened, and the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve are closed; the air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air supply quantity enters the cooling cabinet of the cold channel closed system through the cold air inlet, and return air with increased temperature leaves from the hot air outlet and is exhausted to the environment through the first output end of the first three-way air valve and the exhaust air duct shutter; fresh air which is introduced from the outside and meets the requirement of the air supply amount enters a humidifier through a fresh air duct shutter, a fresh air prefilter, a first output end of a four-way air valve, an air mixing unit and a tail end filter, so that the temperature of the humidified fresh air reaches a set value of the air supply temperature of a data center, the moisture content meets the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply, and the humidified fresh air returns to a cold air inlet through a steam compression refrigeration module;
mixed mode I: when the enthalpy value of outdoor fresh air is larger than the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center and is smaller than or equal to the enthalpy value corresponding to the maximum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center, and simultaneously, when the fresh air temperature is larger than the air supply temperature set value of the data center and is smaller than or equal to the return air temperature of the data center, if the temperature drop of outdoor fresh air of a cooling part of the sky radiation refrigeration module is larger than or equal to the temperature drop set value when the mixed mode I is started, the mixed mode I is started; at the moment, the vapor compression refrigeration module does not operate, the first input end of the four-way air valve is closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve is opened, and the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve are closed; the air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air supply quantity enters the cooling cabinet of the cold channel closed system through the cold air inlet, and return air with increased temperature leaves from the hot air outlet and is exhausted to the environment through the first output end of the first three-way air valve and the exhaust air duct shutter; after fresh air which is introduced outdoors and meets the requirement of air supply quantity passes through a fresh air duct shutter and a fresh air prefilter, one part of the fresh air enters an air mixing unit through a first output end of a four-way air valve, the rest of the fresh air enters a sky radiation refrigeration module through a second output end of the four-way air valve to be cooled and then enters the air mixing unit to be mixed with the original fresh air, and the mixed air enters a humidifier through a tail end filter; if the state parameter of the mixed air still meets the state parameter of the fresh air in the starting condition of the mixed mode I, the humidifier works to reduce the temperature of the mixed air to the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center, and the moisture content meets the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply; if the moisture content of the mixed air meets the allowable range of the moisture content of the supplied air but the temperature of the mixed air is lower than the set value of the supplied air temperature of the data center, reducing the fresh air volume entering the sky radiation refrigeration module, enabling the temperature of the mixed air to reach the set value of the supplied air temperature of the data center, and enabling the humidifier not to work; if the mixed air enthalpy value is lower than the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center, the fresh air volume entering the sky radiation refrigeration module is reduced, so that the mixed air enthalpy value reaches the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center, then the humidifier works to reduce the mixed air temperature to the air supply temperature set value of the data center, and the moisture content reaches the minimum value of the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center; then the cold air returns to the cold air inlet through the vapor compression refrigeration module;
mechanical humidification mode: when the enthalpy value of outdoor fresh air is larger than the enthalpy value corresponding to the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center and the maximum value of the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply, the temperature of the outdoor fresh air is smaller than or equal to the return air temperature of the data center, and simultaneously the moisture content of the fresh air is smaller than or equal to the maximum value of the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply, if the temperature drop of the outdoor fresh air of the cooling part of the sky radiation refrigeration module is smaller than the set value of the temperature drop when the mixed mode II is started, the mechanical humidification mode is started; at the moment, the sky radiation refrigeration module does not operate, the first input end and the second output end of the four-way air valve are closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve is opened, and the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve are closed; the air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air supply quantity enters the cooling cabinet of the cold channel closed system through the cold air inlet, and return air with increased temperature leaves from the hot air outlet and is exhausted to the environment through the first output end of the first three-way air valve and the exhaust air duct shutter; fresh air which is introduced from the outside and meets the requirement of the air supply volume enters a humidifier through a fresh air duct shutter, a fresh air prefilter, a first output end of a four-way air valve, an air mixing unit and a tail end filter, is humidified and cooled until the moisture content of the humidified fresh air reaches the maximum value of the allowable range of the air supply moisture content of the data center, is mechanically cooled to the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center through a steam compression refrigeration module, and then returns to a cold air inlet;
and (3) a mixed mode II: when the enthalpy value of outdoor fresh air is larger than the enthalpy value corresponding to the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center and the maximum value of the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply, the temperature of the outdoor fresh air is less than or equal to the return air temperature of the data center, and simultaneously the moisture content of the fresh air is less than or equal to the maximum value of the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply, if the temperature drop of the sky radiation refrigeration module when cooling part of the outdoor fresh air is greater than or equal to the set value of the temperature drop when starting the mixed mode II, the mixed mode II is started; at the moment, the first input end of the four-way air valve is closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve is opened, and the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve are closed; the air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air supply quantity enters the cooling cabinet of the cold channel closed system through the cold air inlet, and return air with increased temperature leaves from the hot air outlet and is exhausted to the environment through the first output end of the first three-way air valve and the exhaust air duct shutter; after fresh air which is introduced from the outdoor and meets the requirement of air supply quantity passes through a fresh air duct shutter and a fresh air prefilter, one part of the fresh air enters the air mixing unit through a first output end of the four ventilation valves, the other part of the fresh air enters the sky radiation refrigeration module through a second output end of the four ventilation valves to be cooled and then enters the air mixing unit to be mixed with the original fresh air, and the mixed air enters the humidifier through a tail end filter; if the state parameters of the mixed air still meet the state parameters of the fresh air in the starting condition of the mixed mode II, the humidifier works, humidifies and cools until the moisture content of the mixed air reaches the maximum value of the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply of the data center, and the humidified mixed air is mechanically refrigerated by the steam compression refrigeration module until the temperature reaches the set point of the air supply temperature of the data center and then returns to the cold air inlet; if the state parameter of the mixed air meets the state parameter of the fresh air in the starting condition of the mixed mode I, the humidifier works and humidifies to enable the temperature of the mixed air to be reduced to a set value of the air supply temperature of the data center, the moisture content meets the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply, and then the mixed air returns to the cold air inlet through the steam compression refrigeration module; if the moisture content of the mixed air meets the allowable range of the moisture content of the supplied air but the temperature of the mixed air is lower than the set value of the supplied air temperature of the data center, the fresh air volume entering the sky radiation refrigeration module is reduced, the temperature of the mixed air reaches the set value of the supplied air temperature of the data center, the humidifier does not work, and then the mixed air returns to the cold air inlet through the steam compression refrigeration module;
return air radiation mode II: when the outdoor fresh air temperature is greater than the return air temperature of the data center or the outdoor fresh air moisture content is greater than the maximum value of the allowable range of the air supply moisture content of the data center, if the temperature drop of the cooling part of the sky radiation refrigeration module during air return is greater than or equal to the temperature drop set value during starting the return air radiation mode II, the return air radiation mode II is started; when the humidifier does not operate, the second input end and the first output end of the four-way air valve are closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve is closed, and the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve are opened; air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air supply quantity enters a cooling cabinet of a cold channel closed system through a cold air inlet, return air with increased temperature leaves from a hot air outlet, part of the return air enters an air mixing unit through a second output end of a first three-way air valve and a first output end of a second three-way air valve, the rest of the return air enters a sky radiation refrigeration module through a second output end of the first three-way air valve, a second output end of the second three-way air valve and a second output end of the four-way air valve to be cooled and then enters the air mixing unit to be mixed with the original return air, and the mixed air enters a steam compression refrigeration module through a terminal filter and a humidifier; if the mixed air temperature is higher than the set point of the air supply temperature of the data center, the steam compression refrigeration module works to cool the mixed air machine to the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center and then returns to the cold air inlet; if the mixed air temperature is lower than the set point of the air supply temperature of the data center, reducing the return air volume entering the sky radiation refrigeration module to enable the mixed air temperature to reach the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center;
mixed mode III: when the outdoor fresh air temperature is higher than the return air temperature of the data center and the moisture content of the outdoor fresh air is smaller than or equal to the maximum value of the allowable range of the air supply moisture content of the data center, if the sky radiation refrigeration module cools part of fresh air, the mixed air temperature after the cooled part of fresh air and the rest of fresh air are mixed is lower than the return air temperature of the data center, and the mixed air mode III is started; at the moment, the first input end of the four-way air valve is closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve is opened, and the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve are closed; the air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air supply quantity enters the cold channel closed system cooling cabinet through the cold air inlet, and the return air with the increased temperature leaves from the hot air outlet and is exhausted to the environment through the first input end of the first three-way air valve and the air exhaust air duct shutter; after fresh air which is introduced outdoors and meets the requirement of air supply volume passes through a fresh air duct shutter and a fresh air prefilter, one part of the fresh air enters an air mixing unit through a first output end of a four-way air valve, the other part of the fresh air enters a sky radiation refrigeration module through a second output end of the four-way air valve, the cooled fresh air enters the air mixing unit to be mixed with the original fresh air, and the mixed air enters a humidifier through a tail end filter; if the state parameter of the mixed air meets the state parameter of the fresh air in the starting condition of the mechanical humidification mode, the humidifier works, humidifies and cools until the moisture content of the mixed air reaches the maximum value of the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply of the data center, and the humidified mixed air is mechanically refrigerated by the steam compression refrigeration module until the temperature reaches the set point of the temperature of the air supply of the data center and then returns to the cold air inlet; if the state parameter of the mixed air meets the state parameter of the fresh air in the starting condition of the fresh air humidification mode II, the humidifier works to reduce the temperature of the mixed air to the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center, the moisture content meets the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply, and the mixed air returns to the cold air inlet through the steam compression refrigeration module; if the mixed air enthalpy value is lower than the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the data center air supply temperature set value and the data center air supply moisture content allowable range and the mixed air temperature is higher than the data center air supply temperature set value, the fresh air volume entering the sky radiation refrigeration module is reduced until the mixed air enthalpy value reaches the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the data center air supply temperature set value and the data center air supply moisture content allowable range, then the humidifier works to reduce the mixed air temperature to the data center air supply temperature set value, the moisture content reaches the minimum value of the air supply moisture content allowable range, and then the mixed air enthalpy value returns to the cold air inlet through the steam compression refrigeration module; if the temperature of the mixed air is less than or equal to the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center, the operation mode is switched to a return air radiation mode II;
mechanical refrigeration mode: when the outdoor fresh air temperature is higher than the return air temperature of the data center or the outdoor fresh air moisture content is higher than the maximum value of the allowable range of the air supply moisture content of the data center, if the mixed mode III and the return air radiation mode II do not meet the starting requirement, the mechanical refrigeration mode is started; at the moment, the sky radiation refrigeration module and the humidifier do not operate, the input ends and the output ends of the four-way air valve are closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve is closed, and the first output end of the second three-way air valve is opened; the air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air supply quantity enters the cold channel closed system cooling cabinet through the cold air inlet, return air with increased temperature leaves from the hot air outlet, and enters the steam compression refrigeration module through the second output end of the first three-way air valve, the first output end of the second three-way air valve, the air mixing unit and the humidifier; the steam compression refrigeration module works to perform mechanical refrigeration on the hot return air until the temperature reaches a set value of the air supply temperature of the data center and then returns to the cold air inlet.
