CN110618061B - Rotor for sand-carrying rheometer, sand-carrying rheometer and method - Google Patents
Rotor for sand-carrying rheometer, sand-carrying rheometer and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a rotor for a sand-carrying rheometer, a sand-carrying rheometer and a method, and belongs to the field of oil and gas field development. The rotor for the sand-carrying rheometer comprises a rotor body in a propeller structure; the rotor body comprises a rotating shaft and at least one group of blades connected to the rotating shaft, and the blades are sequentially arranged from the front end to the rear end of the rotating shaft; each group of blades comprises at least two blades, and the axes of the blades in each group are uniformly distributed on the circumference. Aiming at the defects of the existing fracturing fluid rheometer rotor, the invention designs the six-blade rotor which is very effective in rheological property test of the sand-carrying fracturing fluid and has accurate and reliable test results; on the basis of a conventional fracturing fluid evaluation rheometer, the invention provides a rheological measurement system which has a large gap and allows high sand ratio fracturing fluid to be added, and meanwhile, a rotor of the system has a certain stirring effect and can prevent proppant from precipitating under high-speed shearing so as to simulate and measure the sand carrying performance and mechanism of the high-shearing low-viscosity fracturing fluid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas field development, and particularly relates to a rotor for a sand-carrying rheometer, the sand-carrying rheometer and a method.
Background
The hydraulic fracturing technology is a key measure for increasing the yield of compact oil and gas fields, and whether the proppant can be effectively conveyed becomes the key of fracturing construction, so that the yield increasing effect after fracturing is determined. The research on the mechanism for reinforcing sand carrying of the fracturing fluid and the influencing factors has positive significance for improving the fracturing effect.
The existing methods for evaluating the sand-carrying performance of the fracturing fluid mainly comprise a static sand setting method, a dynamic fracture simulation method and a numerical simulation method. The static sand setting experiment is only suitable for the sand carrying condition under the condition of static or low shear rate, the actual sand setting speed is lower than the static sand setting speed in field application, and the method has limitation and cannot truly reflect the real-time sand carrying condition of a stratum and a shaft during fracturing. The dynamic sand-carrying evaluation method is used for researching proppant migration and sand laying characteristics by simulating the actual flowing condition of fracturing fluid in pipelines and cracks, is usually visual description of experimental phenomena, lacks analysis on the sand-carrying performance mechanism of the fracturing fluid, and has the problems of large test workload, high cost and the like. At present, the rheological property of the fracturing fluid is mainly directed at the fracturing fluid, and the rheological property of the fracturing fluid after sand carrying is not involved, so that the rheological property of the sand-carrying fracturing fluid has important guiding significance for site fracturing construction.
Chinese patent publication CN107030920A discloses a novel experimental torque rheometer rotor, which includes a rotor body, the rotor body has a first short edge, a second short edge, a third short edge, a fourth short edge, a first long edge, a second long edge, a third long edge, and a fourth long edge, the front end face of the rotor body is concave, the rear end face of the rotor body is convex, the first short edge intersects the first long edge, the second short edge intersects the second long edge, the third short edge intersects the third long edge, the fourth short edge intersects the fourth long edge, and the long and short edges of each intersection are in an S shape, the short edge helix angle of the rotor is 45-65 degrees, the long edge helix angle of the rotor is 30-45 degrees, and the axial length ratio of the long edge to the short edge of the rotor body is 1.2:1-1.5: 1. According to the novel experimental torque rheometer rotor, the number of the spiral edges of the rotor body is increased, the shapes of the two end surfaces of the rotor body are changed, the plasticizing behavior of a PVC blend in the processing process and the influence of a heat stabilizer on the PVC blend can be accurately and efficiently researched and analyzed, but the effects of stirring and mixing sand-carrying fracturing fluid and measuring the rheological property of the PVC blend cannot be achieved.
At present, a rotor used for rheological property research of fracturing fluid is a cylindrical rotor, a gap between the rotor and a rotating drum is narrow, and only solution containing nano-scale particles can be measured.
