CN115165688B - Tailing sedimentation test device and method - Google Patents
Tailing sedimentation test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115165688B CN115165688B CN202211081245.2A CN202211081245A CN115165688B CN 115165688 B CN115165688 B CN 115165688B CN 202211081245 A CN202211081245 A CN 202211081245A CN 115165688 B CN115165688 B CN 115165688B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 218
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- 241001422033 Thestylus Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
- G01N11/14—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
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Abstract
The invention provides a tailing sedimentation test device and a tailing sedimentation test method, which relate to the technical field of tailing performance evaluation, and the tailing sedimentation test device provided by the invention comprises a rheometer body, a rotor, a test bottle and a sealing cover, wherein the rotor is connected with the rheometer body so as to rotate under the driving of the rheometer body, and the test bottle has a first use state and a second use state; when the test bottle is in a first use state, a sealing cover is buckled on the test bottle or the test bottle is opened; when the test bottle is in the second use state, the bottle mouth of the test bottle is connected with the rheometer body, and the rotor extends into the test bottle and is coaxially arranged with the test bottle so as to rotate and measure in the test bottle filled with the tail mortar. The tailing settlement test device provided by the invention can allow a tester to shake the tailing slurry up and down for multiple times, so that the tailing slurry is better in uniformity, and the tailing slurry settlement test device has the advantages of high frequency of test data acquisition, high accuracy, good test repeatability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tailings performance evaluation, in particular to a tailings sedimentation test device and a tailings sedimentation test method.
Background
The tailing sedimentation characteristic is one of the key elements selected by a mine filling system. The sedimentation characteristic of the tailings is influenced by properties such as the particle size composition, concentration and tailing density of the tailings, and the filling and thickening efficiency of the mine tailings is directly influenced. The tailing sedimentation characteristics were measured by a tailing sedimentation test. The tailing sedimentation test can be divided into a static sedimentation test and a dynamic sedimentation test according to whether the tailing mortar can be continuously supplied and discharged in the test process. The tailing static settlement test can be divided into a static natural settlement test and a static flocculation settlement test according to whether a flocculant is added or not.
In the existing tailing static settlement test process, a motor can be selected to drive a rotor to stir tailing slurry. The tailing static settlement characteristic test can select whether to add a flocculating agent according to the requirement. The sedimentation effect of the tailings is judged by manually observing and recording the position of the layered liquid level of the tailings in the measuring cylinder over time: and recording the height of the layered liquid level of the tailing slurry in the sedimentation process of the measuring cylinder over time according to the scale numerical value on the measuring cylinder, summarizing and processing the recorded data of the height of the layered liquid level and the sedimentation time, and analyzing the sedimentation effect of the tailing slurry.
However, the tailing static settlement experimental device and method in the prior art have the following technical defects:
first, the uniformity of the tail mortar before the test is poor. The key and premise of ensuring the effectiveness of the whole experimental process and the credible data are that the tail mortar is uniformly stirred before the tailing sedimentation test, and the tail mortar is mixed only by adopting a stirring mode in the conventional experimental device and method. No matter how the stirring rod shape is, the tailings cannot be uniformly dispersed in the test measuring cylinder, and part of the tailings always deposits at the bottom of the measuring cylinder, which is more obvious in the tailing slurry prepared by grading coarse tailings.
Secondly, data cannot be acquired at high frequency in the test process. According to the existing tailing sedimentation test method, the position of the layered liquid level of the tailing mortar in the measuring cylinder needs to be observed and recorded manually. The sedimentation test data of the tail mortar cannot be recorded at a high frequency, limited to the observation ability of the tester, the head reaction speed, and the data recording speed. Within the first 2min after the test starts, the sedimentation velocity of the tailings is fast, and the sedimentation performance of the tailings cannot be comprehensively and accurately analyzed if the sedimentation test data of the tailings cannot be obtained at high frequency.