Preferably, when the determination condition of the mixed mode III and the determination condition of the return air radiation mode II coincide, the mixed mode III is preferentially operated; forecasting by adopting a mathematical model based on sky radiation refrigeration and the actually read current load of the data center, and judging whether a mixed air temperature of a mixed air mode III in which a sky radiation refrigeration module can mix partial fresh air and residual fresh air is lower than the return air temperature of the data center; in other modes, the air inlet and outlet temperature difference of the sky radiation refrigeration module is obtained through actual operation so as to adjust the operation mode, or prediction judgment is carried out by combining a mathematical model based on sky radiation refrigeration; in the operation process, if the air outlet temperature of the sky radiation refrigeration module is lower than the dew point of the inlet air, part of the sky radiation refrigeration module is closed, and then the unit area air volume is increased, so that the air outlet temperature is raised, and the condensation in the sky radiation refrigeration module is avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the data center coupling cooling system disclosed by the invention combines the sky radiation refrigeration module into the data center fresh air cooling system, considers the coupling operation method of sky radiation refrigeration and fresh air cooling under complex environmental conditions, can flexibly switch modes according to different requirements and environmental conditions, has a natural cold source utilization mode of external fresh air introduction, isenthalpic humidification and sky radiation, improves the natural cooling potential to the maximum extent, and effectively reduces the energy consumption of the data center. Meanwhile, the wind-based sky radiation refrigeration module coupled with the system can reduce the water consumption of the humidification working condition, and can further reduce the water consumption of a fresh air cooling system of the data center on the basis of reducing the energy consumption. Part of the waste heat of the data center is finally dissipated to the universe background directly through the sky radiation refrigeration module, so that the problems of global warming and urban heat island caused by industrial waste heat of the data center can be relieved to a certain extent.
Compared with the traditional natural cooling system of the data center, the natural cooling system has stronger adaptability, the natural cooling working condition is widened, the sky radiation refrigeration module can still be adopted to cool the return air and further utilize a natural cold source when the outdoor environment condition does not allow the introduction of fresh air, and the sky radiation refrigeration module is used for strengthening the natural cooling potential when the outdoor environment condition allows the introduction of fresh air. Meanwhile, the system uses a wind-based sky radiation refrigeration module which is developed successfully, compared with other systems which combine sky radiation refrigeration technology, the system is simpler in structure, and can be economically transformed on the basis of a fresh air system. The system is verified to be suitable for most of domestic areas, and can effectively improve the natural cooling time and the natural cold source load ratio.
Furthermore, the invention can monitor the operation parameters of the whole cooling system in real time through the temperature and humidity sensor and the air gauge, and can compile system operation mode switching and equipment control programs by combining outdoor environment parameters and equipment loads, thereby realizing flexible operation mode control, minimizing mechanical refrigeration operation time, avoiding losing available natural cooling time and having higher automation degree.
The operation method of the data center cooling system coupling fresh air cooling and sky radiation cooling disclosed by the invention can form various working modes based on outdoor air parameters, data center design parameters and sky radiation cooling module cooling potential; when the natural cold source is available, complete or partial natural cooling is used, the mechanical cold source is used for supplement, the requirement of air supply temperature and humidity of the data center is met, the energy consumption and water consumption of a cooling system of the data center are effectively reduced, the natural cold source is utilized to the maximum degree, and the transformation feasibility and the economical efficiency of the system on an original fresh air system are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sky radiation refrigeration module according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an arrangement of baffles in an air flow channel of a sky radiation refrigeration module;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a data center cold aisle enclosure system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of equipment in a container data center according to an embodiment of the invention;
figure 6 is a system operation control condition zone enthalpy-humidity diagram according to the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, the position of the upper end of the main shaft, 1 is a fresh air duct shutter, 2 is a first temperature sensor, 3 is a first humidity sensor, 4 is a fresh air fan, 5 is a first air gauge, 6 is a fresh air prefilter, 7 is a four-way air valve, 8 is a sky radiation refrigeration module, 801 is an insulating layer, 802 is an isolation heat conduction layer, 803 is an air flow channel, 804 is a pressure sensitive adhesive, 805 is a sky radiation refrigeration film, 806 is a shielding air gap, 807 is a shielding material, 808 is a baffle plate, 9 is a cold air fan, 10 is a second air gauge, 11 is a second temperature sensor, 12 is an air mixing unit, 13 is a third temperature sensor, 14 is a second humidity sensor, 15 is an end filter, 16 is a humidifier, 17 is a third humidity sensor, 18 is a cooling coil 19 is a chilled water pump, 20 is an air-cooled water chiller, 21 is a condensing fan, 22 is a fourth temperature sensor, 23 is a fifth temperature sensor, 24 is an air supply fan, 25 is a third air gauge, 26 is a cold air inlet, 27 is a hot air outlet, 28 is a sixth temperature sensor, 29 is an exhaust fan, 30 is a fourth air gauge, 31 is a first three-way air valve, 32 is an exhaust air duct shutter, 33 is a second three-way air valve, 34 is a fifth air gauge, 35 is a sixth air gauge, 36 is a cabinet, 37 is a perforated floor, 38 is a closed partition, 39 is an air supply static pressure layer, 40 is an air supply cold channel, 41 is an exhaust hot channel, 42 is a container data center, a-m and q-v are air ducts, and n-p are pipelines.
Detailed Description
The structure and operation of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
referring to fig. 1, the data center coupling cooling system of the present invention mainly includes a fresh air duct louver 1, a fresh air prefilter 6, a four-way air valve 7, a sky radiation refrigeration module 8, an air mixing unit 12, a terminal filter 15, a humidifier 16, a vapor compression refrigeration module, a cold channel closing system, a first three-way air valve 31, an exhaust air duct louver 32, and a second three-way air valve 33.
The cold channel closed system is arranged in the container data center 42, a hot air outlet 27 of the container data center 42 is connected with an input end of a first three-way air valve 31, a first output end of the first three-way air valve 31 is connected with an exhaust air channel shutter 32, a second output end of the first three-way air valve 31 is connected with an input end of a second three-way air valve 33, a first output end of the second three-way air valve 33 is connected with an input end of the air mixing unit 12, and a second output end of the second three-way air valve 33 is connected with a first input end of a four-way air valve 7. Fresh air duct tripe 1 is connected with fresh air prefilter 6 input, and fresh air prefilter 6 output is connected with four-way air valve 7 second input. The first output end of the four-way air valve 7 is connected with the input end of the air mixing unit 12, and the second output end of the four-way air valve 7 is connected with the input end of the sky radiation refrigeration module 8. The output end of the sky radiation refrigerating module 8 is connected with the input end of the air mixing unit 12. The output end of the air mixing unit 12 is connected with the input end of the terminal filter 15, the output end of the terminal filter 15 is connected with the input end of the humidifier 16, the output end of the humidifier 16 is connected with the input end of the vapor compression refrigeration module, and the output end of the vapor compression refrigeration module is connected with a cold air inlet 26 of a data center cold channel closed system.
