CN115175124A - Low-power-consumption LoRaWAN-based concentration and sensing device and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a low-power-consumption LoRaWAN-based concentration and sensing device and application, and the device comprises a main control module, a positioning module and an external expansion module, wherein the main control module is electrified through a power module, is accessed to an external acquisition sensor through an expansion module, integrates and processes acquisition data of the acquisition sensor, acquires coordinates integrated by the positioning module, and performs distribution statistics, maintenance and positioning after being accessed to a map device. The sensing device comprehensively monitors the real-time online monitoring of types such as wireless temperature, entrance guard state, three-phase voltage, current, active and reactive power, cable temperature, temperature and humidity in a cabinet, water leakage information, cable water immersion information, GPS and the like in infrastructure, and warns safety accidents, realizes intelligent information acquisition, network management capability, business response and service support capability at any time and any place, promotes a line of major profession to concentrate on the exploration of sensing application, and has wide comprehensive application scene application.

Description

Low-power-consumption LoRaWAN-based concentration and sensing device and application

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of power grid data acquisition, in particular to a low-power LoRaWAN-based concentration and sensing device and application.

Background

The difficulty in the prior technology of the internet of things boundary sensing and centralized acquisition communication is mainly caused by the fact that the concentration rate of a sensing layer is low due to the fact that power grid facilities are rich in types, the application of the internet of things such as power stations, power transmission, distribution networks and metering has the characteristics of wide and scattered coverage, multiple facility types, long spacing distance and the like. The internet of things collection and application of initial construction is a star-shaped structure, dispersion is the characteristic of power supply facilities, the distribution mode is independent nodes, each node is independent and uploads a channel, the nodes cannot be interconnected, the investment cost is high, the coverage area is small, no power station exists in remote areas, and no signal area becomes a blind area. The existing local-side internet of things technology comprises wide and narrow waves, wired communication, wifi, bluetooth, zigbee and the like, the error rate of wide and narrow carriers in an interference environment is high, wired communication is reliable but the limitation is large, wireless sensing modes such as zigbee, wifi and Bluetooth have the defects of short distance, high communication error rate, large power consumption and the like, and the distance and the power cannot be complete.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a low-power-consumption LoRaWAN-based concentration and sensing device which is long in distance, low in power consumption and suitable for power environments, aiming at the defects of the prior art.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the low-power-consumption LoRaWAN-based concentration and sensing device comprises a main control module, a positioning module and an external expansion module;

the main control module is electrified through the power supply module, is accessed to an external acquisition sensor through the expansion module, integrates and processes acquisition data of the acquisition sensor, acquires coordinates integrated by the positioning module, and performs distribution statistics, maintenance and positioning after being accessed to the map equipment.

Preferably, the main control module is an STM32F main control chip or an STM32L main control chip.

Preferably, the positioning module integrates coordinate acquisition, so that the expansion module is connected to the map device and then is subjected to distribution statistics and maintenance positioning by the main control module, and the positioning module is an ATGM336H positioning navigation chip.

Preferably, the mobile terminal further comprises a power supply module, the power supply module supplies power to the main control module, the positioning module and the expansion module to ensure normal operation of the main control module, the positioning module and the expansion module, and the power supply module is an energy type battery or a power type battery.

Preferably, the outside extension of extension module is including control, temperature, air quality, entrance guard, 485 interfaces, wide narrow ripples, reservation vibrations, angle, humidity other function binding post.

Preferably, the main control module and the positioning module are connected with the external expansion sensor through wireless signals based on an LoRa wireless sensor edge algorithm.

Preferably, the data verification mode of the LoRa wireless sensor edge algorithm is accumulation sum verification or BCH verification.

Preferably, the redundant bytes added to the BCH check packet are concentrated in a certain EPROM area outside the program area, a check module is arranged in a short and frequent interrupt service program, a part of program codes are cyclically checked each time, the check is completed in several times, and a check error is reported to the industrial control network master station or an alarm is given by itself.

