CN115166197B - Method for determining high liquid limit soil liquid limit and plastic limit of gravel and sand - Google Patents
Method for determining high liquid limit soil liquid limit and plastic limit of gravel and sand Download PDFInfo
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- CN115166197B CN115166197B CN202210647228.4A CN202210647228A CN115166197B CN 115166197 B CN115166197 B CN 115166197B CN 202210647228 A CN202210647228 A CN 202210647228A CN 115166197 B CN115166197 B CN 115166197B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005337 ground glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000326 densiometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the liquid limit and plastic limit of high liquid limit soil containing gravels and sand. Firstly, obtaining the natural water content of a representative high liquid limit soil sample containing gravel and sand; air-drying a soil sample, sieving with a 60mm sieve, respectively carrying out a particle analysis test on soil with the particle size ranging from 0.075mm to 60mm and soil with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm, and drawing a soil particle grading curve according to test results; testing the liquid limit and plastic limit of the air-dried soil sample passing through the 0.5mm sieve; according to the percentage sum of the particle groups with the grain size of less than 0.002mm in the grading curve and the liquid limit and the plastic limit of the air-dried soil sample with a 0.5mm sieve, respectively obtaining the calculated plastic limit and the calculated liquid limit of the clay with the high liquid limit of the gravel and the sand; and finally, calculating the consistencies of the high liquid limit soil containing the gravel and the sand according to the calculation. The invention overcomes the difficulty that the traditional standard method can not obtain the liquid plastic limit of the soil containing larger particles, and provides a basis for calculating the consistency of the soil containing larger particle groups and judging whether the soil meets the rolling condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high liquid limit clay containing gravel and sand, in particular to a method for determining the liquid limit and plastic limit of high liquid limit clay containing the gravel and the sand.
Background
The clay with high liquid limit of the gravel and the sand is a naturally occurring geologic body, and is distributed in various provinces in Guangdong, guangxi and the like in China, and the clay part of the clay is often regarded as not being a good filler but being abandoned or judged as needing improvement to be used due to the characteristics of high natural water content, high liquid limit and high plastic limit. Because the soil contains sand with the grain diameter ranging from 0.5mm to 60mm and has larger proportion of gravel components, the CBR and the total expansion and contraction rate (or the expansion of the CBR) of the soil can always meet the requirements of the current technical Specification for highway subgrade construction (JTG/T3610-2019) in China, and the two indexes reflect the strength and deformation requirements of the soil as the filler, but can be used as the filler for constructing a highway or not, and also must meet the condition of compactibility in construction. If the natural water content of the filler is close to the optimal water content measured by an indoor compaction test, the filler has good rolling construction performance. However, the optimum moisture content is a relative value that varies with the nature of the filler and the compaction function. The two kinds of soil with the same natural water content have different plastic limits and liquid limits, even if the plastic limits and the plastic fingers are equal, the rolling effect is quite different under the same compaction work, even a certain soil can not be rolled at all (become rubber soil), and the natural consistency of the soil, namely the ratio of the difference between the liquid limit of the soil and the natural water content to the plastic fingers (the difference between the liquid limit of the soil and the plastic limit) is quite dependent. The consistency index comprehensively reflects the relative water content and the soft and hard state of the soil, and is very suitable for guiding rolling construction of fine-grained soil fillers.