The vapor compression refrigeration module comprises a cooling coil 18, a chilled water pump 19, an air-cooled water chilling unit 20 and a condensing fan 21; the air input end of the cooling coil 18 is connected with the output end of the humidifier 16, and the air output end of the cooling coil 18 is connected with the cold air inlet 26 of the data center cold channel closed system; the cooling coil 18, the chilled water pump 19 and the air-cooled water chiller 20 are sequentially connected to form chilled water circulation, and the condensing fan 21 is arranged right opposite to a condenser of the air-cooled water chiller 20.
The humidifier 16 is an isenthalpic humidifier, and the fresh air prefilter 6 and the end filter 15 at least meet the requirements of the MERV8 and MERV 11 standards.
As shown in fig. 2, the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 is a heat exchange module for directly introducing air, and includes a plurality of refrigeration units connected in parallel, each refrigeration unit sequentially includes, from bottom to top, an insulating layer 801, an insulating and heat conducting layer 802, an air flow channel 803, a pressure-sensitive adhesive 804, a sky radiation refrigeration film 805, a shielding air gap 806, and a shielding material 807, and a baffle plate 808 for enhancing heat transfer is disposed in the air flow channel 803, as shown in fig. 3. Each refrigerating unit inlet is provided with a shutoff valve which can be independently controlled to open and close. The inlet of the air flow channel 803 in each refrigeration unit is connected with the air inlet main pipe, the outlet of the air flow channel 803 is connected with the air outlet main pipe, the air inlet main pipe is connected with the second output end of the four-way air valve 7, and the air outlet main pipe is connected with the inlet of the air mixing unit 12. The insulating layer 801 can be made of polyisocyanurate, the insulating and heat conducting layer 802 can be made of polycarbonate, the sky radiation refrigerating film 805 can be made of a metamaterial spectrum selective film, the shielding air gap 806 can be filled with air, the shielding material 807 can be made of PE (polyethylene) film, znSe (zinc selenide) or ZnS glass, and the baffle plate 808 can be made of aluminum; the average emissivity of the sky radiation refrigerating film 805 in the wave band of 8-13um should not be lower than 0.93, and the average reflectivity in the wave band of 0.25-3um should not be lower than 0.97.
As shown in fig. 4, the cold air passage closed system in the data center is composed of a cold air inlet 26, a hot air outlet 27, a cabinet 36, a perforated floor 37, a closed partition 38, a blowing static pressure layer 39, a blowing cold passage 40, and a blowing hot passage 41, wherein the cabinet 36 is arranged face to face, and air flows in the cold air passage closed system firstly through the cold air inlet 26 to the blowing static pressure layer 39 and then enters the blowing cold passage 40 through the perforated floor 37, and cold air flows from the blowing cold passage 40 into the blowing hot passage 41 due to the pressure difference established by the air flow structure, during which the cabinet 36 is cooled; the closed partition 38 is used to prevent the hot and cold air streams from mixing in such a data center cold aisle closed system that feeds back down and up.
A fresh air fan 4 is arranged between the fresh air duct louver 1 and the input end of the fresh air prefilter 6, a cold air fan 9 is arranged between the output end of the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 and the input end of the air mixing unit 12, an air supply fan 24 is arranged between the output end of the steam compression refrigeration module and a cold air inlet 26 of a data center cold channel closed system, and an air exhaust fan 29 is arranged between a hot air outlet 27 of the data center cold channel closed system and the input end of a first three-way air valve 31.
The air duct between the fresh air duct louver 1 and the input end of the fresh air prefilter 6 is provided with a first temperature sensor 2, a first humidity sensor 3 and a first air gauge 5, the air duct between the output end of the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 and the input end of the air mixing unit 12 is provided with a second temperature sensor 11 and a second air gauge 10, the air duct between the output end of the air mixing unit 12 and the input end of the end filter 15 is provided with a third temperature sensor 13 and a second humidity sensor 14, the air duct between the output end of the humidifier 16 and the input end of the steam compression refrigeration module is provided with a third humidity sensor 17, a pipeline between the chilled water input end of the cooling coil 18 in the steam compression refrigeration module and the output end of the water chilling unit 20 is provided with a fourth temperature sensor 22, the air duct between the output end of the steam compression refrigeration module and the cold air inlet 26 is provided with a fifth temperature sensor 23 and a third air gauge 25, the air duct between the hot air outlet 27 and the input end of the first three-way air valve 31 is provided with a sixth temperature sensor 28 and a fourth air gauge 30, the air gauge 33 is provided with a fifth air gauge 34 and the air duct between the first output end of the second three-way air valve 33 and the output end of the air mixing unit 12, and the output end of the fourth air valve 7 is provided with a sixth air gauge 35.
The specific connection mode of each module in the system is as follows:
the cold air inlet 26 is connected with an air supply static pressure layer 39, a perforated floor 37 is arranged on the air supply static pressure layer 39, air flow can enter an air supply cold channel 40 from the air supply static pressure layer 39 due to pressure difference, then enters an air exhaust hot channel 41 through the machine cabinet 36, and then leaves from the hot air outlet 27, so that the machine cabinet is cooled, an air cooling loop is formed spontaneously, and continuous circulation is realized.
The hot air outlet 27 is connected with the input end of an air duct s, the output end of the air duct s is connected with the input end of an exhaust fan 29, the output end of the exhaust fan 29 is connected with the input end of an air duct t, the output end of the air duct t is connected with the input end of a first three-way air valve 31, the first output end of the first three-way air valve 31 is connected with the input end of an exhaust air duct shutter 32, and the output end of the exhaust air duct shutter 32 is connected with the outdoor environment. The second output end of the first three-way air valve 31 is connected with the input end of an air duct v, the output end of the air duct v is connected with the input end of a second three-way air valve 33, the first output end of the second three-way air valve 33 is connected with the input end of an air duct h, the output end of the air duct h is connected with the input end of the air mixing unit 12, the second output end of the second three-way air valve 33 is connected with the input end of an air duct i, and the output end of the air duct i is connected with the first input end of the four-way air valve 7. The outdoor environment is connected with the input end of a fresh air duct louver 1, the output end of the fresh air duct louver 1 is connected with the input end of an air duct a, the output end of the air duct a is connected with the input end of a fresh air fan 4, the output end of the fresh air fan 4 is connected with the input end of an air duct b, the output end of the air duct b is connected with the input end of a fresh air pre-filter 6, the output end of the fresh air pre-filter 6 is connected with the input end of an air duct c, and the output end of the air duct c is connected with the second input end of a four-ventilation valve 7. The first output end of the four-way air valve 7 is connected with the input end of an air duct j, the output end of the air duct j is connected with the input end of the air mixing unit 12, the second output end of the four-way air valve 7 is connected with the input end of an air duct d, the output end of the air duct d is connected with the input end of a parallel air duct e, the output end of the parallel air duct e is connected with the input end of the sky radiation refrigeration module 8, the output end of the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 is connected with the input end of a parallel air duct f, the output end of the parallel air duct f is connected with the input end of a cold air fan 9, the output end of the cold air fan 9 is connected with the input end of an air duct g, and the output end of the air duct g is connected with the input end of the air mixing unit 12. The output end of the air mixing unit 12 is connected with the input end of an air duct k, the output end of the air duct k is connected with the input end of a terminal filter 18, the output end of the terminal filter 18 is connected with the input end of an air duct l, the output end of the air duct l is connected with the input end of a humidifier 16, the output end of the humidifier 16 is connected with the input end of an air duct m, the output end of the air duct m is connected with the input end of the air side of a cooling coil 18, the output end of the air side of the cooling coil 18 is connected with the input end of an air duct q, the output end of the air duct q is connected with the input end of an air supply fan 24, the output end of the air supply fan 24 is connected with the input end of an air duct r, and the output end of the air duct r is connected with a cold air inlet 26.
The water side output end of the cooling coil 18 is connected with the input end of a pipeline n, the output end of the pipeline n is connected with the input end of a chilled water pump 19, the output end of the chilled water pump 19 is connected with the input end of a pipeline o, the output end of the pipeline o is connected with the input end of an air-cooled water chilling unit 20, the output end of the air-cooled water chilling unit 20 is connected with the input end of a pipeline p, the output end of the pipeline p is connected with the water side input end of the cooling coil 18, and a condensing fan 21 is arranged on a condenser of the air-cooled water chilling unit 20.
The first temperature sensor 2 and the first humidity sensor 3 are arranged on an air duct a, the first air gauge 5 is arranged on an air duct b, the second temperature sensor 11 and the second air gauge 10 are arranged on an air duct g, the third temperature sensor 13 and the second humidity sensor 14 are arranged on an air duct k, the third humidity sensor 17 is arranged on an air duct m, the fourth temperature sensor 22 is arranged on a pipeline p, the fifth temperature sensor 23 is arranged on an air duct q, the third air gauge 25 is arranged on an air duct r, the sixth temperature sensor 28 is arranged on an air duct s, the fourth air gauge 30 is arranged on an air duct t, the fifth air gauge 34 is arranged on an air duct h, and the sixth air gauge 35 is arranged on an air duct i.