Preferably, the accumulation and verification adds a byte of verification data at the end of each communication data packet, the data in the verification byte is an undesignated accumulation sum of all data in the communication data packet, and the accumulation algorithm is as follows:

the data packet to be transmitted includes: 01H, 55H, D H;

the check bytes that do not accumulate are: 29H;

namely: 01H +55H =56H → 56H + D3H =129H, 29H after carry is cut off;

so the last transmitted packet is: 01H, 55H, D H, 29H;

and after receiving the data, the receiver carries out non-carry accumulation and calculation on the data of the data packet, and if the accumulated result is the same as the check bit, the transmitted data has no error.

Preferably, the sensing device is installed in the smart grid, the information of the smart grid is obtained by using the sensing control layer, and the communication expansion layer dynamically monitors the operation information of the smart grid and the operation of various electrical devices by using optical fiber communication and wireless sensing technologies.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention researches the performance targets of long distance and low power consumption, and realizes integrated comprehensive acquisition of real-time sensing of temperature, humidity, images, current, on-off states and the like, one concentrator can synchronously acquire different types of facility and environment information of a whole station, can collect data serving a data center, comprehensively monitors the real-time online monitoring of types such as wireless temperature and access control states, three-phase voltage, current, active and reactive electric quantity, cable temperature, temperature and humidity in a cabinet, water leakage information, cable water leakage information, GPS and the like in an infrastructure, and warns safety accidents, realizes information intelligent acquisition, realizes information intelligent transmission, network management capacity anytime and anywhere, service response and service support capacity anytime and anywhere, promotes professional efforts to concentrate on sensing application, and has wide comprehensive application scene application;

2. the sensing device integrates the characteristics of low power consumption and long distance, can be universally used in application scenes of each specialty, utilizes platform intelligent analysis to realize information intelligent application, and an intelligent system collects massive and scattered 'cloud data', classifies, processes, monitors and analyzes the data, extracts the data which can reflect the reference value of network management, makes full use of the data, breaks through the barriers of system and professional knowledge, is beneficial to large-scale popularization and accelerates the construction of a smart power grid.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sensor device package according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the sensing device of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a positioning module of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic positioning diagram of the positioning module of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power module according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a graph of capacity versus current for a power module according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a diagram of an application scenario of the sensing device of the present invention in a power distribution room.

FIG. 8 is a functional level block diagram of a sensing device of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is an application scene diagram of the sensing device of the present invention in a substation.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the application of LoRaWan in the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a network architecture diagram of LoRaWan in the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the low power consumption LoRaWAN-based concentration and sensing device collects low power consumption of the host and the sensing sub-unit, the device performs downlink communication by using loran wireless communication, and a voltage regulator tube and a GIS chip on the circuit are low-voltage and low-power consumption components, and can stand by for a longer time in an outdoor special environment, when solar energy is used as a main power supply, a storage battery can continuously work for 2 days under the condition that the concentration and collection host does not have sunlight, and LoRa wireless temperature sensing parameters are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

In this embodiment, the following optimization is mainly performed on the device:

1. a main control chip and a Beidou positioning chip are upgraded;

2. auxiliary low-power-consumption research is carried out based on edge algorithm

3. A special energy taking mode is designed for meeting special scenes, an energy taking interface is optimally designed, and an energy type battery is selected for comparison research.

Referring to fig. 2, the sensing circuit board is designed through two versions, based on the first generation of research and development, according to the difference of data acquisition, a special sensing interface is designed, the sensor can be flexibly changed according to the user requirements, the use of different scenes such as temperature, humidity, smoke, angle, vibration and the like is realized, and meanwhile, in order to meet the stability of operation in severe environment or extreme conditions, three power supply modes of power supply, storage battery and wind-light energy acquisition are designed, the LoRa wireless temperature sensing acquisition device adopts a low power consumption design, the working current is less than 5mA, the shutdown/sleep current is 100uA, and the working voltage is 2.6-3.6V.