The rotor of conventional rheometer is cylindric, and the distance between rotor and the rotary drum is 2-5 millimeters, therefore the clearance is little between rotary drum and the rotor, can't add the proppant, also does not possess the stirring effect simultaneously, so it can not be used for studying the rheological behavior of taking sand fracturing fluid, can not simulate the rheological behavior change law in-process that takes sand fracturing fluid to go into the stratum, also can not be used for evaluating fracturing fluid dynamic sand carrying performance, can not simulate the sand carrying condition under the low glutinous fracturing fluid high shear rate. At present, no rheometer rotor report related to sand-carrying fracturing fluid performance research is available. Therefore, there is a need to develop new rotor systems for the performance characteristics of sand-laden fracturing fluids.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a rotor for a sand-carrying rheometer, a sand-carrying rheometer and a method, which are used for evaluating the rheological property of a sand-carrying fracturing fluid, further determining the sand-carrying property of the fracturing fluid and analyzing the action mechanism of the fracturing fluid and a propping agent.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a rotor for a sand-carrying rheometer comprises a rotor body in a propeller structure;
the rotor body comprises a rotating shaft and at least one group of blades connected to the rotating shaft, and the blades are sequentially arranged from the front end to the rear end of the rotating shaft;
each group of blades comprises at least two blades, and the axes of the blades in each group are uniformly distributed on the circumference.
All the blades are the same in shape and size.
The distance between two adjacent groups of blades along the axial direction of the rotating shaft is 1-1.5 cm.
Preferably, all the blades are rectangular in shape.
Preferably, the rotor body comprises 2-4 groups of blades, and each group of blades comprises two blades.
Preferably, the rotor body comprises three groups of paddles, namely a front end paddle, a middle paddle and a rear end paddle from the front end to the rear end of the rotating shaft;
the front-end paddle comprises a front-end first paddle and a front-end second paddle; the middle paddle comprises a middle first paddle and a middle second paddle; the rear end paddle comprises a rear end first paddle and a rear end second paddle.
The plane where the front-end first paddle is located is perpendicular to the plane where the front-end second paddle is located, the plane where the front-end first paddle is located and the axis of the rotating shaft form an angle of 45 degrees, and the plane where the front-end second paddle is located and the axis of the rotating shaft form an angle of 135 degrees;
the middle first paddle and the middle second paddle are positioned in the same plane, the plane is a first plane, and the first plane is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft;
the rear end first paddle and the rear end second paddle are located in the same plane, the plane is a second plane, and the second plane is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft;
the first plane and the second plane are perpendicular to each other.
And a contact port is arranged at the rear end of the rotating shaft.
A sand-carrying rheometer comprises a rotary drum, wherein a rotor for the sand-carrying rheometer is installed in the rotary drum;
a contact port at the rear end of the rotating shaft is connected with a motor shaft of the sand-carrying rheometer;
the distance between the outer edge of each blade and the inner wall of the drum is 5-8 mm.
The experimental method for realizing sand-carrying fracturing fluid rheology by using the sand-carrying rheometer comprises the following steps:
(1) measuring a thickening agent for fracturing according to the designed experimental concentration, placing the taken thickening agent for fracturing in a stirrer for rapid stirring, slowly adding water while rapidly stirring, then continuously stirring at a low speed for a set time, adding a cross-linking agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a glue solution fracturing fluid;
(2) taking out a set amount of glue fracturing fluid from the glue fracturing fluid obtained in the step (1), weighing ceramsite with an experimental set proportion, adding the ceramsite into the glue fracturing fluid which is taken out, and quickly transferring the glue fracturing fluid mixed with the ceramsite into a rotary drum of a sand-carrying rheometer;
(3) setting a group of shear rates, and starting a sand-carrying rheometer to perform a sand-containing rheological experiment;
(4) after the experiment is finished, processing the experimental data to obtain rheological data and a rheological curve;
the speed of rapid stirring in the step (1) is as follows: 800 r/min; the low-speed continuous stirring speed is 300 r/min; the set time was 30 minutes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at the defects of the existing fracturing fluid rheometer rotor, the invention designs the six-blade rotor which is very effective in rheological property test of the sand-carrying fracturing fluid and has accurate and reliable test results;
on the basis of a conventional fracturing fluid evaluation rheometer, the invention provides a rheological measurement system which has a large gap and allows high sand ratio fracturing fluid to be added, and meanwhile, a rotor of the system has a certain stirring effect and can prevent proppant from precipitating under high-speed shearing so as to simulate and measure the sand carrying performance and mechanism of the high-shearing low-viscosity fracturing fluid.
The rotor can measure the rheological property of fracturing fluid with different viscosity and different sand ratios, and can determine the sand carrying mechanism performance of slickwater under high shear so as to research the sand carrying mechanism. The proppant can be settled under low shear of the slickwater fracturing fluid, and the proppant can be resuspended after stirring disturbance under high shear, so that the sand carrying condition of the sand-carrying fracturing fluid at different stages can be simulated through the rotor of the invention, and a guiding function is provided for field application;
the rotor provided by the invention can be used for evaluating the rheological property of the sand-carrying fracturing fluid, so that the sand-carrying property of the fracturing fluid is determined, the action mechanism of the fracturing fluid and a propping agent is analyzed, and the rotor has a wide application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side view of the invention.