One specific embodiment is to apply the technical solution of the present invention to a container data center 42, the equipment layout is as shown in fig. 5, two 40HQ containers are spliced to form a container data center 42 boundary frame, one container is used for placing IT equipment, the other container is used for placing refrigeration equipment and meeting personnel activity requirements, and a combined air-conditioning box can be used to realize efficient and compact fresh air cooling. The specially designed air mixing section is connected with the air inlet and the air outlet of the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 through an air pipe, and the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 can be erected at the top of the container body of the container data center 42. The container body can adopt a good heat insulation design, the inner wall of the container body is made of Sus410L stainless steel, the heat insulation layer is made of polyurethane, the outer wall of the container body is made of Sus304 stainless steel or 5052-H36 aluminum plates, the container body adopts a front opening door and a cold channel side opening door design, a transition area between personnel activities and refrigeration equipment is arranged, a heavy heat insulation wall and a heat insulation door are arranged at necessary positions, a fresh air inlet and an exhaust air outlet are arranged on the container body, and a fresh air channel louver 1 and an exhaust air channel louver 32 can be respectively arranged on the container body. Two air-cooled water chilling units are arranged, one of the two air-cooled water chilling units is redundant, and the two air-cooled water chilling units are provided with emergency diesel generators.
The system operates in several modes, and the switching between different modes in a specific embodiment is based on the enthalpy-humidity diagram of the wet air zone of the system operation control condition zone in fig. 6, and each mode is as follows:
the natural fresh air mode: when the outdoor fresh air state parameter is located in the region C shown in fig. 6, the natural fresh air mode is started. At the moment, the sky radiation refrigeration module 8, the steam compression refrigeration module and the humidifier 16 do not operate, the first input end and the second output end of the four-way air valve 7 are closed, the rest are opened, the first output end and the second output end of the first three-way air valve 31 are opened, the first output end of the second three-way air valve 33 is opened, the second output end of the second three-way air valve is closed, the fresh air fan 4, the air supply fan 24 and the air exhaust fan 29 operate, and the cold air fan 9 is closed. The air supply cold air with the dry-bulb temperature of 18 ℃ and the relative humidity of 20% -80% and the air supply quantity meeting the requirement enters a data center cold channel closed system through a cold air inlet 26 to form an air cooling loop cooling cabinet 36 and leaves from a hot air outlet 27 in the form of hot return air, part of the return air with the dry-bulb temperature of 30 ℃ is discharged to the environment from an exhaust air channel shutter 32 through air channels s, t and u, the rest of the return air enters an air mixing unit 12 through air channels s, t, v and h, part of the new air introduced outdoors enters the air mixing unit 12 through a new air channel shutter 1 through air channels a, b, c and j to be mixed with the rest of the return air, so that the temperature of the mixed air dry bulb reaches 18 ℃ and the air quantity meets the data center air supply requirement, and then the mixed air returns to the cold air inlet 26 through air channels k, l, m, q and r.
Fresh air humidification mode I: when the outdoor fresh air state parameter is located in the area A or the area B shown in the figure 6 and the fresh air temperature is higher than 0 ℃, the fresh air humidification mode is started. At this time, the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 and the steam compression refrigeration module do not operate, the first input end and the second output end of the four-way air valve 7 are closed, the rest are opened, the first output end and the second output end of the first three-way air valve 31 are opened, the first output end of the second three-way air valve 33 is opened, the second output end is closed, the fresh air fan 4, the air supply fan 24 and the exhaust fan 29 operate, and the cold air fan 9 is closed. The air supply cold air with the dry bulb temperature of 18 ℃ and the relative humidity of 20 percent and the air supply quantity meeting the requirements enters the data center cold channel closed system through the cold air inlet 26 to form an air cooling loop cooling cabinet 36 and leaves from the hot air outlet 27 in the form of hot return air, part of the return air with the dry bulb temperature of 30 ℃ is discharged to the environment from the exhaust air duct shutter 32 through the air ducts s, t and u, the rest of the return air enters the air mixing unit 12 through the air ducts s, t, v and h, part of the fresh air is introduced outdoors through the fresh air duct shutter 1 and enters the air mixing unit 12 through the air ducts a, B, C and j to be mixed with the rest of the return air, so that the mixed air enthalpy value reaches the boundary between the B area and the D area in the graph 6 and the air quantity meets the data center air supply requirements, then the mixed air enters the humidifier 16 through the air ducts k and l, the mixed air dry bulb temperature reaches 18 ℃ through equal enthalpy humidification, and the mixed air moisture content reaches the boundary between the A area and the C area in the graph 6, and then returns to the cold air inlet 26 through the air ducts m, q and r.
Return air radiation mode I: when the outdoor fresh air state parameter is located in the area A or the area B shown in the figure 6 and the fresh air temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the return air radiation mode I is started. At this time, the vapor compression refrigeration module and the humidifier 16 do not operate, the second input end and the first output end of the four-way air valve 7 are closed, the rest of the four-way air valve 7 are opened, the first output end of the first three-way air valve 31 is closed, the second output end of the first three-way air valve is opened, the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve 33 are opened, the fresh air fan 4 is closed, and the air supply fan 24, the air exhaust fan 29 and the cold air fan 9 operate. The air supply cold air with the dry bulb temperature of 18 ℃ and the relative humidity of 20% -80% and the air supply quantity meeting the requirement enters a data center cold channel closed system through a cold air inlet 26 to form an air cooling loop cooling cabinet 36 and leaves from a hot air outlet 27 in the form of hot return air, part of the return air with the dry bulb temperature of 30 ℃ enters the air mixing unit 12 through air channels s, t, v and h, the rest return air enters the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 through the air channels s, t, v, i, d and e to be cooled, enters the air mixing unit 12 through air channels f and g to be mixed with the original return air until the dry bulb temperature reaches 18 ℃, and then the mixed air returns to the cold air inlet 26 through air channels k, l, m, q and r. If the dry bulb temperature of the mixed air is lower than 18 ℃, the return air quantity entering the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 is reduced, and the temperature of the mixed air dry bulb reaches 18 ℃.
Fresh air humidification mode II: when the outdoor fresh air state parameter is in the region D shown in fig. 6, if the temperature drop of the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 when cooling part of the outdoor fresh air is less than 4 ℃, the fresh air humidification mode ii is started. At this time, the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 and the vapor compression refrigeration module do not operate, the first input end and the second output end of the four-way air valve 7 are closed, the rest of the four-way air valve is opened, the first output end of the first three-way air valve 31 is opened, the second output end of the first three-way air valve 31 is closed, the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve 33 are closed, the fresh air fan 4, the air supply fan 24 and the exhaust fan 29 operate, and the cold air fan 9 is closed. The supplied air with the dry-bulb temperature of 18 ℃ and the relative humidity of 20-80% and the supplied air quantity meeting the requirement enters the data center cold channel closed system through the cold air inlet 26 to form the air-cooled loop cooling cabinet 36 and leaves from the hot air outlet 27 in the form of hot return air, and the return air with the dry-bulb temperature of about 30 ℃ is discharged to the environment from the exhaust air channel shutter 32 through the air channels s, t and u. Fresh air which meets the air volume requirement of the data center is introduced outdoors, enters a humidifier 16 through a fresh air duct shutter 1 through air ducts a, b, C, j, k and l, is humidified by isenthalpic humidification to enable the temperature of a humidified fresh air dry bulb to be 18 ℃, the moisture content to be between the boundary of the areas A and C and the boundary of the areas F and I, and then returns to a cold air inlet 26 through air ducts m, q and r.
Mixed mode I: when the outdoor fresh air state parameter is in the area D shown in fig. 6, if the temperature drop of the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 when cooling part of the outdoor fresh air is greater than or equal to 4 ℃, the mixed mode i is started. At this time, the vapor compression refrigeration module does not operate, the first input end of the four-way air valve 7 is closed, the rest of the four-way air valve 7 is opened, the first output end of the first three-way air valve 31 is opened, the second output end of the first three-way air valve is closed, the first output end of the second three-way air valve 33 is closed, and the fresh air fan 4, the air supply fan 24, the air exhaust fan 29 and the cold air fan 9 all operate. The supplied cold air with the dry-bulb temperature of 18 ℃ and the relative humidity of 20% -80% and the air supply quantity meeting the requirement enters the data center cold channel closed system through the cold air inlet 26 to form the air-cooled loop cooling cabinet 36 and leaves from the hot air outlet 27 in the form of hot return air, and the return air with the dry-bulb temperature of about 30 ℃ is discharged to the environment from the exhaust air channel shutter 32 through the air channels s, t and u. The fresh air part which is introduced outdoors and meets the requirement of the air supply amount enters the air mixing unit 12 through the air channels a, b, c and j, the rest enters the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 through the air channels a-e, is cooled, then enters the air mixing unit 12 through the air channels f and g to be mixed with the original fresh air, and the mixed air enters the humidifier 16 through the air channels k and l. If the state parameters of the air mixture are still located in region D, then humidifier 16 is operated and isenthalpic humidified so that the air mixture bulb temperature is reduced to 18C and the moisture content is between the boundary between regions a and C and the boundary between regions F and I. If the state parameter of the mixed air falls to the C area, the fresh air quantity entering the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 is reduced, so that the temperature of the mixed air dry bulb reaches 18 ℃, and the humidifier 16 does not work. If the state parameter of the mixed air falls to the A or B area, the fresh air volume entering the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 is reduced, so that the enthalpy value of the mixed air reaches the boundary of the B and D areas, and the post-humidifier 16 works for isenthalpic humidification, so that the temperature of a dry bulb of the mixed air is reduced to 18 ℃, and the moisture content reaches the boundary of the A and C areas. And finally back to the cool air inlet 26 via ducts m, q and r.
