CN115166197A - Method for determining liquid limit and plastic limit of high-liquid limit soil containing breccia and sand - Google Patents
Method for determining liquid limit and plastic limit of high-liquid limit soil containing breccia and sand Download PDFInfo
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- CN115166197A CN115166197A CN202210647228.4A CN202210647228A CN115166197A CN 115166197 A CN115166197 A CN 115166197A CN 202210647228 A CN202210647228 A CN 202210647228A CN 115166197 A CN115166197 A CN 115166197A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005337 ground glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the liquid limit and plastic limit of high-liquid limit soil containing breccia and sand. The method comprises the steps of firstly, obtaining the natural water content of a representative high liquid limit soil sample containing cobbles and sands; air-drying the soil sample, sieving the soil sample by a 60mm sieve, respectively performing particle analysis tests on soil with the particle size of 0.075 mm-60mm and soil with the particle size of less than 0.075mm, and drawing a soil particle grading curve according to test results; then testing the liquid limit and plastic limit of the air-dried soil sample which passes through a 0.5mm sieve; respectively solving a calculated plastic limit and a calculated liquid limit of the high liquid limit clay containing the cobbles and the sand according to the sum of percentage of particle groups smaller than 0.002mm in the grading curve and the liquid limit and the plastic limit of the air-dried soil sample sieved by 0.5 mm; and finally, calculating the consistency of the high liquid limit soil containing the cobbles and the sand according to calculation. The method overcomes the difficulty that the traditional standard method can not obtain the liquid plastic limit of the soil containing larger particles, and provides a basis for calculating the consistency of the soil containing larger particle groups and judging whether the soil meets the rolling condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high liquid limit clay containing breccia and sand, in particular to a method for determining the liquid limit and plastic limit of the high liquid limit soil containing breccia and sand.
Background
The clay containing the cobbles and the sands with high liquid limit is a naturally-occurring geologic body, is distributed in China, guangdong, guangxi and other provinces, and is often regarded as not a good filler but discarded or judged to be used only if being improved due to the characteristics of high natural water content, high liquid limit and high plastic limit of the clay part. The soil contains sand with the particle size range of 0.5mm-60mm and gravel with a large proportion, the CBR and the total expansion and contraction rate (or the CBR expansion amount) of the soil can meet the requirements of the existing technical Specification for highway subgrade construction (JTG/T3610-2019) in China, the two indexes reflect the strength and deformation requirements of the soil as a filler, but the soil can be used as the filler for constructing highways and must meet the condition that the construction can be compacted. If the natural water content of the filler is close to the optimal water content measured in an indoor compaction test, the filler has good rolling construction performance. However, the optimum moisture content is a relative value which varies depending on the quality of the filler soil and the compacting function. Two kinds of soil with the same natural water content have different plastic limit and liquid limit, even if the plastic fingers of the two kinds of soil are equal, the rolling effect is greatly different under the same compaction work, even a certain kind of soil can not be rolled (becomes rubber soil) at all, and the rolling effect is completely dependent on the natural consistency of the soil, namely the ratio of the difference between the liquid limit and the natural water content of the soil to the plastic fingers (the difference between the liquid limit and the plastic limit of the soil). The consistency index comprehensively reflects the relative water content and the soft and hard state of the soil, and is very suitable for guiding the rolling construction of fine-grained soil filler.