Example 2

The sensing device comprises a main control module, the main control module is electrified through a power supply module, is accessed to an external acquisition sensor through an expansion module, integrates the acquired data of the acquisition sensor, acquires coordinates integrated by a positioning module, and performs distribution statistics, maintenance and positioning after being accessed to a map device;

in this embodiment, master control module's lectotype has STM32F main control chip and STM32L main control chip, STM32F main control chip only enough awaits the standby and uses 3 days under the test 600mA battery power supply, and STM32L main control chip can reach 45 days when awaiting the opportune moment, STM32L is lower than STM 32F's consumption, data under different working mode are different, STM32L is less than 1uA under the STOP mode, and STM32F is about 15uA, for reducing the consumption, it is long when the extension is awaited the opportune moment and is used, sensing device's master control module is preferably the STM32L main control chip of lower consumption, the function of STM32F main control chip and STM32L main control chip is relatively if like STM32F main control chip

Shown in Table 2:

TABLE 2

Compared with the STM32 series, the STM32L series products of the same type have the advantages that under the same main frequency, the power consumption is reduced, but the performance is not different, the STM32L series products adopt the ultra-low leakage current technology, the clock gating technology, the running power consumption reduction technology and other technologies to achieve ultra-low power consumption, and the low-carbon standard advocated at present is met.

Example 3

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the sensing device includes a positioning module, which integrates coordinate acquisition, so that the main control module performs distribution statistics and maintenance positioning after the expansion module is connected to the map device;

in this embodiment, the positioning module adopts ATGM336H to position the navigation chip, the ATGM336H is a high-performance BDS/GNSS full constellation positioning navigation chip, and adopts a low-power GNSSSOC chip-AT 6558 to support various satellite navigation systems, including BDS (beidou satellite navigation system) in china, GPS in the united states, GLONASS in russia, GALILEO in the european union, QZSS in japan, and SBAS (WAAS, EGNOS, GAGAN, MSAS);

the ATGM336H is a true six-in-one multimode satellite navigation module, comprises 32 tracking channels, can simultaneously receive GNSS signals of six satellite navigation systems, realizes joint positioning, navigation and time service, and has the advantages of high sensitivity, low power consumption, low cost and the like;

ATGM336H fixes a position navigation chip and has 5V's ATGM336H big dipper positioning chip and 3.6V's ATGM336H big dipper positioning chip, for reducing the consumption, the positioning module is preferred 3.6V's ATGM336H big dipper positioning chip to adopt gilding spring antenna further to reduce transmitting power, on the basis of keeping original functional advantage, effectively reduce and gather the submachine consumption, it is long when effective improve equipment standby.

Example 4

The sensing device comprises a power supply module, the power supply module supplies power to the main control module, the positioning module and the expansion module, and the normal operation of the main control module, the positioning module and the expansion module is ensured;

in this embodiment, the power module selects two types, namely, an energy type battery and a power type battery, and the following is found according to a test:

the energy type battery has large capacity and long service time, enough time is provided for monitoring the voltage reduction process before the energy is exhausted, the sensor can correctly identify the battery condition according to the voltage change, the warning pushing of the battery needing to be replaced when the voltage is lower is realized, the battery is convenient to replace in time, and the maintenance period is reserved;

the power type battery has the advantages of low capacity, high power supply, large current, short charging and discharging time, and the sensing cannot identify the battery state in time, so that frequent manual maintenance or untimely maintenance is easily caused.

A great deal of research and test is carried out on how to select the matched battery, and the power module is preferably an energy type battery based on the consideration of reducing the manual operation and maintenance cost and prolonging the standby service time of the equipment;

referring to fig. 5 and 6, an energy-type power battery generally has a relatively large capacity, can provide relatively long-lasting energy supply for electric equipment, and is often used in a pure electric vehicle, a moderate or severe hybrid electric vehicle, and in a storage and discharge schematic diagram of the energy-type power battery, when a new battery is used, a charge and discharge voltage curve is stable, and even if the new battery is stored at 70 ℃ for 90 days (or at 25 ℃ for 10 years), the charge and discharge voltage curve is still stable, and the service life is only shortened compared with that of the new battery.