Thirdly, the accuracy of manually collecting data is low. The manually recorded tailings sedimentation data have low accuracy, which is mainly due to the following four reasons: 1. the stratified liquid level is fuzzy in the tailing static natural sedimentation or static flocculation sedimentation process, the clear and effective stratified liquid level is difficult to judge in a short time, and different testers may have different judgment results on the fuzzy stratified liquid level; 2. the position change of the stratified liquid level in the tailing static sedimentation process is fast, and especially in the first 2min after the sedimentation test is started, the requirements of the scale number value on the measuring cylinder on the observation capability, the brain reaction speed and the data recording speed of testers are accurately recorded in a manual recording mode in time, so that the accuracy of data recording is low; 3. the accuracy of the scale numerical value on the measuring cylinder is generally 1mm, and the accuracy of the test cannot be further improved under the method of manually recording data; 4. for the tailing static settlement performance measuring device with the motor-driven rotor, the rotor is overhigh and the bottom of the rotor is not fixed with the bottom of the measuring cylinder, so that the rotor is in a suspended state, the position of the rotor in the measuring cylinder is inconstant in the test process, and the tailing static settlement performance measuring device is one of sources of data difference when the same group of tailing mortar is subjected to multiple static settlement tests.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tailing sedimentation test device, which can allow a tester to shake tailing slurry up and down for multiple times, so that the tailing slurry is better in uniformity, and has the advantages of high frequency of test data acquisition, high accuracy, good test repeatability and the like. In addition, a tailing sedimentation test method using the tailing sedimentation test device is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a tailings sedimentation test device, which comprises a rheometer body, a rotor, a test bottle and a sealing cover, wherein the rotor is connected with the rheometer body to rotate under the driving of the rheometer body, and the test bottle has a first use state and a second use state;
when the test bottle is in a first use state, the seal cover is buckled on the test bottle or the test bottle is opened;
when the test bottle is in a second use state, the bottle mouth of the test bottle is connected with the rheometer body, and the rotor extends into the test bottle and is coaxially arranged with the test bottle so as to rotate and measure in the test bottle filled with the tail mortar.
Further, the rotor comprises a measuring head at the end part;
the distance between the bottom end of the measuring head and the bottom wall of the test bottle is not less than the maximum particle size of the tailings and not more than 5 times of the maximum particle size of the tailings;
and the distance between the side edge of the measuring head and the side wall of the test bottle is not less than the maximum particle size of the tailings and not more than 5 times of the maximum particle size of the tailings.
Further, the measuring head comprises a first rotating shaft and a plurality of blades, and the blades comprise an outer frame and a solid part;
the outer frames are connected to the first rotating shaft and distributed in a scattering manner around the first rotating shaft;
the solid part is connected with the outer frame and is positioned in a space surrounded by the outer frame and the first rotating shaft, and a hollow structure is formed between the solid part and the first rotating shaft.
Further, the rotor still includes connector and second pivot, the both ends of second pivot respectively with the connector with the gauge head is connected, the connector with this body coupling of rheometer.
Further, the ratio of the length to the inner diameter of the test bottle is not less than 5.
Further, still include roating seat and actuating mechanism, the roating seat is used for bearing the test bottle when being in first user state, actuating mechanism with the roating seat is connected to drive the roating seat reciprocating rotation.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a tailings sedimentation test method, where the tailings sedimentation test apparatus according to the above-mentioned scheme includes:
preparing tail mortar to be measured and mixing: preparing tail mortar by using the test bottle, stirring the tail mortar by using a stirring rod, taking out the stirring rod, screwing the sealing cover, mixing in an upside-down mode, and standing for later use;
recording measurement program: recording a measuring system required by the compiled tailing static settlement test into a measuring program of the rheometer body, and debugging to a normal operation state;
the measurement program was run to start the test: installing the rotor, starting the recorded measuring program, mixing the tail mortar in the test bottle in an upside-down mode, opening the sealing cover, and connecting the test bottle with the rheometer body;
and after the rheometer measurement program is finished, exporting test data and ending the test program.
Further, the measurement regime comprises: when the measurement is started, the rotating speed of the rotor is increased from 0 to a constant rotating speed, when the measurement process is finished, the rotating speed of the rotor is decreased from the constant rotating speed to 0, and when the rotor is at the constant rotating speed, the rotating speed is a collecting area of effective data of a static sedimentation performance test of tailings;
the measurement system also comprises setting data acquisition frequency.
Further, the effective data comprises torque data of the rotor at a constant rotating speed, which is acquired by the rheometer body.
Further, still include:
establishing a corresponding relation between time and the measured torque, and drawing a torque and time scatter diagram;
fitting the torque and time scatter points by adopting a tailing sedimentation performance fitting function, and solving the numerical value of the parameter in the tailing sedimentation performance fitting function;
calculating data of one-to-one correspondence between tailing sedimentation rate and time according to the numerical value of the parameter in the tailing sedimentation performance fitting function and the tailing sedimentation rate function;
and drawing a scatter diagram of the tailing sedimentation rate and time, and fitting the scatter diagram by adopting the tailing sedimentation rate function.