Mechanical humidification mode: when the outdoor fresh air state parameter is in the region F shown in fig. 6, if the temperature drop of the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 when cooling part of the outdoor fresh air is less than 2 ℃, the mechanical humidification mode is started. At this time, the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 does not operate, the first input end and the second output end of the four-way air valve 7 are closed, the rest of the four-way air valve 7 are opened, the first output end of the first three-way air valve 31 is opened, the second output end of the first three-way air valve is closed, the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve 33 are closed, the fresh air fan 4, the air supply fan 24 and the air exhaust fan 29 operate, and the cold air fan 9 is closed. The supplied cold air with the dry bulb temperature of 18 ℃ and the relative humidity of 80 percent and the supplied air quantity meeting the requirement enters the data center cold channel closed system through the cold air inlet 26 to form an air-cooled loop cooling cabinet 36 and leaves from the hot air outlet 27 in the form of hot return air, and the return air with the dry bulb temperature of about 30 ℃ is discharged to the environment from the exhaust air channel shutter 32 through the air channels s, t and u. Fresh air which is introduced from the outside and meets the requirement of air supply volume enters the humidifier 16 through air ducts a, b, c, j, k and l, is subjected to isenthalpic humidification and cooling until the moisture content of the humidified fresh air reaches the boundary of the F and I regions, then enters the steam compression refrigeration module through an air duct m, is mechanically cooled to the dry bulb temperature of 18 ℃, and then returns to the cold air inlet 26 through air ducts q and r.
And (3) a mixed mode II: when the outdoor fresh air state parameter is in the region F shown in fig. 6, if the temperature drop of the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 when cooling part of the outdoor fresh air is greater than or equal to 2 ℃, the mixed mode ii is started. At this time, the first input end of the four-way air valve 7 is closed and the rest are opened, the first output end of the first three-way air valve 31 is opened and the second output end is closed, the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve 33 are closed, and the fresh air fan 4, the air supply fan 24, the air exhaust fan 29 and the cold air fan 9 all operate. The air supply cold air with the dry bulb temperature of 18 ℃ and the relative humidity of 20% -80% and meeting the air supply quantity requirement enters the data center cold channel closed system through the cold air inlet 26 to form the air cooling loop cooling cabinet 36 and leaves from the hot air outlet 27 in the form of hot return air, and the return air with the dry bulb temperature of about 30 ℃ is exhausted from the exhaust air channel shutter 32 to the environment through the air channels s, t and u. The fresh air part which is introduced from the outdoor and meets the requirement of the air supply amount enters the air mixing unit 12 through the air channels a, b, c and j, the rest enters the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 through the air channels a-e, is cooled and then enters the air mixing unit 12 through the air channels f and g to be mixed with the original fresh air, and the mixed air enters the humidifier 16 through the air channels k and l. If the state parameters of the mixed air are still located in the region F, the humidifier 16 works, performs isenthalpic humidification and cooling until the moisture content of the mixed air reaches the boundary line between the region F and the region I, and the humidified mixed air enters the vapor compression refrigeration module through the air duct m to be mechanically refrigerated until the dry bulb temperature reaches 18 ℃ and then returns to the cold air inlet 26 through the air ducts q and r. If the state parameter of the mixed air falls to region D, humidifier 16 operates and humidifies isenthalpically so that the mixed air dry bulb temperature is reduced to 18 ℃, the moisture content is between the boundary between regions a and C and the boundary between regions F and I, and then returns to cold air inlet 26 via ducts m, q and r. If the mixed air state parameter falls to the C area, the fresh air volume entering the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 is reduced, so that the temperature of the mixed air dry bulb reaches 18 ℃, the humidifier 16 does not work, and then the mixed air dry bulb returns to the cold air inlet 26 through the air ducts m, q and r.
And (3) a return air radiation mode II: when the outdoor fresh air state parameters are located in the areas E, G, H, I, J or K shown in fig. 6, if the temperature drop of the cooling part of the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 during air return is greater than or equal to 2 ℃, the return air radiation mode ii is started. At this time, the humidifier 16 does not operate, the second input end and the first output end of the four-way air valve 7 are closed, the rest are opened, the first output end of the first three-way air valve 31 is closed, the second output end of the first three-way air valve is opened, the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve 33 are opened, the fresh air fan 4 is closed, and the air supply fan 24, the air exhaust fan 29 and the cold air fan 9 operate. The air supply and cold air with the dry bulb temperature of 18 ℃ and the relative humidity of 20% -80% and meeting the air supply quantity requirement enters a data center cold channel closed system through a cold air inlet 26 to form an air cooling loop cooling cabinet 36 and leaves from a hot air outlet 27 in the form of hot return air, part of return air at the temperature of about 30 ℃ enters the air mixing unit 12 through air channels s, t, v and h, and the rest of return air enters the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 through air channels s, t, v, i, d and e to be cooled and then enters the air mixing unit 12 through air channels f and g to be mixed with the original return air. The mixed air enters the vapor compression refrigeration module through air channels k, l and m. If the temperature of the air mixing dry bulb is higher than 18 ℃, the steam compression refrigeration module works to cool the air mixing machine to 18 ℃ and then returns to the cold air inlet 26 through the air ducts q and r. If the temperature of the mixed air drying ball is lower than 18 ℃, the return air quantity entering the sky radiation refrigerating module 8 is reduced, so that the temperature of the mixed air drying ball reaches 18 ℃, and then the mixed air drying ball returns to the cold air inlet 26 through the air ducts q and r.
Mixed mode III: when the outdoor fresh air state parameters are located in areas E, G, and H shown in fig. 6, if the mixed air temperature of the cooled part of the fresh air and the rest of the fresh air is lower than 30 ℃ when the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 cools part of the fresh air, the mixed mode iii is started. At the moment, the first input end of the four-way air valve 7 is closed and the rest are opened, the first output end of the first three-way air valve 31 is opened and the second output end is closed, the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve 33 are closed, and the fresh air fan 4, the air supply fan 24, the exhaust fan 29 and the cold air fan 9 operate. The air supply and cold air with the dry bulb temperature of 18 ℃ and the relative humidity of 20-80% and meeting the air supply quantity requirement enters the data center cold channel closed system through the cold air inlet 26 to form the air cooling loop cooling cabinet 36 and leaves from the hot air outlet 27 in the form of hot return air, and the return air with the dry bulb temperature of about 30 ℃ is discharged to the environment from the exhaust air channel shutter 32 through the air channels s, t and u. The fresh air part which is introduced from the outdoor and meets the requirement of the air supply amount enters the air mixing unit 12 through the air channels a, b, c and j, the rest enters the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 through the air channels a, b, c, d and e, is cooled and then enters the air mixing unit 12 through the air channels f and g to be mixed with the original fresh air, and the mixed air enters the humidifier 16 through the air channels k and l. If the state parameter of the mixed air is in the region F, the humidifier 16 works, performs isenthalpic humidification and cooling until the moisture content of the mixed air reaches the boundary between the regions F and I, and the humidified mixed air enters the vapor compression refrigeration module through the air duct m to be mechanically refrigerated until the dry bulb temperature reaches 18 ℃ and then returns to the cold air inlet 26 through the air ducts q and r. If the condition parameters of the mixed air are satisfied to be located in region D, then humidifier 16 is operated and isenthalpic humidified so that the temperature of the mixed air dry bulb is reduced to 18C, the moisture content is between the boundary between regions a and C and the boundary between regions F and I, and then returned to cold air inlet 26 via ducts m, q and r. If the mixed air state parameter is in the B area, the fresh air quantity entering the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 is reduced until the mixed air enthalpy value reaches the boundary of the B area and the D area, the rear humidifier 16 works for isenthalpic humidification to enable the mixed air temperature to reach 18 ℃, the moisture content reaches the boundary of the A area and the C area, and then the mixed air returns to the cold air inlet 26 through the air ducts m, q and r. If the mixed air state parameter is located in the area A or C, the operation mode is switched to a return air radiation mode II.