Example 5

The external extension of extension module can be including control, temperature, air quality, entrance guard, 485 interfaces, wide narrow ripples etc. reserve other function binding post such as vibrations, angle, humidity to satisfy many scenes application demand, in this embodiment, consider the multiple environment of getting that the sensor distributes, extension module can get the outside power supply of 3.6V-12V scope, when outside electricity power supply interrupt automatic switch battery power supply.

The project knows that in some special scene environments, such as wind and light energy obtaining capacity with poor continuous capability depending on external power supply, the expansion module is designed into a three-way power supply interface: the battery power supply and the outside energy taking and energy storage, if the wind and light are sufficient, the outside power supply is used, the charging energy storage is carried out, the charging electric energy can meet 1 month, when the rechargeable battery is exhausted, the automatic conversion battery is used for supplying power, the sensor can be normally used in a maintenance-free mode under the severe environment, the practicability of the device is improved, and the manual maintenance cost and the material cost are reduced.

Example 6

For judging whether the wireless sensor connected through the extension module normally works, and knowing the sending interval and the working state of the device in the debugging period and the observation period, the sensing device usually selects to install the LED state indicating lamp, the LED state indicating lamp is electrically connected with the main control module, and the state and the change of the LED state lamp can be visually acquired through visual observation.

Example 7

The maximum L0Ra has the advantages of low power consumption and long distance, realizes both power consumption and distance, is mainly developed from two aspects of device function design and algorithm optimization for further reducing power consumption and developing auxiliary low-power-consumption research, and in the ultra-low power consumption technology, a LoRa wireless algorithm between a concentrator and a sensor is optimized for multiple times, and the sensor takes temperature and variable signal sensing as a function scene, so that more sensors can be supported to collect, the application scene of small data and large data concentration is met, and the edge algorithm on sensing is realized;

working interval time is flexibly configured according to scene needs, and after one minute of test interval, 600mA can be expected to be available for more than one year;

the optimization of the LoRa wireless sensor edge algorithm is mainly embodied in two aspects:

1. edge algorithm auxiliary consumption reduction:

the concentrator and the sensing device control the working time through an edge algorithm to reduce consumption, if the sensor is set to upload data once in 1 minute, the concentrator automatically starts to collect data once in 1 minute and uploads the data after analysis and sorting, and then the concentrator immediately enters a sleep state, and the standby time of the device can be effectively prolonged through timed awakening;

2. the edge algorithm ensures the integrity and security of the data:

in order to ensure the integrity and the tamper resistance of data, such as incomplete communication data or tampering by hackers in the midway, the addition and verification are carried out, and abnormal data are directly discarded, so that the integrity of the instruction is ensured to be accepted, and the safety of the communication process is improved.

As the outside always has more or less interference on the circuit, for digital signals, the transmitted data is likely to be different, for many occasions needing to transmit data, especially for some occasions where some data may affect the actions of some hardware (such as some embedded devices, robots, etc.), the wrong data may bring some hidden risks;

the way of checking the data can be accumulation sum checking or BCH checking (a CRC checking method),

(1) BCH checking: the grouping additional redundant bytes can be concentrated in a certain EPROM area outside a program area, the checking method is that a checking module is arranged in a short and frequently-occurring interrupt service program, the checking method is mainly designed to circularly check a part of program codes every time, the checking is completed in a plurality of times, or when the codes are few and the task is easy, the checking can be completed at one time, if the checking error is found, the checking error is immediately reported to an industrial control network master station or an operator is informed by a self-alarming method for timely processing, and the method has the limitation that the damaged program codes are not the checking program blocks and the interrupt can normally respond on the premise;

(2) Accumulation and check: the CheckSum algorithm is convenient and simple to implement, is widely applied, and has a variety of accumulation and check, the most common one is to add check data of one byte at the end of each communication data packet, and the data in the check byte is the non-carry accumulation sum of all data in the communication data packet. For example:

the data packet to be transmitted includes: 01H, 55H, D H;

the check bytes that do not accumulate are: 29H;

namely: 01H +55H =56H → 56H + D3H =129H, 29H after carry is cut off;

so the last transmitted packet is: 01H, 55H, D H, 29H.