The tailing sedimentation test device and the tailing sedimentation test method provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects that:
when the tailing sedimentation test device is used, tailing and water can be put into a test bottle to form tailing slurry, and a flocculating agent can be optionally added; then stirring the tail mortar in the test bottle by using a stirring rod; then, the sealing cover can be buckled on the test bottle, and the test bottle is mixed in an upside-down mode, wherein the test bottle is in a first using state in the process; open sealed lid afterwards, with this body coupling of test bottle and rheometer, rotor and the coaxial setting of test bottle this moment, the test bottle is in the second user state, and the rheometer body starts the back, and the rotor rotates the tail mortar in the stirring test bottle, tests.
Of course, the above test process can be adjusted appropriately according to actual conditions.
Compared with the prior art, the tailing settlement test device provided by the first aspect of the invention is provided with the sealing cover, and compared with the traditional method that only the stirring rod is used for stirring the tailing slurry in the measuring cylinder before the test, the tailing slurry settlement test device can also allow a tester to shake the tailing slurry up and down for multiple times, so that the uniformity of the tailing slurry is better. In addition, the position of the layered liquid level of the slurry and the recorded data do not need to be judged manually in the test process, the test data acquired and tested based on the rheometer body has high frequency, high accuracy and good test repeatability.
Compared with the prior art, the tailing settlement test method provided by the second aspect of the invention has the advantages that the static settlement performance of the tailing can be quantitatively evaluated, the static settlement performance characteristics of the tailing can be more comprehensively presented, and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tailings sedimentation test apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a test bottle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a sealing cap according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving device for shaking up the tail mortar in a manner of reversing up and down for multiple times according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a measurement system to be programmed into the rheometer in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of a torque versus time fit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 8 is a graph of settling rate versus time provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 1-a rheometer body; 2-a rotor; 21-a measuring head; 211-a first shaft; 212-outer frame; 213-solid part; 22-a connector; 23-a second shaft; 3-test bottle; 4-sealing cover; 5-a rotating seat; 6-driving mechanism.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The following describes in detail embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The embodiment of the first aspect of the invention provides a tailing sedimentation test device, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, comprising a rheometer body 1, a rotor 2, a test bottle 3 and a sealing cover 4, wherein the rotor 2 is connected with the rheometer body 1 so as to rotate under the driving of the rheometer body 1, and the test bottle 3 has a first use state and a second use state; when the test bottle 3 is in the first use state, the seal cover 4 is buckled on the test bottle 3 or the test bottle 3 is opened; when the test bottle 3 is in the second use state, the bottle mouth of the test bottle 3 is connected with the rheometer body 1, and the rotor 2 extends into the test bottle 3 and is coaxially arranged with the test bottle 3 to rotate and measure in the test bottle 3 filled with the tail mortar.
Before the test, the test bottle 3 is in a first use state, the test bottle 3 is opened, the tail mortar in the test bottle 3 is stirred by using a stirring rod, and in order to further enable the tail mortar to be mixed more uniformly, the seal cover 4 can be covered on the test bottle 3 and further mixed in an upside-down mode; adjust test bottle 3 to the second user state afterwards, take off sealed lid 4 on the test bottle 3 promptly, be connected test bottle 3 and rheometer body 1, rotor 2 stretches into in the test bottle 3 and its axis of rotation coincides with test bottle 3 this moment, carries out rotation measurement to the tail mortar in the test bottle 3, tests.
The tail mortar settlement test device is a test device which is suitable for measuring the static settlement performance of the tail sand and developed based on a rheometer, compared with the traditional test device which is based on a measuring cylinder to measure the static settlement performance of the tail mortar, the tail mortar is better in uniformity after being mixed before the test, the position of the layered liquid level of the slurry and the recorded data are not needed to be judged manually in the test process, the frequency of collecting the test data is high, the accuracy is high, the repeatability of the test is good, and the tail mortar settlement test device is suitable for testing the static settlement performance of the tail sand doped with a flocculating agent or not doped with the flocculating agent.
The rheometer body 1 can be a RST-SST type rheometer. Of course, other types of rheometers may be used.