Mechanical refrigeration mode: when the outdoor fresh air state parameters are located in the areas E, G, H, I, J or K shown in FIG. 6, if neither the mixed mode III nor the return air radiation mode II meets the starting requirement, the mechanical refrigeration mode is started. At this time, the sky radiation refrigerating module 8 and the humidifier 16 do not operate, the input and output ends of the four-way air valve 7 are closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve 31 is closed, the second output end of the first three-way air valve is opened, and the first output end of the second three-way air valve 33 is opened, and the second output end of the second three-way air valve is closed. The air supply cold air with the dry bulb temperature of 18 ℃ and the relative humidity of 20% -80% and the air supply quantity meeting the requirement enters a data center cold channel closed system through a cold air inlet 26 to form an air cooling loop cooling cabinet 36 and leaves from a hot air outlet 27 in the form of hot return air, the return air with the temperature of about 30 ℃ enters a steam compression refrigeration module through air channels s, t, v, h, k, l and m to be mechanically refrigerated to the dry bulb temperature of 18 ℃ and then returns to the cold air inlet 26 through air channels q and r.
And when the judgment condition of the mixed mode III is coincident with the judgment condition of the return air radiation mode II, the mixed mode III is preferentially operated. Whether the mixed air temperature of the mixed air of the cooled partial fresh air and the residual fresh air of the mixed mode III can be lower than the return air temperature of the data center or not can be predicted and judged by adopting a currently widely used mathematical model based on the sky radiation refrigeration and the actually read current load of the data center, the air inlet and outlet temperature difference of the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 in the other modes can be obtained in the actual operation so as to adjust the operation mode, and the prediction and judgment can also be carried out by combining the mathematical model based on the sky radiation refrigeration. In the operation process, if the outlet air temperature of the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 is lower than the dew point of the inlet air, part of the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 should be closed to increase the unit area air volume so that the outlet air temperature rises, and the condensation in the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 is restrained.
The first temperature sensor 2, the first humidity sensor 3 and the first air gauge 5 can monitor outdoor fresh air state parameters and fresh air quantity, the second air gauge 10 and the second temperature sensor 11 can monitor air outlet temperature and air quantity of the sky radiation refrigeration module 8, the third temperature sensor 13 and the second humidity sensor 14 can monitor mixed air state parameters, the third humidity sensor 17 can monitor air supply humidity after humidification, the fourth temperature sensor 22 can be used for adjusting load and circulating water quantity of a water chilling unit, the fifth temperature sensor 23 and the third air gauge 25 can monitor air supply temperature and air supply quantity, the sixth temperature sensor 28 and the fourth air gauge 30 can monitor return air temperature and total return air quantity, and the fifth air gauge 34 and the sixth air gauge 35 respectively monitor return air quantity entering the air mixing unit 12 and entering the four-way air valve 7. According to the parameters of the 15 meters, the monitoring adjustment and the mode switching control of the system can be completed.
In the control of the embodiment, the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center is 18 ℃, the temperature difference of the return air is 12 ℃, the return air is stabilized at 30 ℃, and the relative humidity of the air supply is allowed to be between 20 and 80 percent. The moisture load inside the data center is small and is not considered in the control, and the return air moisture contents are considered to be equal. The grade of the data center is A1 grade, the pollution grade of the designed air supply particles is not higher than class 8, and the grade of the air supply gaseous pollutants is not higher than G2. The container data center designed and applied by the technical scheme of the invention has the operation period of uninterrupted operation all year round, operates under the China West safety meteorological condition, has the total equipment load of 25kW, and is provided with 56m at the top 2 The wind-based sky radiation refrigeration module 8 presets the total air flow entering the sky radiation refrigeration module 8 to be 0.672kgAnd s. The fresh air pre-filter 6 and the end pre-filter 15 are continuously in operation and are replaced once a year.
The foregoing description is only exemplary of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is illustrative of the principles and techniques that may be employed. Meanwhile, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific combinations of the above-described features, and other embodiments in which the above-described features or their equivalents are arbitrarily combined without departing from the spirit of the present invention are also encompassed. For example, the above features and (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present invention are mutually replaced to form the technical solution.
Claims (10)
1. A data center coupling cooling system is characterized by comprising a fresh air duct shutter (1), a fresh air prefilter (6), a four-way air valve (7), a sky radiation refrigerating module (8), an air mixing unit (12), a tail end filter (15), a humidifier (16), a steam compression refrigerating module, a cold channel closed system, a first three-way air valve (31), an exhaust air duct shutter (32) and a second three-way air valve (33);
the cold channel closed system is arranged in a container data center (42), a hot air outlet (27) of the container data center (42) is connected with an input end of a first three-way air valve (31), a first output end of the first three-way air valve (31) is connected with an exhaust air channel shutter (32), a second output end of the first three-way air valve (31) is connected with an input end of a second three-way air valve (33), a first output end of the second three-way air valve (33) is connected with an input end of the air mixing unit (12), and a second output end of the second three-way air valve (33) is connected with a first input end of a four-way air valve (7); the fresh air channel louver (1) is connected with the input end of a fresh air prefilter (6), and the output end of the fresh air prefilter (6) is connected with the second input end of a four-way air valve (7); the first output end of the four-way air valve (7) is connected with the input end of the air mixing unit (12), and the second output end of the four-way air valve (7) is connected with the input end of the sky radiation refrigeration module (8); the output end of the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) is connected with the input end of the air mixing unit (12); the output end of the air mixing unit (12) is connected with the input end of the terminal filter (15), the output end of the terminal filter (15) is connected with the input end of the humidifier (16), the output end of the humidifier (16) is connected with the input end of the vapor compression refrigeration module, and the output end of the vapor compression refrigeration module is connected with the cold air inlet (26) of the container data center (42).
2. The data center coupling cooling system of claim 1, wherein the sky radiation cooling module (8) comprises a plurality of cooling units connected in parallel, each cooling unit comprises an insulating layer (801), an insulating and heat conducting layer (802), an air flow channel (803), a pressure sensitive adhesive (804), a sky radiation cooling film (805), a shielding air gap (806) and a shielding material (807) from bottom to top in sequence; each refrigerating unit inlet is provided with a shutoff valve; an inlet of the air flow channel (803) is connected with a total air inlet channel, an outlet of the air flow channel (803) is connected with a total air outlet channel, the total air inlet channel is connected with a second output end of the four-way air valve (7), and the total air outlet channel is connected with an input end of the air mixing unit (12).
3. The data center coupled cooling system of claim 2, wherein a baffle (808) is disposed within the air flow channel (803) for enhancing heat transfer.
4. The data center coupled cooling system of claim 1, wherein the vapor compression refrigeration module comprises a cooling coil (18), a chilled water pump (19), an air-cooled chiller (20), and a condensing fan (21); the air side input end of the cooling coil (18) is connected with the output end of the humidifier (16), and the air side output end of the cooling coil (18) is connected with the cold air inlet (26); the cooling coil (18), the chilled water pump (19) and the air-cooled water chilling unit (20) are sequentially connected to form chilled water circulation, and the condensing fan (21) is arranged right opposite to a condenser of the air-cooled water chilling unit (20).
5. The data center coupled cooling system of claim 1, wherein the cabinets (36) within the container data center (42) are arranged face-to-face; the cold channel closed system comprises a perforated floor (37), a closed partition plate (38), an air supply static pressure layer (39), an air supply cold channel (40) and an air exhaust hot channel (41); the air supply static pressure layer (39) is arranged at the lower part of the perforated floor (37) and is connected with the cold air inlet (26), the perforated floor (37) is arranged between the cabinets (36), the two sides of the perforated floor (37) are respectively communicated with the air supply static pressure layer (39) and the air supply cold channel (40), and the closed partition plates (38) are arranged at the peripheral side and the upper end of the air supply cold channel (40); the exhaust heat channel (41) is connected with the airflow outlet and the hot air outlet (27) of the cabinet (36).
6. The data center coupled cooling system of claim 1, wherein the humidifier (16) is an isenthalpic humidifier, the fresh air prefilter (6) has a filter rating of not less than MERV8, and the end filter (15) has a filter rating of not less than MERV 11.
7. The data center coupling cooling system of claim 1, wherein a fresh air fan (4) is arranged between the fresh air duct louver (1) and the input end of the fresh air prefilter (6); a cold air fan (9) is arranged between the output end of the sky radiation refrigerating module (8) and the input end of the air mixing unit (12), an air supply fan (24) is arranged between the output end of the steam compression refrigerating module and the cold air inlet (26), and an air exhaust fan (29) is arranged between the hot air outlet (27) and the input end of the first three-way air valve (31).
8. The data center coupled cooling system of claim 1, wherein a first temperature sensor (2), a first humidity sensor (3) and a first air flow meter (5) are arranged between the fresh air duct louver (1) and the input end of the fresh air prefilter (6); a second temperature sensor (11) and a second air gauge (10) are arranged between the output end of the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) and the input end of the air mixing unit (12); a third temperature sensor (13) and a second humidity sensor (14) are arranged between the output end of the air mixing unit (12) and the input end of the tail end filter (15); a third humidity sensor (17) is arranged between the output end of the humidifier (16) and the air side input end of the vapor compression refrigeration module; a fourth temperature sensor (22) is arranged in the steam compression refrigeration module; a fifth temperature sensor (23) and a third air gauge (25) are arranged between the air side output end of the vapor compression refrigeration module and the cold air inlet (26); a sixth temperature sensor (28) and a fourth air gauge (30) are arranged between the hot air outlet (27) and the input end of the first three-way air valve (31); a fifth air gauge (34) is arranged between the first output end of the second three-way air valve (33) and the input end of the air mixing unit (12); and a sixth air gauge (35) is arranged between the second output end of the second three-way air valve (33) and the first input end of the four-way air valve (7).