The highway geotechnical test procedure (JTG 3430-2020) uses soil passing through a 0.5mm sieve to determine the plastic limit and liquid limit, that is, the liquid limit and plastic limit of soil with a particle size of 0.5mm or less, and sand and cobble with a particle size of 0.5mm or more are often ignored, so that the liquid limit and plastic limit obtained by the test do not reflect the physical properties of the soil containing cobble and sand, and therefore, in order to determine the consistency of the soil containing cobble and sand with high liquid limit, it is necessary to propose a method for determining the liquid limit and plastic limit of the clay containing cobble and sand with high liquid limit as a filler.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for determining the liquid limit and plastic limit of high liquid limit soil containing gravels and sand, which solves the problem that whether the high liquid limit soil containing gravels and sand can be used as a filler cannot be judged in a region where the high liquid limit clay containing gravels and sand is distributed. According to the method for determining the liquid limit and the plastic limit of the high liquid limit soil containing the gravel and the sand, which is disclosed by the invention, the liquid limit and the plastic limit are firstly obtained according to the high liquid limit soil with the grain diameter smaller than 0.5mm through a standard method, and then the liquid limit and the plastic limit of the high liquid limit soil containing the gravel and the sand with the grain diameter smaller than 60mm are obtained by combining a grading curve, and a calculation formula of the consistency of the high liquid limit soil containing the gravel and the sand is provided, and the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of determining the liquid and plastic limits of high liquid limit earths containing gravel and sand, comprising the steps of:
(1) Representative high-liquid limit soil samples containing the gravel and the sand are taken on site to obtain the natural water content w;
(2) Air-drying a representative soil sample taken on site, taking a part of air-dried soil sample, sieving with a 60mm sieve, weighing the total mass of the undersize soil, carrying out a particle analysis test on the soil with the particle size ranging from 0.075mm to 60mm by adopting a sieving method of gravel soil containing clay particles, carrying out a particle analysis test on the soil with the particle size less than 0.075mm by adopting a densitometer method, and respectively drawing soil particle grading curves a and b of the undersize soil which is sieved with the 60mm sieve and the undersize soil which is sieved with the 0.5mm sieve according to test results;
(3) Taking part of the residual air-dried soil sample in the step (2), sieving with a 0.5mm sieve, and testing the liquid limit W of the air-dried soil sample passing through the 0.5mm sieve P And plastic limit W L ；
(4) According to the percentage sum of the particle size groups smaller than 0.002mm in the particle size distribution curve a and the particle size distribution curve b in the step (2) and the liquid limit and the plastic limit obtained in the step (3), respectively obtaining the calculated plastic limit of the high liquid limit clay containing the gravel and the sandAnd calculating the liquid limit +.>
(5) According to the natural water content obtained in the step (1) and the calculated plastic limit and the calculated liquid limit obtained in the step (4), the consistency W of the high liquid limit soil containing the gravels and the sand can be obtained C 。
Preferably, the natural water content of the high liquid limit soil sample containing the gravels and the sand in the step (1) is obtained by adopting a drying method.
Preferably, the calculated plastic limit of the high liquid limit clay containing the gravels and the sand in the step (4)And calculating the liquid limit +.>The formula is as follows:
wherein P is a 、P b The percentage of the granule groups with the particle size of less than 0.002mm in the undersize soil passing through the 60mm sieve and the 0.5mm sieve is respectively.
Preferably, the consistency W of the high liquid limit soil containing the gravels and sand in the step (5) C The calculation formula is as follows:
preferably, the determining method further comprises the steps of:
a. taking air-dried soil which is sieved by a sieve with 0.5mm in the step (3), adding a small amount of water, kneading into mud balls, covering with wet cloth, and standing for 24 hours to infiltrate water;
b. kneading the sample in the hand until the sample is not sticky, and then flattening the sample until cracks appear, wherein the water content is close to the plastic limit;
c. taking 8-10 g of a plastic limit sample, firstly rubbing the sample into an ellipse by hands, lightly rubbing and rolling the sample on a ground glass plate by using the side part of a palm, uniformly pressing the sample into strips, wherein the length of the strip does not exceed the width of the palm, generating cracks and starting to break when the soil strip is rubbed into a diameter of 3mm, indicating that the moisture content of soil is suitable as the plastic limit, re-kneading the soil strip into a group if the soil strip is rubbed to the diameter of 3mm and still does not generate cracks or break until the soil strip is rubbed to the diameter of 3mm and starts to break, generating cracks or break when the soil strip is rubbed to the diameter of more than 3mm, indicating that the moisture content is lower than the plastic limit, slightly adding a small amount of water to the soil sample, and re-rubbing until the soil strip is broken when the moisture content is rubbed to the diameter of 3 mm.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) According to the method, the difficulty that the liquid plastic limit of the soil containing larger particles, such as sand, gravel and other particle groups cannot be obtained by a traditional standard method is overcome, and the basis is provided for calculating the consistency of the soil containing the larger particle groups and judging whether the soil meets rolling conditions or not.
(2) The liquid limit and plastic limit determining method provided by the invention is also suitable for determining the liquid limit and plastic limit of soil containing pebbles, broken stones and the like, and has wide application range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of curves a and b of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below by referring to the accompanying drawings and by illustrating preferred embodiments. It should be noted, however, that many of the details set forth in the description are merely provided to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the invention, and that these aspects of the invention may be practiced without these specific details.