The structure of the rotor 2 is specifically described below:
in at least one embodiment, the rotor 2 has the following characteristics: the torque value measured under the same fluid and the same rotating speed is higher, so that the error of data acquisition is reduced; the effective measuring height of the rotor 2 is small and is substantially equal to the diameter of the rotor 2, so that the rotor 2 can be rotatably measured at the bottom of the test bottle tail mortar.
As shown in fig. 2, the rotor 2 includes a gauge head 21 at an end portion; the distance between the bottom end of the measuring head 21 and the bottom wall of the test bottle 3 is not less than the maximum particle size of the tailings, is not more than 5 times of the maximum particle size of the tailings, and specifically can be not more than 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 times of the maximum particle size of the tailings.
Further, the distance between the side edge of the probe 21 and the side wall of the test bottle 3 is not less than the maximum particle size of the tailings, not more than 5 times the maximum particle size of the tailings, and specifically may not be more than 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 times the maximum particle size of the tailings.
Generally, the maximum particle size of the tailings is less than 1mm. The distance between the bottom end of the stylus 21 and the bottom wall of the test bottle 3 and the distance between the side edge of the stylus 21 and the side wall of the test bottle 3 are therefore preferably 1-3mm, for example the distance between the bottom end of the stylus 21 and the bottom wall of the test bottle 3 is 1mm, 2mm or 3mm and the distance between the side edge of the stylus 21 and the side wall of the test bottle 3 is 1mm, 2mm or 3mm.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the measuring head 21 includes a first rotating shaft 211 and a plurality of blades, which may be two, three, four, etc., and the blades include an outer frame 212 and a solid portion 213; the plurality of frames 212 are connected to the first rotating shaft 211, and the plurality of frames 212 are distributed around the first rotating shaft 211 in a scattering manner; the solid portion 213 is connected to the outer frame 212 and located in a space surrounded by the outer frame 212 and the first rotating shaft 211, and a hollow structure is formed between the solid portion and the first rotating shaft 211, so that the tailings can smoothly pass through the hollow structure.
Compared with the traditional measuring head 21 which only has a frame, the torque data value acquired by the rheometer body 1 is larger, and the error of acquiring test data is reduced.
In at least one embodiment, the outer frame 212 and the solid portion 213 are of a unitary construction.
The rotor 2 may be formed by adding a solid portion 213 to a 2-blade, 3-blade or 4-blade Vane partially hollowed rotor, and a portion of each blade near the rotation axis is hollowed.
Of course, the rotor 2 may be another modified rotor based on the shape of the rotor, that is, any rotor structure satisfying the characteristics of the rotor 2 is within the scope of the above embodiments.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the rotor 2 further includes a connector 22 and a second rotating shaft 23, the second rotating shaft 23 is in a shape of a long and thin cylinder, two ends of the second rotating shaft 23 are respectively connected with the connector 22 and the first rotating shaft 211 in the measuring head 21, and the connector 22 is connected with the rheometer body 1 so as to rotate under the driving of the rheometer body 1.
The material of the rotor 2 is preferably 304 steel, the surface roughness parameter Ra of the rotor 2 is not more than 3.2 μm, and the hardness is not less than 18HRC.
The test bottle 3 is specifically described below:
in some embodiments, the test bottle 3 is in the shape of an elongated hollow cylinder, and the ratio of the length to the inner diameter of the test bottle 3 is not less than 5.
The height of the test vial 3 may be 180mm to 220mm, and specifically may be 180mm, 190mm, 200mm, 210mm or 220mm.
In order to observe the sedimentation process of the tailings, the test bottle 3 is made of transparent materials such as plastics and glass.
In addition, the connection between experimental bottle 3 and the rheometer body 1 can be the joint, also can be threaded connection etc. all can realize the structure of being connected between experimental bottle 3 and the rheometer body 1 promptly, and the preferred structure of being convenient for the two is connected, and aim at makes rotor 2 stretch into in experimental bottle 3 and its axis of rotation and experimental bottle 3's axis coincidence.
The test bottle 3 and the sealing cover 4 can also adopt various connection modes, such as threaded connection, insertion connection and the like, namely all the structures capable of realizing the sealing effect of the test bottle and the sealing cover can be used, and the connection structure convenient for the disassembly and the assembly of the test bottle and the sealing cover is optimized.