9. The method of operating a data center coupled cooling system of any of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following modes of operation:
the natural fresh air mode: when the outdoor fresh air temperature is less than or equal to the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center and the moisture content of the outdoor fresh air is within the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply of the data center, starting the natural fresh air mode; at the moment, the sky radiation refrigeration module (8), the vapor compression refrigeration module and the humidifier (16) do not operate, the first input end and the second output end of the four-way air valve (7) are closed, the first output end and the second output end of the first three-way air valve (31) are opened, and the first output end of the second three-way air valve (33) is opened; air supply and cold air enter a cooling cabinet (36) of a cold channel closed system from a cold air inlet (26), part of return air with increased temperature leaves from a hot air outlet (27), is exhausted to the environment through a first output end of a first three-way air valve (31) and an exhaust air channel shutter (32), the rest of return air enters an air mixing unit (12) through a second output end of the first three-way air valve (31) and a first output end of a second three-way air valve (33), part of fresh air introduced outdoors enters the air mixing unit (12) through a fresh air channel shutter (1), a fresh air prefilter (6) and a first output end of a four-way air valve (7) to be mixed with the rest of the return air, so that the temperature and the air volume of a mixed air dry bulb meet the air supply requirement of a data center, and then the mixed air returns to the cold air inlet (26) through a terminal filter (15), a humidifier (16) and a steam compression refrigeration module;
fresh air humidification mode I: when the enthalpy value of outdoor fresh air is less than or equal to the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center, the moisture content of the fresh air is less than or equal to the minimum value of the air supply moisture content allowable range, the temperature of the fresh air is higher than the temperature set value of the air return radiation mode I started in the range, and the fresh air humidification mode I is started; at the moment, the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) and the vapor compression refrigeration module do not operate, the first input end and the second output end of the four-way air valve (7) are closed, the first output end and the second output end of the first three-way air valve (31) are opened, and the first output end of the second three-way air valve (33) is opened; air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air supply quantity enters a cooling cabinet (36) of a cold channel closed system through a cold air inlet (26), part of return air with increased temperature leaves from a hot air outlet (27) and is exhausted to the environment through a first output end of a first three-way air valve (31) and an exhaust air channel shutter (32), and the rest of return air enters an air mixing unit (12) through a second output end of the first three-way air valve (31) and a first output end of a second three-way air valve (33); part of outdoor introduced fresh air enters an air mixing unit (12) through a fresh air duct shutter (1), a fresh air pre-filter (6) and a first output end of a four-way air valve (7) to be mixed with the rest of the return air, so that the enthalpy value of the mixed air reaches the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of a data center, and the air quantity meets the air supply requirement of the data center; then the mixed air enters a humidifier (16) through a tail end filter (15) to enable the mixed air temperature to reach a set value of the air supply temperature of the data center, the moisture content of the mixed air reaches the minimum value of an allowable range of the moisture content of the supplied air, and the mixed air returns to a cold air inlet (26) through a vapor compression refrigeration module;
return air radiation mode I: when the enthalpy value of outdoor fresh air is less than or equal to the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center, the moisture content of the fresh air is less than or equal to the minimum value of the air supply moisture content allowable range, the temperature of the fresh air is less than or equal to the temperature set value of the return air radiation mode I started in the range, and the return air radiation mode I is started; at the moment, the vapor compression refrigeration module and the humidifier (16) do not operate, the second input end and the first output end of the four-way air valve (7) are closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve (31) is closed, and the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve (33) are opened; air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature and humidity and air supply quantity enters a cooling cabinet (36) of a cold channel closed system through a cold air inlet (26), return air with increased temperature leaves from a hot air outlet (27), part of the return air enters an air mixing unit (12) through a second output end of a first three-way air valve (31) and a first output end of a second three-way air valve (33), the rest of the return air enters a sky radiation refrigerating module (8) through a second output end of the first three-way air valve (31), a second output end of the second three-way air valve (33) and a second output end of a four-way air valve (7) to be cooled and then enters the air mixing unit (12) to be mixed with the original return air to a data center air supply temperature set point, and then the mixed air returns to the cold air inlet (26) through a terminal filter (15), a humidifier (16) and a steam compression refrigerating module; if the mixed air temperature is lower than the set point of the air supply temperature of the data center, reducing the return air quantity entering the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) to ensure that the mixed air temperature reaches the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center;
fresh air humidification mode II: when the enthalpy value of outdoor fresh air is greater than the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center and is less than or equal to the enthalpy value corresponding to the maximum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center, and simultaneously, the fresh air temperature is greater than the air supply temperature set value of the data center and is less than or equal to the return air temperature of the data center, if the temperature drop of the outdoor fresh air of a cooling part of the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) is less than the temperature drop set value when the mixed mode I is started, the fresh air humidification mode II is started; at the moment, the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) and the vapor compression refrigeration module do not operate, the first input end and the second output end of the four-way air valve (7) are closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve (31) is opened, and the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve (33) are closed; air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air supply quantity enters a cooling cabinet (36) of a cold channel closed system through a cold air inlet (26), return air with increased temperature leaves from a hot air outlet (27) and is exhausted to the environment through a first output end of a first three-way air valve (31) and an exhaust air channel shutter (32); fresh air which is introduced outdoors and meets the requirement of air supply volume enters a humidifier (16) through a fresh air duct shutter (1), a fresh air pre-filter (6), a first output end of a four-way air valve (7), an air mixing unit (12) and a tail end filter (15), so that the temperature of the humidified fresh air reaches a set value of air supply temperature of a data center, the moisture content meets the allowable range of air supply moisture content, and the humidified fresh air returns to a cold air inlet (26) through a steam compression refrigeration module;
mixed mode I: when the enthalpy value of outdoor fresh air is larger than the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center and is smaller than or equal to the enthalpy value corresponding to the maximum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center, and simultaneously, when the fresh air temperature is larger than the air supply temperature set value of the data center and is smaller than or equal to the return air temperature of the data center, if the temperature drop when the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) cools part of outdoor fresh air is larger than or equal to the temperature drop set value when the mixed mode I is started, the mixed mode I is started; at the moment, the vapor compression refrigeration module does not operate, the first input end of the four-way air valve (7) is closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve (31) is opened, and the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve (33) are closed; air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air supply quantity enters a cooling cabinet (36) of a cold channel closed system through a cold air inlet (26), return air with increased temperature leaves from a hot air outlet (27) and is exhausted to the environment through a first output end of a first three-way air valve (31) and an exhaust air channel shutter (32); after fresh air which is introduced outdoors and meets the requirement of air supply quantity passes through a fresh air duct shutter (1) and a fresh air prefilter (6), a part of the fresh air enters an air mixing unit (12) through a first output end of a four-way air valve (7), the rest of the fresh air enters a sky radiation refrigeration module (8) through a second output end of the four-way air valve (7) to be cooled and then enters the air mixing unit (12) to be mixed with the original fresh air, and the mixed air enters a humidifier (16) through a tail end filter (15); if the state parameter of the mixed air still meets the state parameter of the fresh air in the starting condition of the mixed mode I, the humidifier (16) works to reduce the temperature of the mixed air to the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center, and the moisture content meets the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply; if the moisture content of the mixed air meets the allowable range of the moisture content of the supplied air but the temperature of the mixed air is lower than the set value of the supplied air temperature of the data center, the fresh air volume entering the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) is reduced, the temperature of the mixed air reaches the set value of the supplied air temperature of the data center, and the humidifier (16) does not work; if the mixed air enthalpy value is lower than the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center, the fresh air volume entering the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) is reduced, so that the mixed air enthalpy value reaches the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the air supply temperature set value and the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center, and then the humidifier (16) works to reduce the mixed air temperature to the air supply temperature set value of the data center and the moisture content to the minimum value of the air supply moisture content allowable range of the data center; and then back to the cold air inlet (26) via the vapor compression refrigeration module;
a mechanical humidification mode: when the enthalpy value of outdoor fresh air is larger than the enthalpy value corresponding to the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center and the maximum value of the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply, the temperature of the outdoor fresh air is less than or equal to the return air temperature of the data center, and simultaneously the moisture content of the fresh air is less than or equal to the maximum value of the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply, if the temperature drop of the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) when cooling part of the outdoor fresh air is less than the set value of the temperature drop when starting the mixed mode II, the mechanical humidification mode is started; at the moment, the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) does not operate, the first input end and the second output end of the four-way air valve (7) are closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve (31) is opened, and the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve (33) are closed; air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air supply quantity enters a cooling cabinet (36) of a cold channel closed system through a cold air inlet (26), return air with increased temperature leaves from a hot air outlet (27) and is exhausted to the environment through a first output end of a first three-way air valve (31) and an exhaust air channel shutter (32); fresh air which is introduced outdoors and meets the requirement of air supply volume enters a humidifier (16) through a fresh air duct shutter (1), a fresh air pre-filter (6), a first output end of a four-way air valve (7), an air mixing unit (12) and a terminal filter (15), is humidified and cooled until the moisture content of the humidified fresh air reaches the maximum value of the allowable range of the air supply moisture content of the data center, is mechanically cooled to the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center through a steam compression refrigeration module, and then returns to a cold air inlet (26);