The method for determining the liquid limit and the plastic limit of the high liquid limit soil containing gravels and sand comprises the following steps:
(1) Representative high-liquid limit soil samples containing the gravel and the sand are taken on site, and the natural water content w of the soil samples is obtained by adopting a drying method according to the method of Highway geotechnical test procedure;
(2) Air-drying a representative soil sample taken on site, taking a part of the air-dried soil sample, sieving with a 60mm sieve, weighing the total mass of the undersize soil, carrying out a particle analysis test on the soil with the particle size ranging from 0.075mm to 60mm according to the rules in the Highway geotechnical test procedure, adopting a sieving method of gravel soil containing clay particles, carrying out a particle analysis test on the soil with the particle size less than 0.075mm by adopting a densitometry method, and respectively drawing an undersize soil which is sieved with the 60mm sieve and soil particle grading curves a and b which are sieved with the 0.5mm sieve according to test results, as shown in figure 1.
(3) Taking part of the residual air-dried soil sample in the step (2), sieving with a 0.5mm sieve, and testing the liquid limit W of the air-dried soil sample passing through the 0.5mm sieve L And plastic limit W P ；
(4) Since the liquid-plastic limit of the soil is mainly determined by the proportion of the clay particles smaller than 0.002mm, the proportion P of the group of particles smaller than 0.002mm in the particle size distribution curve a and the particle size distribution curve b in the step (2) is determined a And P b And the liquid limit W obtained in the step (3) L And plastic limit W P The calculated plastic limit of the clay with high liquid limit containing the gravel and the sand is respectively obtained according to the following two formulasAnd calculating the liquid limit +.>
Wherein P is a 、P b The percentage of the granule groups with the particle size of less than 0.002mm in the undersize soil passing through the 60mm sieve and the 0.5mm sieve is respectively.
(5) According to the natural water content obtained in the step (1) and the calculated plastic limit obtained in the step (4)And calculating the liquid limitThe consistency W of the high liquid limit soil containing the gravels and sand can be obtained C ：
The consistency of the high liquid limit soil containing the gravel and the sand is determined through the formula, whether the high liquid limit soil can be used as a filler is judged, and the determination method is also suitable for determining the liquid limit of the soil containing pebbles, broken stones and the like, and has wide application range.
Further, the determining method further comprises the following steps:
a. taking air-dried soil which is sieved by a sieve with 0.5mm in the step (3), adding a small amount of water, kneading into mud balls, covering with wet cloth, and standing for 24 hours to infiltrate water;
b. kneading the sample in the hand until the sample is not sticky, and then flattening the sample until cracks appear, wherein the water content is close to the plastic limit;
c. taking 8-10 g of a plastic limit sample, firstly rubbing the sample into an ellipse by hands, lightly rubbing and rolling the sample on a ground glass plate by using the side part of a palm, uniformly pressing the sample into strips, wherein the length of the strip cannot exceed the width of the palm, generating cracks and starting to break when the soil strip is rubbed into a diameter of 3mm, indicating that the moisture content of soil is suitable as the plastic limit, re-kneading the soil strip into a group if the soil strip is rubbed to 3mm and still does not generate cracks or break until the moisture content of the soil is higher than the plastic limit, continuing rubbing and rolling until the soil strip is rubbed to the diameter of 3mm and starts to break, generating cracks or break when the soil strip is rubbed to the diameter of more than 3mm, indicating that the moisture content is lower than the plastic limit, slightly adding a small amount of water to the soil sample, and re-rubbing until the soil is broken when the moisture content is rubbed to 3 mm.