Figure 3 is a southwest isometric view of the present invention.
Figure 4 is an isometric view of the southeast of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 7 different sand ratio viscosity-shear rate curves for sand-carrying fracturing fluids
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the time course of viscosity at different shear rates.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the rotor provided by the invention is provided with a propeller mechanism, has a certain stirring function, and can simulate the sand carrying effect and mechanism of a large-displacement fracturing fluid through rapid stirring under low fracturing fluid viscosity, thereby having a guiding function on simulating the non-conventional shale gas slickwater large-displacement fracturing.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the rotor for a sand-carrying rheometer of the present invention includes a rotor body, wherein the rotor body is of a propeller structure, is composed of blades of the same shape and size, and includes 4 to 8 symmetrical blades, and is exemplified by a rotor including 6 blades, and includes a front-end blade, a middle blade, and a rear-end blade, which are a front-end first blade 1, a front-end second blade 2, a middle first blade 3, a middle second blade 4, a rear-end first blade 5, and a rear-end second blade 6, respectively. The 6 blades are all rectangular (the rheometer rotor is finer, the rectangular symmetrical structure can improve the measurement accuracy, a certain blade distance is kept (the distance between two adjacent groups of blades along the axial direction of the rotating shaft is 1-1.5 cm, the distance is not suitable for too close and too far), the addition of a propping agent is facilitated, a better stirring effect can be achieved, if the number of blades is too large, the problem of the propping agent remaining between the blades can be caused, the measurement structure and subsequent cleaning are influenced), the specification is the same, the planes of the pair of blades at the front end of the rotor body are mutually vertical, the planes and the bearing (the bearing is the bearing at the connection position of the upper end and the rheometer in the figure 1) axially form an angle of 45 degrees and an angle of 135 degrees respectively, the middle pair of blades are distributed on the same plane and are axially parallel to the bearing, the rear pair of blades are distributed on the same plane, the six blades are symmetrically layered and surrounded around the bearing (the blades and the rotating shaft can be connected together through fine welding). Depending on the type of rheometer, varying the contact port at the uppermost end of the shaft can be adapted to different kinds of rheometers. The sand-carrying performances of different types of fracturing fluids are obtained by measuring the performances of the sand-carrying fluid such as variable shear, temperature resistance, shear resistance, viscoelasticity and the like, so as to guide field construction and research the sand-carrying capacity and mechanism of the fracturing fluid. The rotor structure can be adjusted according to different types of rheometers (the type of a port where a rotating shaft is in contact with the rheometer is adjusted, the number and the length of blades are adjusted according to the size of a rotating drum of the rheometer, and the like), can measure the sand carrying capacity of different types of fracturing fluids, such as slickwater, guanidine gum fracturing fluid, clean fracturing fluid, carbon dioxide fracturing fluid and other fluids, can measure different types of proppants, and can be widely applied to performance evaluation and mechanism research of sand carrying fluids in different sand ratios and different types of fracturing fluids, and the test method is similar to that of a conventional rheological experiment method. In the rheometer, the distance between the outer edges of the blades of the rotor and the inner wall of the bowl is 5-8 mm, and the gap can be filled with proppant. The contact port at the uppermost end of the rotating shaft of the rotor is connected with the motor output shaft of the rheometer, and different rotating shafts can be designed according to different rheometer types so as to be suitable for different rheometers.
The invention provides a novel rotor for a sand-carrying rheometer, which is used for researching rheological property, sand-carrying property and sand-carrying mechanism of a sand-carrying fracturing fluid.
According to the rotor for the sand-carrying rheometer, the influence of the shearing action on the rheological property and the sand-carrying property of the sand-carrying fracturing fluid can be accurately and efficiently researched and analyzed by improving the number of blades, the distribution of the blade directions and the shape of the blades designed by the rotor.
Rheological properties such as variable shear, temperature resistance, shear resistance, viscoelasticity and the like of fracturing fluids of different types and different sand ratios are measured by a rheometer provided with the sand-carrying fracturing fluid rotor to obtain a series of curves under different conditions, so that sand-carrying capacity and related sand-carrying mechanisms of the fracturing fluid are determined.
The experimental steps of the sand-carrying fracturing fluid denaturation are as follows:
(1) accurately weighing a thickening agent SRFP-1 (mature product) for fracturing according to the designed experimental concentration, putting the SRFP-1 in a stirrer for rapid stirring, slowly adding water while rapidly stirring, then reducing the rotating speed until stirring for 30min, adding a cross-linking agent SRFC-1 (mature product) and uniformly stirring to obtain the glue fracturing fluid.