and (3) a mixed mode II: when the enthalpy value of outdoor fresh air is larger than the enthalpy value corresponding to the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center and the maximum value of the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply, the temperature of the outdoor fresh air is less than or equal to the return air temperature of the data center, and simultaneously the moisture content of the fresh air is less than or equal to the maximum value of the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply, if the temperature drop when the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) cools part of the outdoor fresh air is more than or equal to the set value of the temperature drop when the mixed mode II is started, the mixed mode II is started; at the moment, the first input end of the four-way air valve (7) is closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve (31) is opened, and the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve (33) are closed; air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air supply quantity enters a cooling cabinet (36) of a cold channel closed system through a cold air inlet (26), return air with increased temperature leaves from a hot air outlet (27) and is exhausted to the environment through a first output end of a first three-way air valve (31) and an exhaust air channel shutter (32); fresh air which is introduced outdoors and meets the requirement of air supply quantity passes through a fresh air duct shutter (1) and a fresh air prefilter (6), a part of the fresh air enters an air mixing unit (12) through a first output end of a four-way air valve (7), the rest of the fresh air enters a sky radiation refrigeration module (8) through a second output end of the four-way air valve (7) to be cooled and then enters the air mixing unit (12) to be mixed with the original fresh air, and the mixed air enters a humidifier (16) through a tail end filter (15); if the state parameter of the mixed air still meets the state parameter of the fresh air in the starting condition of the mixed mode II, the humidifier (16) works, humidifies and cools until the moisture content of the mixed air reaches the maximum value of the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply of the data center, and the humidified mixed air is mechanically refrigerated by the vapor compression refrigeration module until the temperature reaches the set point of the temperature of the air supply of the data center and then returns to the cold air inlet (26); if the state parameter of the mixed air meets the state parameter of the fresh air in the starting condition of the mixed mode I, the humidifier (16) works and humidifies to enable the temperature of the mixed air to be reduced to a set value of the air supply temperature of the data center, the moisture content meets the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply, and then the mixed air returns to the cold air inlet (26) through the steam compression refrigeration module; if the moisture content of the mixed air meets the allowable range of the moisture content of the supplied air but the temperature of the mixed air is lower than the set value of the temperature of the supplied air of the data center, the amount of the fresh air entering the sky radiation refrigerating module (8) is reduced, so that the temperature of the mixed air reaches the set value of the temperature of the supplied air of the data center, the humidifier (16) does not work, and then the mixed air returns to the cold air inlet (26) through the steam compression refrigerating module;
and (3) a return air radiation mode II: when the outdoor fresh air temperature is higher than the return air temperature of the data center or the outdoor fresh air moisture content is higher than the maximum value of the allowable range of the air supply moisture content of the data center, if the temperature drop of the cooling part of the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) during air return is larger than or equal to the temperature drop set value during starting the return air radiation mode II, the return air radiation mode II is started; at the moment, the humidifier (16) does not operate, the second input end and the first output end of the four-way air valve (7) are closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve (31) is closed, and the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve (33) are opened; air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature and humidity and air supply quantity enters a cooling cabinet (36) of a cold channel closed system through a cold air inlet (26), return air with increased temperature leaves from a hot air outlet (27), part of the return air enters an air mixing unit (12) through a second output end of a first three-way air valve (31) and a first output end of a second three-way air valve (33), the rest of the return air enters an sky radiation refrigerating module (8) through a second output end of the first three-way air valve (31), a second output end of the second three-way air valve (33) and a second output end of a four-way air valve (7) to be cooled and then enters the air mixing unit (12) to be mixed with the original return air, and the mixed air enters a steam compression refrigerating module through a terminal filter (15) and a humidifier (16); if the mixed air temperature is higher than the set point of the air supply temperature of the data center, the steam compression refrigeration module works to cool the air mixing machine to the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center and then returns to the cold air inlet (26); if the mixed air temperature is lower than the set point of the air supply temperature of the data center, reducing the return air amount entering the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) to enable the mixed air temperature to reach the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center;
and (3) a mixed mode III: when the outdoor fresh air temperature is higher than the return air temperature of the data center and the moisture content of the outdoor fresh air is less than or equal to the maximum value of the allowable range of the air supply moisture content of the data center, if the mixed air temperature of the cooled part of fresh air and the rest of fresh air is lower than the return air temperature of the data center when the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) cools part of fresh air, the mixed air mode III is started; at the moment, the first input end of the four-way air valve (7) is closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve (31) is opened, and the first output end and the second output end of the second three-way air valve (33) are closed; air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air supply quantity enters a cooling cabinet (36) of a cold channel closed system through a cold air inlet (26), return air with increased temperature leaves from a hot air outlet (27) and is exhausted to the environment through a first input end of a first three-way air valve (31) and an air exhaust air channel shutter (32); after fresh air which is introduced outdoors and meets the requirement of air supply quantity passes through a fresh air duct shutter (1) and a fresh air prefilter (6), a part of the fresh air enters an air mixing unit (12) through a first output end of a four-way air valve (7), the rest of the fresh air enters a sky radiation refrigeration module (8) through a second output end of the four-way air valve (7), the cooled fresh air enters the air mixing unit (12) to be mixed with the original fresh air, and the mixed air enters a humidifier (16) through a tail end filter (15); if the state parameter of the mixed air meets the state parameter of the fresh air in the starting condition of the mechanical humidification mode, the humidifier (16) works, humidifies and cools until the moisture content of the mixed air reaches the maximum value of the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply of the data center, and the humidified mixed air is mechanically refrigerated by the vapor compression refrigeration module until the temperature reaches the set point of the temperature of the air supply of the data center and then returns to the cold air inlet (26); if the state parameter of the mixed air meets the state parameter of the fresh air in the starting condition of the fresh air humidification mode II, the humidifier (16) works to reduce the temperature of the mixed air to the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center, the moisture content meets the allowable range of the moisture content of the air supply, and then the mixed air returns to the cold air inlet (26) through the steam compression refrigeration module; if the mixed air enthalpy value is lower than the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the data center air supply temperature set value and the data center air supply moisture content allowable range and the mixed air temperature is higher than the data center air supply temperature set value, the fresh air volume entering the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) is reduced until the mixed air enthalpy value reaches the enthalpy value corresponding to the minimum value of the data center air supply temperature set value and the data center air supply moisture content allowable range, then the humidifier (16) works to reduce the mixed air temperature to the data center air supply temperature set value, the moisture content reaches the minimum value of the air supply moisture content allowable range, and then the mixed air enthalpy value returns to the cold air inlet (26) through the steam compression refrigeration module; if the temperature of the mixed air is less than or equal to the set value of the air supply temperature of the data center, the operation mode is switched to a return air radiation mode II;
mechanical refrigeration mode: when the outdoor fresh air temperature is greater than the return air temperature of the data center or the outdoor fresh air moisture content is greater than the maximum value of the allowable range of the air supply moisture content of the data center, if the mixed mode III and the return air radiation mode II do not meet the starting requirement, the mechanical refrigeration mode is started; at the moment, the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) and the humidifier (16) do not operate, the input ends and the output ends of the four-way air valve (7) are closed, the first output end of the first three-way air valve (31) is closed, and the first output end of the second three-way air valve (33) is opened; air supply cold air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air supply quantity enters a cold channel closed system cooling cabinet (36) through a cold air inlet (26), return air with increased temperature leaves from a hot air outlet (27), and enters a steam compression refrigeration module through a second output end of a first three-way air valve (31), a first output end of a second three-way air valve (33), an air mixing unit (12) and a humidifier (16); the vapor compression refrigeration module works to mechanically refrigerate the hot return air until the temperature reaches a set value of the air supply temperature of the data center and then returns the hot return air to the cold air inlet (26).
10. The method of claim 9, wherein when the mixed mode iii determination condition coincides with the return air radiation mode ii determination condition, the mixed mode iii is preferentially operated; forecasting by adopting a mathematical model based on sky radiation refrigeration and the actually read current load of the data center, and judging whether a mixed air temperature of a mixed mode III in which a sky radiation refrigeration module (8) can mix partial fresh air and residual fresh air is lower than the return air temperature of the data center; in the rest modes, the air inlet and outlet temperature difference of the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) is obtained through actual operation so as to adjust the operation mode, or prediction judgment is carried out by combining a mathematical model based on sky radiation refrigeration; in the operation process, if the air outlet temperature of the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) is lower than the dew point of the inlet air, part of the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) is closed, and then the unit area air volume is increased, so that the air outlet temperature rises, and the dew condensation in the sky radiation refrigeration module (8) is avoided.
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