In the road soil engineering test regulation (JTG 3430-2020), the plastic limit and the liquid limit are determined by using soil passing through a 0.5mm sieve pore, that is, the liquid limit and the plastic limit of soil with the particle size of less than or equal to 0.5mm are determined, and sand and gravel with the particle size of more than 0.5mm are often ignored, so that the liquid limit and the plastic limit obtained by the test cannot reflect the physical properties of the soil containing the gravel and sand.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for determining the liquid limit and the plastic limit of high liquid limit soil containing gravels and sands, which solves the problem that whether the high liquid limit clay containing gravels and sands can be used as a filler or not cannot be judged in a distribution area of the high liquid limit clay containing gravels and sands. According to the method for determining the liquid limit and the plastic limit of the high liquid limit soil containing the cobbles and the sands, based on the consensus that the liquid limit index value and the plastic limit index value of the soil are mainly determined by the content of clay, the method is provided, the liquid limit and the plastic limit of the high liquid limit soil containing the cobbles and the sands with the grain sizes of less than 60mm are obtained according to the high liquid limit soil with the grain sizes of less than 0.5mm through a standard method, and then the grading curve is combined to obtain the liquid limit and the plastic limit of the high liquid limit soil containing the cobbles and the sands, and a calculation formula of the consistence of the high liquid limit soil containing the cobbles and the sands is given out, and the technical scheme adopted by the method is as follows:
according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of determining the liquid and plastic limits of high liquid limit soils containing pebbles and sands, comprising the steps of:
(1) Taking a representative high-liquid limit soil sample containing cobbles and sands on site, and obtaining the natural water content w of the soil sample;
(2) Air-drying a representative soil sample taken on site, taking part of the air-dried soil sample to pass through a 60mm sieve, weighing the total mass of soil under the sieve, carrying out a particle analysis test on the soil with the particle size of 0.075 mm-60mm by adopting a screening method of gravelly soil containing clay particles, carrying out a particle analysis test on the soil with the particle size of less than 0.075mm by adopting a densimeter method, and respectively drawing soil under the sieve of the 60mm sieve and soil particle grading curves a and b of the soil under the sieve of 0.5mm according to test results;
(3) Taking part of the residual air-dried soil sample in the step (2), sieving the part of the residual air-dried soil sample by a 0.5mm sieve, and testing the liquid limit W of the air-dried soil sample sieved by the 0.5mm sieve P And plastic limit W L ；
(4) Respectively obtaining the calculated plastic limit of the high liquid limit clay containing the breccia and the sand according to the percentage sum of the particle groups with the particle size of less than 0.002mm in the particle grading curve a and the particle grading curve b in the step (2) and the liquid limit and the plastic limit obtained in the step (3)
And calculating the liquid limit
(5) According to the natural water content obtained in the step (1) and the calculated plastic limit and the calculated liquid limit obtained in the step (4), the consistency W of the high liquid limit soil containing the cobbles and the sands can be obtained C 。
Preferably, the natural water content of the high liquid limit soil sample containing the breccia and the sand in the step (1) is obtained by a drying method.
Preferably, the calculated plastic limit of the high liquid limit clay containing gravel and sand in step (4)
And calculating the liquid limit
The formula is as follows:
wherein, P a 、P b The percentage of the grain group with the grain diameter less than 0.002mm in the soil below the sieve with the grain diameter of 60mm and the sieve with the grain diameter of 0.5mm respectively.
Preferably, the consistency W of the high liquid limit soil containing the cobbles and the sands in the step (5) C The calculation formula is as follows:
preferably, the determination method further comprises the steps of:
a. adding a small amount of water into the air-dried soil sieved by a 0.5mm sieve in the step (3), kneading into a mud dough, covering with wet cloth, and standing for 24 hours to thoroughly permeate water;
b. kneading the sample in hands until the sample is not sticky, and then kneading the sample to be flat, wherein if cracks appear, the water content is close to the plastic limit;
c. taking 8-10 g of a sample close to the plastic limit, rubbing the sample into an oval shape by hand, rubbing and rolling the sample on a ground glass plate by using the side part of a palm slightly, uniformly pressing the sample into strips, wherein the length of the strips does not exceed the width of the palm, when the soil strips are rubbed into a diameter of 3mm, cracks are generated and break is started, the water content of the soil is shown to be the plastic limit, if the soil strips are rubbed into the shape of 3mm, the cracks are not generated or break, and if the water content of the soil is higher than the plastic limit, the soil strips are kneaded into a group again, the rubbing and rolling are continued until the cracks are generated and break are started when the diameter of the soil strips is 3mm, if the soil strips are rubbed into the shape of more than 3mm, the cracks are generated or break, and if the water content is lower than the plastic limit, a little water is added into the soil sample, and the rubbing and rolling is repeated until the soil sample is broken when the diameter of 3 mm.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) According to the method, the natural water content of the soil sample containing the cobbles and the sand with high liquid limit, the liquid limit and the plastic limit of the air-dried soil sample passing through a 0.5mm sieve and the calculated plastic limit and the calculated liquid limit of the clay containing the cobbles and the sand with high liquid limit are obtained according to the calculation of the liquid limit and the plastic limit of the air-dried soil sample passing through the 0.5mm sieve, and finally the consistency of the soil containing the cobbles and the sand with high liquid limit are calculated.
(2) The method for determining the liquid limit and the plastic limit is also suitable for determining the liquid limit and the plastic limit of soil containing pebbles, broken stones and the like, and has wide application range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of curves a and b of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of examples of preferred embodiments. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.