In at least one embodiment, a graduated scale can be added on the outer wall of the test bottle 3 so as to facilitate the observation of a tester and the manual recording of the position of the layering liquid level of the tail mortar in the sedimentation process of the test bottle 3, and facilitate the comparative study.
It can be understood that the elements of the shape, material, color, etc. of the test bottle 3 for holding the tail mortar can be simply changed within the scope of the above embodiments.
Another class of embodiments of the tailings settling test apparatus is described in detail below:
in some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the tailings sedimentation testing apparatus further includes a rotating base 5 and a driving mechanism 6, the rotating base 5 is used for carrying the test bottle 3 in the first use state, and the driving mechanism 6 is connected with the rotating base 5 to drive the rotating base 5 to rotate back and forth.
When test bottle 3 is in first user state, before experimental, can drive 5 reciprocating rotation of roating seat through actuating mechanism 6 earlier for test bottle 3 on the roating seat 5 can synchronous reciprocating rotation, plays the purpose of rocking test bottle 3, thereby makes more even of experimental preceding tail mortar mixture, uses manpower sparingly, avoids rocking the in-process and causes tester wrist fatigue.
It should be noted that all the structures capable of driving the rotating base 5 to rotate back and forth may be the driving mechanism 6 mentioned in the above embodiments, for example, the driving mechanism 6 is a structure that rotates a motor or the like, or the driving mechanism 6 is a combination of a mechanism that moves linearly such as a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder and a transmission assembly, and the transmission assembly can convert the linear motion of the linear motion mechanism into a rotational motion.
When the device is used, each reciprocating driving mechanism 6 can drive the rotating seat 5 to rotate 180 degrees clockwise and then rotate 180 degrees anticlockwise, and tail mortar in the test bottle 3 is mixed in an upside-down mode.
The embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention is to provide a tailings sedimentation test method, where the tailings sedimentation test apparatus is adopted in the tailings sedimentation test method provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, and the tailings sedimentation test apparatus includes:
preparing and mixing tail mortar to be measured: preparing the tail mortar by using the test bottle 3, stirring the tail mortar by using a stirring rod, taking out the stirring rod, screwing the sealing cover 4, mixing in an upside-down mode, and standing for later use;
recording measurement program: recording a measuring system required by the compiled tailing static settlement test into a measuring program of the rheometer body 1, and debugging to a normal operation state;
the measurement program was run to start the test: installing a rotor 2, starting a recorded measuring program, mixing tail mortar in a test bottle 3 in an upside-down mode, opening a sealing cover 4, and connecting the test bottle 3 with a rheometer body 1;
and after the rheometer measurement program is finished, exporting test data and ending the test program.
The tailing sedimentation test method has the advantages that the static sedimentation performance of the tailing can be quantitatively evaluated, the static sedimentation performance characteristics of the tailing can be more comprehensively presented, and the like.
The tailings are different from cementing materials such as cement and the like, have no cementing property, and do not need to consider the influence of thixotropic property on static settlement property acquisition data in the test process.
In addition, the teaching of entering the measurement regime into the measurement program of the rheometer body 1 can be obtained from the specification of the rheometer body 1, that is, a person skilled in the art can know how to enter the measurement regime by viewing the specification.
Specifically, in the preparing and mixing step of the tailing to be measured, the tailing and water are weighed with the test bottle 3 to prepare the tailing, or the tailing, water and flocculant are weighed with the test bottle 3 to prepare the tailing.
In addition, the judgment standard of the sufficient stirring of the tail mortar is as follows: stirring until the color of the tail mortar is uniform. The judgment standard of the tail mortar which is inverted from top to bottom and mixed evenly is as follows: the bottom and top of the test bottle 3 were not immobilized by the deposition of the tailings during the process of inverting the test bottle 3 upside down.
In the step of starting the test by operating the measuring program, the tail mortar is mixed upside down again, and then the test bottle 3 is connected with the rheometer body 1 after the sealing cover 4 is opened; or connecting the test bottle 3 with the rotary seat 5, starting the driving mechanism 6, turning upside down to mix the tail mortar, then opening the sealing cover 4, connecting the test bottle 3 with the rheometer body 1, and then performing the test. And preparing and mixing the tail mortar to be measured according to the judgment standard of fully stirring the tail mortar and the judgment standard of mixing the tail mortar evenly by reversing the upper part and the lower part.