After receiving the data, the receiver also carries out non-carry accumulation and calculation on the data of one data packet, and if the accumulated result is the same as the check bit, the transmitted data is considered to have no error;

the purpose of the accumulation and check algorithm is: it is clearly advantageous to add the accumulated sum and the check value to obtain a result that each bit is 1 in binary, and the algorithm is simple to implement, and an example of code in C language is given below:

a sender: the following is the code how the check value is obtained, the result being the check value we want:

u8 _ tTX _ CheckSum (U8 _ t Buf, U8 _ tlen)// Buf is array, len is array length

{

uint8_ti,ret＝0；

for(i＝0；i<len；i++)

{

ret+＝*(buf++)；

}

ret＝～ret；

return ret；

}

The receiving side: the input already contains the check value sent from the sending, and if the value returned by the function is 0, the data is correct.

U8 _ tRX _ CheckSum (U8 _ t Buf, U8 _ tlen)// Buf is array, len is array length

{

uint8_ti,ret＝0；

for(i＝0；i<len；i++)

{

ret+＝*(buf++)；

}

ret＝ret；

return ret+1；

}

LoRa is a low-power consumption local area network wireless standard established by semtech company, and is characterized in that the wireless standard is farther than other wireless modes under the same power consumption condition, the low power consumption and the long distance are unified, the distance of the wireless standard is increased by 3-5 times than that of the traditional wireless radio frequency communication under the same power consumption, and at present, the LoRa mainly runs in global free frequency bands including 433, 868, 915MHz and the like;

the wireless technology in the application of the Internet of things is various and can form a local area network or a wide area network, the wireless technology forming the local area network mainly comprises 2.4GHz WiFi, bluetooth, zigbee and the like, the wireless technology forming the wide area network mainly comprises 2G/3G/4G and the like, before a low-power wide area network (LPWAN) is generated, the distance and the low power consumption can be selected from one another, and after the LPWAN technology is adopted, a designer can give consideration to both, so that longer-distance communication and lower power consumption can be realized to the greatest extent, and the extra cost of a repeater can be saved;

referring to fig. 10, loRa is one of LPWAN communication technologies, changes the conventional trade-off between transmission distance and power consumption, and provides a simple system capable of implementing long distance, long battery life, and large capacity for users, thereby extending a sensor network;

compare wiFi, bluetooth, zigbee etc. and LoRa technique has characteristics long distance, low-power consumption (battery life is long), multinode, low-cost, including following advantage:

1. the low power consumption transmission distance is long, the sensitivity of the LoRa module is-148 dBm, and the communication distance is more than 10 kilometers, so that the problem that the power consumption and the transmission distance cannot be compatible is solved, and a very large application space is provided in practical application;

2. the system is easy to construct and deploy, license plate-free frequency band nodes are avoided, and the LoRa module is extremely low in cost and can occupy great advantages in future large-scale popularization;

3. the battery has long service life, the receiving current of the LoRa module is 10mA, the sleep current is less than 200nA, and the service life of the battery is as long as 5 years.

LoRa is a subset of LoRaWan, which includes only the physical layer definition, and also the link layer. LoRaWan mainly comprises four parts, namely a terminal, a base station, an NS (network server) and an application server, wherein a star network topology is adopted between the base station and the terminal, single-hop transmission is used between the base station and the terminal due to the long-distance characteristic of LoRa, a terminal node can be simultaneously sent to a plurality of base stations, the base station carries out forwarding processing on LoRaWAN protocol data between the NS and the terminal, and the LoRaWAN data are respectively loaded on LoRa radio frequency transmission and Tcp/IP;

referring to fig. 11, in the network architecture diagram, the left side is various application sensors, the right side is a LoRaWan gateway, a gateway conversion protocol converts data of the LoRa sensor into a TCP/IP format and transmits the TCP/IP format to the Internet, the LoRa gateway is used for a remote star architecture, and is multi-channel, multi-modulation transceiving, and multi-channel simultaneous demodulation, because the LoRa characteristic can simultaneously demodulate multiple signals on the same channel, the gateway uses an RF device different from a terminal node, has higher capacity, and relays messages between a terminal device and a central network server as a transparent bridge, the gateway is connected to the network server through a standard IP connection, and the terminal device uses unicast wireless communication messages to one or more gateways;

characteristics of LoRa include:

1. transmission distance: the town can reach 2-5Km, and the suburban area can reach 15Km;

2. the working frequency is as follows: the ISM frequency band comprises 433, 868, 915MH and the like;

3. the standard is as follows: IEEE802.15.4g;

4. modulation mode: a variant of linear modulation spread spectrum (CSS) based on spread spectrum techniques, with Forward Error Correction (FEC) capability;

5. capacity: one LoRa gateway can connect thousands of LoRa nodes;

6. battery life: the length of the product is up to 10 years;

7. safety: AES128 encryption;

8. transmission rate: hundreds to tens of Kbps, the lower the rate, the longer the transmission distance.

Compare in traditional wired signal acquisition system, the wireless collection of LoRaWAN has obvious advantage:

1. the cost is low: the establishment of the wired communication mode needs to erect cables or dig cable trenches, so a large amount of manpower and material resources are needed; the LoRaWAN wireless data transmission mode does not need to erect a cable or dig a cable trench, and data can be transmitted to the concentrator only through the LoRaWAN wireless sensing acquisition device, such as an external wireless temperature sensing device, so that manpower and material resources are saved, and investment is saved;

2. the adaptability is good: the limitation of wired communication is too large, and in some special application environments, the wire distribution engineering of a wired network is strongly restricted, and a wireless data transmission mode is not limited by the limitation, for example, a distribution network system widely adopts box transformers and switch cabinet equipment, the equipment is closed, the internal space is narrow, temperature and humidity information is difficult to collect outside, wired sensing is arranged inside, the potential safety hazard of operation is brought, and the wireless sensing has better and wider adaptability than the wired communication;

3. the expansibility is good: after a user establishes a communication network, new equipment is often added due to the need of the system, if a wired mode is adopted, new wiring is needed, the construction is troublesome, and the original communication line can be damaged, but if a wireless data transmission mode is adopted, the system can be expanded only by connecting the newly added equipment with a wireless sensor, and the expansibility is better compared with that;

4. equipment maintenance is easier to realize: the maintenance of the wired communication link needs to be checked along the line, when a fault occurs, the fault point is generally difficult to find out in time, and the wireless data transmission mode is adopted, only the data transmission module needs to be maintained, so that the reason can be quickly found out when the fault occurs, and the normal operation of the line is recovered.

Example 8

The application of the low-power-consumption LoRaWAN-based concentration and sensing device is used as an infrastructure for national development and economic development of China, a power distribution network can provide basic source power for the development of China, a power transformation and distribution room (station) plays a role of a bridge in a power transmission system, and mainly serves as a place for converting, concentrating and distributing voltage and current of electric energy, the number of corresponding power transformation and distribution rooms (stations) of a power grid is continuously increased along with the vigorous development of a power system, and meanwhile, the number of various electrical equipment operated by the power transformation and distribution room (station) is also continuously increased, so that the safe operation and maintenance level of the power transformation and distribution room is particularly important;

along with the rapid development of modern electric power automation technology and the application of artificial intelligence technology in an electric power grid system, an unattended substation becomes the trend of construction and development of a substation under construction in China, and has important practical significance for integrally improving the operation and maintenance level of equipment of the substation, but safe and reliable operation is realized, wherein the key problem is how to make unattended management;

the Internet of things is a huge network, is formed by combining massive sensing equipment with the Internet, provides safety, controllability and even individualized real-time online monitoring, position tracking, alarm linkage, scheduling commands, plan management, decision support and other management and service functions, and in the technology of the Internet of things, a perception layer lays a foundation for 'everything interconnection and information interaction', and can be used for two sub-direction layers of perception control and communication expansion and respectively correspond to the functions of intelligent information identification and physical entity connection;

in the intelligent power grid, a sensing device is installed, information of the power grid is obtained by using a sensing control layer, a communication expansion layer dynamically monitors operation information of the power grid and operation of various electrical equipment by using optical fiber communication and wireless sensing technologies, and interconnected data is ensured to be safely and reliably transmitted to the power grid, so that the influence of external factors on the power grid is reduced;