(2) And (3) weighing ceramsite with a set ratio in an experiment by using an electronic balance, adding the ceramsite into 50mL of the liquid cement fracturing fluid which is taken out, and quickly transferring the liquid cement fracturing fluid into a measuring cylinder of a rheometer.
(3) And starting a rheometer to perform a sand-containing rheological experiment. Operating according to the operation method of the rotational rheometer, entering a process control and data acquisition system on a computer, selecting a working program and a measurement mode according to experiment requirements, setting parameters such as temperature, heating rate, data reading frequency and experiment time, and measuring.
(4) Set a set of shear rates (customizable): experiments were performed at 70s-1, 100s-1, 170s-1, 240s-1, 300s-1 and 400 s-1. And after the experiment is finished, importing the stored original data into a data management system, and processing the data to obtain the required rheological data and rheological curve.
The above 4 steps were performed using the rotor of the present invention in the determination of sand-carrying fracturing fluid performance, and various other experiments were also performed using the rheometer with the rotor of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Accurately weighing 5g of thickening agent SRFP-1 for fracturing, slowly adding the SRFP-1 into 1000mL of tap water while quickly stirring (800r/min), then reducing the rotating speed (300r/min), stirring for 30min, adding 2g of cross-linking agent SRFC-1, and uniformly stirring to obtain the glue fracturing fluid.
(2) 2.5g of ceramsite is weighed by an electronic balance, added into 50mL of the above glue solution taken out, and a sand-carrying glue solution system with the sand ratio of 5% is obtained and quickly transferred into a measuring cylinder of a rheometer.
(4) And starting a rheometer to perform a sand-containing rheological experiment.
(5) Set a set of shear rates (customizable): 70s -1 ，100s -1 ，170s -1 ，240s -1 ，300s -1 And 400s -1 Experiments were performed. And after the experiment is finished, importing the stored original data into a data management system, and processing the data to obtain the required rheological data and rheological curve.
Example 2
(1) Accurately weighing 5g of thickening agent SRFP-1 for fracturing, slowly adding SRFP-1 into 1000mL of tap water while quickly stirring (800r/min), then reducing the rotating speed (300r/min), stirring for 30min, adding 2g of cross-linking agent SRFC-1, and uniformly stirring to obtain the glue fracturing fluid.
(2) And (3) weighing 5g of ceramsite by using an electronic balance, adding the ceramsite into 50mL of the obtained glue solution to obtain a sand-carrying glue solution system with the sand ratio of 10%, and quickly transferring the sand-carrying glue solution system into a measuring cylinder of a rheometer.
(4) And starting a rheometer to perform a sand-containing rheological experiment.
(5) Set a set of shear rates (customizable): 70s -1 ，100s -1 ，170s -1 ，240s -1 ，300s -1 And 400s -1 Experiments were performed. And after the experiment is finished, importing the stored original data into a data management system, and processing the data to obtain the required rheological data and rheological curve.
Example 3
(1) Accurately weighing 5g of thickening agent SRFP-1 for fracturing, slowly adding the SRFP-1 into 1000mL of tap water while quickly stirring (800r/min), then reducing the rotating speed (300r/min), stirring for 30min, adding 2g of cross-linking agent SRFC-1, and uniformly stirring to obtain the glue fracturing fluid.
(2) And (3) weighing 7.5g of ceramsite by using an electronic balance, adding the ceramsite into 50mL of the obtained glue solution to obtain a sand-carrying glue solution system with the sand ratio of 15%, and quickly transferring the sand-carrying glue solution system into a measuring cylinder of a rheometer.
(4) And starting a rheometer to perform a sand-containing rheological experiment.
(5) Set a set of shear rates (customizable): 70s -1 ，100s -1 ，170s -1 ，240s -1 ，300s -1 And 400s -1 Experiments were performed. And after the experiment is finished, importing the stored original data into a data management system, and processing the data to obtain the required rheological data and rheological curve.
Example 4
(1) Accurately weighing 5g of thickening agent SRFP-1 for fracturing, slowly adding SRFP-1 into 1000mL of tap water while quickly stirring (800r/min), then reducing the rotating speed (300r/min), stirring for 30min, adding 2g of cross-linking agent SRFC-1, and uniformly stirring to obtain the glue fracturing fluid.
(2) 2.5g of ceramsite is weighed by an electronic balance, added into 50mL of the above glue solution taken out, and a sand-carrying glue solution system with the sand ratio of 5% is obtained and quickly transferred into a measuring cylinder of a rheometer.
(4) And starting a rheometer to perform a sand-containing rheological experiment.