The method for determining the high liquid limit soil liquid limit and plastic limit containing the breccia and the sands comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking a representative high-liquid limit soil sample containing breccia and sand on site, and obtaining the natural water content w of the sample by adopting a drying method according to a method of road geotechnical test regulations;
(2) The method comprises the steps of air-drying a representative soil sample taken on site, taking part of the air-dried soil sample to pass through a 60mm sieve, weighing the total mass of soil under the sieve, carrying out a particle analysis test on the soil with the particle size of 0.075 mm-60mm by adopting a screening method of gravel soil containing clay particles according to the regulation in road geotechnical test regulations, carrying out a particle analysis test on the soil with the particle size of less than 0.075mm by adopting a densimeter method, and respectively drawing soil particle grading curves a and b of the soil under the sieve of 60mm and the soil under the sieve of 0.5mm according to the test results, wherein the soil particle grading curves are shown in figure 1.
(3) Taking part of the soil sample in the residual air-dried soil sample in the step (2), sieving the part of the soil sample by a 0.5mm sieve, and testing the liquid limit W of the air-dried soil sample sieved by the 0.5mm sieve L And plastic limit W P ；
(4) Because the liquid-plastic limit of the soil is mainly determined by the proportion of the clay particles smaller than 0.002mm, the percentage P of the particle group smaller than 0.002mm in the particle grading curve a and the particle grading curve b in the step (2) is determined a And P b And the liquid limit W obtained in step (3) L And plastic limit W P The calculated plastic limit of the high liquid limit clay containing the gravel and the sand is respectively obtained according to the following two formulas
And calculating the liquid limit
Wherein, P a 、P b The percentage of the grain group with the grain diameter less than 0.002mm in the soil below the sieve with the grain diameter of 60mm and the sieve with the grain diameter of 0.5mm respectively.
(5) According to the steps(1) The obtained natural water content and the calculated plastic limit obtained in the step (4)
And calculating the liquid limit
The consistency W of the high liquid limit soil containing the gravel and the sand can be obtained C ：
The consistency of the high liquid limit soil containing cobbles and sands is determined through the formula, whether the high liquid limit soil can be used as the filler or not is judged, the determination method is also suitable for determining the liquid plastic limit of the soil containing cobbles, broken stones and the like, and the application range is wide.
Further, the determination method further comprises the following steps:
a. adding a small amount of water into the air-dried soil sieved by a 0.5mm sieve in the step (3), kneading into a mud dough, covering with wet cloth, and standing for 24 hours to thoroughly permeate water;
b. kneading the sample in hands until the sample is not sticky, and then kneading the sample to be flat, wherein if cracks appear, the water content is close to the plastic limit;
c. taking 8-10 g of a sample close to the plastic limit, firstly rubbing the sample into an oval shape by a hand, then slightly rubbing and rolling the sample on a ground glass plate by the side part of a palm, uniformly pressing the sample into strips, wherein the length of the strips does not exceed the width of the palm, when the soil strips are rubbed into a diameter of 3mm, the strips crack and begin to break, the water content of the soil is suitable for the plastic limit, if the soil strips are rubbed to 3mm and still do not crack or break, and the water content of the soil is higher than the plastic limit, the soil strips are kneaded into a group again, the rubbing and rolling are continued until the soil strips crack and begin to break when the diameter of the soil strips is 3mm, if the soil strips are rubbed to be more than 3mm, the cracks or breaks are produced, and the water content is lower than the plastic limit, slightly adding water into the soil sample, and rubbing and rolling again until the soil strips break when the diameter of the soil strips is 3 mm.
The plastic limit of the soil sample can be measured through the further steps, and the plastic limit measured by the testing method in the step (3) can be verified.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for determining the high liquid limit soil liquid limit and plastic limit of the gravel and sand-containing soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking a representative high-liquid limit soil sample containing cobbles and sands on site, and obtaining the natural water content w of the soil sample;
(2) Air-drying a representative soil sample taken on site, taking part of the air-dried soil sample to pass through a 60mm sieve, weighing the total mass of soil under the sieve, carrying out a particle analysis test on the soil with the particle size of 0.075 mm-60mm by adopting a screening method of gravelly soil containing clay particles, carrying out a particle analysis test on the soil with the particle size of less than 0.075mm by adopting a densimeter method, and respectively drawing soil under the sieve of the 60mm sieve and soil particle grading curves a and b of the soil under the sieve of 0.5mm according to test results;
(3) Taking part of the soil sample in the residual air-dried soil sample in the step (2), sieving the part of the soil sample by a 0.5mm sieve, and testing the liquid limit W of the air-dried soil sample sieved by the 0.5mm sieve P And plastic limit W L ；
(4) Respectively obtaining the calculated plastic limit of the high liquid limit clay containing the breccia and the sand according to the percentage sum of the particle groups with the particle size of less than 0.002mm in the particle grading curve a and the particle grading curve b in the step (2) and the liquid limit and the plastic limit obtained in the step (3)
And calculating the liquid limit
(5) According to the natural water content obtained in the step (1) and the calculated plastic limit and the calculated liquid limit obtained in the step (4), the consistency W of the high liquid limit soil containing the cobbles and the sands can be obtained C 。
2. A method for determining the high liquid limit soil liquid limit and plastic limit for breccia and sand-containing soil according to claim 1, wherein: and (2) obtaining the natural water content of the high-liquid limit soil sample containing the breccia and the sand in the step (1) by adopting a drying method.
