CN115173031A - Deformed residual cutting shaped millimeter wave antenna and design method - Google Patents

Deformed residual cutting shaped millimeter wave antenna and design method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115173031A
CN115173031A CN202210740560.5A CN202210740560A CN115173031A CN 115173031 A CN115173031 A CN 115173031A CN 202210740560 A CN202210740560 A CN 202210740560A CN 115173031 A CN115173031 A CN 115173031A
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antenna
deformed
millimeter wave
radiation
theta
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刘景顺
陈瑞
胡志勇
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Weitai Technology Wuhan Co ltd
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Weitai Technology Wuhan Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array

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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a deformed cosecant shaped millimeter wave antenna and a design method thereof. The deformed cosut shaped millimeter wave antenna and the design method provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize approximately equal received echo powers of targets with different distances in a coverage area under the condition that a personnel target moves in the required coverage area, thereby effectively improving the utilization efficiency of transmitting energy and reducing a blind area.

Description

Deformed residual-cutting shaped millimeter wave antenna and design method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of positioning and existence detection of radio wave reflection, in particular to a deformed residual cutting shaped millimeter wave antenna and a design method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of millimeter wave integrated circuits and the rapid increase of the requirements in the fields of smart cities, smart traffic, automatic driving and the like, millimeter wave radars are applied more and more widely. The frequency modulation continuous wave millimeter wave radar with multiple transmitting antennas and multiple receiving antennas is widely applied due to the advantages of distance measurement, angle measurement and speed measurement and simple and convenient realization. The millimeter wave antenna is a key component of such radar, and the performance difference of the millimeter wave antenna has a great influence on the performance of the whole radar.
The basic working principle of the millimeter-wave radar is as follows: the radar transmits a group of linear Frequency Modulation (FMCW) millimeter waves outwards through a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna receives a reflected signal of a target, and the reflected signal is subjected to frequency mixing, sampling and analog-to-digital conversion and then is subjected to signal processing, so that information such as the position, the speed, the moving direction and the like of each target can be quickly and accurately acquired. Under the condition that the target shape, the signal processing method and the transmitting power are not changed, the coverage range of the radar is mainly determined by the antenna.
In the prior art, millimeter wave radar antennas are diverse in types, and in terms of structural forms, the millimeter wave radar antennas are of the types of reflector antennas, dielectric focusing antennas, horn antennas, microstrip planar array antennas and the like, wherein the microstrip planar array antennas are widely applied in low-power scenes due to the advantages of simple structure, small volume, easiness in implementation and the like. As the radiation beam shape, there are a pencil beam, a fan beam, a cosecant square shaped beam, a cosecant 4-power shaped beam, and the like. Pencil beams and fan beams are typically used in the azimuth direction to cover a particular azimuth area. The cosecant square shaped beam and the cosecant 4-power shaped beam are generally used in the pitching direction which requires equal target signals, the cosecant square shaped beam is used in the scene that the receiving and transmitting antenna has the same beam, the cosecant 4-power shaped beam is used in the single antenna scene, the two shaped beams are suitable for the situation that the target size is far smaller than the distance size, and the target can be regarded as a point target. The millimeter wave radar detection personnel scene used in the actual smart city and smart traffic, such as monitoring of personnel on crosswalk and monitoring of personnel in indoor scenes such as business super, living room and nursing home, is detected that the target is personnel, the height is about 1.7 meters, the coverage range is within more than ten meters, and the radar installation height is 2-3.5 meters. In practical application, it is found that no matter the pencil beam, the fan beam, the cosecant squared shaped beam and the cosecant 4-power shaped beam can achieve approximately equal target echo signals in a required area, and a blind area exists at a close-distance position (for example, within 2.5 meters).
Therefore, for the scene of close-distance personnel monitoring, a novel shaped beam antenna is needed, and the target echo signals of the novel shaped beam antenna are approximately equal in a required area, so that the blind area is solved, and the large coverage area is kept.
For planar shaped antennas, an antenna array is used to implement a shaped beam, and the shaped antenna array requires that the amplitude and phase of each radiation unit are different, and the prior art adopts a relatively complex feed network composed of a plurality of asymmetric power dividers to meet the requirements. In order to reduce the manufacturing difficulty and cost, a simple and convenient way is also needed to realize a feeding way with specific requirements on amplitude and phase.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a modified left-over cut shaped millimeter wave antenna and a design method thereof, which overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a deformed residual-cutting shaped millimeter wave antenna, including:
the antenna comprises the antenna array of a plurality of radiating elements, radiating elements are arranged according to preset distance equidistance, the pitch directional diagram of the antenna satisfies the deformation cosecant function within the range of the field angle:
Figure BDA0003717788660000021
wherein: g (theta) is a gain value of the transmitting and receiving antenna directional diagram in the pitching direction changing along with theta; g 0 The gain value of the transmitting and receiving antenna when the pitch angle is 0 degree; theta 0 The lower inclination angle for mounting the radar is also the initial angle for shaping the deformed residual cutting; theta 1 The angular range that needs to be covered for the radar.