(5) The shear rates were set to 170s, respectively -1 And 240s -1 And respectively shearing for 60min to obtain the viscosity change rule of the sand-carrying fracturing fluid along with time at different shearing rates.
FIG. 7 was obtained according to examples 1-3, where the viscosity of the sand-laden liquid cement was gradually decreased with increasing shear rate and then increased with increasing shear rate at different sand ratios; as the sand ratio increases, the viscosity increases at the same shear rate. The viscosity of a glue solution system, the extension friction resistance and the migration resistance of a propping agent in the fracture are increased under the condition of high sand ratio, so that the sand blocking risk of the high sand ratio construction during shale gas fracturing is higher.
According to the graph 8 obtained in the embodiment 4, under the condition of the sand ratio of 5%, the viscosity of the sand-carrying glue solution gradually decreases along with the extension of the shearing time and then tends to be stable, and the viscosity gradually decreases along with the increase of the shearing rate within a certain shearing rate range, which indicates that the sand-carrying liquid meets the non-Newtonian fluid model under the condition of low sand ratio.
The above-described embodiments are intended to be illustrative only, and various modifications and variations such as those described in the above-described embodiments of the invention may be readily made by those skilled in the art based upon the teachings and teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A rotor for a sand-carrying rheometer is characterized in that: the rotor for the sand-carrying rheometer comprises a rotor body in a propeller structure;
the rotor body comprises a rotating shaft and at least one group of blades connected to the rotating shaft, and the blades are sequentially arranged from the front end to the rear end of the rotating shaft;
each group of blades comprises at least two blades, and the axes of the blades in each group are uniformly distributed on the circumference;
all the blades are the same in shape and size;
all the blades are rectangular;
the rotor body comprises three groups of blades, namely a front end blade, a middle blade and a rear end blade from the front end to the rear end of the rotating shaft;
the front-end paddle comprises a front-end first paddle and a front-end second paddle; the middle paddle comprises a middle first paddle and a middle second paddle; the rear end paddle comprises a rear end first paddle and a rear end second paddle;
the plane where the front-end first paddle is located is perpendicular to the plane where the front-end second paddle is located;
the middle first paddle and the middle second paddle are positioned in the same plane, the plane is a first plane, and the first plane is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft;
the rear end first paddle and the rear end second paddle are located in the same plane, the plane is a second plane, and the second plane is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft;
the first plane and the second plane are perpendicular to each other.
2. The rotor for a sand-carrying rheometer according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between two adjacent groups of blades along the axial direction of the rotating shaft is 1-1.5 cm.
3. The rotor for a sand-carrying rheometer according to claim 2, wherein:
the plane of the first front-end paddle forms an angle of 45 degrees with the axis of the rotating shaft, and the plane of the second front-end paddle forms an angle of 135 degrees with the axis of the rotating shaft.
4. The rotor for a sand-carrying rheometer of claim 1, wherein: and a contact port is arranged at the rear end of the rotating shaft.
5. A sand-carrying rheometer provided with a rotor for a sand-carrying rheometer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the sand-carrying rheometer comprises a rotary drum, and a rotor for the sand-carrying rheometer is installed in the rotary drum;
a contact port at the rear end of the rotating shaft is connected with a motor shaft of the sand-carrying rheometer;
the distance between the outer edge of each paddle and the inner wall of the drum is 5-8 mm.
6. An experimental method for sand-carrying fracturing fluid rheology realized by the sand-carrying rheometer in claim 5 is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) measuring a thickening agent for fracturing according to a designed experimental concentration, placing the measured thickening agent for fracturing in a stirrer for rapid stirring, slowly adding water while rapidly stirring, then continuously stirring at a low speed for a set time, adding a cross-linking agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a glue fracturing fluid;
(2) taking out a set amount of glue fracturing fluid from the glue fracturing fluid obtained in the step (1), weighing ceramsite with a set experimental proportion, adding the ceramsite into the glue fracturing fluid, and quickly transferring the glue fracturing fluid mixed with the ceramsite into a rotary drum of a sand-carrying rheometer;
(3) setting a group of shear rates, and starting a sand-carrying rheometer to perform a sand-containing rheological experiment;
(4) and after the experiment is finished, processing the experimental data to obtain rheological data and a rheological curve.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein: the speed of the rapid stirring in the step (1) is as follows: 800 r/min; the low-speed continuous stirring speed is 300 r/min; the set time was 30 minutes.
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| US20050132782A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-06-23 | Wallevik Olafur H. | Rheomixer device |
| US20130118235A1 (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Combined rheometer/mixer having helical blades and methods of determining rheological properties of fluids |
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