3. The method of determining the liquid and plastic limits of high liquid limit soils containing breccia and sand according to claim 1, wherein: calculating plastic limit of high liquid limit clay containing cobbles and sands in step (4)
And calculating the liquid limit
The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, P a 、P b The percentage of the grain group with the grain diameter less than 0.002mm in the soil below the sieve with the grain diameter of 60mm and the sieve with the grain diameter of 0.5mm respectively.
4. A method for determining the high liquid limit soil liquid limit and plastic limit for breccia and sand-containing soil according to claim 1, wherein: consistency W of high liquid limit soil containing cobbles and sand in step (5) C The calculation formula is as follows:
5. the method of determining the liquid and plastic limits of high liquid limit soils containing breccia and sand according to claim 1, wherein: the determination method further comprises the following steps:
a. adding a small amount of water into the air-dried soil sieved by a 0.5mm sieve in the step (3), kneading into a mud dough, covering with wet cloth, and standing for 24 hours to thoroughly permeate water;
b. kneading the sample in hands until the sample is not sticky, and then kneading the sample to be flat, wherein if cracks appear, the water content is close to the plastic limit;
c. taking 8-10 g of a sample close to the plastic limit, firstly rubbing the sample into an oval shape by a hand, then slightly rubbing and rolling the sample on a ground glass plate by the side part of a palm, uniformly pressing the sample into strips, wherein the length of the strips does not exceed the width of the palm, when the soil strips are rubbed into a shape with the diameter of 3mm, cracks are generated and break, the water content of the soil is shown to be the plastic limit, if the soil strips are rubbed to 3mm, the cracks or the breaks are not generated, and the water content of the soil is shown to be higher than the plastic limit, kneading the soil strips into a group again, continuing to rub and roll until the cracks are generated and break are shown when the diameter of the soil strips is 3mm, if the soil strips are rubbed to be more than 3mm, the cracks or the breaks are generated, and if the water content is shown to be lower than the plastic limit, slightly adding water into the soil sample, and rubbing and rolling again until the soil strips break is shown to be 3 mm.
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| CN202210647228.4A CN115166197B (en) | 2022-06-09 | 2022-06-09 | Method for determining high liquid limit soil liquid limit and plastic limit of gravel and sand |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5027660A (en) * | 1990-09-27 | 1991-07-02 | Greikspoor Daniel M | Soil plastic limit testing device |
| GB2443537B (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2010-12-22 | Graham Edward Barnes | Apparatus and method for measuring plastic properties |
| CN104596891A (en) * | 2015-01-04 | 2015-05-06 | 同济大学 | Method for determining plastic index and consistency state of natural cohesive soil |
| CN104777285A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-07-15 | 成都理工大学 | Detection method of turning water content influencing clayey soil strength |
| CN113567303A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-29 | 深圳市市政工程总公司 | Method for measuring liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of dredged sludge |
-
2022
- 2022-06-09 CN CN202210647228.4A patent/CN115166197B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5027660A (en) * | 1990-09-27 | 1991-07-02 | Greikspoor Daniel M | Soil plastic limit testing device |
| GB2443537B (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2010-12-22 | Graham Edward Barnes | Apparatus and method for measuring plastic properties |
| CN104596891A (en) * | 2015-01-04 | 2015-05-06 | 同济大学 | Method for determining plastic index and consistency state of natural cohesive soil |
| CN104777285A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-07-15 | 成都理工大学 | Detection method of turning water content influencing clayey soil strength |
| CN113567303A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-29 | 深圳市市政工程总公司 | Method for measuring liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of dredged sludge |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘玉珍: "软土、残积土的液、塑性指标的试验方法探讨", 探矿工程, pages 88 - 89 * |
| 张锐;刘军;: "膨胀土填料路用性能试验评价研究", 公路与汽运, no. 06, pages 121 - 125 * |
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