The radiating element and the feed are both composed of metal circuits on a single-layer dielectric substrate.
The radiation amplitude of the radiation units is controlled by the width of the radiation units, the phase of the radiation units is controlled by the length of the feeder lines among the radiation units, and the feeder lines among the radiation units are curve feeder lines.
Wherein impedance matching is achieved by adjusting the vertical position of the radiating element.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for designing a deformed residual-cut shaped millimeter wave antenna, including:
determining a deformation cosecant cut forming function G (theta), the number N of radiation units and the distance L between the radiation units, which are required by the antenna;
calculating the amplitude A of each radiation unit according to the deformed cosecant forming function G (theta), the number N of the radiation units and the distance L between the radiation units i And phase
Figure BDA0003717788660000031
Selecting the length L of all the radiating elements P And the width W of the feed line between the radiating elements F According to the amplitude A of each said radiating element i And phase
Figure BDA0003717788660000032
Determining the width W of each radiating element Pi And the length L of the feed line between the radiating elements Fij 。
Wherein the method further comprises:
adjusting the position offset Δ W of each radiating element i To achieve impedance matching between the cells.
Wherein the method further comprises:
an impedance matching transmission line is added to the antenna input to achieve the desired impedance and reflection characteristics of the antenna.
The deformed cosut shaped millimeter wave antenna and the design method provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize approximately equal received echo powers of targets with different distances in a coverage area under the condition that a personnel target moves in the required coverage area, thereby effectively improving the utilization efficiency of transmitted energy and reducing a blind area. And simple structure, reliability are high, realize conveniently, can reduce the processing degree of difficulty and processing cost. By adopting the antenna shaping and antenna structure, the performance of the millimeter wave radar for personnel detection can be improved, the application scene is better suitable, and the development and popularization of the millimeter wave personnel detection radar are promoted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a deformed residual-cutting shaped millimeter wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between radar and target positions provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the target, integration and electromagnetic field simulation patterns provided by embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments, but not all embodiments, of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a deformed residual-cut shaped millimeter wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, including:
the antenna comprises the antenna array of a plurality of radiating elements, radiating elements are arranged according to preset distance equidistance, the pitch directional diagram of the antenna satisfies the deformation cosecant function within the range of the field angle:
Figure BDA0003717788660000041
wherein: g (theta) is a gain value of the transmitting and receiving antenna directional diagram in the pitching direction changing along with theta; g 0 The gain value of the transmitting and receiving antenna when the pitch angle is 0 degree; theta 0 The lower inclination angle for mounting the radar is also the initial angle for shaping the deformed residual cutting; theta.theta. 1 The angular range that needs to be covered for the radar.
In fig. 1, 1 is a matching transmission line, 2 is a feeder, 3 is a radiating element, 4 is a ground plate, 5 is a dielectric substrate, and 6 is a radiating element and a feeder metal. Specifically, the length L of the feeder line is controlled by using a curve feeder line between the radiating elements Fij And further controlling the phase of each radiating element by the width W of the radiating element Pi To control the radiation amplitude of the radiating element.
It can be understood that the main reason for the analysis of the phenomenon that the cosecant squared shaped beam has a large blind area and cannot realize the requirement of approximately equal target echo power is as follows: in the case of such a short-distance non-point type target, the positional relationship between the radar and the target is as shown in fig. 2, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the radar and the target according to the embodiment of the present invention. Along with the movement of the target, the distance R from the target to the radar is changed, and meanwhile, the included angle theta of the target relative to the radar is also changed, although the target size is not changed, the scattering cross section of the target relative to the radar is changed, and the change rule of the target along with the angle theta is as follows:
RCS＝RCS 0 *COS(θ+θ 0 )
in order to compensate the change of the distance R and the scattering cross section RCS, a deformed cosecant shaped directional diagram which accords with the formula is provided to meet the requirement that the reflection signals are approximately equal when the target moves.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the vertical position Δ W of the radiation unit is adjusted i And realizing impedance matching.
The deformed cosut shaped millimeter wave antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize approximately equal received echo powers of targets with different distances in a coverage area under the condition that a personnel target moves in the required coverage area, thereby effectively improving the utilization efficiency of transmitted energy and reducing a blind area. And simple structure, reliability are high, the realization is convenient, can reduce the processing degree of difficulty and processing cost. By adopting the antenna shaping and antenna structure, the performance of the millimeter wave radar for personnel detection can be improved, the application scene is better suitable, and the development and popularization of the millimeter wave personnel detection radar are promoted.
For the method implementation corresponding to the antenna, the method comprises the following steps:
determining a deformed cosecant forming function G (theta), the number N of radiation units and the distance L between the radiation units, which are required by the antenna;