In addition, the tailing static settlement test can be automatically carried out in the steps, the rheometer body 1 starts to automatically acquire effective test data, and the process of acquiring the data by the rheometer can be observed through a program interface.
In the step of recording the measurement program, as shown in fig. 6, the measurement system is characterized in that: when the measurement is started, the rotating speed of the rotor 2 is increased from 0 to a constant rotating speed, when the measurement process is finished, the rotating speed of the rotor 2 is reduced from the constant rotating speed to 0, and when the rotor 2 is at the constant rotating speed, the rotating speed is a collecting area of effective data of a static sedimentation performance test of tailings; the measurement regime also includes setting the data acquisition frequency.
It is understood that the constant rotation speed is understood to mean that the rotation speed of the rotor 2 oscillates back and forth in a very small range, and specifically, the oscillation range may be 0.98 to 1.02 times of the set rotation speed.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the above data includes torque data of the rotor 2. Specifically, the rheometer begins to collect torque data once the rheological test is initiated. And during later data processing, manually judging and extracting the torque and time data at a constant rotating speed as effective data through the acquired full version data, and calculating.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the tailings sedimentation test method further includes:
establishing a corresponding relation between time and the measured torque, and drawing a torque and time scatter diagram;
fitting the torque and the time dispersion points by adopting a tailing sedimentation performance fitting function, and solving the numerical value of parameters in the tailing sedimentation performance fitting function;
calculating data corresponding to the tailing sedimentation rate and the time one by one according to the numerical value of the parameter in the fitted function of the tailing sedimentation performance and the tailing sedimentation rate function;
and drawing a scatter diagram of the tailing sedimentation rate and time, and fitting the scatter diagram by adopting a tailing sedimentation rate function.
Wherein, the characteristics of the tailing sedimentation performance fitting function are as follows: the function describes a torque versus time monotonically increasing function and a horizontal asymptote exists, with increasing time the torque value approaches the asymptote but fails to cross the asymptote.
The tailing sedimentation rate function is characterized in that: the function is a derivative function of a tailing sedimentation performance fitting function, the function describes that the relation between the tailing sedimentation rate and time is a monotone decreasing function, and the tailing sedimentation rate is gradually close to zero but cannot be equal to or less than zero along with the increase of time.
The tailing sedimentation performance fitting function and the tailing sedimentation rate function can be various, and the tailing sedimentation performance fitting function is specifically explained by two embodiments as follows:
the first embodiment is as follows:
in the first embodiment, the fitted function of the tailing sedimentation performance is as follows:
in the formula: t is torque, T is time, T > 0 1 And b 1 Fitting parameters of a function for tailings settling properties, and a 1 ＞0，b 1 ＞0。
In the first embodiment, the tailing sedimentation rate function is:
in the formula: v is the tailing sedimentation rate.
In the first embodiment, a linear fitting mode may also be adopted, that is, the torque T and the reciprocal 1/T of the time are linearly fitted, and then the parameter of the tailing settling performance fitting function is solved.
Example two:
in the second embodiment, the fitted function of the tailing sedimentation performance is as follows:
in the formula: t is torque, T is time, a 2 、b 2 、c 2 And k is a parameter of a fitted function of tailings settling properties, and a 2 ＞0，b 2 ＞0，c 2 ＞0，k＞0。
In the second embodiment, the tailing sedimentation rate function is:
in the formula: v is the tailing sedimentation rate.
It should be noted that, two fitting functions of tailings sedimentation performance and two functions of tailings sedimentation rate are specifically listed in the above two embodiments, and if there are other functions different from the above two embodiments but conforming to the description of the functional characteristics of the two embodiments, it is within the protection scope of the present embodiment.
The following describes the solving process of the above function in a specific embodiment:
the raw materials used include tailings and water. No flocculant was added. Wherein the density of the used tailings is 3.00g/cm 3 The volume weight is 1.73g/cm 3 The porosity was 42.3%.
The tail mortar used comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the tailing concentration is 28%.
The measurement system adopted is as follows: the rotating speed is increased from 0 to 5s for a constant rotating speed, the constant rotating speed is 9.55rpm, the duration of the constant rotating speed stage is 10min, and the rotating speed is reduced from the constant rotating speed to 5s for 0.