The plastic limit of the soil sample can be measured through the further steps, and the plastic limit measured by the test method in the step (3) can be verified.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The method for determining the liquid limit and the plastic limit of the high liquid limit soil containing the gravel and the sand is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Representative high-liquid limit soil samples containing the gravel and the sand are taken on site to obtain the natural water content w;
(2) Air-drying a representative soil sample taken on site, taking a part of air-dried soil sample, sieving with a 60mm sieve, weighing the total mass of the undersize soil, carrying out a particle analysis test on the soil with the particle size ranging from 0.075mm to 60mm by adopting a sieving method of gravel soil containing clay particles, carrying out a particle analysis test on the soil with the particle size less than 0.075mm by adopting a densitometer method, and respectively drawing soil particle grading curves a and b of the undersize soil which is sieved with the 60mm sieve and the undersize soil which is sieved with the 0.5mm sieve according to test results;
(3) Taking part of the residual air-dried soil sample in the step (2), sieving with a 0.5mm sieve, and testing the liquid limit W of the air-dried soil sample passing through the 0.5mm sieve P And plastic limit W L ；
(4) According to the percentage sum of the particle size groups smaller than 0.002mm in the particle size distribution curve a and the particle size distribution curve b in the step (2) and the liquid limit and the plastic limit obtained in the step (3), respectively obtaining the calculated plastic limit of the high liquid limit clay containing the gravel and the sandAnd calculating the liquid limit +.>；
(5) According to the natural water content obtained in the step (1) and the calculated plastic limit and the calculated liquid limit obtained in the step (4), the consistency W of the high liquid limit soil containing the gravels and the sand can be obtained C ；
The determination method further comprises the following steps:
a. taking air-dried soil which is sieved by a sieve with 0.5mm in the step (3), adding a small amount of water, kneading into mud balls, covering with wet cloth, and standing for 24 hours to infiltrate water;
b. kneading the sample in the hand until the sample is not sticky, and then flattening the sample until cracks appear, wherein the water content is close to the plastic limit;
c. taking 8-10 g of a plastic limit sample, firstly rubbing the sample into an ellipse by hand, lightly rubbing and rolling the sample on a ground glass plate by using the side part of a palm, uniformly pressing the sample into strips, wherein the length of the strip is not more than the width of the palm, generating cracks and starting to break when the soil strip is rubbed into a diameter of 3mm, indicating that the moisture content of soil is suitable as the plastic limit, re-kneading the soil strip into a group if the soil strip is rubbed to the diameter of 3mm and still does not generate cracks or break until the soil strip is rubbed to the diameter of 3mm and starts to break, generating cracks or break when the soil strip is rubbed to the diameter of more than 3mm, slightly adding a small amount of water when the moisture content of the soil strip is lower than the plastic limit, and re-rubbing the soil sample until the soil strip is broken after being rubbed to the diameter of 3 mm;
calculated plastic limit of the clay with high liquid limit containing the gravels and the sand in the step (4)And calculating the liquid limit +.>The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein P is a 、P b The percentage of the granule groups with the particle size of less than 0.002mm in the undersize soil passing through the 60mm sieve and the 0.5mm sieve is respectively.
2. The method for determining the high liquid limit soil liquid limit and plastic limit of gravel and sand according to claim 1, wherein: the natural water content of the high liquid limit soil sample containing the gravel and the sand in the step (1) is obtained by adopting a drying method.
3. The method for determining the high liquid limit soil liquid limit and plastic limit of gravel and sand according to claim 1, wherein: the consistency W of the high liquid limit soil containing the gravels and the sand in the step (5) C The calculation formula is as follows:
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Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5027660A (en) * | 1990-09-27 | 1991-07-02 | Greikspoor Daniel M | Soil plastic limit testing device |
| GB2443537B (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2010-12-22 | Graham Edward Barnes | Apparatus and method for measuring plastic properties |
| CN104596891A (en) * | 2015-01-04 | 2015-05-06 | 同济大学 | Method for determining plastic index and consistency state of natural cohesive soil |
| CN104777285A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-07-15 | 成都理工大学 | Detection method of turning water content influencing clayey soil strength |
| CN113567303A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-29 | 深圳市市政工程总公司 | Method for measuring liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of dredged sludge |
-
2022
- 2022-06-09 CN CN202210647228.4A patent/CN115166197B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5027660A (en) * | 1990-09-27 | 1991-07-02 | Greikspoor Daniel M | Soil plastic limit testing device |
| GB2443537B (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2010-12-22 | Graham Edward Barnes | Apparatus and method for measuring plastic properties |
| CN104596891A (en) * | 2015-01-04 | 2015-05-06 | 同济大学 | Method for determining plastic index and consistency state of natural cohesive soil |
| CN104777285A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-07-15 | 成都理工大学 | Detection method of turning water content influencing clayey soil strength |
| CN113567303A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-29 | 深圳市市政工程总公司 | Method for measuring liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of dredged sludge |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 张锐 ; 刘军 ; .膨胀土填料路用性能试验评价研究.公路与汽运.2013,(第06期),121-125. * |
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| 软土、残积土的液、塑性指标的试验方法探讨;刘玉珍;探矿工程;88-89 * |
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