calculating the amplitude A of each radiation unit according to the deformed cosecant forming function G (theta), the number N of the radiation units and the distance L between the radiation units i And phase
Figure BDA0003717788660000061
Selecting the length L of all the radiating elements P And the width W of the feed line between the radiating elements F According to the amplitude A of each said radiating element i And phase
Figure BDA0003717788660000062
Determining the width W of each radiating element Pi And the length L of the feed line between the radiating elements Fij 。
Specifically, the material and size of the dielectric substrate are determined, and the length L of the radiating element is determined P According to the amplitude A i Determining the width W of each radiating element Pi . Determining feed line width W between cells based on impedance matching F According to
Figure BDA0003717788660000063
Determining feeder length L Fij 。
On the basis of the above embodiment, the method further includes:
adjusting the position offset amount Δ W of each radiating element i To achieve impedance matching between cells.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the method further comprises:
an impedance matching transmission line is added to the antenna input to achieve the desired impedance and reflection characteristics of the antenna.
Specifically, the design process includes, for example, if the antenna operating frequency is designed to be 79GHz and the antenna installation angle θ is designed to be 0 If the angle range is 0 to 40 degrees, the deformed cosecant shaping function is determined as follows:
Figure BDA0003717788660000064
determining the number of radiating elements N =5, the spacing L between the radiating elements 0 =2.08mm, and the amplitude and phase of each radiation element are synthesized according to the deformed cosecant shaping function as follows:
Figure BDA0003717788660000065
Figure BDA0003717788660000071
then determining the material and size of the dielectric substrate, and determining the length L of the radiating element P =0.98mm, according to A i Determining W by electromagnetic field analysis Pi The following:
Figure BDA0003717788660000072
re-determining the width W of the feed line between the cells F =0.12mm, according to
Figure BDA0003717788660000073
Determining feeder lengthDegree L Fij The following were used:
feeder numbering L F12 L F23 L F34 L F45
Feeder line length (mm) 2.45 2.06 2.11 1.85
And adjusting the amount of positional deviation Δ W of each unit according to the impedance matching i The following were used:
Figure BDA0003717788660000074
finally, after the input matching transmission line is added, the structure of the whole antenna is as shown in fig. 3, and fig. 3 is a schematic view of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
The comprehensive directional diagram, the simulated directional diagram and the actually measured directional diagram of the embodiment are shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a target, comprehensive and electromagnetic field simulated directional diagram provided by the embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 4, in an angle range of 0-40 degrees, the directional diagram analyzed by the electromagnetic field is close to the target directional diagram, and the echo signals of the target in the angle range can be approximately equal.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a millimeter wave antenna is figurized to surplus cut that warp which characterized in that includes:
the antenna is composed of an antenna array of a plurality of radiation units, the radiation units are arranged at equal intervals according to a preset distance, and a pitching directional diagram of the antenna meets a deformation cosecant function within a target field angle range:
Figure FDA0003717788650000011
wherein: g (theta) is a gain value of the transmitting and receiving antenna directional diagram in the pitching direction changing along with theta; g 0 The gain value of the transmitting and receiving antenna when the pitch angle is 0 degree; theta.theta. 0 A downward inclination angle for installing the radar is also an initial angle for shaping the deformed cosecant cut; theta 1 The angular range that needs to be covered by the radar.
2. The deformed residual-cutting shaped millimeter wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein the radiating element and the feed are both composed of metal lines on a single-layer dielectric substrate.
3. The deformed cosut shaped millimeter wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein the radiation amplitude of the radiation elements is controlled by the width of the radiation elements, the phase of the radiation elements is controlled by the length of the feeder lines between the radiation elements, and the feeder lines between the radiation elements are curved feeder lines.
4. The deformed residual-cutting shaped millimeter wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein impedance matching is achieved by adjusting a vertical position of the radiating element.
5. A method for designing a deformed cosut shaped millimeter wave antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a deformed cosecant forming function G (theta), the number N of radiation units and the distance L between the radiation units, which are required by the antenna;
calculating the amplitude A of each radiation unit according to the deformed cosecant forming function G (theta), the number N of the radiation units and the distance L between the radiation units i And phase
Figure FDA0003717788650000012
The length L of all the radiation units is selected P And the width W of the feed line between the radiating elements F According to the amplitude A of each said radiating element i And phase
Figure FDA0003717788650000021
Determining the width W of each radiating element Pi And the length L of the feed line between the radiating elements Fij 。
6. The method for designing the deformed cosecant shaped millimeter wave antenna according to claim 5, further comprising:
adjusting the position offset amount Δ W of each radiating element i To achieve impedance matching between the cells.
7. The method for designing the deformed cosecant shaped millimeter wave antenna according to claim 5, further comprising:
an impedance matching transmission line is added to the antenna input to achieve the desired impedance and reflection characteristics of the antenna.
CN202210740560.5A 2022-06-28 2022-06-28 Deformed residual cutting shaped millimeter wave antenna and design method Pending CN115173031A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210740560.5A CN115173031A (en) 2022-06-28 2022-06-28 Deformed residual cutting shaped millimeter wave antenna and design method

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