In the tailing sedimentation test device, the constant rotating speed is shown as oscillating back and forth within a tiny range, namely when the actual rotating speed exceeds the set constant rotating speed, the rotating speed of the rotor 2 is automatically reduced; when the actual rotational speed is lower than the set constant rotational speed, the rotational speed of the rotor 2 is automatically increased. The precise rheometer can reduce the range of rotation speed oscillation but cannot change the rule of rotation speed oscillation.
Selecting
As a function of fitted tailings settling performance, nonlinear fitting was performed on the collected torque data using Origin software, and the fitting results are shown in fig. 7. This process can also be performed using a tool having a non-linear fitting function such as Matlab software.
Tailings settling based on the above selectionDegraded performance fitting function calculation parameter b 1 Is 3.39981;
according to the function of tailing sedimentation rate
And parameter b 1 And calculating the data of the tailing sedimentation rate v corresponding to the time t one by one according to the acquired data of the time t.
And drawing a tailing sedimentation rate and time relation image according to the calculated data of the time t and the tailing sedimentation rate v, as shown in fig. 8.
Plot of torque versus time scatter (FIG. 7), plot of tailings settling rate versus time (FIG. 8), fitted function of tailings settling performance T =0.10089-3.39981/T, and function of tailings settling rate v =3.39981/T 2 And the results are used as the evaluation results of the static sedimentation performance of the tailings.
To sum up, the tailings sedimentation test device and method provided by the above embodiment have at least the following advantages:
1. the uniformity of the tail mortar mixing before the test is better. The test bottle 3 used in the above examples is a transparent slender hollow cylindrical test bottle, and the sealing cap 4 has good sealing performance. In order to ensure good uniformity of the tail mortar, the stirring rod is firstly used for stirring in the above embodiment, after the tail mortar is stirred until the color is uniform, the stirring rod is taken out, the sealing cover 4 is screwed down, and the tail mortar is shaken up by reversing the upside down for multiple times. This operation is much more uniform than stirring the tailing slurry with only a stir bar. This is clearly observed in the process of turning the test flask 3 upside down, and even if the stirring time of the stirring rod is long, the bottom of the test flask 3 is not moved even when the test flask 3 is turned upside down, and the bottom and the top of the test flask 3 are not deposited even when the stirring rod is turned upside down many times.
2. The tailing sedimentation test data can be automatically collected at high frequency in the test process. The scale numerical value on the measuring cylinder is recorded in a manual recording mode over time, and even if experimental data are recorded every 20 seconds, the requirements on the observation capability, the brain reaction speed and the data recording speed of testers are high. The embodiment described above relies on the rheometer body 1 to automatically acquire test data at high frequency, so that even if the rheometer body 1 with a very low configuration can acquire test data 1 time per second, the rheometer body 1 with a high configuration can acquire test data more than one hundred times per second. Therefore, the tailing sedimentation test device and the tailing sedimentation test method greatly improve the acquisition frequency and the acquisition capacity of the experimental data and reduce the workload of the testers.
3. The accuracy of the collected test data is higher. The layering liquid level is often vague among the static settlement process of tailings, is difficult to judge clear effectual layering liquid level in the short time, and different test personnel often have different judgement results to vague layering liquid level. Even if the position of the stratified liquid level can be quickly and clearly resolved, the accuracy of the test cannot be further improved by the accuracy limited to the minimum scale value of 1mm on the measuring cylinder. The effective digit number of the data such as torque, rotating speed and the like collected by the rheometer body 1 can reach five or six, and the accuracy of the data collected by the highly configured rheometer body 1 is higher. Therefore, the tailings sedimentation test device and the tailings sedimentation test method provided by the embodiment greatly improve the accuracy of the collected test data.
4. The amount of tail sand used in the test is small, and the test preparation process is more convenient. The volume of the measuring cylinder used in the test bottle 3 of the embodiment can be much smaller than that of the existing tailing static settlement test, the amount of tailing and water required by the test can be much smaller, and the test preparation process can be more convenient.