according to the statistics of the national grid company, more than 200 thousands of industrial and commercial users with the power supply voltage class of 10kV and above exist, the property of the user side transformation and distribution substation is owned by the power users (industrial and commercial enterprises, residential districts, schools and the like), although the quantity is large, the daily operation and maintenance work is more traditional, and the following pain points generally exist: the online operation and maintenance service platform is provided for an electric power operation and maintenance enterprise by using the internet and a big data technology according to market demand feedback, the power utilization condition of all power substations is monitored in real time in a centralized manner, the operation and maintenance routing arrangement is scheduled in a unified manner, online and offline linkage is realized, and the application of a sensing layer of the IOT cloud platform can be greatly promoted and improved by the LoRa wireless sensing device;

referring to fig. 7, in a power distribution room application scenario, a LoRa wireless sensing device is based on a three-layer structure, as shown in fig. 8, a lower layer is a sensing and collecting layer, which mainly realizes sensing and collecting functions of bottom layer data, including temperature, humidity, smoke, angle, power failure alarm and other wireless sensors, a middle layer is a collecting and converging layer, i.e., a dual-channel internet-of-things transmission device, through which the bottom layer data can be converged and forwarded, and a top layer is three platforms, which receive, process and push data to a user;

in order to maintain the equipment and push information in time, the equipment can be remotely accessed through the mobile terminal, the switching value of the relay is controlled, the abnormal state is pushed to the mobile terminal in the modes of mails, short messages, apps and the like, a timing inspection mode can be set, an alarm value is set, inspection information is fed back in time, and the abnormal state is actively inspected;

in recent years, along with the development and maturity of telemechanical technology, unattended operation must be realized when a newly-built 110kV or below transformer substation of an electric power system is put into operation, so that the design of the unattended transformer substation comprehensively considers function setting and overall investment, equipment is selected and configured on the premise of fully ensuring reliability, and the four-remote system can not reflect the visual state of transformer substation equipment and the environment although the remote transmission of electric quantity is realized, for example, when a knife gate is remotely controlled, a person is required to be sent to the site to check the operation condition and the operation state of the equipment, if a video image monitoring system (namely remote vision) is configured, a cross three-dimensional security system can be formed by utilizing a camera, an infrared detector, a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor and the like and is sent to a dispatching or inspection center through an existing communication channel, so that the state monitoring of the operation equipment is realized, the operation speed and the operation safety are improved, and the conditions of fire, theft, police, serious damage to the equipment and the like can be timely alarmed and monitored, and dangerous situations can be early controlled and eliminated;

with the advance of unattended intelligent operation and maintenance construction, a common offline operation and maintenance mode cannot meet the requirements, a matched intelligent online operation and maintenance management and service platform is urgently needed, the key of improving the operation and maintenance level is to provide the matched online operation and maintenance service by using the internet and big data technology, the platform comprehensively monitors the operation state and electric quantity data of a power distribution system, provides functions of system overview, electric power data monitoring, electric energy quality analysis, electric energy statistical analysis and daily/month/year electric energy statistical report forms, abnormity early warning, accident alarm and event recording, operation environment monitoring, operation and maintenance inspection dispatch lists and the like, and supports multi-platform and multi-terminal data access,

referring to fig. 9, the unattended remote integrated monitoring system is composed of five layers at one side:

cloud edge: the system mainly comprises a sensing layer and a transmission layer device, a LoRaWAN wirelessly acquires information of a front-end comprehensive monitoring device (audio and video monitoring, environment variable monitoring, access and exit monitoring and the like), a comprehensive monitoring host, comprehensive monitoring software and the like, uploads the information to the acquisition host, and transmits data to a cloud end through an acquisition gateway;

cloud: the acquisition gateway transmits data to a server through a network transmission part (a broadband network, a wireless network, ADSL or an industry user private network) for storage and processing, transmits a result to a user and sends an instruction downwards;

a client: the display layer is a platform for visual display of acquired data, human-computer interaction, data analysis and control;

use distribution network intelligence to patrol and examine the monitoring, effectively realize the quick overhaul response that the incident takes place, whether to the personnel of regularly patrolling and examining the basis of reserving on the scene, but the historical data analysis of traceing back takes place the accident, if the monitoring that full distribution transformer was realized in comprehensive deployment, can provide more accurate real-time data, at fault location, the line loss analysis, anti-electricity-stealing analysis can play the application of effectual technical data and support.

The unmanned box transformer substation inspection based on the ubiquitous power Internet of things intelligent sensing technology has multiple functions of bedroom equipment state identification, equipment meter identification, real-time environment monitoring, infrared temperature monitoring and the like, and is greatly improved in inspection efficiency, data acquisition rate, fault judgment rate, fault positioning, inspection result feedback speed and the like compared with manual inspection due to all-weather, all-autonomous and dead-angle-free monitoring and precise diagnosis advantages.

It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. Concentrate and sensing device based on low-power consumption LoRaWAN, its characterized in that: the system comprises a main control module, a positioning module and an external expansion module;

the main control module is electrified through the power supply module, is accessed to an external acquisition sensor through the expansion module, integrates and processes acquisition data of the acquisition sensor, acquires coordinates integrated by the positioning module, and performs distribution statistics, maintenance and positioning after being accessed to the map equipment.

2. The LoRaWAN-based low power consumption concentration and sensing device of claim 1, wherein: the main control module is an STM32F main control chip or an STM32L main control chip.

3. The LoRaWAN-based low power consumption concentration and sensing device of claim 2, wherein: the positioning module integrates coordinate acquisition, so that the expansion module is connected to the map equipment and then is subjected to distribution statistics, maintenance and positioning by the main control module, and the positioning module is an ATGM336H positioning navigation chip.

4. The LoRaWAN-based low power consumption concentration and sensing device of claim 3, wherein: the power supply module supplies power to the main control module, the positioning module and the expansion module to ensure the normal operation of the main control module, the positioning module and the expansion module, and is an energy type battery or a power type battery.

5. The LoRaWAN-based low power consumption concentration and sensing device of claim 4, wherein: the outside extension of extension module is including control, temperature, air quality, entrance guard, 485 interfaces, wide narrow ripples, reservation vibrations, angle, other function binding post of humidity.

6. The LoRaWAN-based low power consumption concentration and sensing device of claim 1, wherein: the main control module and the positioning module are connected with an external expansion sensor through wireless signals based on an edge algorithm of the LoRa wireless sensor.

7. The LoRaWAN-based low power consumption concentration and sensing device of claim 6, wherein: the data verification mode of the LoRa wireless sensor edge algorithm is accumulation and verification or BCH verification.

8. The LoRaWAN-based low power consumption concentration and sensing device of claim 7, wherein: redundant bytes added by the BCH check grouping are concentrated in a certain EPROM area outside a program area, a check module is arranged in a short and frequent interrupt service program, part of program codes are checked circularly each time, the check is completed in a plurality of times, and the check error is reported to the master station of the industrial control network or is alarmed by the master station.

9. The LoRaWAN-based low power consumption concentration and sensing device of claim 7, wherein: the accumulation and verification adds one byte of verification data at the end of each communication data packet, the data in the verification byte is the non-carry accumulation sum of all the data in the communication data packet, and the accumulation algorithm is as follows:

the data packet to be transmitted includes: 01H, 55H, D H;

the check bytes that do not accumulate are: 29H;

namely: 01H +55H =56H → 56H + D3H =129H, 29H after carry is cut off;

so the last transmitted packet is: 01H, 55H, D H, 29H;

after receiving the data, the receiver carries out non-carry accumulation and calculation on the data of the data packet, and if the accumulated result is the same as the check bit, the transmitted data has no error.

10. Use of a low power LoRaWAN based concentration and sensing apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the intelligent power grid is provided with a sensing device, the sensing control layer is used for obtaining the information of the power grid, and the communication expansion layer dynamically monitors the operation information of the power grid and the operation of various electrical equipment by using optical fiber communication and wireless sensing technologies.

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