5. The static settling performance of the tailings can be quantitatively evaluated.
6. The method can be used for function description and multi-index image display, and can more comprehensively present the static settling performance characteristics of the tailings.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The tailings sedimentation test device is characterized by comprising a rheometer body (1), a rotor (2), a test bottle (3) and a sealing cover (4), wherein the rotor (2) is connected with the rheometer body (1) to rotate under the driving of the rheometer body (1), and the test bottle (3) has a first use state and a second use state;
when the test bottle (3) is in a first use state, the seal cover (4) is buckled on the test bottle (3);
when the test bottle (3) is in a second using state, the bottle opening of the test bottle (3) is connected with the rheometer body (1), and the rotor (2) extends into the test bottle (3) and is coaxially arranged with the test bottle (3) to rotate and measure in the test bottle (3) filled with the tail mortar;
the rotor (2) is used for measuring the rotation of the bottom of the tail mortar in the test bottle (3), and the rotor (2) comprises a measuring head (21) positioned at the end part;
the distance between the bottom end of the measuring head (21) and the bottom wall of the test bottle (3) is not less than the maximum particle size of the tailings and not more than 5 times of the maximum particle size of the tailings;
the distance between the side edge of the measuring head (21) and the side wall of the test bottle (3) is not less than the maximum particle size of the tailings and not more than 5 times of the maximum particle size of the tailings;
the measuring head (21) comprises a first rotating shaft (211) and a plurality of blades, and each blade comprises an outer frame (212) and a solid part (213);
the outer frames (212) are connected to the first rotating shaft (211), and the outer frames (212) are distributed around the first rotating shaft (211) in a scattering manner;
the solid part (213) is connected with the outer frame (212) and is positioned in a space surrounded by the outer frame (212) and the first rotating shaft (211), and a hollow structure is formed between the solid part and the first rotating shaft (211).
2. A tailings sedimentation test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rotor (2) further comprises a connector (22) and a second rotating shaft (23), two ends of the second rotating shaft (23) are respectively connected with the connector (22) and the measuring head (21), and the connector (22) is connected with the rheometer body (1).
3. A tailings sedimentation test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the length to the inner diameter of the test bottle (3) is not lower than 5.
4. A tailings sedimentation test apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a rotary base (5) and a driving mechanism (6), wherein the rotary base (5) is used for carrying the test bottle (3) in the first use state, and the driving mechanism (6) is connected with the rotary base (5) to drive the rotary base (5) to rotate in a reciprocating manner.
5. A tailing sedimentation test method characterized by using the tailing sedimentation test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
preparing and mixing tail mortar to be measured: preparing tail mortar by using the test bottle (3), stirring the tail mortar by using a stirring rod, taking out the stirring rod, screwing the sealing cover (4), mixing in an upside-down mode, and standing for later use;
recording measurement program: recording a measuring system required by the compiled tailing static settlement test into a measuring program of the rheometer body (1), and debugging the measuring system to a normal operation state;
the measurement program was run to start the test: installing the rotor (2), starting the recorded measuring program, mixing the tail mortar in the test bottle (3) in an upside-down mode, opening the sealing cover (4), and connecting the test bottle (3) with the rheometer body (1);
and after the rheometer measurement program is finished, exporting test data and ending the test program.
6. The tailings sedimentation test method of claim 5, wherein the measurement regime comprises: when the measurement is started, the rotating speed of the rotor (2) is increased from 0 to a constant rotating speed, when the measurement process is finished, the rotating speed of the rotor (2) is decreased from the constant rotating speed to 0, and when the rotor (2) is at the constant rotating speed, the rotating speed is an acquisition area of effective data of a static sedimentation performance test of tailings;
the measurement system also comprises a data acquisition frequency.
7. A tailings sedimentation test method according to claim 6, wherein the valid data comprises torque data collected by the rheometer body (1) when the rotor (2) is at a constant rotational speed.
8. The tailings sedimentation test method of claim 7, further comprising:
establishing a corresponding relation between time and the measured torque, and drawing a torque and time scatter diagram;
fitting the torque and the time dispersion point by adopting a tailing sedimentation performance fitting function, and solving the numerical value of a parameter in the tailing sedimentation performance fitting function;
calculating data of one-to-one correspondence between tailing sedimentation rate and time according to the numerical value of the parameter in the tailing sedimentation performance fitting function and the tailing sedimentation rate function;
and drawing a scatter diagram of the tailing sedimentation rate and time, and fitting the scatter diagram by adopting the tailing sedimentation rate function.
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| CN202211081245.2A CN115165688B (en) | 2022-09-06 | 2022-09-06 | Tailing sedimentation test device and method |
| PCT/CN2023/117123 WO2024051711A1 (en) | 2022-09-06 | 2023-09-06 | Tailings settlement test device and method |
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